不定式的基本形式
动名词的基本形式
分词的一般形式
不定式和动名词做主语、宾语、表语、定语的区别
1．不定式和动名词做主语
1）To help each other is good.
________________to help each other.
2）__________________to understand him. （了解他很难）
3）To do that sort of thing is foolish
4) 对我们来说保持自然平衡是很必要的。
5）Reading English novels is really great fun.
It is no good/no use/useless/fun/interesing/hard/difficult
6）It is fun talking with a foreign teacher.
Tom’s going there saved us a good
7）There is no parking around here.
There is no telling // no knowing what will happen.
2 。不定式和动名词做宾语的区别
1) 只能接不定式做宾语的动词如下：
记忆窍门：Merdowph “磨豆腐”： manage, mean ；expect ; refuse ;decide ,determine , demand ,desire ;offer ;wish ,want ; pretend ,promise plan ;hope ,help ,happen .fail ;afford
2) 巧记跟动名词的口诀：
避免错过少延期，建议完成多练习，
喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，
逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。
avoid, miss, delay; suggest ,finish ,practice; enjoy, imagine ,resist(can’t help); admit, deny envy; escape, risk, pardon; stand, keep, mind，mention appreciate; understand ;resist
3) 巧计“to”是介词的短语：习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物，这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时，总期待着加上自己的努力使它开始改变. Be used to /be accustomed to ; be addicted to ; stick to ;object to ;lead to ;devote to ;be sentenced to ;prefer …to ;come to ; look forward to ;add to ;get to contribute to ;
4)The farmers didn’t know what to do.
Please tell me how to get to the zoo.
常见接特殊不定式做宾语的动词：
又学又问又讨论，又查又释又知晓，又记又忘又明白，又思又虑想知道
表明告诉难决定（learn ;ask ;discuss ;find out ;explain ;know ;remember ;forget ;
Understand ; think ;consider ;wonder ;show ;tell ;decide )
3．不定式和动名词,分词做定语
1) He is looking for a room __________．(live)
2) There is nothing ____________________ (worry)
3) Please give me a knife _______________________________ ． (cut)
4) here is some paper for you ____________________( write )
5) He had no money and no place _________________( live)
6) H Have you anything to buy ?
Have you anything to be bought ?
7) He was the best man to do the job .
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games .
总结：
8）a walking stick=a stick for walking
a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping
总结：
9) falling leaves ;fallen leaved
Boiling water ;boiled water总结；
10）The houses __________________(build ) for the teacher.
For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ______________(grow ) on his own farm .
Have you read the novel _________(write) by Dickens
There is a great deal of evidence _________(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain .
eg.He attends the meeting __________in the room now.
He attended the meeting _________yesterday. （hold）
He will attend the meeting ____________tomorrow.
总结：
4 。不定式，动名词和分词做表语
1）My wish is to become a famous pianist.
2）What she likes is watching children play
3）The story is very exciting.
4）They were deeply moved to hear the old man’s story.
总结：
检测题：
1）Tom and Martin preteAnded __________their homework when the teacher came
into the classroom. （假装正在做作业）
2）She is said _____________________thirty novels this year.据说她已读了30
本小说。
3）It is an honor for me _____________to your party. (invite)
4）After graduation, he asked ____________to work in the countryside. (sent)
5）.This novel was said _______________________into French. (translate)
6）.He was the first student______________________by The teacher. (punish)
7）I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours
to finish a report.
A. go
B. having gone
C. going
D. to have gone
8）Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A.to have studied
B. to study
C. to be study
D. to have been studying
9）The door needs______________________.(paint)
10）I regret ____________________her advice.(我后悔没听她的建议）
11）He did it without___________________.(ask)
12）T he little boy didn’t mind ______________________(leave)at home.
13）They couldn’t stand ____________________(treat)like that.
14) That Peter didn’t attend the meeting made it put off.
5 。不定式和分词作状语
1）The bus stopped so as to /in order to pick up passengers .
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market ,many state-run
companies are striving to make their products more competitive.
2) This question is difficult __________ (answer).
Do you think him easy___________ (work) ?
The chair is comfortable is _______________(sit )
The ice is hard ______________(skate ).
The person is difficult ________________(deal )
总结：
3） she is too tired to do the job.
