Book I
Unit 3 Culture
文化
Teaching Aims:
教学目标:
In this unit students are required to :
在本单元，学生须
1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;
了解有关本单元阅读内容的一些有用信息，了解更多关于英语文化的知识;
2)ssion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;do some preparation activities such as discu
练习他们的口语技巧和交际技巧;做一些准备活动，如discu
3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;
掌握一些新单词，试着用这些单词来丰富他们的词汇;
4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;
在有限的时间内阅读课堂上的阅读文章，掌握课堂阅读中的一些表达和语法点，提高阅读理解能力;
5)do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;
做一些课后阅读练习和课后阅读练习，以提高他们在课堂上的知识，提高他们的英语综合技能。
6)translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.
运用阅读中的一些句型，将一些典型的句子翻译成汉语或英语，以获得一些翻译技巧，提高翻译的能力。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/cc17017751.html,eful Information
有用的信息
Culture is a very broad term used to describe the arts, the beliefs, the values, the traditions, the customs, and the institutions that are considered to be characteristic of a community, a people, a region, or a nation. Culture also includes the languages and
dialects that people use to express their feelings and to communicate with each other. It is often difficult to separate language and culture since, in most cases, language is the main medium through which culture is transmitted. Most people feel that it is impossible to really know a culture without speaking the language. In some immigrant populations in North America, however, the original language (French, German, Chinese, Polish, etc.) has been lost but customs and traditions are still maintained.
文化是一个非常宽泛的术语，用来描述艺术、信仰、价值观、传统、习俗以及被认为是社区、人民、地区或国家的特征的机构。文化还包括人们用来表达感情和相互交流的语言和方言。语言和文化往往很难分开，因为在大多数情况下，语言是传播文化的主要媒介。大多数人都认为，在没有语言的情况下，真正了解一种文化是不可能的。然而，在北美的一些移民群体中，最初的语言(法语、德语、汉语、波兰语等)已经消失，但习俗和传统仍然保持着。
Although many cultures in the world have remained isolated for centuries, commerce and trade have often been the source of all sorts of cultural exchanges, ranging from foods to tools. Chinese fine china and other inventions reached Europe thanks to the silk route, for example. However, cultural exchanges have not always been fair or balanced. The native population of North and South America were killed or destroyed (a large part of) by disease and alcohol brought by the Europeans. Throughout history, wars and political decisions have destroyed cultures and forced people to adopt the language and the customs of the dominant civilization.
尽管世界上许多文化已经被隔离了几个世纪，但商业和贸易经常是各种文化交流的来源，从食物到工具。例如，中国的优秀瓷器和其他发明都是由于丝绸之路而到达欧洲的。然而，文化交流并不总是公平或平衡的。北美和南美的土著居民被欧洲人带来的疾病和酒精杀死或摧毁(大部分)。纵观历史，战争和政治决定破坏了文化，迫使人们采用了统治文明的语言和习俗。
It is often assumed that if a culture is technologically advanced, it must be superior or that if a culture is young it must be inferior. Everyone tends to make value judgments about other cultures. Finding fault with or making fun of other customs and beliefs is often merely a way of bolstering (supporting a theory cause etc.) our complacency (feeling of personal content, satisfaction) our pride. It is certainly much easier to learn about other cultures if one approaches them with an open mind and if one respects differences rather than criticizing them. Often something that appears strange or unusual in other cultures is in fact very logical and part of a deeply rooted tradition. What might seem rude in one culture might seem perfectly normal and acceptable in another culture. Tolerance and curiosity are key factors in all cross-cultural learning experiences.
