上海外语口译
2005年春季英语中级口译第一阶段考试
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST
(45 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
As crime skyrockets in many communities, people are finally beginning to look for long-lasting. Effective answers to stem the tide of juvenile crime. Reaching the youth who have committed a crime before they become ________(1) is an essential step in reversing the crime trend. One _______(2) may be the establishment of teen court.
Teen court is known as a sentencing court for youths who have _______(3). Teen courts primarily deal with first-time offenders. After arrest, the young offender must _________(4) to the charge in juvenile court. With ________(5), the offender agrees to be sentenced and abide by the decision of peer jury __________(6). Another essential component to teen court is that, as part of the sentence, the offender must sit in on one of more future peer juries to _________(7) for other offenders. For example, a county teen court in lllinois gives young offenders a chance to ________(8) their arrests from their permanent record by _________(9) or other duties ordered by the court. Teen court is not a trial court. All teens admit their guilt and _________(10) a sentence given to them by a jury of their peers. A judge is present to _________(11) of the court.
The teen court alleviates the strain on the _________(12) and has been implemented in __________(13) since the first teen court opened in Odessa, Texas. Beside giving the offender a second chance, it gives the youth_________(14) in the judicial process.
The purpose of the teen court, aside from sentencing youth offenders, is to ________(15) both the offenders and the teen volunteers while simultaneously promoting __________(16) between defendants, the community, and the police. By offering this _________(17) system, teen court allows those teens who have made a bad decision an opportunity to ________(18) and learn from it. At the same time those teens learn________(19). The police, the community, and the ________(20). Part B: Listening Comprehension
1. Statements
Directions: in this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These
statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. (A) You‘d better buy a local newspaper to look through the classified ads.
(B) You might put an ad in the local paper to find someone to fill the position.
(C) You can come this afternoon to go through the application procedures.
(D) You need to interview the well-known painter in our office this afternoon.
2. (A) David will be the general manager next week.
(B) David will get a promotion and a pay rise.
(C) David will work hard to be a general manager.
(D) David will be transferred to the accounting manager‘s office.
3. (A) No one in this office is willing to the translation except yourself.
(B) The new secretary will ask someone to fix the date for you.
(C) The new secretary can type and hand in the document for you.
(D) The secretary is an able person to help you with the translation.
4. (A) I paid 4 dollars for the shrimp. (B) I paid 6 dollars for the shrimp.
(C) I paid 8 dollars for the shrimp. (D) I paid 12 dollars for the shrimp.
5. (A) Although you pay more for the course, you have a better chance of securing a
job.
(B) You will not be enrolled in the course, unless you score high in the placement
test.
(C) Your job is to locate excellent students and urge them to enroll in our MBA
course.
(D) You will be awarded a scholarship for the MBA curse if your high school
record is excellent.
6. (A) It would be a win-win situation for both of us if we set up an agency for
marketing your products.
(B)) We believe that marketing your products on your behalf in Shanghai would be
rather costly in the beginning.
(C) It is our firm belief that we will bring a lot of benefit to your agency in
Shanghai.
(D) We totally agree to market your products in Shanghai if your firm can set up an
agency on our behalf.
7. (A) The customer must pay cash for his insurance.
(B) The customer must pay for his insurance by credit card.
(C) The customer must get a money order to pay for his insurance.
(D) The customer must get a traveler‘s check to pay for his insurance.
8. (A) The accountant is to return 300,000 dollars to balance your account.
(B) The check has bounced because of insufficient fund in the account.
(C) The accountant has checked in for a conference on environmental protection.
(D) The check is specially provided to make a balance on your bank account.
9. (A) We are likely to have further cooperation if the objective is achieved.
(B) If the target is missed, we will discuss with you a long-term arrangement.
(C) We will establish a cooperative base in the locality if this target is attained.
(D) We are glad to have signed with you a long-term arrangement.
10. (A) The investment Department submitted a survey report to the board of
directors.
(B) The investment Department refuted the decision made by the board of
directors.
(C) The board of directors could not agree on the content of the survey report.
(D) The board of directors were not concerned with the Department‘s survey
report.
2. Talks and Conversations
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 11-14
11. (A) In London. (B) In Edinburgh.
(C) In Paris. (D) In this friend‘s home.
12. (A) He went to sleep because he was very tired.
(B) He had a fight with his friends.
(C) He did some shopping.
(D) He went to a night club.
13. (A) The man missed his return flight.
(B) The man watched a rugby match in the afternoon.
(C) The man went to see some tourist attractions.
(D) The man bought some gifts for his parents and friends.
14. (A) Because he wanted go buy more presents for her.
(B) Because he had to pay for the French wine he bought for her.
(C) Because he had spent all his money over the weekend.
(D) Because he had planned to go to Edinburgh next weekend.
Questions 15-18
15. (A) They are built only for children or teenagers.
(B) They provide scary and frightening experiences.
(C) They never allow adults to participate.
(D) They seldom help adults to reduce weight.
16. (A) Pay his telephone bills.
(B) Work out his daily agenda.
(C) Consult a health-care worker.
(D) Enjoy food to his heart‘s content.
17. (A) Because they feel it necessary to set an example for their children.
(B) Because they consider it to be the safest for their children.
(C) Because they think the fide can help reduce their weights.
(D) Because they want to prove themselves to be adventurous.
18. (A) They can have a guilt-free experience.
(B) They can refrain from eating junk food.
(C) They can keep their children company.
(D) They can escape from daily work and pressures.
Questions 19-22
19. (A) Shop-assistant and customer. (B) Husband and wife.
(C) Police and pedestrian (D) Travel guide and tourist.
20. (A) An item of clothing (B) A bottle of after-shave.
(B) An Olympic record. (D) A pair of socks.
21. (A) A book and a record. (B) Perfume.
(C) Skirts and socks. (D) A ticket to see the circus.
22. (A) Go sightseeing at Piccadilly. (B) Have a cup of English tea.
(C) Enjoy a funny French show. (D) Return to the hotel and take a rest. Questions 23-26
23. (A) Marketing does more harm than good to customers.
(B) Marketing just means that businesses sell their products.
