Become popular with... 受。。。欢迎
Be at stake 有风险，成问题
Be similar to... 与。。。相似
Catch up with... 赶上。。。
Go up sharply 急剧增长
Have... On hand 随时备有。。。
Make a/the transaction 进行交易
Over the wireless network 通过无线网络
Steer clear of 绕开，避开Take...into consideration 考虑到，Throw... To the wind 全然不顾。。。
Be infamous for 因。。。而臭名昭著的Find oneself doing sth 发现或意识到自己正在做某事Hold the same values 具有相同的价值观
In one sitting 一次；一口气
More than ever 更加，越发
Practise a religion 皈依教门
Rather then 而不是
Stumble over 结结巴巴的说
Value...as... 把...珍视为...
Be part of... 成为。。。的一部分
Be synonymous with 与。。。同义
Come to life 被唯妙唯俏的描绘
Complete with 具有
From that moment on 从那一刻起
Set one’s eyes on 看到
Single out 使突出
Unit3
1）Some experts argue_that one-on-one instruction helps children learn effectively.
2) The public is entitled to know how much of their wallet is at risk in the banking world.
3) We should secure shelter for wild animals that could be attacked and killed.
4) The best way of reporting news is not just to quote the words
of authority_figures.
5) The web gives its users access to world-class communication tools and worldwide markets.
6) As a developing country, China is shouldering the challenging
task of economic development and environment protection 7) The costs of retirement will_go up sharply as the number of the aged increases in the coming decades.
8) Shall we proceed_ with the planned investment?
9) Business plans often assume_that it is easy to gain a share of a large or fast-growing market.
10) The safest_passwords_ are usually a combination of letters and numbers, which are at least 8 bits long.
Unit4
1）Even if we are in a difficult time, we will not shrink from our responsibility.
2) Africa is the most racially diverse region in the world.
3) All creatures on the earth are interdependent on each other:
they interact with one another in some ways.
4) The parents’obligation to raise their kids does not go as far as depriving their children of social practice.
5) With hard work any obstacle can be overcome.
6) Zhang is a Chongqing native，and you may consult him about the local specialties.
7) In the market-driven economy, the company aims at the maximization of utility and benefits.
8) To study a phenomenon properly, researchers must first have
a way to measure it.
9) Another argument in favour of the author valued him as
a great novelist.
10) They wouldn’t behave so cruelly if they respected life Unit5
Unit3
When I first went to Japan, I soon discovered that our American
model of a salesman going to a customer’s office, giving his
sales speech and then expecting to close the sale just does not work in Japan. First of all in Japan, you generally 1 need an introduction to meet a prospective buyer. Often, an appointment is arranged 2 through a third person. Once you have an appointment to 3 see the man that you want to do business 4 with, the introduction and getting to know one another can be a timely 5 process. Your prospective customer has to get to know the person with 6 whom_he is going to do business. A certain period of time is required for each 7 party to learn more about one 8 another. In the beginning, business is 9 not the main item of conversation. It is more 10 about getting to know one another. This opens the door to a good basis of communication between the two parties.
Unit4
Training is the process of teaching newly recruited 1 employees the basic skills required to perform their jobs satisfactorily.Nowadays training 2 is concerned with_
more than teaching technical skills such as training a mechanic
how to 3 operate a machine. To compete in today’s ever changing market, a firm must be 4 responsive for customers’needs. This 5 calls for a workforce that is more than technically trained. More and more 6 employers are realizing the role of training opportunities in strengthening
employee commitment and that the most devoted employees
7 turn out to be those who enjoy continuing developmental opportunities to better themselves. 8 On the other hand, a large gap still exists in the training process —many
companies offer little investment for staff training. There is
9 no denying that further training and developmental opportunities for employees are not only a means of raising their
job satisfaction but also a 10 means of enhancing an employer’s competitiveness.
Unit5
翻译
Unit3
1）当进口产品时，我们必须考虑我们的支付能力。(take into
consideration)
We must take into consideration our ability to pay when we
import goods.