人们常常认为，如果一种文化在技术上是先进的，它必须是优越的，或者如果一种文化是年轻的，它一定是低等的。每个人都倾向于对其他文化做出价值判断。发现错误或取笑其他习俗和信仰往往仅仅是一种支持(支持某一理论原因等)我们的自满(对个人内容的感觉，满足感)我们的骄傲。如果一个人以开放的心态去学习，如果一个人尊重差异而不是批评他们，那就更容易了解其他文化。通常在其他文化中出现奇怪或不寻常的事情，实际上是非常符合逻辑的，也是根深蒂固的传统的一部分。在一种文化中看似粗鲁的东西，在另一种文化中似乎是完全正常和可以接受的。宽容和好奇是所有跨文化学习经历的关键因素。
Although modern transportation and communications have reduced the word to a “global village”, there are still many fas cinating cultural differences to explore. Discovering how people from other regions or other countries see the world can be an enriching experience. Tasting (taste) new foods, listening to different music, and studying the architecture or the literature of other cultures can open up new perspectives on life.
尽管现代交通和通讯已经将这个词简化为“地球村”，但仍有许多令人着迷的文化差异可供探索。了解来自其他地区或其他国家的人们如何看待世界是一种丰富的经验。品尝新食物，听不同的音乐，研究其他文化的建筑或文学，可以打开新的生活视角。
II.Preparation
准备
1．Clearing up a misunderstanding
The reason is that the thumb-and-forefinger-in-a-circle (the okay gesture), a friendly one in America, has an insulting meaning in France and Belgium: “You are worth zero.,” while in Greece and Turkey it is an insulting or vulgar(rude/showing bad banners) sexual invitation.
原因在于，在美国，一个友好的拇指和大拇指的圆圈(ok手势)，在法国和比利时有一种侮辱性的含义:“你值零。”“在希腊和土耳其，这是一种侮辱或粗俗(无礼/显示糟糕的横幅)的性邀请。”
2．Bridging a gap
At first he didn’t understand the question “How do you find it here?” It was inappropriate for him to answer the above-mentioned question by saying: “ Well, I don’t know,” It was better to say something about his impressions of the country. And it would help to keep the conversation going. “How much do you know?” was a difficult question for Geri to answer. “A lot” or “A little”’ the tow possible replies, in fact, would not be satisfactory to Liu Zongren. He said his last name when he meant his first name. It was ridiculous for him to say “Thank you” at the end of the conversation because there seemed to be nothing for him to thank them for.
起初，他不明白这个问题:“你怎么在这里找到它?”对他来说，回答上述问题是不合适的，他说:“嗯，我不知道，”最好是说说他对这个国家的印象。这将有助于保持谈话的进行。“你知道多少?”对格里来说，这是一个很难回答的问题。“很多”或“一点点”“可能的回答，实际上，对刘祖仁来说是不满意的。”他说他的姓是他的第一个名字。在谈话结束时，他说“谢谢”是很可笑的，因为他似乎没有什么值得感谢的地方。
Notes:
1) bowing like a Japanese:
The Japanese are noted for their courtesy(polite behavior). They bow all the time and repeatedly. Japanese who greet people from the west often try to do two things at once. They try to follow local customs. They also try to shake hands at the same time---following western traditions. But they mix both. As they shake hands, they also move their body up and down as if they are bowing. It looks like they are trying to pump water from an old pump at a well.
日本人以礼貌而闻名(礼貌的行为)。他们不停地鞠躬。问候西方国家的日本人常常同时做两件事。他们试图追随当地的风俗。他们也试图同时握手——遵循西方的传统。但他们混合。当他们握手时，他们也会像
鞠躬一样上下移动身体。看起来他们正试图从一口井里的旧水泵抽水。
2) ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship:
Here “ritual” refers to the things people unanimously (unanimous: in/showing complete agreement) do or say when parting. “One-upmanship” means one tries to be more polite than the other. If one says on e “Goodbye”, the other will say it two or three times.