(C) Marketing is something very one of us does quite often.
(D) Marketing includes a variety of business activities.
24. (A) When you are shortlisted for an interview.
(B) When you are watching television at home.
(C) When you have asked to borrow a bicycle.
(D) When you have concluded a medical research.
25. (A) When you are applying for a job.
(B) When you are paying your tuition fee.
(C) When you are riding a bus.
(D) When you are interviewing candidates.
26. (A) The promotion of ideas. (B) The pricing of goods.
(C) The exchange process. (D) The product distributions. Questions 27-30
27. (A) They are bored. (B) They want a wage increase.
(C) They demand shorter hours. (D) They like to beat their rivals.
28. (A) Car making. (B) Tourism.
(C) Cotton textile. (D) Electronics.
29. (A) Fight for markets. (B) Be more inventive and innovative.
(C) Expand into IT industry. (D) Be honest and fair in business dealings.
30. (A) Thank you. (B) Average.
(C) Quite good. (D) Excellent.
Part C: Listening and Translation
1. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
2. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
(1) (2)
SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS
(50 minutes)
Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer. (A), (B), (c) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated of implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1-5
Pollution control is management of waste materials in order to minimize the effects of pollutants on people and the environment. The quality of human health and of the natural environment depends on adequate pollution control. In the United States much has been done to control the more noticeable pollutants since 1965: more subtle yet still hazardous pollutants, however, remain to be adequately controlled.
Four general approaches to pollution control are: the intermittent reduction of industrial activities during periods of high air-pollution conditions; wider dispersion of pollutants using such devices as taller smokestacks; reduction of pollutants in industrial emission; and change of an industrial process or activity in order to produce less pollution. Taller smokestacks may reduce the concentrations to which local people are exposed, but they are ineffective in reducing overall pollution.
Pollutants removed from waste flows to reduce emissions to air and water may
be disposed of by burial or storage on land, practices that pose potential hazards, recent legislation requiring extensive emissions reductions has resulted in large investments in pollution-treatment technologies.
The fourth approach-changing a manufacturing process or activity in order to produce less pollution-may involve either the production of fewer residuals, by means of an improved process, or the separation and reuse of materials from the waste stream. This method of pollution control is the most effective and, as the costs of pollution control and waste disposal increase, is considered one of the most efficient.
Pollution-treatment systems have been effective in reducing the massive quantities of water and air pollutants that have clogged and choked urban areas. Although the improvements have been significant, recent pollution-control legislation aims to go further in order to control the less visible but often hazardous chemical and gaseous pollutants that still contaminate many waterways and urban atmospheres.
The costs of pollution control-resulting from capital, maintenance, and labor costs, as well as from the cost of additional residuals disposal-generally go up rapidly as a greater percentage of residuals is removed from the waste stream. Damage from pollution, on the other hand, goes down as a greater amount of contaminant is removed. Theoretically, the level of treatment should correspond to a point at which total costs of treatment and of damage to the environment are minimized or the benefits of further treatment are proportionally much smaller than the increased cost. In reality, costs or damages resulting from pollution can rarely be assessed in terms of dollars.
1. According to the passage. All of the following can be objectives of pollution control EXCEPT________.
(A) reducing polluting substances
(B) controlling all the pollutants
(C) restricting industrial activities
(D) improving the environment and human health
2. What does the author think of the second approach to pollution control?
(A) it is the most effective of the fore.
(B) it is effective in some way.
(C) it is economical but not at all effective.
3. According to the passage, recent pollution-control legislation aims to _______.
(A) control less visible as well as less hazardous chemical pollutants.
(B) increase the costs of pollution control and waste material disposal.
(C) have more strict control over less evident but often dangerous pollutants.
(D) eliminate all the hazardous chemical and gaseous pollutants.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?
(A) Laws have been made to develop pollution-treatment systems.
(B) Pollution-treatment systems have been effective in reducing the massive quantities of water and air pollutants.
(C) Materials from waste treatment processes can be made useful again.
(D) The cost of pollution treatment is proportionally smaller than that of damage to
the environment.
5. The overall purpose of the passage is _______.
(A) to discuss the ways of and problems in pollution control
(B) to give suggestions about pollution control legislation
(C) to compare and contrast the fore approaches to pollution control
(D) to describe what has been achieved in pollution control
Questions 6-10
Democracy is so much a part of our national identity that it almost seems a birthright. But the irony is that, even as we hope to spread democracy elsewhere, we risk preaching the virtues of a form of government we no longer practice ourselves. The upcoming elections, our proudest celebration of democracy, will highlight some of the threats to our government ―by the people‖.
Technically, every vote is counted. But will the ballot you cast really make a difference? Not likely, unless you live in one of about 17 battleground states where the contest between President Bush and Senator Kerry could easily go either way. If you come from a state that is already locked up by one of the parties and most of us do-your vote won‘t carry much weight. That‘s because of our idiosyncratic electoral college system.
Rather than being elected directly by the people, the President would be chosen by a group of electors appointed by the state legislatures-with the number of electors determined by the state‘s total number of representatives to Congress and U.S. Senators. By allotting two Senators to each state, our founders enabled small states to wield an influence greater than their populations alone would warrant, ensuring that the most populous states wouldn‘t decide every Presidential election. But here‘s the rub: When it comes to those electoral votes, it‘s winner-take-all (except in Maine, and Nebraska). Get more popular votes, even if only by one, and you grab all of the state‘s electoral votes.
There‘s yet another way that the electoral system undermines our vote. In 2000, the Presidential campaigns largely ignore the 33 states that weren‘t up for grabs. Even California, Texas and New York-states offering many electoral votes but little partisan competition-fell by the wayside. If victory or defeat depended on the popular vote, then candidates would have to work for each one. Instead, they decide which states are in play, and go after the voter there. They rarely visit other places and the majority of us don‘s experience a real campaign.
Here‘s one idea that could help us in future Presidential elections.
