过去完成时
一、概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前那时现在
二、构成
过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
例如：
1) They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。
2) H e didn’t go to bed until he had finished he work.
他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
三、用法
1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在
“过去的过去”。
例如：
1) When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
2) He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。
2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一
动作相比较时才使用它。
例如：
1) She told me that she had written a new novel.
她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。(had written 发生在told 之前)
2) I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。
3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此
时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
例如：
1) Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five
years.
艾米来中国之前，在一所中学已经教了五年英语。
2) Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven.
汤姆在七岁时已经集了300多张中国邮票。
4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，
而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。
例如：
1) By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years.
去年年底时，爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。（had worked 已有了20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）
2) By six o’clock he had worked eleven hours. 到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。
5.动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希
望，打算或意图等。
例如：
1) I had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
我本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
2) They had hoped to be able to come and see you.
他们本来希望能来看看你。
6.过去完成时还可用在hardly … when …, no sooner… than …, It was the first (second, etc)
time (that) …等固定句型中。
例如：
1) Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
2) No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
3) It was the third time that she had been out of work that year.
这是她那一年第三次失业了。
现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。
例如：
1) I have cleaned the classroom.
我打扫干净教室了。（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）
2) They have lived here for twenty years.
他们住在这二十年了。（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
3) We have lived in Beijing since we came China.
自我们来中国就住在北京了。（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。
例如：
1) Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China.
史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。(“来”中国已成过去，而先前“住”
在纽约就是过去的过去！）
2) We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term.
在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。
（“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了！）
过去完成时专项练习
一、单项填空
1. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already ____to hospital.
A. has; been sent
B. had; sent
C. has; sent
D. had; been sent
2. The students _______ several new English songs by the end of last term.
A. had learned
B. learned
C. have learned
D. will have learned
3. Lu Mei told me she _____breakfast, so she was very hungry after having two classes.
A. has had
B. hasn't have
C. have had
D. hadn't had
4. Hardly ______ to the bus stop when the bus left, which drove them crazy.
A did they get
B they got
C had they got
D has they got
5. She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.
A has left; comes
B had left; would come
C had left; came
D left; had come
6. Mr. Black said that it was at least ten years since he _____a good drink.
A had enjoyed
B was enjoying
C have enjoyed
D have been enjoying
7. I ______ to catch the first train but I got up too late this morning.
A. hoping
B. had hoped
C. has hoped
D. would hope
8. Dr. Brown was very disappointed that one third of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.
A. left; had arrived
B. left; arrived
C. had left; had arrived
D. had left; arrived
9. Tom first met me 10 years ago. I______ in a radio factory at that time.
A. had worked
B. have worked
C. was working
D. has been working
10. ---- What ______ when I phoned you?
---- I ______ my work, and wanted to go out for a walk.
A. have you done; finished
B. were you doing; have finished
C. did you do; had just finished
D. were you doing; had just finished
11. It is very clear that you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn
B. wore
C. were wearing
D. are wearing
12. ---- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.
---- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.
A. had expected; had intended
B. are expecting; had intended
C. expect; intend
D. expected; intend
13. ---Alice came back home the day before yesterday.
---Really? Where ______?
A. has she been
B. had she been
C. has she gone
D. had she gone
14. Mr. Green and I are familiar with each other; we ______ to each other at an international
conference.
A. are introduced
B. are being introduced
C. were introduced
D. had been introduced
15. --- Did he notice you enter the room?
--- I don’t think so. He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut.
A. listened
B. was listening
C. has listened
D. had listened
16. Tom and Jack met again in the street that day. Until then, they _____ each other for nearly two
years.
A. d idn’t see
B. hadn’t seen
C. haven’t seen
D. haven’t been seen
17. ---Jane, do you still remember the first time we met?
---Of course I do. You ______ in the library.
A. were reading
B. had read
C. have read
D. read
18. A lot of my friends want to buy that kind of cloth because they _____ the cloth ______ well.
A. have told; washes
B. have been told; washes
C. was told; washed
D. have been told; is washed
19. The young professor talked for about nearly two hours yesterday. Never ______ him talk so
much.
A.I heard
B. did I hear
C.I had heard
D. had I heard
20. Ms Wang ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.
A. has no sooner got
B. had hardly got
C. no sooner got
D. had no sooner got
21. My dictionary ______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______it.
A. has lost; don’t find
B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found
D. is missing; haven’t found
22. --- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?
--- Of course. What is it?
--- I ______ if you could take me to the station.
A. would wonder
B. did wonder
C. was wondering
D. had wondered
23. ---Hi, Liu Tao. I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren’t in.
---Oh, I ______ regular exercise at the club.