这里的“仪式”指的是人们在分手时一致(一致地:在/表现出完全一致的)做或说的事情。“one - up风度”是指一个人试图比另一个人更有礼貌。如果一个人说“再见”，另一个人会说两到三次。
3)That same “slow” is used in another polite expression used by the host at the end of
a particular large and delicious meal to assure his guests what a poor and inadequate host he has been.（这里“slow”被用在“怠慢” 这个词组里）
同样的“慢”也被用来作为主人在一顿丰盛美味的晚餐的最后一种礼貌的表达，以确保他的客人是一个贫穷和不称职的主人。
III. In-Class Reading Activities
Bridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully
1 .to slip into: pass gradually into a state or situation, in a way that is hardly noticed.
It amazed him how easily one could slip into a routine.
He slipped into the room when no one was looking.
The boy slipped into bed and went right to sleep.
to slip one’s memory/mind: to be fo rgotten
These points had entirely slipped my memory. His name slipped my mind 2….without all your foreignness exposed (without +N+P.P)
e.g. without all your weakness exposed
without all the mail delivered
without all the products delivered
without all the apples picked
without all her sensitivity revealed
3. to start out: begin
e.g. He has started out to study French. He stared out to write his report.
We all start out in life as helpless infants.
to start out :leave; set out
We stared out from home in the morning.
Bill started out for school on his bicycle.
4. when it came to seeing…: When talking about seeing; When it was a case or
question of seeing…
When it comes to relationships, everyone makes mistakes.
When it comes to hard work, you can rely on him.
When it comes to mathematics, I am completely at sea.
The school has very good teachers, but when comes to buildings, the school is very poor.
5. to see sb off: to go to an airport, station etc. with sb who is leaving
to see his friends off at the bus stop
Are you coming to see us off at the station?
This morning he had not even come to see them off.
to see about sth: to deal with
The first thing we must do when we arrive in London is to see about a hotel.
to see through sb/ sth : not be deceived by
He cannot fool me; I can see through him every time.
I saw through his trick.
to see sth through: continue it until the end
Whatever happens, we’ll see the struggle through
to see to sth : attend to it
There was much to see to.
Who is seeing to the arrangements for the meeting?
6.An abrupt goodbye would not do.
to do : be acceptable（行，合适，可以，凑合）
Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday?
It will do if you let me know in an hour or so.
That is not quite what I wanted, but I think it will do.
7. to smooth over: to make (difficulties) seem small or unimportant使…缓解，使… 平
息下来
It will be difficult for you to smooth over your differences after so many years.
经过这么多年，你想消除你们之间的分歧谈何容易。
The teacher smoothed over the quarrel between the two boys.
Bill tried to smooth over his argument with Mary making her laugh.
8. to pick up: get, gain（非正规地）学会，学到
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris.
Young children soon pick up words they hear their elders use.
Statistics isn’t a subject that can be picked up in a month.
to pick up: take hold of and lift
He picked up the book and gave it to her.
to pick up: gather together ; collect
Pick up your room before mother sees it.
to pick up: to give sb a lift
Pick me up at the hotel.
At the next corner the bus stopped and picked up 3 people.
9. to send sb off: to say good-bye to sb; to see sb off
There was a large crowd to send him off.
All the students want to send the teacher off.
to send sth off: to post/mail (a letter, parcel, message…)
I would like to send off the parcel by early post.
Why haven’t you got my letter? I sent it off last week.
to send sb off: (esp. in football) to cause a player to leave the field because of a serious breaking of the rules
The judge sent Li Jingyu off
10.to involve : cause … to take part in
This problem involves us all.
Don’t involve you in the quarrel.
That’s no concern of me. I’m not involved.
to involve: have as a necessary result
To accept this work involves living in London.
Housework involves cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.
The plan involves the co-operation of both young and old.
11.to assure(sb that)…to cause sb to be sure向谁保证，肯定地说
I assure you that you are wrong.
I assure you that the medicine cannot harm you.
Nothing can assure permanent happiness.
t o assure sb of…向。。。保证一定，肯定地向…说
I can assure you of my full support for your plan.
He assures us of his ability to work.
to ensure: to make sure保证，使一定得到
to ensure sb sth. to ensure sth to sb to ensure that
The book ensured his success.