2)食品安全与民生紧密相关。(security)
Food security is closely connected with people’s livelihood.
3)他们在法庭上对控诉进行了非常成功的辩护。(defence) In the court, they made a very successful defence against the charges.
4) 这种游戏特别受年轻人的欢迎。(popular with)
The game is especially popular with young people.
5) 在那个紧要关头，他不顾一切地冲了上去。(throw caution to the wind)
At that critical moment, he rushed forward and threw caution to the wind.
6) 在经济学上，通货膨胀意味着货物和服务的市场价格猛烈增长。(go up sharply)
In economics, inflation means the market prices of goods and services will go up sharply.
Unit4
1）我们的谈话仅仅围绕与文化差异有关的事。(encompass) Our conversation merely encompassed the things relating to cultural differences.
2)我试图一口气读完整本小说。(in one sitting)
I tried to read the whole novel in one sitting.
3) 当她对约翰更了解以后，她比以往任何时候都更加爱他。(more than ever)
She loved him more than ever when she got to know John better.
4) 在面试期间，许多求职者会很紧张，会结结巴巴用词不当。(stumble over)
During the interview, many job applicants would get nervous and stumble over their word context.
5) 许多公司宁愿要更便宜的电脑，而不是功能更强的电脑。(rather than)
Many companies would prefer cheaper computers rather than more powerful ones.
6) 在跨文化交际中，深刻了解西方文化的多样性是必不可少的。(diversity)
A thorough understanding of the diversity of Western culture is a must incross-cultural communication.
Unit5
《新编实用英语》第一册教案 Unit One Greeting and Introducing People Teaching Objective In "Talking Face to Face",learn how to greet people and how to make introductions. In "Being All Ears", practice listening comprehension to greet and introduce people with various relationships. In "Maintaining a Sharp Eye",master the key words and structures and learn the way foreign people greet each other, particularly the way Americans meet and greet each other, both in informal and formal situations by reading through passage I; learn and practice how to introduce oneself by reading through passage II. In "Trying Your Hand", become knowledgeable on how to write a business card and fill in a passport with one’s personal information; review the basic sentence structure. Teaching Procedures Section I Talking Face to Face1.Warm- up: Expressions of greetings and responses to greetings： a. Greetings: 1) Hi! How do you do? 2) Hello, you must be Jack from America. 3) How are you? 4) Hello. How are things with you? How are you doing? 5) How is everything? 6) You are doing all right? 7) How it goes? 8) How is life, John? 9) Excuse me. Are you Kitty? b. Responses to Greetings: 1) How do you do? 2) Fine, just fine. 3) Fine, thank you. 4) Quite well. And you? 5) The usual. How about you? 6) So-so. And what about you? 7) Nothing particular. 8) Not too bad. 9) Nice to meet you.
1~5单元课后汉翻英 UNIT1 1像许多人一样,你大概也在学习如何推销自己. You, like most people, probably are learning how to market yourself. 2对一名新雇员来说，最重要的不一定是工作经验，而是怎样不断更新知识。To a new employee, the most important is not necessarily work experience, but how to update knowledge. 3对不起，我那位闲不住的老板让我立刻就走。 I’m so sorry. My go-go boss asks me to leave right now. 4那位主妇只是不停地诉说她的家事，我就知道我会被拉进这样的谈话。 That housewife just continued on with some sort of story about her family. I knew I must be caught in such a conversation. 5对我来说，失去时间就是失去生命。我不能还没实现自己设定的目标就离开这个世界。 For me, missed time is missed life. I can not leave this world without reaching the goal I set. 6我的锻炼计划是建立在每天锻炼基础上的，它不一定会让我长高，但会使我身体健康。 My exercise plan is built on a daily basis. It could help me become healthier, not necessarily taller. UNIT2 1我对父母的感激之情难以言表。 