In a number of countries, they have a system of direct popular vote, but with a critical provision, in the event that no one wins by a majority, they hold an ―instant runoff‖. That‘s done by allowing voters to register not only their first choice among the candidates, by also their second and third. if a runoff is needed (say, if the winner among several candidates has less than 50 percent of vote). You can eliminate the candidate with the lowest tally, and transfer his or her supporters to the second choice on their ballots. This process can play out until there is a clear victor. This system give weight to every person‘s vote-something our system of electors will never do. Only a
Constitutional amendment, however, can bring about this change.
6. The function of the quotation mark in the last sentence of the 1st paragraph is to
_________.
(A) quote what somebody has said
(B) emphasize the threats
(C) achieve sarcasm
(D) create a sense of humor
7. The 17 states the candidates would visit in the campaign are those _____.
(A) locked up by one of the parties
(B) offering many electoral votes
(C) that could easily fall by the wayside
(D) where the competition could easily way
8. The word ―rub‖ in the 3rd paragraph most probably means____.
(A) the act of rubbing
(B) the trouble
(C) the solution
(D) the conflicting idea
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?
(A) some popular votes may carry more weight than others.
(B) the outcome of the election depends on the electoral votes.
(C) one can win the election only by getting more popular votes.
(D) the electoral system prevents the most populous states from deciding every election.
10. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
(A) is popular V ote More Democratic?
(B) our Election System: A True Democracy
(C) How to Battle Threats to Our Democracy
(D) How Much Does Your V ote Really Count?
Questions 11-15
Americans are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 20 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you‘ll know where the trend goes. Now, spurred on by recent studied suggesting that it can cut the risk of cancer and heart disease and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a similar jolt. Enough chic tea salons are springing up to make even die-hard coffee drinkers consider switching beverages.
Tea is available in more places than ever. ―tea was one of the most prolific beverage categories in 1999.‖With 24 percent more products offered over the previous year, reports Tom Vierhile of Marketing Intelligence Service, which tracks food and beverage trends. And the tea Association of the United States reports that from 1990 to 1999, annual sales of the drink grew to $4.6 billion from $1.8 billion. ―Green tea is seen by consumers as a ?functional food‘-delivering health benefits beyond sustenance,‖ says Vierhile.
Recently published studies point out that not all brews are created equal. Only teas that come from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis -Which, in their raw state are brewed to make green tea, and, with curing, can be turned into oolong and black tea leaves-have been shown to contain health benefits. Other herbal teas and infusions may taste good, yet they do little more than warm up the drinker. But for Camellia sinensis, the evidence is powerful. In a 1998 study, Harvard University researchers found that drinking one cup of black tea a day lowered the risk of heart attack by as much as 44percent compared with non-tea drinkers, and other studies have suggested that the antioxidants in these so-called real teas can also prevent cancer.
One such antioxidant in green tea is ECGC, a compound 20 times as powerful as vitamin E and 200 times as powerful as vitamin C. ―When people ask me for something good and cheep they can do to reduce their cancer risk, I tell them drink real tea.‖Says Mitchell Gaynor, director of medical oncology at New York City‘s Strang-Cornell Cancer Prevention Centre.
Among those inspired to become a green-tea drinker is Tess Ghilaga. A new York Writer who took it up after consulting a nutritionist six years ago. ―I‘ve never been a coffee drinker..‖says Ghilage, 33, ―she told me to start drinking green tea for the antioxidant properties.‖ Now Ghilaga and her husband routinely brew tea –they order theirs from https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714707796.html,, an internet tea company, which sells a variety of ready-made and raw teas.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714707796.html, Along with green, black, and oolong tea, this company sells a wide variety of herbal teas and offers a ―Tea of the Month‖ club.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714707796.html, this site sells higher-end green. Black and oolong teas and has good tips on proper storage and preparation of tea.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714707796.html, Tea drinkers can find links to sites offering tea lore, such as articles about tea ceremonies in foreign lands. An exhaustive ―frequently asked questions‖ file founds out the site.
11. What do recent studies reveal about tea drinking?
(A) Many tea houses have sprung up to meet the market demands.
(B) Drinking tea can cut the risk of lung cancer in particular
(C) Tea is rather a magical drinking material to slow down the aging process.
(D) Many die-hard coffee brewers have developed strong sentiments towards tea.
12. What did Tom Vierhile of Marketing Intelligence Service do, according to the
passage?
(A) He reported about the availability of all kinds of tea around the world.
(B) He tracked the sources of tea and other beverages in Asian countries.
(C) He gave a detailed analysis of professional categorization of tea and other
beverages.
(D) He followed the trends of tea and other beverages and analyse them in a
professional way.
13. The leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis ______.
(A) can be used to make green tea or black tea after proper treatments
(B) are turned into oolong or black tea leaves for the purpose of curing
(C) have powerful evidence to show its healing power for certain illnesses
(D) taste good yet do little more than warm up the drinker
14. According to the passage, what is ECGC?
(A) A medicine made from green tea.
(B) A powerful substance in green tea.
(C) An additive essential to green tea.
(D) A special treatment to make green tea.
15. If you are interested in tea festivals, which website would you most probably surf on?
(A) https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714707796.html,
(B) https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714707796.html,
(C) https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714707796.html,
(D) https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714707796.html,
Questions 16-20
A blue sedan nearly sideswipes my car. The driver gives me a weird look. No wonder : I‘m at the wheel of a Ford Taurus, with a tangle of wires taped to my face and neck, a respiration monitor strapped around my chest, and a bunch of other gizmos sending data about my vital signs to computers stacked on the front and back seats. I look like the star of A Commuter‘s Clockwork Orange.
University of lower assistant professor of engineering Thomas Schnell is crammed into the seat behind me. Schnell created this lab-on –wheels to gauge how a motorist‘s body reacts to driving . He wants carmakers to use his findings to design ―smart ‖cars that make driving less stressful. I‘m taking his rolling r esearch facility of a white-knuckle evening spin in Chicago—home to some of the nation‘s worst rush-hour traffic-to learn what happens to the human body during a long, frustrating commute.
So at 5:15 on a Monday, with a storm whipping in off Lake Michigan. I pull out of a downtown parking lot and begin creeping along interstate 90, heading west behind a line of cars that stretches as far as the eye can see. Now and then, the pace picks up, just as quickly, it slows to a halt ,red brake lights glowing in the twilight.