This me dicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep.
These documents ensure to you the authority you need
I cannot ensure that he will be there in time. .
to insure: make a contract that promises to pay a sum of money in case of accident, loss, death etc.
The old lady has insured her life.
My house is insured against fire.
12.to put sb to trouble:给某人造成麻烦，增添麻烦
I don’t like putting you to so much trouble.
I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.
I don’t want to put you to a lot of trouble.
to ask/look for trouble: behave so as to cause trouble
What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.
Don’t you go looking for trouble?
to get into trouble: to be in trouble
He is always getting into trouble with the police.
to get sb into trouble
If you do, you might get me into trouble.
to have trouble in doing: to have difficulty in doing
Did you have much in finding the house? I have some trouble in reading the letter.
to take trouble over sth; to take trouble to do sth: use much care and effort in doing sth
He should take more trouble over his work.
He has taken endless trouble to make a success of our picnic.
They took a lot of trouble to find the right person for the job.
13.to insist on :to order strongly坚持要求，一定要
I insist on an answer.
He insisted on a second message being sent.
She insisted on lending them a car.
He insisted on her staying in London.
to insist that…should do/be
Mary insisted that he be present.
I insisted that he (should) go.
to insist : to declare firmly坚持说，强调
I insisted my correctness.
He insists on the need to work hard.
I insisted to everyone that he was wrong.
He insisted that I ought to see Brown alone.
14.to go against sth: be opposed or contrary to sth违背，违反
His thinking goes against all logic.
They are going against our wishes.
to go against: to resist or oppose抵抗或反对
Don’t go against your parents.
He went against the advice of his friends and resigned.
15. to be likely to do It is likely that (likely: that seems reasonable /probable)
It is likely to rain. I thought I wa sn’t likely to see you again.
It is likely that he will do very well.(He is likely to do very well.)
It’s highly likely that he will succeed.
16.to hold true也符合…的情况，能成立
It has always held true that man cannot live without laws.
Bob is a good boy and that holds true of Jim.
17. with regard to: in regard to; concerning; about ;on; with respect to
With regard to John, I will write to him at once.
I spoke to him with regard to his low marks.
In regard to your problem, I should like to make a suggestion.
In regard to the test tomorrow, it is postponed.
With respect to those letters, I think the best thing is to burn them.
He wants to talk to you with respect to your journey.
18. to take(a)pride in: to be proud of ,to pride oneself on
His letters indicate that he loved his son, and took pride in him.
He takes a pride in his work.
He prided himself on being a man of self-control.
19. to take one’s word(for It):to believe what one says
You can take my word that he is innocent.
They took his word for it when he promised to return the money within a week.
III.Reading Comprehension Activities
阅读理解活动
1．Understanding the main idea of the passage
2．理解文章大意
Topic Sentence
…slip into a culture without all his foreign edges/foreignness exposed Supporting evidence:
A. Parting customs:
a. one custom: The host ….will smooth over the visitors’ leaving and make them
feel they will be welcome to come again.
The author’s problem: She constantly found herself tongue-tied.
Her solution; At first she often hid behind her husband and then she gradually picked up the words and phrases.
b. another custom: The host and hostess feel they must see a quest off to the
farthest feasible point except those less important or young.
A problem she met with as a quest: She tried to discourage the host and
hostess from seeing her off, but failed.
Her conclusion: It is better to accept the inevitable.
Chinese modesty vs. American straightforwardness(Para. 8-12)
At a party, when complimented for cooking skills
a Chinese will appear to be modest and apologize f or giving “nothing” even
slightly edible(sth. that can be eaten) and for not showing enough honor by providing proper dishes.
an American is likely to say, “Oh,, I’m glad that you like it. I cooked it especially for you.”
