地道英语句典A-Z #351-360
地道美语实用句子中英对照总汇，把整体美语环境带到你面前唯一途径。
（某些措辞可能不雅或冒犯，请读者原谅和自行选择）
*(公平地)1(对待)2你的(员工)3 (不单是)4(道德上的需求)5而也是(健全)6的({商业上有效试图来达成目}7a/{惯常商业实践行为}7b): Treating2 your employees3 fairly1 (is not only)4 (a demand of ethics)5 but also of sound6 ({business
economy}7a/{business practice}7b).
*这条(高速公路)1(一旦)2({完成}3a/ {建筑好}3b)将会成为这(城市)4跟(这国家其他地方)5(连接的)6(主要/ditto)7(通道)8: This new highway1, once2 ({completed}3a/ {constructed}3b), will be the (major/key)7 artery8 that links6 this city4 with (the rest of the country)5.
*我告诉他: “时常用(人行横道)1来(过这一条马路)2, 那是(更安全)3和你不会因(违规过马路)4收到({告票}5a/{罚款}5b)”: I told him: “Always use the crosswalk1 to (cross this street)2. It’s safer3and you won’t get a ({ticket}5a/{fine}5b) for jaywalking4.”
*这(需要时间)1但(最后)2这个(有天才的女演员)3应会成为(在前面显著位置)4的(明星)5而不(只是)6在(不显眼背后位置)7的(道具)8: It (takes time)1 but eventually2 this (talented actress)3 should become a star5 (at the forefront)4, and not just6 a prop8 (at the background)7.
*与其(涉及)1(婚姻破裂)2的(伤害性详情)3, 那明星走({道德上正当的途径}4a/{道德上崇尚的途径}4b)(基本上)5(对媒体没说什么)6在那(事项)7: Instead of (getting into)1 (hurtful details)3 of the (marriage breakup)2, the movie star took the ({high road}4a/ {moral high ground}4b) and basically5 (said nothing to the media)6 on the matter7.
*她说: “我的(经理)1(对一切事情霸道地坚持自己方法)2(拒绝)3(考虑)4我的({意见}5a/{看法}5b).” 她的朋友说: “为什么你会(浪费你的时间)6尝试跟像他那个(笨蛋)7(讲道理)8: She said: “My manager1 (bullies his way through everything)2 and refuses3 to consider4 my ({opinions}5a/ {views}5b).” Her friend said: “Why would you (waste your time)6 trying to reason8 with an idiot7like him?”
dē: XXXXX
dé:
得: (~) obtain or achieve; (不~) (not) allow; (~了) OK
*他说: “我从这本书1(得益不少/ditto)2.”: He said: “I’ve (got a lot/gotten plenty)2 from this book1.”
*他从(不恭维的)1(体重)2(得到)3(“胖子”)4的(别号)5: He netted3 the nickname5“fatso”4 from his unflattering1 weight2.
*(多年来)1这(小孩子)2 (尽力来抓得)3(父母的)4(爱心)5和(注意)6但(不能成功取得它们)7: (For years)1 the (little boy)2 has been (reaching out for)3his parents’4 affection5 and attention6, but (was unsuccessful in getting them)7.
*他说: “可能你能够(告诉我)1怎么可以(得到/ditto)2(两张/ditto)3星期六那(演唱会)4的(票子)5.”: He said: “Maybe you can (tell me)1 how I can (get my hands on/get hold of/obtain/get/acquire/attain)2 (a couple of/a pair of/two)3 tickets5 for the concert4 this Saturday?”
*(持械抢劫银行/ditto)1平均(所得款项)2是低于五千块钱但(坐牢刑期)3是(最少十至二十年/ditto)4: The average take2 in a (bank holdup/armed bank robbery)1 is less than $5,000, but the (prison term)3 is (minimum 10 to 20 years/10 to 20 years at the minimum)4.
*我们以(一半/ditto)1的(平常价钱)2以(先到先得方式)3来({清除}4a/{售卖}4b)(有限量供应)5的(手提电脑)6: We are ({disposing of}4a/{selling}4b) a (limited supply)5 of (laptop computers)6 at (50%/half)1 of the (regular price)2 on a (first-come first-serve basis)3.