If I had to do this every day, I‘d grind my teeth to dust. After 45minutes, Schnell and I have gone just 10 miles. As the car crawls along. Schnell occasionally asks, ―What is your level of fun?‖ He notes my responses, some of them unprintable, on a clipboard. Here‘s what the computers I‘m tethered to record:
I begin breathing harder and faster. My respiration rate leaps from 12 to 17
breaths per minute. My heat rate jumps from 74 to 80 beats per minute. The electrodes taped to the muscles in my forehead show increased activity (Translation : My brow furrows and I squint a lot)
While I was in no danger of keeling over, my heart rate and other symptoms offered clear evidence that I was under stress, says Robert Bonow, MD, president of the American Heart Association (AHA). Over time, that stress could take a heavy toll.
If you are among the roughly 113 million Americans who drive to work each day. You‘re probably grimacing with recognition. With traffic congestion getting worse each year, anyone who travels by car to the office or plant, or who simply shuttles kids from school to violin lessons to slumber parties, may be exposing himself or herself to serious hidden health threats.
All that commuter combat is bound to produce casualties. ―People are experiencing more congestion and we know that‘s stressful, ‖says Colorado State University psychologist Jerry Diefenbaker. Some results are predictable. Reckless driving –sometimes in the form of so-called road rage-is often spurred by traffic frustration. Consider 41-year –old Chris Heard. The mild-mannered engineer used to turn into Mad Max every day as he drove the nearly 50 miles of clogged roads between his home in Brookline, N. H. ,and his office near Boston. ―it turned me into a very aggressive driver, ‖ he says, ―taking risks, cutting people off, driving fast on back roads to make up for time I lost , ―the result of his congestion-fueled fury ? A stack of speeding tickets and a number of near collisions. Finally he did something about it : He found a job closer to home.
16. According to the passage, Professor Thomas Schnell has created his lab-on
–wheels_________.
(A) to make heart jump from 74 to 80 beats per minute
(B) to make respiration rate leap from 12 to 17 breaths per minute
(C) to learn how to make driving enjoyable during rush-hour traffic
(D) to learn how a driver physically reacts to driving
17. Why was the author driving along interstate 90 on a Monday?
(A ) He was test-driving his smart cat.
(B) He liked to pick up his driving skill.
(C) He did not want to be caught in the storm.
(D) He was dong it a test.
18. The phrase ″take heavy″(para.6) is closest in meaning to ____.
(A) grind one‘s teeth
(B) damage one‘s health
(C) increase one‘s activity
(D) pay more at the toll gate
19. Which of the following in NOT true about 41-year-old Chris Heard?
(A) He used to play a role in a movie.
(B) He got a stack of speeding tickets.
(C) He found a job closer to home.
(D) He had a number of near collisions.
20. What is the best title for the passage?
(A) Are You a Reckless Driver?
(B) How Do You Improve Your Driving Skill?
(C) Are you Driving Yourself Sick?
(D) How Do you Design Smart Cars?
Questions 21-25
Transportation is the movement or conveying of persons and goods from one location to another. As human beings, from ancient times to he 21st century, sought to make their transport facilities more efficient, they have always endeavored to move people and property with the least expenditure of time, effort and cost. Improved transportation had helped make possible progress toward better living, the modern systems of manufacturing and commerce, and the complex, interdependent urban economy present in much of the world today.
Primitive human beings supplemented their own carrying of goods and possessions by starting to domesticate animals-training them to bear small loads and pull crude sleds. The invention of the wheel, probably in western Asia, was a great step forward in transport. As the wheel was perfected, crude carts and wagons began to appear in the Tigris-Euphrates valley about 3500 BC, and later in Crete, Egypt, and China. Wheeled vehicles could not use the narrow paths and trails used by pack animals, and early roads were soon being built by the Assyrians and the Persians.
The greatest improvements in transportation have appeared in the last two
centuries, a period during which the industrial Revolution has vastly changed the economic life of the entire world. Crude railways-horse-drawn wagons with wooden wheels and rails-had been used in English and European mines during the 17th century. Although it first appeared in England. The railroad had its most dramatic growth in the United States. By 1840 more than 4800 km of railroad were already operating in the eastern states, a figure 40 percent greater than the total railroad mileage of Europe. Since World War 1, however, the U.S. railroads have been in a decline, due partly to the rapid development of private automobiles, trucks, buses, pipelines, and airlines.
The first new mode of transportation to challenge the railroad was the motor vehicle, which was made possible by the invention, in the 1860s and ‘70s, of the internal combustion engine. The automobile found its greatest popularity in the United States, where the first ―horseless carriages‖appeared in the 1890s. two hundred million motor vehicles had been produced in the nation within 70 years of their first appearance. The automobile thus became in many ways as important to the 20th century as the railroads had been to the 19th.
During the same period intercity buses took over a large portion of commercial passenger travel, and trucks began carrying a great deal of the nation‘s freight.
Although the emphasis on fuel conservation waned in the 1980s, few doubt that the issue will emerge again when oil scarcities loom, as they did in the 1970s. future possibilities include automobiles with far greater fuel efficiency and improved mass-transit systems. Both will occur not only in response to oil-supply disruption, but also as an answer to increasing demands for cleaner air. Improvements in mass transit offer the most promise for the future. Amtrak‘s 1993 introduction of the Swedish high-speed ―tilting train‖should cut travel time between some East Coast cities by almost half, once tracks are entirely electrified.
21. From the first paragraph, it can be inferred that transport exerts a great influence
on all the following EXCET_____.
(A) economic development
(B) living conditions
(C) industrial production
(D) political rights
22. The first significant progress in transport in ancient times was attributed to ____.
(A) the making of carts and wagons
(B) the construction of roads
(C) the invention of wheels
(D) the building of tracks
23. According to the passage, the railroad first appeared in _____.
(A) China (B) England
(C) Crete (D) Egypt
24. It can be concluded from the passage that ____.
(A) there had been oil crises in the 1970s
(B) the motor vehicles played a leading role in the decline of railroads
(C) automobiles were more important than railroads
(D) environmental protection was major concern in developing transport
25. What dose the passage say about the ―tilting train‖?
(A) It can carry more freight than other vehicles.