Language is not enough to show my thinks to my parents. 2澳大利亚很希望参加亚运会，但它不是亚洲成员。 Australia wants to join the Asian Games, but it is not part of Asian. 3繁忙的一周之末，我总是喜欢有一个茶歇。 I always enjoy a tea break at the end of a busy week. 4要发出去的数据应该每周更新一次。 The data to be sent out should be updated once a week. 5他有很好的团队精神，能与任何一类人很好的合作。 He has good team spirit, being able to work with any type of people. 6在她手里，一片普通的纸可以被剪出各种花儿来。 In her hand, a piece of common paper could be cut out into various kinds of flowers. 7这种甜言蜜语可能让你很受用，但不适用于我。 Such sweet words might please you, but they don’t work for me. UNIT3 1他自愿当我们队的司机。 He volunteered to serve as the driver of our team. 2做对外贸易时我们应该注意文化差异。 We should beware of cultural differences in doing foreign trade. 3我们刚碰到一位多年不见的老朋友。 We just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages(many years)
郑州信息工程职业学院基础部 《新编实用英语Ⅰ》课程教学大纲 课程编码：61 总学时：72 学时 实验学时：无 学分：3学分 适用对象：一年级学生 先修课程：基础英语 一、课程的性质与任务 （一）本课程的性质 大学英语课程是非英语专业学生必修的一门基础课程。旨在培养学生的英语综合应用能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行书面信息交流，提高综合文化素养，以适应社会发展和经济建设的需要。《新编实用英语Ⅰ》是我院高职一年级学生第一学期所有学生学习和掌握英语听，说，读，写基本技能的基础课。 （二）本课程的任务 本课程在高职高专院校中人才培养计划中是必修课程。该课程理论与技能培养并重，相互结合，培养各类高职高专的应用型人才。经过学习，使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和技能，具有一定的听说读写译的能力，从而能借助词典翻译和阅读有关英语资料，使学生在今后的工作和社会交往日常活动中能用英语有效地进行口头和笔头交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的交际能力打下基础。为此，该课程将努力做到以下三个方面： 1、培养学生英语综合应用能力具有较强的阅读能力和良好的听、说、写、译能力，使他们能用英语交流信息。 2、增强学生的学习能力、特别是自主学习能力。 3、提高学生的综合文化素养。 （三）本课程培养人才的定位
该课程是我院各专业学生必修的一门公共基础课程，旨在培养学生的英语综合应用能力（听、说、读、写、译）；培养学生使用英语处理日常和涉外业务活动能力。使他们在今后工作中与社会交往中能用英语有效地进行信息交流，提高综合文化素养，以适应社会发展日益国际化的需要。 （四）本课程在人才培养过程中的作用 经过本课程的学习，使学生扎实语音、语法、词汇和基本句型等语言基本功，强化并提高听、说、读、写、译的综合能力，提高学生就业竞争力。 二、课程的基本要求 通过学习本课程，学生应该达到以下要求： 1、词汇 认知2500 个英语单词(包括入学时要求掌握的1000 个词) 以及由这些词构成的常用词组，对其中1500个左右的单词能正确拼写，能进行英汉互译。 2、语法 掌握基本的英语语法规则，在听、说、读、写、译中能正确运用所学的语法知识。 3、听力 能听懂涉及日常交际的结构简单、发音清楚、语速较慢(每分钟120 词左右)的英语对话和不太复杂的陈述，理解基本正确。能理解具体信息，理解所听材料的背景，并能推断所听材料的含义。 4、口语 掌握一般的课堂用语，并能模拟或套用常用口头交际句型，就日常生活和有业务提出问题或做出简单回答，交流有困难时能采取简单的应变措施。 5、阅读 能阅读中等难度的一般题材的简短英文资料，理解正确。在阅读生词不超过数3% 的英文资料时，阅读速度不低于每分钟50 词，能读懂通用的简短文字材料，如信函、产品说明等，理解基本正确。并且掌握以下阅读技巧： 1)理解文章的主旨或要点； 2)理解文章中的具体信息； 3)根据上下文推断生词的意思；
一.填空 1. The 2008 … time for… China. 2. Of coursel …take care of …business. 3. Never leave without … years. 4. Clearly … recognition and awards …work. 5. The great … team work. 6. Exercise will … appetite. 7. When I come across … notebook. 8. Let me … official … land. 9. In that … occasional … serious. 10. You have … at hand … traveling. 11. She is annoyed … recommended. 12. Please … feel free to … home. 13. `Nowadays … assume that … is celebrated … America. 14. Is Spring Festival a … the majority … countries? 15. My family … end-of-year cleaning. 16. Some universities … Muslim(s) … food. 17. Decorating the … colorful candles … now. 18.In the 1950s … large choice … them. 19.Do you … ways of thinking? 20.The Asian … festive event … People shared … athletes. 二，汉译英。 1.像…自己。 You, like most people, probably are learning how to market yourself. 2.对不起…走！ I’m so sorry , My go-go boss asks me to leave right now. 3.我…言表。 Language is not enough to show my thanks to my parents 4.这…适用于我。 Such sweet words might please you.but they don’t work for me 5.做…差异。 We should beware of cultural differences in foreign trade 6.我们…老朋友。 We have just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages. 7.你…吗？ Can you provide any evidence to show that he was not in the crime scene at that time. 8.如果…联系。 If you need our products, please contact me in advance, 9.汤姆…去过。 Tom is new to the town . He has never been there before. 10.认为…错了。 It would be wrong to assume that Valentine’s Day is only celebrated by young people. 11.随着…世界杯了。 With the development of the Internet,the World Cup could be watched at the same time