He is not old enough to go to school .
All too often ,women complain that they’re educated as equals ,only to go out
into the workforce to be treated as inferiors .
总结：
4）She was too eager to see her mother .
She is too ready to help others
They are only too anxious to meet you .
总结：记忆窍门：容易，乐意和焦急，too…to 表示肯定意；only ,but 在to前。它们用作强语气(easy ，pleased ,glad ,ready ,willing ,anxious ,eager )
5. 1) “We can’t go out in this weather ,”said Bob ,looking out of the window .
2).His father died, _____( leave ) him nothing but debts.
3) When we visited my old family home ,memory came __________(flood ) back .
4) Having suffered such heavy pollution already ,it may now be too late to clean up the river .
5) Not having completed the programme ,they have to stay there for another two weeks .
6) Given the right kind of training ,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
7) Having been told many times ,he still repeated the same mistakes.
8）Looking at my classmates’ face ,I read the same excitement
9)Having finished breakfast , they hurried to work by bike
10）When completed ,the museum ,will be open to the public next year.
11) 考试结束了，我们开始放假
12)他手里拿着书走了进来
13)他躺在床上目不转睛的看着墙上的地图
总结：
①The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.
②All things considered, your article is of greater value than hers.
③Weather permitting, we shall go outing.
④Time permitting, we shall go to the cinema with
you.
⑤My work having been finished, I went home.
⑥Homework finished, he went to bed.
⑦The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again.
⑧The question being settled, we went home.
⑨This task finished,we went to have dinner.
⑩The sun having risen,the fog soon disappeared.
①Without any money left, he had to borrow some from his friends.
②With him sitting next to her, she felt safe.
③With John leading us, we managed to get out of the
forest.
④Without anyone noticing, he came in.
⑤He came back with a basket filled with eggs.
总结：
检测题：
1）. Today ____( be ) Sunday, the library doesn’t open.
=Because today ___(be) Sunday,…
2）. There _____( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.
3）. The signal _____( give ), the bus started.
4）. Weather ________ ( permit ), we’ll visit the Great Wall.
5）. A teacher from England ____( teach ) us English, we’re sure to learn it well. 6）. With him ____( give ) us a lead, our team is to win.
7）. With the worker ____ ( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.
8）.he went home with his work ________(finish).
9）他迟到了,老师很生气.用动名词的复合结构和用分词的独立结构)
6．不定式和分词作宾语补语
1） I heard her sing an English song just now .
She was heard ____________an English song just now .
动词不定式做宾补的记忆窍门：感官使役真奇怪，to 在句中做妖怪，主动句里to走开，被动句里to 回来。（see ,watch ,observe ,notice ,look at ;have ,made ,let ; hear ,listen to ;feel
2) I heard her _________(sing) an English song just now .
I heard her _________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday .
I heard the English song ________(sing ) many times .
I was surprised to find my hometown __________(change) so much
3) It’s wrong of you to leave the machine ____________( run )
The guests left most of the dishes ___________(touch) ,because they didn’t taste delicious .
He left ,leaving me __________________( do ) all the rest work.
We hurriedly ended our meting ,leaving many problems _____________________(settle)
4) Mother had me ____________(go )to the shop and buy some salt.
Don’t have the water ___________(run ) all the time .
I’ll have/get my bike _______(repair) tomorrow.
I can’t get him _____________(stop ) smoking .he won’t listen to me .
They use computers to keep the traffic ________(run ) smoothly.
总结：
5）With a lot of work ____________(do) ,I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight. With the boy _________(lead) us the way ,we had no difficulty in finding his house . With all work _________(do ),Jim went out to play football.
检测题：
1． The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance ,_________ in the natural light during the day. (let) 2．As the light turned green ,I stood for a moment, not _______,and asked myself what I was going to do. (move)
3． .Suddenly ,a tall driving a golden carriage________ the girl and took her away ,____________into the woods (seize ;disappear)
4.He went to supermarket and ________(buy) some food yesterday.
5.He went to supermarket ,______(buy) some food ,______(visit) a friend and ________(returned).
3.The audiences stood up ,___________ (applause)
4.She rushed into the bedroom ,lay on the bed and __________(cry)
5.She rushed into the bedroom and lay on the bed ,_________(cry)
6．When ________(complete), the museum will be open to the public next year. 7． While ________(walk) along the street ,I heard my name called.