(B) It requires its tracks to be electrical.
(C) Its speed demands cleaner air.
(D) Its cost is very low.
Questions 28-30
A visitor from Barcelona arrives at a Madrid government office in mid-afternoon. And is surprised to find only the cleaning lady there. ―Don‘t they work in the afternoons ?‖he asks. ―no, ‖she replies, ―they don‘t work in the mornings. In the afternoons they don‘t come.‖
Lazy Madrid, busy Barcelona: it is just one of many stereotypes about Spain‘s great rivals. Mostly, the stereotypes are born of Barcelona‘s bitterness at its second-class status. Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia, a proudly autonomous region, but Madrid is the capital of Spain. This causes resentment. It makes Barcelona the largest city in Western Europe not to be a national capital. Worse, Barcelona (Catalonia‘s capital since the ninth century) regards Madrid (a creation of Philip Ⅱ in the 16th century) as an upstart.
And, after being bossed about for so long, who can blame them? Over the years governments in Madrid did their best to strip Barcelona of political power. They tried to squash the Catalan Language. They even decided what the modern city should look
like: in 1860 an order from Madrid overruled Barcelona‘s choice of plan for its big expansion, and opted for a grid layout.
Barcelona has the liberalism that often characterizes port cities. As Catalans see is. While Madrid bathes in bureaucracy, Barcelona gets on with business. An old-fashioned seriousness in Madrid, isolated high up on Spain‘s central plateau, contrasts with the light-heartedness of Barcelona, open to Europe and aggressively avant-garde.
Upon to a point, these old caricatures still hold true. No visitor to government buildings in the two cities can fail to be struck by the contrast between them. In Madrid, there are creaky wooden floord, antique furniture and walls covered with paintings by Spanish old masters. In Barcelona, the city of Gaudi and Miro, designer chairs and tables are evidence of the place‘s obsession with modernism. Meetings of the Catalan cabinet are held in room with a large, modern painting by Antoni Tapies.
And yet, these days, the similarities be two cities are at least striking as the contrasts. Madrid is hardly lazy any more. Visitors find it hard to keep up with the pace of the place. Nor is it old-fashioned. Indeed, it has become almost outrageously modern. To judge by the local cuisine, you would think the place was a port: although far from the sea, seafood is a miraculous Madrid speciality.
As banks and business have been drawn to Madrid and industrial centre as an administrative one. Barcelona, meanwhile, in Spain‘s traditional industrial heartland, has been experiencing a rise in bureaucracy.
The rivalry between Madrid and Barcelona is bound to remain fierce, not least on the soccer field, where Real Madrid and Barcelona compete for Spanish supremacy. Barcelona will continue to press for yet more power to be devolved to it from Madrid: it is calling for the Senate, Spain‘s upper house of parliament, to be moved to the Catalan capital. But with a lot of local autonomy restored, and with the success of the 1992 Olympics behind it, the chip on Barcelona‘s shoulder is becoming ever harder to detect.
26. Which of the following best illustrates the stereotypes about Madrid and Barcelona?
(A) Madrid government officials never come to the office in the afternoon.
(B) Barcelona is an efficient and less bureaucratic place for business dealings.
(C) People in Barcelona are very resentful at Madrid‘s being the capital city.
(D) Barcelona is the largest city in Western Europe but it failed to claim its right
status.
27. Historically, Barcelona has regarded Madrid as ______.
(A) less bureaucratic (B)inferior
(C) a newcomer (D) less funny
28. How did governments in Madrid deliberately strip Barcelona of political power?
(A) They strongly opposed a grid layout in Barcelona which confines the city in
its original space.
(B) They gave the priority to the Catalan language rather than Spanish.
(C) They turned down Barcelona‘s proposal for its expansion.
(D) They ridiculed Barcelona‘s second-class status.
29. Which of the following is the most likely caricature of Spain‘s capital city?
(A) Government houses have dilapidated wooden floor, antique furniture and old
paintings.
(B) The polished wooden floors and designer chairs and tables are the symbols of
government houses.
(C) Meetings of the Cabinet are held in room with a large, modern painting by
Antoni Tapies.
(D) It has all the hustle and bustle because of its political superiority.
30. Nowadays people in Barcelona feel more ______ Madrid as they used to.
(A) afraid of (B) hateful of
(C) obsessed with (D) competitive with
ECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1)
(30minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Americans have come to expect a lot of their presidents, more perhaps than any can deliver. We say that the president runs the country, but in practice, presidents have trouble running large parts of the government. We hold the president responsible for
the economy, even though he has few economic levers at his command. We expect the commander in chief to lead us to victory in war, and then we complain when we think he is micromanaging the military.
And we tend to think of the president as the personification of the nation he leads. Few other democracies combine the position of head of government and head of state. We do, and some of the bitterness of our politics spring from the conviction of many Americans that this of that president does not really represent their country. Yet as we look back at our presidents, we see them less as partisan politicians than as national leaders, who in different ways have helped develop the strengths and virtues of our nation.
SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2)
(30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
有人把香港说成是“文化沙漠”。实际上，香港有着其独特的文化氛围。在电影制作方面，香港名列世界前茅，其流行歌曲在全球华人中有着广泛的影响，而且还有8所知名的大学。
这座城市特殊的历史和地理因素造就了一种多样化的文化。每年一度由政府主办的艺术嘉年华为当地艺术家展示其独创性提供了一个广阔的平台，并鼓励更多人参与文化艺术创作，为中国的文华繁荣作出了许多创新和突破。
2005年3月上海市中级口译笔试真题答案
Part A: Spot dictation
1) hardened criminals 2) possible solution 3) committed an offence 4) plead guilty 5) the juvenile court‘s permission6) of the same age 7) determine a sentence 8) clear 9) performing 10) agree to accept 11) oversee the proceeding 12) regular court system 13) 426 communities 14) a chance to participate 15) educate and motivate 16) better communication 17)
alternative 18) recognize 19) a respect for themselves 20) legal system
Part B: Listening Comprehension
1-5 CBDCA 6-10 ACBAC
11-15 CDACA 16-20 DDBDA
21-25 CBBBA 26-30 CDCAD
Part C 1. Sentence Traslation
1) People are now ordering and purchasing virtually everything over the Internet. Books, compact disks even stocks are available from websites that seem to spring up almost daily.