*没有(规例)1女性在(约会游戏)2中不可以({主动采取行动}3a/{是主动采取行动者}3b),因为(是那么样)4我(婶母)5(得到)6我(舅舅)7: There’s no rule1 that females cannot be ({aggressive}3a/{the aggressors}3b) in the (dating game)2, because that’s how4 my aunt5 snagged6 my uncle7.
*儿子问道: “妈妈, (电冰箱空了)1, (我们晚饭吃什么呢)2?” 母亲说: “(不用担忧)3, 我将会(找得到)4一些东西我(保证)5你(不会挨饿)6.”: The son asked: “Mom, the (fridge is empty)1. (What are we going to eat tonight for supper)2?” The mother said: “(Don’t worry)3, I’ll (scrounge up)4 something and I guarantee5you (won’t starve)6.”
*他说: “(回顾)1({我以前的感情关系}2a/ {我参与的所有重要球赛}2b/{我所有的钓鱼旅程}2c)我能够(时常记得那些)3({失掉的}4a/{差一点得到而失掉}4b).”:He said: “(Looking back)1 on ({my past relationships}2a/{all the big games I played}2b/{all my fishing trips}2c), I can (always remember the ones)3 that ({got away}4a/{narrowly got away}4b).”
德: (~)virtue; (恩~) benevolence
*女人(一般)1(认为)2他那副(轻视他人)3和(高傲)4的(德行)5 (没有吸引力)6: Women generally1 find2 his snobbish3 and arrogant4 disposition5 unappealing6.
*当有(困难/ditto)1(时期)2这公司的(管理层)3(采取)4(最道德的途径)5(把员工留薪)6: When times2 were (tough/rough)1, management3 of this company took4 (the high road)5 and (kept the workers on the payroll)6.
*一个(商业上的朋友)1已经告诉我这个(律师)2是一个(没有道德的状棍)3是(不可以信任的)4: A (business associate)1 has told me this lawyer2 is a shyster3 and (cannot be trusted)4.
*这个职员是(聪颖)1和(有很多潜质)2但(工作)3({道德}4a/{态度}4b)上({太悠闲}5a/{缺乏劲力}5b/{缺乏急迫的意识}5c): This employee is smart1 and (has a lot of potential)2, but his work3 ({ethics}4a/{attitude}4b) ({is too laid-back}5a/{lacks
intensity}5b/{lacks a sense of urgency}5c).
*他是个(不顾道德)1的(蚊型股票)2(推销员)3(使用)4(高压的)5(销售策略)6去(抛售)7(一文不值的股票)8给(没有戒心的)9(投
资者)10: He’s an unscrupulous1 (penny stock)2 promoter3 using4 (high pressure)5 (sales tactics)6 to unload7 (worthless stocks)8 to unwary9 investors10.
*(公校理事会)1(采取道德为上立场)2来(对抗儿童痴肥)3, (尽管)4(丰利)5(收入)6的(分享)7而(禁止)8(学校)9(食堂)10所有(售卖汽水饮料)11: The (Public School Board)1 (took the moral high ground)2 to (fight child obesity)3, and banned8 all (soft-drink sales)11 in school9 cafeterias10 despite4 the lucrative5 revenue6 sharing7.
*从(无助的)1(老年人)2(诈骗/ditto)3他们的(终生积蓄)4是({道德上不能接受}5a/{应受责备}5b/{不能想象/ditto}5c/{令人震惊/ditto}5d/{可悲/ditto}5e): (Bilking/Scamming/Cheating/Conning/Defrauding)3 helpless1 seniors2 out of their (lifetime savings)4 is ({unconscionable}5a/{reprehensible}5b/{unimaginable/inconceivable/ unthinkable}5c/{outrageous/ shocking/appalling}5d/ {despicable/contemptible}5e).
*(工会的)1 (会长)2对他说: “(声称)3你对顾客({账单索价过高}4a/{索价过高}4b)的(行为)5, 如果(证实)6(有根据)7,是(行业的)8 (自愿)9和(自我施加)10的(道德规范)11(不能接受)12, 并(可能会)13(遭受)14(纪律制裁)15.”: The Association’s1 President2 said to him: “Your alleged3 conduct5 in ({overbilling}4a/{overcharging}4b) customers, if found6 to be substantiated7, is unacceptable12under our industry’s8 voluntary9 and self-imposed10 (code of ethics)11, and (could be)13 (subject to)14 (disciplinary actions)15.”