8He opened his lips as if _______(speak)
9While watching television ,____.
A the doorbell rang
B the doorbell rings
C we heard the doorbell ring
D we heard the doorbell rings
易错题考察
10.It remains ___whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals
A seen
B to be seen
C seeing
D to see
11.The picture____on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A having hung
B hanging
C hangs
D being hung
12._____from heart trouble for years , Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes
A suffered
B Suffering
C Having suffered
D Being suffered
13. The lady said she would buy a gift for Her daughter with the _____.
A 20 dollars remained
B 20 dollars remain
C remained 20 dollars
D remaining 20 dollars
14.To his disappointment ,the opinion he had struck on ____wrong .
A turned out
B turning out
C was turned
D to be turned out
15.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____as the plane was making
a landing.
A seat
B seating
C seated
D to be seating
16.The old man ,____abroad for twenty years ,is on the way back to his motherland.
A to work
B working
C to have worked
D having worked
17.I send you 100 dollars today ,the rest ____ in a year .
A follows
B followed
C to follow
D being followed
18.____with what you did last year, you have made great progress this year.
A Comparing
B Compared
C To compare
D In comparison
19.____this with that ,you’ll find this is better
A Compared
B To compare
C Comparing
D When compared
20._________with so much trouble ,we failed to complete the task on time .
21. ______so much trouble ,we failed to complete the task on time .
A Faced
B Face
C Facing
D To face
22.Faced with a bill for 2000 yuan ,____
A John has taken an extra job
B The boss has given John an extra job
C an extra job has been taken
D an extra job has been given to John
23._____in white uniform ,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A Dressed
B To dress
C Dressing
D Having dressed
24.._____ in the mountains for a week the two students were finally saved by the local Police .
A Having lost
B Lost
C Being lost
D Losing
25.We fond the students _____(seat ) at the tables and had their eyes______(fix) on the screen of the TV
. .
非谓语动词( 2015届高三. 咏华) 非谓语动词就是在句中不作谓语的动词, 有动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed分词。 一.非谓语动词的形式变化(结合前面的“时态和语态”专题，推测非谓语动词的各种时态和语态相结合的 二．分析下列各组句子，划出非谓语部分，判断非谓语在句中充当的成分，总结非谓语动词在句中充当同一种成分时的用法及区别。 1．①Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 ②To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 ③To obey the law is important. = It is important to obey the law. ④It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 归纳：作主语 ●通常，v-ing表抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式表具体的或一次性的将来动作。 ●不定式和v-ing作主语常放在句末，主语位置用形式主语it，即 It + is/was +adj./n.（如：easy/difficult/(im)possible/likely/good/a good idea等）+ to do sth. 但It + is/was + 某些adj./n. (worth/useless/no use/no good/of little use/ of little good) + v-ing. 2．①The story is interesting. ②My job is teaching. (= Teaching is my job.) ③I am deeply devoted to education. ④The window is broken. ⑤My dream is to be admitted into an ideal university. 归纳：作表语 ●v-ing 表主语（物）的性质（令人…….的）或内容； ●v-ed 表主语（人）的情感（感到…….的）或所处的状态； ●不定式表将来动作，在表“目的aim/goal/purpose、愿望wish/hope、梦想dream、 需求demand”等的名词作主语时其表语用不定式。 3.①Shall we go to the swimming pool ? ②This is an interesting story. ③The excited fans are shouting and waving to the film star. ④China is a developing country while America is a developed country. ⑤I have a lot of papers to type. ⑥She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.