新编实用英语综合教程1第八单元课后答案 Unit 8 Keeping Healthy and Seeing a Doctor Put in Use ①Imagine you are a doctor. An overseas student from Englandis suffering from a toothache. He is coming to you for help make a conversation with him by filling out the blanks. Key: (1). the matter (2). very well (3). have a look (4). worry (5). some medicine (6). stop the pain (7). Take the tablets (8) several times a day ②Role-play the following conversation with your partner by putting the Chinese version into English. Key: (1). What’s wrong? You look very pale. (2). Oh, your leg is bleeding. You’d better lie down. Does that feel better? (3). I have the first-aid kit here. Let’s stop the bleeding first. (4). You should go to see a doctor immediately. Want me to accompany you to the hospital? ③Tourists may suffer from differen t kinds of illness. Imagine you are a tour guide. You notice that one of the tourists doesn’t look very well. Talk with her and try to give her some help. Key: (1). Very soon. Are you sure you’re all right? You don’t look quite yourself. (2). Oh, t hat’s too bad. You’d better take a rest now. have you had any medicine? (3). Look, this is medicated oil. You might want to rub some on your temples. (4). But you’d better go to see a doctor. I’ll accompany you to the clinic as soon as we return to the hotel. Step III. Being All Ears Listen and decode.
第一单元 Put in use 1. Robert Thank you pleasure Here is this is How do you do call me journey the hotel very kind 2. Hi, are you Miss Mary Green? I’m Li hong from Foreign Languages School. How do you do, Miss Green? Nice to meet you. Did you have a good journey? Oh, yes. Let’s go to the hotel of our school. Everything is ready for you there. Well, Miss Green, here is my card. Please call me or email me if you need any help. 3. Excuse me How do you do, Mr. Smith Welcome to our company you are the general manager Here is my card Thank you My email address is Read and Think 1. It means a close and friendly relationship. 2. They find these terms too formal. 3. They want to show their friendliness. 4. They want to know more about you so that they can begin a conversation with you. 2 greet informal friendly formal wave perhaps leave 3 use Mr., Mrs. or Miss use first names call me Sally glad/happy informal/friendly 4. named has left prefer personal accept means Speaking of get to know acquainted with 5. It is my impression that a typical English gentleman often takes an umbrella with him. To the students, the introduction to the cultural background is the best part of the book. When we talk with a foreign lady, in most cases we should not ask such personal questions as her age. Many young people prefer pop songs to old songs. They think pop singers are very cool. This beautiful and clean city has left a deep impression upon the foreign tourists. Professor Lu Yang stood on the plane’s entrance and waved good-bye to us.