*我们的(政府)1已经(采取)2(积极/ditto)3的(步骤)4来({抑制}5a/{缩减}5b)(剥削)6(工厂劳工)7那些人要在于(不道德/ditto)8的(工作环境)9下 (不合理/ditto)10 (长时间)11(工作)12来取得({奴隶般的}13a/{微小的/ditto}13b) (工资)14: Our government1 has taken2 (positive/active)3 steps4 to ({curb}5a/{curtail}5b) exploitation6 of (factory laborers)7 that work12
(unearthly/unreasonably)10 (long hours)11 under (ungodly/immoral)8 (working conditions)9 for ({slavery}13a/
{measly/meager/paltry}13b) wages14.
dě: XXXXX
dè: XXXXX
de:
地: (~) la (exclamation word)
的: (~)’s (possessive case)
得: (~) possibly
dēi: XXXXX
déi: XXXXX
děi:
得: (~)(must/would/ought to)
*那母亲对她的儿子说: “你在学校(得更努力)1不然你不能够(进入大学)2.”: The mother said to her son: “You (have to try harder)1at school or you won’t (get into college)2.”
*(承包人)1说: “这(地窖)2(装修)3(工作)4(得需要)5(大概)6一个月来(完成)7.”: The contractor1said: “This basement2 renovation3 job4 (has to take)5 (about/roughly/more or less/approximately)6 one month to complete7.”
*(每天早晨)1(我得)2(一早起床)3并(艰辛地移动过)4(交通)5来(及时上班)6: (Every morning)1 (I have to)2 (wake up early)3 and (fight through)4 traffic5 to (get to work on time)6.
*他的舅舅(安慰)1他: “你的(事业)2可能(在逆境最低点)3, 但(你得)4(支撑下去)5, 因为(在黑暗尽头)6将会有(光明)7.”: His uncle consoled1him: “Your career2 may be (in the dump)3, but (you ought to)4 (tough it out)5 because there will be light7 (at the end of the tunnel)6.”
dèi: XXXXX
dēng:
登: (~山) climb (mountain); (刊~) publish (~记) register; (~场) appear on stage
*他说: “(国际航班)1你一定要(至少)2在(预定)3(出发时间)4两个半小时前(登记)5.”: He said: “You have to (check in)5 (at least)2 2.5 hours before scheduled3 (departure time)4 for (international flights)1.”
灯[燈]: (~) light
?灯台: lamp-stand
?台灯: desk lamp
?电灯: electric lights
?荧光灯: fluorescent lights
?本生灯: Bunsen burner
?霓虹灯: neon sign
?日光灯: fluorescent light
?水银灯: floodlight
?信号灯: signal light
?枝形吊灯: chandelier
?路灯[街燈]: street lights
?(挂灯/提灯): lantern
?(红绿灯/交通灯): traffic lights
?一百支火灯泡[一百火電燈膽]: 100 watts light-bulb
*他问道: “你可以把(电灯开关/ditto)1({开启}2a/{关掉}2b)吗?”: He asked: “Can you (flip the light/switch the light)1
({on}2a/{off}2b)?”
*那(摇摆乐的乐队)1在一个被(光线强到盲目)2的(水银灯)3 (照射的)4(舞台)5上(表演)6: The (rock band)1 performed6 on a stage5 illuminated4 by blinding2 floodlights3.
*这公司在中国 (去成功的故事)1是(其他企业)2的({指路明灯/ditto}3a/{激励的例子}3b): The company’s (story to success)1 in China is ({a beacon/guiding light}3a/{an inspiration}3b) to (other businesses)2.
*在这(邻区)1的(街灯)2在({黄昏}3a/ {日落}3b)(开启/ditto)4在({黎明/ditto}5a/{日出}5b) (关掉/ditto)6: (Street lights)2 in this neighborhood1 (come on/go on/are turned on/are switched on)4 at ({dusk/ nightfall}3a/{sunset/ sundown}3b), and (go off/are switched off/are turned off)6 at ({daybreak/dawn}5a/ {sunrise}5b).