现在人们几乎在网上订购和购买所有的东西。在网上几乎每天都会出现新的网页，书本，碟片，甚至是股票都能在网上买到。
2) It was supposed to be a short briefing, but it lasted 3 hours. We were all exhausted when we stepped out of the conference room, all except chair person.
原本只是一个简短的任务布置会却开了3个小时。除了会议主席以外，我们所有的人走出会议室时都已经累垮了。
3) I have thought to give our nation a new kind of government, smaller, more modern and more effective, always putting people first, always focusing on the future.
我想过在我们的祖国建立一个新的政府，一个更小型的，更先进，更有效的政府，而且总是把人民放在首位，总是放眼未来。
4）Thanks to the continuing boom and technology shares on the stock market, this year, the richest have added 5 billion more to their wealth.
由于股票市场持续走高和科技股的出现，和去年相比，今年的首富们多赚了50亿。
5) According to a recent survey, about 65% of British couples get married in a church, most people who die get a Christian funeral, but less than 20% go regularly to church. 根据最近的一项调查统计，在英国，有65%的新人在教堂里举行婚礼，大多数人死后的葬礼是基督教式的，但平时坚持去教堂的人20%都不到。
2. Passage Translation
1) If you are born into an American family ranking in the top 10 of income, chances are 1 in 3 that you‘ll stay there. If you‘re born into a family of bottom 1/10, however, chances are more rare that you‘ll ever reach the top. So much for equality of opportunity, in America as elsewhere in the world, the rich always get richer, and the poor can hardly get by. The widening gap between the rich and the poor is everyone‘s problem and everyone‘s responsibility.
如果你出生在美国收入排名前十的家庭里，你的收入也排名在美国前十的概率是三分之一。如果你出生所在的家庭的收入属于最低的十分之一，那么，你成为首富的可能微乎其微。机会是平等的，这句话虽然没错，但不管是在美国还是在别的国家，富人越来越富，穷人却难以度日。富人和穷人之间的差距越拉越大，这是关系每个人的问题，而减小这个差距也是每个人的责任。
2) The credit card industry is only about 50 years‘ old. Some credit cards have offered real convenience. Those accepting credit cards include hospitals for open-heart surgery and the federal government for income taxes. Instead of saving for a washing machine or computer, some people merely charge them. They do not realize that it may cost them more to charge than to pay cash. Because of the easy excess to credit,
many Americans today are over their heads in debt.
信用卡业务已经发展了50个年头了。有的信用卡的确为人们提供了方便。医院的心脏手术费可以用信用卡支付，政府的个人所得税也可以用信用卡缴纳。如果要买洗衣机或电脑，有的人就不再存钱去买，而是使用贷款的方式购买。他们没有意识到贷款比用现金购买实际支付了更多的钱。只因为信用卡到处都能用，现在许多美国人到处都欠债。
阅读答案:
1-5 BBCAA 6-10 CDDCD 11- 15 CDABA 16 -20 DDBAC
21-25 DCBAB 26-30 DBCAD
英翻中
美国人对总统的期望值越来越高，高于他们的能力所及。我们认为，总统治理着国家，但是实际上，总统在处理大部分政府事务时存在着很多困难。我们也认为，总统应对国家的经济发展负责。即使他们掌控的经济调节杠杆很有限。我们希望，总司令能在战争中带领我们走向胜利。但是，当我们认为他们失去对军事的大局控制的时候，有牢骚满腹。我们往往认为，总统是他领导的国家的化身。在别的民主国家的政治体制中，很少有人同时兼任政府首领和国家首领。但是我们却是这样。我们政治中让人心痛的地方来自于美国人的信念。他们认为，无论哪个总统都不能真正代表他们的国家。但是当我们回顾历届总统的时候，我们并不把他们看成某个党派的政治家，而是看作整个国家的首领。他们以自己不同的方式来发展我们的实力和美德。
汉译英：
Some people disparage/ describe Hong Kong as a ―cultural desert‖. Hong Kong has actually exhibited a unique cultural landscape embedded with Hong Kong characteristics/ a unique culture with Hong Kong characteristics. Hong Kong‘s film production stays ahead/ ranks among the best in the world, and its pop songs have widely influenced Chinese around the world. Besides, it has (established) 8 famous universities.
The city‘s special historical and geographical traits have contributed to a diverse culture. The annual Art Carnival sponsored by the (SAR) government provides a
wide/ broad platform for local artists to showcase their originality and encourages more people to be involved in cultural and artistic endeavors/ activities. (The literary and artistic circles of) Hong Kong have made a lot of innovations and breakthroughs for the prosperity/ enrichment of Chinese culture.
沪江英语绿宝书之 2011年3月上海中级口译考试 听力原文及解析 SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. My topic for today?s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another?s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior. So can age. The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It?s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate.A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, …culture is communication and communication is culture.?