UNIT 7 PASSAGE ONE Ex. 5 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets. 1.They attempted to leave for camping but were stopped by the heavy snow. 2.Accidents due to driving too fast are on the increase. 3.They grew up in the same environment, so their behaviors had much in common. 4.In contrast to children in the mountainous areas, we are lucky to have access to computers. 5.We were bored to hear her dwelling too much on her past glories. 6.You must have the appetite to succeed and work hard for it. Ex. 6 Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 1. The answer may lie in the fact that there are large numbers of graduates in this field. The root of their poverty lies in the fact that they have received little education. 2.Not all wealthy people live a happy life. Not all students attended the lecture 3. It must be appreciated that there are a lot of difficulties on your way to success. It must be appreciated that your dress can be changed, whereas your disposition is inborn. 4. Whatever the difference is, there is one factor in common--- they shared the same belief. Whatever the difference is, there is one factor in common---they come from the same background. 5. There is a misconception that boys are cleverer than girls in most respects. There is a misconception that a blind person cannot make a drawing. PASSAGE TWO Ex. 9 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets. 1.Every graduate student is required to attend four lectures every term. 2.The construction of the largest bridge in Asia across a river is in progress. 3.The outstanding writer has won the Nobel Price for this year. 4.He worked hard and ranked first in his class. 5.An advisory council has been established for innovating the education system. 6.Scientists have made great contributions to the progress if human beings. 7.All passengers are required to show their tickets. GENERAL WRITING 6. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.As can be seen from the graph, smokers are getting younger and younger.
新编实用英语综合教程1第四版课文翻译There is no perfect way for human beings to deal with cockroaches up to now. There is an instrument in Europe that can emit a specific frequency wave similar to that in a microwave oven, rapidly raise the blood temperature in the cockroach's body and instantly cause the cockroach to blow itself up. However, even if it is applied in such a wide range, it cannot completely eliminate the cockroach. Moreover, it can kill any organism containing water in the body and was banned several years ago. I do not recommend you to use any insecticide, which can only kill some cockroaches. It is an indisputable fact that cockroaches cannot be completely eliminated, but it can accelerate the evolution of cockroaches. The same insecticide may be used for one to two years, and cockroaches will be immunized against this insecticide by producing antibodies themselves. If you kill a limited number of cockroaches, the evolution of cockroaches will be accelerated permanently. Suggested methods are as follows: 1. Overcome your fear of cockroaches. 2. Use aggressive weapons to cause physical damage to cockroaches to death. (For example, newspapers, flyswatters.) 3. Clean the house and keep the house clean all over the world to minimize the living space of cockroaches. Finally, I give you advice: if you find a cockroach in the room, you think there are more than 200 cockroaches nearby. The number of cockroaches on the
Unit 4 Punctuality and Culture I.Teaching objectives 1.Enlarge your vocabulary related to timetables and schedules. 2.Make an appointment according to the timetables. 3.Practice writing timetables and schedules . 4.Appreciate passages and complete exercises well. 5.Get some tips about the use of verb tenses. II. Key points 1. Master the vocabulary about timetables and schedules. 2. Understand the passages 3. Practice writing timetables and schedules. 4. Practice making an appointment according to the timetables. III. Difficult points 1. Get some tips about the use of verb tenses. 2. Practice writing timetables and schedules. 3. Appreciate passages and complete exercises well. IV. Teaching methodology 1.Task-based language teaching 2.Direct method V. Teaching procedures Section I Talking Face to Face