When talking about their children,
Chinese parents will say that their children , even if at the top of their class in school, are always so “naughty”’ never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth;
American parents will straightforwardly speak proudly of their children’s achievements.
hearing the word “no”,
a Chinese will not take it the first time;
an American will take it to mean “no”
Conclusions(Para 13): Life becomes much easier once you have studied up on cultural differences.
主题句
…陷入没有他所有的外国的文化边缘/外来性接触
支持证据:
离别海关:
答:一个自定义:主机…。将会使游客的离开更加顺利，并使他们感到他们将会再次到来。
作者的问题:她经常发现自己张口结舌。
她的解决方案;起初，她经常躲在丈夫后面，然后她逐渐学会了单词和短语。
另一个习俗:主人和女主人觉得，除了那些不那么重要的或年轻的人以外，他们必须看到一个最可行的方法。 问题她会见了一个任务:她试图阻止主机和女主人看到她,但是失败了。
她的结论是:最好是接受不可避免的。
中国谦虚与美国人的坦率(帕拉。8 - 12)
在一个聚会上,当称赞烹饪技巧
中国将出现温和甚至道歉给“无”略食用(……这是可以吃的，因为没有足够的荣誉，提供适当的菜肴。
美国可能会说,“哦,,我很高兴你喜欢它。我特别为你做的。
在谈到他们的孩子,
中国父母都会说他们的孩子,即使在学校的顶尖学生,总是那么“淘气”从不学习,从不听长辈,等等;
美国父母会直截了当地说骄傲的孩子的成就。
听到“不”这个词,
中国不会把它第一次;
美国将是一个“不”
结论(Para 13):生活变得更容易,一旦你学习了文化差异。
3．Questions for discussion
问题的讨论
Do you agree wit h the author’s description of Chinese people? Give your reasons.
In some way I agree with her, e.g. sending people off to the farthest feasible point, apologizing for a very delicious meal by saying they have prepared nothing, saying “no” before they accept something. But I don’t think that parents will say to others that their children are always naughty. Now like American parents, Chinese parents are proud of their children in their hearts and will also praise them in front of others
Have you ever noticed some other Chinese customs that are different from foreigners?
Yes.
Examples:
When Americans receive a present, they will unwrap it immediately. But the Chinese will never do that. They will wait until the giver is gone.
Americans say “hello” to each ot her when they meet, and the Chinese say: “Where are you going” or “have you eaten?” if it’s meal time. But this is not absolute. Many people are influenced by foreign cultures and they will say “Hello” too.
There are some taboo (something which religion or custom regards as forbidden) topics according to American culture, but they are not taboos in China, these are: age( especially female’s age), salary, religion etc.
Americans decide before the meal that will pay for it, but the Chinese will say nothing before the meal and after the meal, everyone will volunteer to pay, so there is usually a lot of expressions of politeness and protests. It sounds very noisy.
你同意作者对中国人的描述吗?给你的原因。
在某种程度上我同意她,如派人去最远的可行点,道歉很美味的饭菜,说他们什么都不准备,他们接受一些之前说“不”。但我不认为父母会对别人说他们的孩子总是淘气。现在，像美国父母一样，中国的父母也会为自己的孩子感到骄傲，也会在别人面前表扬他们
你有没有注意到一些不同于外国人的中国习俗?
是的。
例子:
当美国人收到礼物,会立即打开它。但中国人永远不会那样做。他们会等到送礼人走了。
美国人说“你好”时彼此见面,和中国说:“你去哪里”或“你吃了吗?如果是吃饭时间的话。但这不是绝对的。许多人受到外国文化的影响，他们也会说“你好”。
有些禁忌(宗教或自定义认为禁止)根据美国文化主题,但它们并不是禁忌在中国,这些都是:年龄(特别是女性的年龄),工资、宗教等等。
餐前美国人决定要为此付出代价,但是中国会说什么餐前和餐后,每个人都会自愿支付,所以通常有很多表达礼貌和抗议。听起来很嘈杂。
IV.Further Development
进一步发展
1．C omparing Dining Customs
1）American dining customs:
to be on time. If you cannot, call the host or hostess
bring a box of candy or some flowers depending on the situation
to stand up when a woman enters till she is seated.
to help the lady sit down by pushing her chair under her.