高考复习之非谓语动词（一） Task 1 ? Listen and fill in the blanks 1.When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, __________ for my favorite song. When they played, I’d sing along. It made me _________. ?Yesterday once more 2.Sorry I never told you all I wanted __________. Now it’s too late _________. Cause you’ve flown away, so far away. Never had I imagined __________ without your smile. _________ and _________ you hear me, it keeps me alive. ?A sweet day Task 2 做题 Task 3 总结解题技巧 一、___________________________________________ 1.They included digging up the road, __________(lay) the track and then building a roof over the top. 2.What makes Qigong special is that it can be done ___________(lie), sitting, or standing. 二、___________________________________________ 3.First, __________(talk) to someone you trust is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. 4._____________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes. 三、___________________________________________ 5.___________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 6.Reaching the destination, he suddenly found his __________(lose) shoe in a basket. 7.To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d lik e you to look at a study ____________(conduct) in Australia in 2012. 四、___________________________________________ 8.Today there are more airplanes _________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 9.There’s a note ___________(attach) to the door saying when the shop will open again. 10.There are always lots of people in the street, and there is always something _________(see) or do. 五、___________________________________________ 11.Children, when _____________(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 12.After school, I went back home on time to help my parents do some housework while ___________ (enjoy) some light music. 六、____________________________________________ 13.With all the porridge _________ (eat) up, he picked out a shoe and boiled it to eat. 14.I stood before her with my heart ___________ (beat) fast. 15.Much time _________(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by
非谓语动词学案 授课班级______ 应到学生______ 实到学生_____课型_____ 教学目标：1. 熟悉非谓语动词的构成； 2. 能够熟练使用非谓语动词。 教学过程： 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语,而非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 二、非谓语动词的形式和基本用法： 1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来; I have a meeting to attend. The child has nothing to worry about. He worked day and night to get the money. 2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行； Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 3、动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成。 The window was broken by the boy. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. I heard the song sung several times last week. 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing/ not/ never done 五、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
非谓语动词基本概念及用法 一、动词不定式to do 现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-ed Thinking about these examples: the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥 二、谓语与非谓语的比较 非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。 例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time. A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand 分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。 Exercise：找出“非谓语动词”，并判断作何成分 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. It is not an easy thing to master a language. My suggestion is to start work at once. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. Have you anything to declare? He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly. Did you see anyone enter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this song. The boss made them work from morning till night. They were made to work from morning till night. The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed. They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. Is this the book recommended by our teacher? The meeting held last week is very important. The meeting being held is very important. The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 被动 sth.
非谓语动词 动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。 高考重点要求： 1、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式 2、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式 一、理论知识（《全优课堂》P302-304页 请找出以下句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词 The dinosaur was forced to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing less space and food. 谓语动词____________________ 非谓语动词___________________ 非谓语动词的三种基本形式 表主动，将来_____________ 表主动，进行_____________ 表被动，完成_____________ 分析一下不定式的形式及意义 1/ We all expect the boy to win the match. ( to do 表______________) 2/ The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of great importance. ( to be done 表_____________)
3/ Tom was considered to have broken the cup. ( to have done 表_________________) 4/ The cup was considered to have been broke n by Tom. ( to have been done 表______________) 5/ The boy is pretending to be listening carefully. ( to be doing 表___________________ ) 分析一下动词ing的形式及意义 1/ The girl standing over there is my sister. ( doing 表__________________) 2/ The road being repaired now is called Binjiang Road. ( being done表_______________ ) 3/ Having finished her homework, Lily went out to play table tennis. ( having done 表_______) 4/ Having been told the bad news, he couldn’t help crying. (having been done 表___________) 分析一下动词ed的形式及意义 The photo taken by the photographer is quite eye-catching. ( done 表_____________________) 非谓语动词的否定式：not 放在该非谓语动词之前 如：not to be done, not having been done, not done Any difference between “done” and “having been done”? 被告知了这令人兴奋的消息，他感到兴奋。