上海中级口译考试怎样准备？ 中口考试分为两阶段。第一阶段笔试，一般在每年3月和9月中旬周日下午，时间150分钟，总分250分。共分四部分： 第一部分听力90分，分为三部分，均为30分。Part A是复合式听写，20个空，跟四六级考试有点类似，但区别在于全文只能听一遍，每个空要填2-4个单词，语速大约130词/分。Part B是听力理解，包括单句理解，长对话和短文。单句理解就是从四个选项中找出和所听到的句子意思最接近的一个，长对话和短文与四六级差不多。Part C是听译，分为单句听译和篇章听译，都是英译汉，即听力放英语句子和文章，然后留出一段时间，考生写出汉语翻译。 第二部分阅读60分，六篇文章，每篇文章后5个选择题。 第三部分英译汉50分，第四部分汉译英50分，要求考生不借助任何词典、参考资料和其它媒介，将一篇长度为180个单词（汉字）左右的英（汉）语文章段落译成汉（英）语。译文需忠实原文的意思，且语言通顺，符合译语规范。 合格为150分。凡第一阶段合格的考生方可参加第二阶段口试。笔试成绩两年内有效，即笔试通过后可以参加四次口试，只要任何一次通过即可拿到口译证书。 第二阶段口试，每年5月和11月，共分两部分：口语与口译。口语部分要求考生就指定话题作三分钟左右的命题发言，话题后面有三个提示问题，但不要求一定要按照问题阐述观点。考生拿到口语试题后有五分钟的准备时间。口译分英译汉和汉译英两部分，每部分均要求口译主题各不相同的两个段落。各两段，每段四断，每断两或三句，每断单独评分。答对11句及以上可以通过。 考生只有在通过笔试和口试两个阶段以后才能获得《上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书》。考试的指定培训教材：《中级听力教程》（周国强编著），《中级阅读教程》（陈汉生编著），《中级翻译教程》（孙万彪、冯慎宇编著），《中级口语教程》（严诚忠、朱妙南编著），《中级口译教程》（梅德明编著），均由上海外语教育出版社出版。听力和口译教程配有磁带，mp3网上可以下载到。 推荐参考书：《中级口译真题解析》，同济大学出版社，内有八套真题并配有详细解析，必买；新东方口试考试培训班指定辅导用书系列，汪海涛、邱政政主编，世界图书出版公司，一套四本，中口用到《词汇必备》，《口试备考精要》和《中口笔试备考精要》三本；《英语中级口译实用教程》，康志峰主编，华东理工大学出版社；《英语中高级口译笔试冲刺》和《口试导考》，都是谭宝泉编著，前者是上海译文出版社，后者是东华大学出版社；《实战口译》，（英）林超伦编著，外语教学与研究出版社，讲口译速记符号的。 考试准备 1.背单词 单词是肯定要背的。口译的准备一般从寒假开始，这时离你四六级考试或英语期末考试结束已经有一段时间了，背单词可以唤醒你丧失的英语记忆。而且上面也提到口译单词涉及到诸多方面，其中绝大部分都是具有中国特色、与我国现阶段国情紧密相关的，社会实用性很强，这些都是大学英语教学所欠缺的。有些单词你可能以前都没有接触过，通过背单词，可以初步了解口译考试的考点。 我用的是新东方的《中/高级口译考试词汇必备》，这也是迄今为止我所知道的最好的口译单词书。它打破了单词书按字母顺序编写的常规，将口译常用单词和词组分为若干类，既有英译中，也有中译英，充分考虑了口译的双向性。所选内容除了来自教程外，还参考了国内外多种资料和媒体，很多翻译（特别是对外口径）都是“权威”表达。 背单词点到为止，千万不要花太多时间，毕竟考试不是考默写单词。另外这本单词书有不少
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(4) Questions 16-20 We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men. Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information. The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their
历年上海中级口译听力部分录音文稿（97.3 － 08.9） 97．3 SECTION 1：LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation The development of the Space Shuttle has dramatically reduced the cost of sending loads into space. The Shuttle takes off from Earth like a rocket, and lands again like a huge aircraft. It can transport not only its own crew, but also passengers, and has a huge cargo-hold which is capable of carrying large satellites or a space laboratory. Before the Space Shuttle was created, it was necessary to plan trips into space several years in advance. However, for the rest of the century it should be possible to make space flights every week or so. Any scientist or engineer needing to travel into orbit will simply take the next Shuttle flight, stay as long as necessary, and then return at his or her convenience. It is difficult to imagine the immense opportunities created by the Shuttle. One of the great advantages of having a reusable space vehicle is that it can take one load after another into orbit. Very large space stations could not be launched in their complete form directly from Earth, but they could be built piece by piece in space. The Space Shuttle is likely to be used as a general ―workhorse‖ for the rest of this century, and the building of such stations in orbit should become commonplace. Once these huge orbiting space stations are completed, they are likely to become the platforms from which hundreds of robot space ships could be launched cheaply and easily to explore the solar system and to start mining operations on the Moon. The technology needed for this is already developed and available. And because of commercial and military pressures to develop space technology, it is likely that governments will be increasingly willing to start extensive programs of space engineering, exploration and research. Part B: Listening Comprehension Ⅰ. Statements Question No. 1. Jane remained in London for the summer. Question No. 2. Daniel requested that he be transferred to Tokyo to start a new branch. Question No. 3. According to our correspondent, the rain has flooded several areas of South India. Question No. 4. Jason ran across his former college teacher during a business trip to Chicago. Question No. 5. The plane was due at 9：30, but has been delayed half an hour. Question No. 6. I‘d have bought Smith‘s computer if I had known he was selling it. Question No. 7. Please let me know whether you will come to the meeting or not. Question No. 8. May I suggest Friday for our trip to Hong Kong? Question No. 9. We tried to persuade him not to go to Australia, but in vain. Question No. 10. When they were searching the area, the police all but caught the thieves. Ⅱ. Talks and Conversations Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following announcement. This is the final for Olympic Airways to Athens flight number OA260. Any remaining passengers must go immediately to gate 2 where the flight is now closing. Olympic Airways flight number OA 260 closing now at gate 2. Scandinavian Airlines to Stockholm, flight number Sk528 now boarding at gate 4. Passengers to New York. British Airways regret to advise a delay of 35 minutes on their flight number BA175 to New York. That is a delay of 35 minutes on British Airways flight number BA 175 to New York. Austrian Airlines to Vienna, flight number OS455 now boarding at gate 8. Austrian Airlines flight number OS455 boarding now at gate 8. Question No.11. Where is this announcement most probably made? Question No.12. Which of the following statements is true about a about the Qlympic Airways
历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案 原文： 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 译文： An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析： 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一
历年上海英语中级口译翻译英译汉真题及答案 原文： 出自Newsweek Why We Must Fire Bad Teachers The relative decline of American education at the elementary- and high-school levels has long been a national embarrassment as well as a threat to the nation’s future. Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world. Now, ranked against European schoolchildren, America does about as well as Lithuania, behind at least 10 other nations. For much of this time—roughly the last half century—professional educators believed that if they could only find the right pedagogy, the right method of instruction, all would be well. They tried New Math, open classrooms, Whole Language—but nothing seemed to achieve significant or lasting improvements. Yet in recent years researchers have discovered something that may seem obvious, but for many reasons was overlooked or denied. What really makes a difference, what matters more than the class size or the textbook, the teaching method or the technology, or even the curriculum, is the quality of the teacher. Much of the ability to teach is innate—an ability to inspire young minds as well as control unruly classrooms that some people instinctively possess (and some people definitely do not). Teaching can be taught, to some degree, but not the way many graduate schools of education do it, with a lot of insipid or marginally relevant theorizing and pedagogy. In any case the research shows that within about five years, you can generally tell who is a good teacher and who is not. 我们为什么必须叫停“不称职”的老师?