大学英语2 1) 美国人一般早早就安排好他们的退休生活。 Americans usually make plans for their retirement well in advance. 2) 他们通常被看做最有希望的歌手。 They are commonly regarded as the most promising singers. 3) 我从你的推荐人那里听说雇主曾给他们打过电话。 I’ve heard from your references that the employer had called them. 4) 请告诉我们具体时间，以便我们做好适当的准备。 Would you please inform us the exact date so that we can make proper arrangements. 5) 我们对出席派对人数的估计与实际来的人数相差了一大截。 Our estimate of how many people would show up at the party missed by a mile. 6) 只要不成为阅读负担，你的报告可以包括足够多的细节。 Your report can include enough details without being a burden to read. Page21: 6 .Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 1. ▲Although invitations are usually sent through the mail, informal invitations such as e-mail and phone invitations are becoming more acceptable. (虽然邀请函通常通过信函方式发出，但目前像电子邮件、电话邀请等非正式邀请越来越被普遍使用。) ▲Although he has only studied English for two years, he can speak it quite well now. （虽然他学习英语仅2年，但是他现在英语讲得相当好。） ▲虽然生态环境有所改善，但生态安全状况仍然严重。 （Although the ecological environment was becoming better, the problems were still serious.）尽管天色已晚，我还是有点想出去 （Although it is late, I’d quite like to go out.） 2. ▲For most formal occasions, it’s best to invite guests three or four weeks in advance. （大多数正式场合，最好提前三到四个星期发出邀请。） ▲It’s best to slice into a rich cake from the middle. （最好从中间切油腻蛋糕。） ▲在中午太阳光线很强的时候，你最好避免外出。 （It’s best to avoid going out in the strong midday sun.） ▲如果你应邀去参加正式的聚会，你最好穿上西装，打上领带。 （If you are invited to a formal party, it’s best to wear a suit and a tie.） 3. ▲A company can use any color of paper it desires, as long as it upholds and promotes the company’s image. （公司可以选择使用自己想要的任何颜色的纸张，只要它有利于维护和提升企业的形象。）▲Your college or university will provide a report about your education as long as you continue to study there.
Unit 5 Our weather and Climate I.Teaching objectives 1.Enlarge vocabulary related to weather and climate. 2.Get some tips about the use of basic sentence structures. 3.Practice writing: describe the weather in form of weather forecast. 4.Appreciate passages and complete exercises well. 5.Practice to understand easy weather forecast. 6.Practice to talk about the weather. II. Key points 1.Master the vocabulary about weather and climate. 2. Understand the passages 3. Practice writing: describe the weather in form of forecast. 4. Practice to talk about the weather and understand easy weather forecast. III. Difficult points 1. Get some tips about the use of basic sentence structures. 2. Practice writing a short weather forecast. 3. Appreciate passages and complete exercises well. IV. Teaching methodology 1.Task-based language teaching 2.Direct method V. Teaching procedures Section I Talking Face to Face Imitating Mini-Talks 1.Work in pairs. Practice the following mini-talks about greeting and introducing people. Acting out the Tasks 2.Work in pairs and act out the tasks by following the above mini-talks. Key for reference: 1.Task: Ask for Mark’s comments on the weather. 2.Task: Ask about and describe the weather at this time of year. 3.Task: Ask Mr. Green about the weather condition tomorrow and plan an activity. 4.Task: Talk about the change of the weather from long rainy days. 5.Task: Complain about a cold day.
Chinese New Y ear is also known as Spring Festival, as it is the first day of the spring season according to the Chinese lunar calendar. This festival has been regarded as the most important traditional holiday by Chinese people, home and abroad. Many special customs for the festival have been developed. Paying a new year call is one of them. On this day, new greetings are given with a unique gesture. People will always bow to each other with their hands clasped while offering their best wishes for a happier and more prosperous new year. 第二单元三十六页第八题 Tomorrow will be Thanksgiving Day. Sally is going to thank her dentist, Mr. Milton. Mr. Milton is always very kind and helpful to Sally whenever she goes to him for an aching tooth. A few days ago, Sally broke Mr. Milton's coffee pot by accident. She felt very sorry for her carelessness. So she has bought a new coffee pot for him. The new pot looks very beautiful. Sally believes that Mr. Milton will like it. Sally has put the coffee pot into a small box. She is now wrapping the box with a lovely ribbon. She will also attach a thank-you note to the gift. She is sure that Mr. Milton will be very happy to accept her gift.