非谓语动词 不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。 1．不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。 (2009·辽宁卷)To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。 2．不定式用于so...as to ...，such...as to；enough to；too...to；only to等结构中作结果状语。Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？ He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。 He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。 专家提醒：“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell 和主语He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。 1.(2010·江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting________. A．to discover B．to be discovered D ．being discovered C．discovered 解析：句意为：很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此题空格处用不定式来表示目的，而且actors与discover之间为被动关系，所以B项为答案。 答案： B 2．(2010·合肥第二次教学检测)—Why are the students working so hard these days. —________ready for the ing entrance examination. A．To get B．Get D ．Got ．CGetting 可知，此句是省略句，”为了即将来临的入学考试准备“考查非谓语动词。根据答语解析： 不定式作状语，表示目的。 答案： A 3．(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)With Father's Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad. A．buy B．to buy D．to have bought C．buying 解析：句意为：父亲节就要到了，我已经从银行取了些钱出来准备给爸爸买些礼物。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。从语境看，本空在句中作目的状语，用不定式，因此A的动词原形、C的现在分词、D的不定式完成式都不符合题意。 答案： B
语法复习专题七——非谓语动词 一、 非谓语动词的分类 二、 非谓语动词的语法功能及时态、语态 三、非谓语动词的使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别 的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。 v-ed 过去分词
Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）。 1. Tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。) 四、非谓语动词的用法 ★非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义 ?Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主动,进行 ?Please keep quiet in the reading room. 性质 ?Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动,完成 ?We see fallen leaves on the ground. 完成 ?Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful. 状态 ?We are invited to a party to be held next Friday. 将来 ?We plant many trees to make our city green. 目的 表达意义： 动词-ing ：主动, 进行, 性质； 动词-ed ：被动, 完成, 状态； to do：将来, 目的。 1、v-ing作非谓语动词 （1）作主语 Eg: Seeing is believing. Sending e-mail is increasingly popular. Ex. 2: 请用v-ing作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。 1）说太多会给你带来麻烦。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2) 散步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。 _____________________________________________________________________ （2）作宾语 Eg: I couldn’t help crying when I heard the bad news. ★mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can’t help, miss等动词用v-ing作宾语。 ★在表示“需要” 的need, want和require等后用v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义, 也可用不定式的被动式。 Eg: This car needs repairing. Or: This car needs to be repaired. Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。 1）你介意独处吗？________________________________________________________
非谓语动词（1） 1.形式：动词不定时（doing）, 动名词（doing）,分词（doing 和done ） 2.导入： 练：1.）Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 2.）With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money o ut of the bank ________ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 3.）I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 4.）The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 5.）It rained heavily in the south, ______ serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 6.）I had great difficulty _______ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding 7. ）Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 8. _______ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 9. That is the only way we can imagine ______ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 10. ______ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 一．动词不定式的用法 判断下面不定式在句中的成分 1.To finish the work in ten minutes is difficult. （） 2. He wants to go abroad. （） 3. My dream is to become a singer. （） 4. Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt. （） 5. I have some clothes to wash. （） 6.He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. （） 结论：不定式在句中可以充当__________________________________________. I．不定式做主语： 不定式做主语可直接放于句首，但很多情况下，用______做形式主语（尤其在疑问句和感叹句中）常见句型：1.）1）It is + adj. +for sb /of sb+to do sth. 常用介词for 的词_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 常用介词of 的词有_______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2.)It is + n + to do sth.意思是_______________________________ 常见名词_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ (3) It takes/needs/requires+ sometime/sth. +to do意思是：_______________ ⅱ做宾语 1.(2005天津卷) I don’t want _________like I’m speaking ill of
高考英语非谓语动词教学案 在做单选题，如果遇到非谓语动词，可以根据句中的搭配结构、非谓语的主被动形式和非谓语的“时态”三个角度，从语言的结构到语义由简单到复杂依次排选。 第一步：根据非谓语形式在句中可作的成分来分析空白处可填入的非谓语形式，看能否在不定式、分词和动名词几个形式之间先排除一个或几个。 非谓语动词在句中可作成分一览表 注：1).the 分词也可用作主语和宾语； 2).现在分词完成式不作定语。 1．非谓语形式作主语或宾语时，除“the 分词”外一般只能用不定式或动名词。其中不定式作介词的宾语时要使用“特殊疑问词 不定式”结构。 例如：1).It’s very kind of you to help us. 2).Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 3).The driver failed to see other cars at the moment . 4).Please show us how to do that. 2．作状语时，不定式表示目的以及so/as to do和(only)to do中的结果状语，其它状语都用分词来表示。 例如：1).To sleep late the next morning,he turned off the alarm clock. （“非谓语 主句”模式中，非谓语在句首而且由逗号与主句隔开，此句中的不定式只作目的状语；此时的分词表示时间、原因或条件状语，有时分词前可加when,while,if,before, after,as和though 等连词，如：①Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. ②When asked,never be silent.） 2).He came here only to say good-bye to us. （不定式在句中作目的状语时它前面不能用逗号） 3).He spoke a lot at the conference,only to show his ignorance on the topic. （不定式在主句之后，又有逗号与主句隔开时常用(only)to do形式表示出乎主语意料的结果） 第二步：在第一步的基础上从非谓语的主被动形式这个角度进行筛选。 1．非谓语用作主语或状语时，一般根据它们的逻辑主语来判断主被动形式的选用；若无逻辑主语，则以主句主语为判断对象。