A. did
B. was doing
C. had done D have been doing
24. All the policemen’s atten tion was suddenly caught by a small dusty box which____ placed in
the corner of the room.
A. has been
B. was being
C. had been
D. would be
25. By the time I got home yesterday, my husband _______ cooking the dinner.
A. had finished
B. finished
C. has finished
D. finishes
26. My friend asked me whether it was the first time that I ______ skiing.
A. went
B. has gone
C. had gone
D. would go
27. To everyone’s surprise, Mr Smith’s son s pent much more money than he ______ on the
journey.
A. will plan
B. has planned
C. would plan
D. had planned
28. If he ________ to the meeting yesterday, I would have met him.
A. had come
B. came
C. would come
D. was coming
29. I was late for the interview yesterday. I ________ the road to be so crowded.
A. wouldn’t expect
B. haven’t expected
C. wasn’t expecting
D. hadn’t expect ed
30. ---How long had the hotel _______ fire when the firemen got there?
---For an hour or so.
A. caught
B. been caught
C. been on
D. been catching
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1 By the time we got to the airport, the plane _______ (take) off.
2 The children ________ (have) the book for two weeks before they returned it to the library.
3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here.
4 When I woke up this morning, I found that it ________ (stop) snowing.
5 The boy _____ (not watch) the movie because he had watched it twice.
6 Kate told me that it was the second time that she _______ (go) skating.
7 When Jim _____ (come) to China two years ago, he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country.
8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____ (not see) each other since we left Beijing.
9 If you _______ (work) harder, you would have passed the examination.
10 No sooner had we got there than it ______ (begin) to rain.
三、句子改错
1. When she got home last night, her three children went to bed.
2. I didn't go to see the firm because I saw it before.
3. The wind was still blowing, but the rain has stopped.
4. By the end of last term we learned about 1,500 English words.
5. Jim got seriously ill. He didn’t eaten anything since Tuesday.
四、中译英
1. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始十分钟了。
2.他们本来计划在上个周末前到达中国的。
3. 火车开出之前，所有的参观者就已经到了车站。
4. 我告诉了我美国的朋友在过去的三十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。
5. 我原以为这是他第一次迟到。
五、真题回顾
1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.
A. sold
B. had been sold
C. were sold
D. would sell
2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ___ there several years ago.
A. are going
B. had been
C. went
D. have been
3. ----Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.
----Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.
A. have just thought
B. was just thinking
C. would just think
D. will just be thinking
4. ----Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
----I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to
B. didn’t
C. was going to
D. wouldn’t
5. ----Did you tidy your room?
---- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.
A. had
B. have
C. have had
D. will have
6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _____ in the past years.
A. discovered
B. have discovered
C. had been discovered
D. have been discovered
7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
A. had got
B. got
C. have got
D. get
8. ---Did Peter fix the computer himself?
---He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.
A. has it fixed
B. had fixed it
C. had it fixed
D. fixed it
9. I got caught in the rain and my suit ____.
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
10. ---It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
---Oh, don’t mention it. I _____ past your house anyway.
A. was coming
B. will come
C. had come
D. have come
11. ---I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
---Impossible. She ____TV with me in my home then.
A. watched
B. had watched
C. would watch
D. was watching
12. As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations—________ with Dad’s
flowers.
A. are marked
B. were marked
C. have marked
D. had marked
13. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______
A. has been reached
B. had been reached
C. has reached
D. had reached
14. ---you ＿＿him around the museum yet?
---Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have; shown
B. Do; show
C. Had; shown
D. Did; show
15. I ____ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.
A. would be
B. have been
C. had been
D. will be
参考答案
一、单项填空
1----5 DADCC 6----10 ABDCD 11----15 AABCB 16----20 BABDD
21----25 DCBCA 26----30 CDADC
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. had taken
2. had had
3. had studied
4. had stopped
5. didn’t watch
6. had gone
7. came; had learned
8. hadn’t seen
9. had worked 10. began
三、句子改错
1. went 改成had gone
2. saw 改成had seen
3. has stopped 改成had stopped
4. learned 改成had learned
5. didn’t 改成hadn’t
四、中译英
1. When we got to the cinema, the movie had already been on for ten minutes.
2. They had planned to reach China before the end of last week.
3. All the visitors had got to the station before the train set off.
4. I told my American friends that great changes had taken place in China over the past 30 years.
5. I thought this was the first time that he had been late.
五、真题回顾
1----5 CDBCA 6----10 DBACA 11----15 DBBAC
过去完成时语法精讲 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. # She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如： 】 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： ] When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 【 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
第一章动词之时态 第三节过去完成时 教学时间：2课时 教学目标：通过本次课的学习，使学生理解过去完成时的形式意义，明白一般过去时和过去完成时的区别，并能写出结构语法正确的现在完成时。 教学重点：过去完成时的意义和与一般过去式的区别。 教学步骤： 一.导入 回顾现在完成时 现在完成时的意义：过去发生的动作对现在的影响或从过去开始发生一直持续到现在，着眼点为现在。 二.讲解 1). 过去完成时的形式和意义 回顾： 一般现在时： 主语 + do/does 或 be 一般过去时： 主语 + did或 was/were
现在完成时： 主语 + have/has + done 过去完成时： 主语 + had + done 课堂练习1：划线识别题（划出下列过去完成时的用法） 1.I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 2.She had left before her parents arrived. 3.We had learned English for 5years by the end of last month. 过去完成时的意义： 引例句： ?他们去年结婚了。 ?They got married last year. ?截止到去年他们已经恋爱五年了。 ?They had been in love for five years by last year. 过去完成时的意义: 当表示过去某一动作发生之前就已经完成的一动作即“过去的过去”时，用过去完成时。 用法： 1.截止到上个月，我就已经学了5000单词了。 I had learned 5000 thousand words by the end of last month. 介词by + 一般过去时的短语或句子，表示在…之前。 By the end of last week, he had wrriten ten books. By the time he was ten, he had made a lot of money. 2.她说她已经吃过早饭了。 She said she had had breakfast. 过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, thought等动词的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 练习： She said she ______ (see) the film before.
初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin g. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone
过去完成时专项练习 1. 1. 单项选择 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
1) 概念：表示过去的过去 ----|-------|-----|---- 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前那时现在 2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此 前一句应用过去进行时。 注意：had no …when 还没等……就…… had no sooner…than 刚……就…… He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
过去完成时态 （一）定义：①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。发生在前的那个动作【过去的过去】 （二）基本结构：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ ⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词 （三）用法： （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
过去完成时 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例；By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨天晚上9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 例；I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站已经等了20分钟,一辆公共汽车终于来了。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说他自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补充以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例；Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天就去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例；I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost.她发现她失去了的钥匙。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例；He said that he had known her well.他说他早就很了解她了。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，“发生在过去的过去”，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 e.g：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after 的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 e.g：After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 e.g：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardly when no sooner than It was the first
【初中语法系列】过去完成时，过去的过去！对于理解过去完成时来说，其要义只有一点，那就“过去的过去”。 一.过去完成时的概念与结构 概念： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 构成： “助动词had +过去分词”，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃过了早饭。 二.过去完成时的用法 1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。例如： When I woke up, it had stopped raing. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去”） 2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。例如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底为止，他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。（到去年年底为止已工作了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能） 三.过去完成时的判断依据 1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1）by +过去的时间点，例如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 到昨天晚上九点钟为止，我已经读完了这本小说。 （2）by the end of +过去的时间点，例如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了两千多单词。 （3）before +过去的时间点，例如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在xx之前，他们已经植了六百棵树。 2.由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。例如： She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她之前看过这部电影。 （2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如：
人教版英语过去完成时的用法大全附答案 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．By the time I got to school, I realized that I ________ my backpack at home. A. have forgotten B. had forgotten C. have left D. had left 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我到学校的时候，我意识到我把书包忘在家里。考查过去完成时。by the time：到…时候为止；通常引导一个时间状语从句，表示“到……的时候为止”主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。值得注意的是，当从句用过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。Leave sth. Sp.：把…落在某地。结合句意和语境可知选D。 【点评】此题考查过去完成时的用法。 2．Mary thought of the party which she___________ for this day. A. plan B. planned C. had planned D. would plan 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：玛丽想起了她今天计划的聚会。plan的动作发生在thought of的动作之前，表示过去的过去，要用过去完成时had+过去分词。故选C。 【点评】考查过去完成时的构成和用法。注意过去完成时表示过去的过去含义。 3．The bus ______ for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station. A. went B. has left C. had left D. had been away 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：当迪姆到达车站时，公交离开了五分钟了。表示到达车站前已经发生或完成的动作，句子用过去完成时态；leave是一个非延续性的动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for…连用，可以表达成be away，形容词表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。故选D。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时以及延续性动词的用法。 4．The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, for she before. A. didn't fly B. hasn't flown C. hadn't flown D. wasn't flying 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：飞机上坐在我旁边的女孩很紧张，因为她以前没有坐过飞机。根据上文的句子The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous的一般过去时态可知，这里空白处所表示的是过去的过去，谓语应该用过去完成时态：had+动词的过去分词。根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查过去完成时态。掌握过去完成的意义和用法：表示过去的过去的动作或状
初二英语语法真题讲义 主讲：王川 欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材 第二部分历届试题精选 Unit 1 1. jack, good boy! Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2.This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D.不填 冠词 不定冠词
零冠词 3. —How many ________ can you see in the following pictures? —Three. A. boys B. animals C. films D. buildings 4. Timmy goes to school ________ every day. It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 5. Everything is ________ at night markets. You don't need a lot of money to have a good time. A. cheap B. bad C. tired D. dear 6. —Excuse me, ________ is the nearest bookshop? —Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who 7. The sign tells us ________. A. NO SMOKING B. NO PARKING C. NO PHOTOS D. NO FOOD 8. —Can you play football? —Yes, I can, ________ I can't play it very well. 转折关系 A. or B. and C. so D. but 9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by internet ________ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 10. It is ________ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A .the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter 最高级要加the，由于hot为重读闭音节所以要双写t加est。 11. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let's join them! A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked 出现listen,look等词，优先考虑使用进行时态。 12. ________ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.