1上海市英语中级口译证书第二阶段考试试题集锦 (201009) 口语题 Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 3 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with “My name is…”，”My registration number is…” Topic: Can shopping vouchers increase consumption? Questions for Reference: 1.To stimulate consumption, which is more effective, tax reduction or shopping vouchers? 2.What are the major purposes of issuing shopping vouchers? 3.In what way can the shopping vouchers best be distributes? Shall every citizen be given the same amount of shopping vouchers or should the vouchers be limited to the lower-income people only? 口译题 Part A Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal…and stop it at the signal…You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage. Passage 1 As for us Americans, you may think that we give too much importance to individualism and personal gains, so much so that it might sacrifice collective benefits, and even bring harm to the harmony of the society.// Yes, but you don’t have to be worried. American work ethic is more individual-oriented. We often value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process.// If I am not mistaken, the traditional Chinese work ethic is based on Confucianism, which stresses the benefit of communal harmony rather than individual freedom.// It’s really very hard to say which is better because if the cultural differences. With the economic globalization, cultural exchanges have become more and more extensive and Americans and Chinese will know and understand each other better. 至于我们美国人，你们会感到我们太看重个人主义，太看重个人利益，这样可能会牺牲集体的利益，甚至会损害社会的和谐。// 是的，但你们不必担忧。我们美国人的工作理念更强调个人主义。我们一般重视的是结果和成就，而不是过程。// 如果我没理解错的话，中国传统的够工作理念是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐高于个体自由。// 由于文化差异的存在，真的很难说哪种理念更好。随着经济全球化，文化交流也随之变得越来越广泛，美国人民和中国人民将会更加互相了解和理解。
2013年3月上海中级口译考试翻译真题及答案解析汇总 【原文】 朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。 漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。 【参考译文】 Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China. 【评析】 该篇翻译属于经典话题，类似于上海城市介绍，考生如果熟悉教材，注意积累相关句型词汇，特别是对“朝气蓬勃、充满活力dynamic, diverse and stimulating、缩影epitome、遗迹heritage、城市风貌cosmopolitan feel、万国建筑varied architectural styles”等常考的表达，应该可以顺利取得高分。 If you’ve ever been on a jury, you might have noticed that a funny thing happens the minute you get behind closed doors. Everybody starts talking about themselves. They say what they would have done if they had been the plaintiff or the defendant. Being on a jury reminds me why I can’t tolerate talk radio. We Americans seem to have lost the ability to talk about anything but our own experiences. We can’t seem to generalize without stereotyping or to consider evidence that goes against our own experience. I heard a doctor on a radio show talking about a study that found that exercise reduces the incidence of Alzheimer’s. And caller after caller couldn’t wait to make essentially the opposite point: “Well, my grandmother never exercised and she lived to 95.”We are in an age summed up by the saying: “I experience, therefore I’m right.”Historically, the hallmarks of an uneducated person were the lack of ability to think critically, to use deductive reasoning to distinguish the personal from the universal. Now that seems an apt description of many Americans. 【参考译文】 如果你曾经当过陪审员，你可能会注意到一件有趣的事情：一旦关上了门，所有人就开始谈论他们自己。他们会讨论，如果自己是原告或被告的话会做什么。担任陪审员的经历让我明白了我为什么无法忍受谈话性的广播节目。我们美国人似乎只剩下了谈论自己经历的能力。我们似乎无法抛开固有的成见进行总结，也无法客观地分析与自身经历相悖的证据。 我曾听过一位医生在之声节目上讲述一项研究，该研究发现锻炼能降低阿兹海默症（老
中级口译历年真题--翻译篇 2012年春季（3月） 英译汉原文： When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960′s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it we re the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. 英译汉参考译文： 我年轻的时候，有本非常好的杂志《全球目录》，这是我们那代人的“圣经”之一。杂志的创办人是斯图尔特·布兰德，创办地是在离这里不远的门罗公园，他赋予了这本杂志诗一样的美感。六十年代后期，个人电脑和桌面排版尚未出现，所以这本杂志完全利用打字机、剪刀、偏光镜来完成，有点像平装本的谷歌，却出现在谷歌问世三十五年前。这本杂志充满了理想色彩，充满了整齐利落的工具、不同寻常的见解。 斯图尔特和他的团队出版了几期《全球目录》，在它完成使命后，他们出版了最后一期杂志。那是在七十年代中期，那时我和你们的年龄相仿。杂志最后一期的封底上是张清晨的乡村公路的照片，那样的路，如果你有些冒险精神，可能会一路搭车走过。照片下面有两句话：“求知若饥，虚怀若愚”，这是他们停刊的告别语，“求知若饥，虚怀若愚”，我总是以此鼓励自己。现在，当你们即将毕业踏上新的旅程，我给予你们同样的期望。 翻译评析： 这篇短文取自于乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲。语言比较口语化，词汇不难。因为是演讲类短文，所以考生在翻译的时候大可以顺序驱动。节选的这个短文有几处的词汇和短语大家可以注意下： poetic：充满诗情画意的 idealistic: 理想主义的 run his course: 完成使命 hitchhiking: 搭乘 sign off: 停止签发，停止 汉译英： 吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。 瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。 参考译文： Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31st in every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well