Unit 1 课文1. 相同的语言，不同的含意 语言归属于讲这一语言的人，而词语或话语的意义则是讲这种语言的人们所赋予的。所以语言的基础是约定俗成，而在标准英国英语和标准美国英语中，这些约定在很多情况下却是不同的。美国英语在全世界都有强大的影响。我们芬兰人在学校学习的是标准英国英语，但同时我们从电视上吸取美国英语的词汇。有时有些英国英语的词语与美国英语大相径庭，会产生一些有趣的巧合，下面是我的一些切身体验： “我4点50得走，因为我们5:00要喝下午茶”，斯帝文说。（他是我隔壁的邻居，也是我们来到英格兰后在家里接待的第一位客人。）“你真的喜欢喝茶吗？”我问他（我知道芬兰的孩子通常不喜欢喝茶）。“哦，不，我总是喝果汁，”斯帝文回答道。“但是你父母亲喜欢喝茶吧？”“不，他们喜欢喝牛奶，”他说。 我脑海里关于“5时茶”的错觉在那天就破灭了。我意识到“茶”在英国不一定是指一杯热气腾腾的茶。茶经常是指有番茄、肉或是鱼、青豆等的正餐。英国本地人可能觉得“茶”不是一个词，而是两个不同的词：表示正餐的茶和表示热饮料的茶。 “旅行回来给我打个电话（ring），”唐恩说。 “戒指（ring）？为什么，难道你要我嫁给你吗？”我觉得很奇怪。 再一次证明一个词语的含义是言语社区赋予的。给人打电话美国人说呼他，但英国人却说给我打一个电话。 可能美国人在发现新的表达法上更有创造性。原因是他们更习惯于外国的影响，而英国人却一直寓居在一群孤岛上。但是标准英国英语并没有拒绝像Hoover（胡佛真空吸尘器）、Xerox（施乐复印机）和Aspirin（阿斯匹林祛痛片）这样的新词语。英国人很经济实惠（节约、节俭），他们不浪费哪怕是一个字母。PE（体育）这个词是physical education的首字母缩写，就是很好的例证。 我在北林肯郡呆的那段时间从没听说过胶靴这个词。美国人说胶靴，英国人却用威灵顿靴。我听说威灵顿靴得名于久负盛名的威灵顿爵士，他以爱穿绿色防水靴而闻名遐迩。 英格兰有个复合词是“车尾甩卖”，给我印象很深，也令我很喜欢。口头语经常简化为“车尾卖”，从上下文人人都知道（语言基于约定俗成）说话人指的是一种一般人处理旧东西的露天跳蚤市场。这个词很形象（如果听话的人知道在标准英国英语中boot就是指汽车行李箱的话），因为人们直接从汽车的行李箱里卖东西。 语言随着社会的发展而一起变化。像软盘、网络或者打印机这样的词汇几十年前是不存在的。而现在它们极为普通，有些新词还融入了芬兰语和许多其它语言中。 如果标准美国英语和标准英国英语之间的差异消失了，人们学习英语就容易多了。我认为极有可能会朝这个方向变化。媒体，比如卫星频道和互联网是统一英语（并把它融入到世界其他许多语言中）的极其强有力的工具。 课文2. 猜猜谁不会来吃饭 伦敦的雨下个不停。秋天——杰克叫秋天为落叶的季节——一直是灰暗、阴冷的。孩子们的校服不够御寒，就连特拉法加广场上的鸽子也好像失去了些许往日的傲慢。因为我是芬兰人，天气情况对我倒没什么，但是从佛罗里达州巴拿马来的杰克却苦苦地抱怨英国阴沉的都市风景。 即使下雨，我还得每天带孩子们出去散步，就像带两只又小又爱叫唤的小狗一样，因为这是我作为一个换工寄宿女孩的一项职责。终于回到家里，我正准备晾晒他们的雨衣（在英国叫“橡胶防水大衣”）时，我们发现邓恩太太购物已经回来了。我问她杰克有没有来过电话，因为他答应过要打电话来的。 “还没有，”安·邓恩回答说。“但我希望这次他能留下来吃晚饭。”对英国人来说，我