过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than...（刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭
现在完成时 1. 定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。 2. 构成：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词+ 其它. 3. 否定句：主语+ have/has + not + 动词的过去分词+ 其它. 4. 疑问句: have/has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词+其它 5. 用法（四种）： （1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例句：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. （过去的时间收到一封信，接下来可能会提到信上的内容，说明收到信的这个动作对现在有影响。）翻译：我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。 I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license. （2）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能持续下去。 例句：He has been there for six months. 翻译：我已经学了六年的英语了。 I have studied English for six years. （3）在时间或者条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。 例句：Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before.
翻译：我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。 I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work. （4）It has been + 一段时间+since 从句（从句是用一般过去时）。例句：It has been six months since Tim went to Australia. 翻译：玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。 It has been three days since Mary was ill. 练一练： 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市） A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard 3、—Where have you _______ these days？—I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends． A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone 4、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 5、His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 6、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 6. 现在完成时的标志 （1）以already, just，ever，never和yet为标志
1. cleaned the blackboard 2. closed the window ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had cleaned the closed the window now blackboard She had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window. After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window. 1. ran out of breath 2. drank water ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had run out drank water now of breath He had run out of breath before he drank water. After he had run out of breath, he drank water. 1. ate an apple 2. slept ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had eaten slept now an apple She had eaten an apple before she slept. After she had eaten an apple , she slept. 一、过去完成时定义： ②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前（过去的过去），即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。 He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。（因为“说”said就是过去式，而去北京的动作发生在说said 的过去，所以用过完而不用现完。
初中英语语法——过 去完成时
初中英语语法——过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时是一种相对状态，情调动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 1.过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式 过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式为：助动词had+过去分词。had在句中没有人称和数的变化。如： My father had left before I came here. My parents had begun to work by the time I got up. 2.过去完成时的用法 （1）表示在过去某时刻或在过去另一动作之前所完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。如： She had learned English before she came to English. I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing. （2）表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常与for或since引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。如： He had studied English for five years when he went to the middle school. He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. （3）过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。在宾语从句中，主句用了一般过去时，从句表示完成用过去完成时。如： He said he had been a soldier. They said they had seen the film. （4）表示过去未曾实现的希望或计划用过去完成时。如：
英语语法：过去完成时与过去一般时 的区别 过去完成时 过去完成时强调的是过某一时间或者另一动作前已完成的动作，因此一般须有一个过去的时间作参照标准或与另一过去的动作发生有先后关系。过去完成时也称“过去的过去”，而一般过去时仅表示动作或者状态在过去某时间发生，所以不能认为凡是过去发生的动作或状态都用过去完成时。例如：He had fallen ill when he finished the job. 当他完成这项工作时已经病倒 句子结构分析：He是主语，hadfallen ill是系表型谓语（had fallen是过去完成时形式），when引导时间状语从句，he是主语，finished是谓语（过去式），the job是宾语。 He fell ill three days after he returned from histrip.
他旅游回来三天后病倒了。 He had taught English for twenty years when heretired. 当他退休时，他已教英语二十年了。 He had taught English for twenty years after he graduated from college. 他大学毕业后教过二十年英语。 英语作业 一、在下列短文中，用适当的动词形式填入空格。 A1.The telephone (1) ___ (ring) and I(2)___ (pick) up the receiver. “Hullo，”I said. “Hullo，”said a voice. “Bill here. (3)___ (be) Betty there?” “I’m sorry，”I said，“you (4) ___ (get)the wrong number.” A few seconds later，the telephone (5)___ (ring) again. Just as I (6) ___ (expect)，it (7) ___ (be) Bill. “You (8)___ (make) a mistake again，”I (9) ___ (explain).