When a prayer is being offered, keep silent with bowed head.
Use one hand whenever possible and keep the other one on the lap.
Between bites, put the fork on the plate while drinking coffee or buttering bread.
Put the spoon where it will lie flat.
Don’t use silverware for eating bread. Hold it in fingers, usually breaking it first.
If you want to leave the table during the meal, say to the host or hostess, “Would you please excuse me for a minute?”
Stay for two or three hours after the meal.
Thank the host by saying “Good-bye. It’s been a thoroughly enjoyable evening,” When you leave.
2）Listing Taboos in China
Samples
1. D on’t say the word “die” or even avoid saying words with the same
pronunciation to anybody.
2．D on’t give others pears, or umbrellas as a gift, because they denote “parting”
3．D on’t send a clock to Chinese people, especially an old man, because it carries
a funeral connotation.
4．D on’t pat an adult the head: it’s insulting
5．D on’t hug your Chinese friend’s wife even for greeting. It could make the husband unhappy.
6．D on’t bring food to a Chinese family when you go for a meal. They will be unhappy since think you look down upon them by bringing them food.
7．D on’t present even number of gifts.
8．N ever call your superiors by their first names, especially when they are much older then you.
1.比较餐饮习俗
1)美国餐饮习俗:
在时间。如果不能，打电话给主人或女主人
根据情况，带一盒糖果或鲜花
当一个女人走到她被塞住的时候，站起来。
为了帮助这位女士坐下来，把她的椅子推到她的下面。
祈祷时,保持沉默垂头丧气。
尽量使用一只手,让另一个膝盖上。
之间咬,把叉子放在盘子里,而喝咖啡或奉承面包。
把勺子将所在平面。
不使用餐具吃面包。用手指握住它，通常先把它打碎。
在饭桌上,如果你想离开,对主人或女主人说,“请原谅我一分钟吗?”
呆饭后两三个小时。
谢谢主持人说“再见。当你离开的时候，这是一个非常愉快的夜晚。
2)清单禁忌在中国
样品
1 .工作不要说“死”这个词，甚至避免和任何人说同样的发音。
2.不要给别人梨,或雨伞作为礼物,因为他们表示“分手”
3.中国人民不要送时钟,尤其是一个老人,因为它有一个葬礼内涵。
4.不拍成人头:这是侮辱
5.不拥抱你的中国朋友的妻子甚至问候。这可能会让丈夫不高兴。
6.不给一个中国家庭带来的食物当你去吃饭。他们会很不高兴，因为你认为他们给他们带来了食物。
7.不存在大量的礼物。
8.没有叫你的上司的名字,尤其是当他们更年长的你。
9．
2. Writing
Write a composition on one of the following topics listed below. You can base it on the result of your discussion. You should write at least 100 words. Remember to write neatly.
1)Dining Customs in China
2)Taboos in China
写一篇文章，下面的题目之一。你可以把它建立在你讨论的结果上。你应该至少写100字。记得要写整齐。
1)餐饮在中国海关
2)在中国的禁忌
Samples:
Dining Customs in China
中国海关的餐厅
Every country has its own peculiar dining customs. The Chinese feel that the first rule of being a courteous guest is to be modest. If a person is invited to dinner, he will decline first. As the host keeps on inviting him, he finally accepts it. Usually the guest will bring some gifts to the host. The host doesn’t accept the gift immediately. He’ll say :No, don’t bother!” or “Why did you bring gifts? You are too polite!”
每个国家都有自己独特的饮食习惯。中国人觉得作为一个有礼貌的客人的首要原则是谦虚。如果一个人被邀请吃饭，他会先拒绝。当主人不断地邀请他时，他终于接受了。通常客人会给主人带一些礼物。主人不会马上接受礼物。他会说:不，别麻烦了!或者“你为什么带礼物?”你太客气了!”