非谓语动词学案 I.V-ing (现在分词/动名词) 注意： 1. V-ing的否定形式是由not 加V-ing构成。如： _______________________ his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 ________________________ made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. V-ing的一般式和完成式： V-ing的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he is interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. V-ing的被动式： V-ing的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing动作的承受者。根据V-ing动作发生的时间，V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。 如： The question _________________________ is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 ___________________________ (criticize) by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 二、V-ing的语法作用 V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 （一）V-ing（短语）作主语： _______________ is easier than doing. 说比做容易。注意：在下面两种结构中，V-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time _______________________________. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用V-ing分词。如： There is no ____________________ about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 2. V -ing作宾语： ①V–ing作动词宾语。如： I suggest _______________________________. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 ②V-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如： I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。 Do you consider ___________________________? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？ ③V-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如： I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。 He went to London in the hope of ______________________________. 他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。 此类短语还有很多：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, be responsible for（对……负责）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑，想到）, dream of（梦想）, object to（反对，抗议）, hear of（听说）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from （防止，阻止）, s top…from（防止，阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依靠，依赖）, thank…for（因……而道谢）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（献身于）, set about（着手做）, be/get used to（习惯于）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（对……厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做……）, be interested in（对……感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对……感到羞愧）等等。 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如： I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。 What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚？ 另外，V-ing可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如： He left ahead of time ____________________________.他一句话也没说就提前离开了。_________________________________, she had to take care of four children. 除了做饭和缝纫(sew)以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。 只能用V-ing作宾语的动词及动词短语 1). advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest, dislike, appreciate
非谓语动词复习学案 动词的形式猜成份 1. Taking exercise can build up our body and keep a clear mind. ( 主) 2. They can get more detailed information from the original. ( 定) 3. Our government is aiming to build a “harmonious society”. ( 表) 4. Compared with the tuition fees of the South University, I can save 3000 yuan every year. ( 状) 5.To keep fit, we should have variou s healthy diets. ( 状) 6. They were very happy to see the bird flying away into the sky. ( 宾补) 7. After a brief discussion, we decided to put up a wall newspaper for our class. （宾） 8. Not knowing what to do, he turned to Miss Wang. ( 状) 重点再现----非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 (1). 不定式与动名词作主语表语的比较 Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. To arrive there in half an hour is impossible. 不定式表示一次性的具体的动作；动词－ing形式表示一般的泛指或习惯性的动作。 ★①It is /was +adj/n+for/of sb to do sth ★②不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词一般用单数 (2). V-ing与V-ed作表语的比较 V-ing指“使/令人感到……”V-ed指某人因……觉得…… The maths problem is very __puzzling____ and he looks ___puzzled___ about it. (puzzle) please, satisfy, encourage, excite, interest, move, frighten, surprise, puzzle, disappoint, worry, tire , delight，etc. ★ A ____surprised____ look appeared on his face when he heard that his friend had died. (surprise) ★ From his ___puzzled___ look on his face, I know clearly that he didn’t understand what I said. (puzzle) ★ His ____frightening_____ look ____frightened____ everyone. (frighten) 难点分析 (1) 分词作状语的基本原则是分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。 ①As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (原因状语) =____Lost in thought____, he almost ran into the car in front of him ②If the drug is taken according to the directions, the drug will have no side effect. (条件状语=___Taken according to the directions____ , the drug will have no side effect. ③Although his parents lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university. (让步状语) =____Lacking money___, his parents managed to send him to university. ④After the old couple had the supper, the old couple went out for a walk. (时间状语) =___Having had the supper____, the old couple went out for a walk. (2) 连词＋分词的省略结构 1. When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compare 2. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ________ with others. A. talk B. talking C. having talked D. talked 5. He shouted loudly as if ________ by the snake. A. bite B. to bite C. bitten D. biting (3) 独立结构（与句子主语无关） V-ing： generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from/by, considering, taking…into consideration, seeing, supposing, providing V-ed： given provided that, compared to/with to do： to tell the truth, to start with, to begin with, to be frank, to make matters worse (even worse,