When the guest sits down and starts chatting, the host offers something such as candy or fruit. The guest always says: “No, no, don’t bother. I an not hungry.”
当客人坐下来开始聊天时，主人会提供一些诸如糖果或水果之类的东西。客人总是说:“不，不，别麻烦。”我不饿。”
When the dinner is served, the guests are invited to sit down first. They sit in the chairs that are facing the south, which are considered honored seats. After everybody is seated, the host asks them to eat because the guests will not eat until the host says so. The guests often eat very little because this is polite. Much food is left to show that the host has prepared more food than enough. 用餐时，请来宾先坐下来。他们坐在面向南方的椅子上，被认为是尊贵的座位。每个人都坐下后，主人叫他们吃饭，因为客人要等主人说了才吃。客人们经常吃得很少，因为这是礼貌的。很多食物都是为了证明主人准备了足够多的食物。
When the dinner is over, guests will offer to help in the cleaning, but of course, the host will not let them do so. They are asked to watch TV or drink tea. After some time, the guests will leave. It is customary for the host to see the guests off. The host tries to see them off to the farthest feasible point while the guests try to let the host stop and not see them off. Of course, the guests will invite the host to their home in order to repay him.
当晚餐结束时，客人们会主动提供帮助，当然，主人不会让他们这样做。他们被要求看电视或喝茶。过一段时间，客人们就会离开。是习惯的主人为客人送行。主机试图看到他们去最远的可行点,而客人试图让主机停止并没有看到他们。当然,客人将邀请主人回家为了报答他。
Taboos in China
中国的禁忌
China is a country with a lot of splendid culture. It also has its own taboos. Here are just some examples.
中国是一个有着灿烂文化的国家。它也有自己的禁忌。这里有一些例子。
Don’t send Chinese clocks, because it has a funeral connotation.
Do n’t wrap any gift with white paper, because white is associated with death. It’s more preferable to wrap it with red paper, because red stands for happiness.
Don’t wear anything white on your hair, because this means death.
Don’t insert chopsticks in the middle of the rice bowl, because this is done when people pay respects the dead at the tomb.
Don’t wear the clothes dressed on wedding, because people say in this way, one will marry more than one husband.
Don’t do any cleaning during the Spring Festiva l. This will make you lose money.
You can’t say “death”, because it is not polite. You’d better wear red and don’t wear white. “Red” stands for happiness.
The married women should stay at their mother-in-law’s until the 2nd day of the lunar New Year. Normally, the whole family will gather together during the festival and talk with each other happily. The children will get a red envelope with money in it.
At dinner, the young can’t start eating until the oldest or the most respected begins to eat.
We can’t send umbrellas to a newly married couple, because it denotes separation. We can’t cup a pear apart for the same reason.
不要送中国的钟，因为它有葬礼的内涵。
不要用白纸包裹礼物，因为白色与死亡有关。更可取的做法是用红纸把它包起来，因为红色代表幸福。
不要在头发上涂白色，因为这意味着死亡。
不要把筷子插在饭碗的中间，因为这样做是在人们尊重死者的坟墓的时候做的。
不要在婚礼上穿衣服，因为人们这样说，一个人会娶不止一个丈夫。
春节期间不要打扫卫生。这会让你赔钱。
你不能说“死”，因为这是不礼貌的。你最好穿红色的衣服，不要穿白色的衣服。“红色”代表幸福。
已婚妇女应在婆婆家待到农历新年第2天。通常情况下，全家人会在节日里聚在一起愉快地交谈。孩子们将得到一个装有钱的红包。
在晚餐时，年轻人不能开始吃，直到最年长或最受尊敬的人开始吃东西。
我们不能把雨伞寄给新婚夫妇，因为它表示分离。由于同样的原因，我们不能把梨分开。