*他告诉儿子: “去把({灯}1a/{收音机}1b/{电视}1c/{烤箱}1d) ({开启/ditto}2a/{关掉/ditto}2b): He said to his son: “Go and ({turn on/switch on}2a/{turn off/switch off}2b) the ({lights}1a/{radio}1b/ {television}1c/{oven}1d).”
déng: XXXXX
děng:
等: (~) wait; (~于) equals to; (~级) grades; (~~) etc. (et cetera)
等候室: waiting room
*(电话接线生)1(应答电话)2说: “(请稍等一下好吗)3.”: The receptionist1 (answered the phone)2and said: “(May I put you on hold)3?”
*({不问}1a/{没有允许}1b)(去取一些东西)2(相等于/ditto)3 (偷窃)4: (Taking something)2 ({without asking}1a/{without permission}1b) is (tantamount to/equal to/the equivalent of)3 stealing4.
*在(医生事务所)1(等候)2的(病人)3问(值班护士)4说: “(我还要等多久呢)5?”: The patient3 waiting2in the (doctor’s office)1 asked the (on-duty nurse)4: “(How much longer do I have t o wait)5?”
*(简易)1是(有效沟通)2的(要诀)3– (假定其他所有的情况是相等)4.”: (Assuming all other things being equal)4, simplicity1 is the key3 to (effective communication)2.
*(自从)1他(进行)2一个(节食计划)3, 他还吃(相当大量)4但(不相等于他以前惯于的一半)5: (Ever since)1 he (went on)2 a (diet program)3, he still eats (a fair bit)4 but (not half as much as he used to)5.
*那(市长选举)1({等于/ditto}2a/ {形成}2b)(两个)3(没人认识)4的(二者/ditto)5之间(角逐)6: The (mayorship election)1 has ({boiled down to/amounted to}2a/{shaped into}2b) a (two-way/two-horse)5 race6 between (a couple of)3 unknowns4.
*两年前这(最高酬劳)1的(运动员)2(还是)3一个在(等候机会)4(负盛名的)5(垒球球星)6: Two years ago this (highest paid)1
athlete2 was still3 a heralded5 (baseball star)6 (in waiting)4.
*儿子(很着急地)1说: “(让我们走吧)2!” 父亲说: “(等一下/ditto)3! 你的母亲还在(洗手间)4.”: The son s aid anxiously1: “(Let’s go)2!” The father said: “(Wait/Cool your heels [note: not “heel”])3! Your mother is still in the bathroom4.”
*她说: “(等一下/ditto)1, ({我把你的电话转过去}2a/{你没有走之前我要告诉你多一件事}2b).”: She said: “(Hang on/Hold
on/Wait a moment)1, ({I’m transferring your call.}2a/{I need to tell you one more thing before you go.}2b).”
*在(任何学校)1(男运动员)2和(拉拉队长)3的(圈内人)4似乎(时常)5在(社团优劣等级)6的(顶尖)7: The in-crowd4 of jocks2 and cheerleaders3 seems to be always5 at the top7 of the (pecking order)6 in (any school)1.
*(被告)1需要(焦急地等待/ditto)2直至(陪审团)3(完结/ditto)4(审议)5并(达到)6一个(裁决)7: The defendant1 has to (sweat it
out/wait anxiously)2 until the jury3 (finishes/completes)4 deliberation5 and reaches6 a verdict7.
*(不会缺乏)1(忧虑的)2(父母)3 (不睡眠来等待)4(至深夜)5(他们十几岁青少孩子回家)6: There is (no shortage of)1 worrisome2 parents3 (waiting up)4 (late at night)5 (for their teenage children to come home)6.
*(毕业后)1我的(生命)2(有多月)3(在搁置中/ditto)4(等待)5从(几百封)6我(发出)7的(求职信)8(听到消息)9: (After graduation)1, my life2 (was in limbo/was up in the air)4 (for months)3 waiting5 (to hear)9 from the hundreds6 of (job applications)8 that I (sent out)7.
*(一些人/ditto)1(争论)2(资本主义)3不是(等于/ditto)4(贪婪)5, 而是(推动)6(经济)7和(改善)8 (我们的生活)9的(奖励性力量)10: (Some/Some people)1 argue2 capitalism3 is not (synonymous to/the same as)4 greed5, but is the (motivational force)10 that drives6 the economy7 and improves8 (our lives)9.
*(在赛事之中)1(大雨倾盆而下)2两个(网球员)3要对({大雨}4a/{突然大雨}4b)(等待至停)5有三十分钟才(恢复比赛/ditto)6: The (sky opened up)2 (in the middle of the match)1, and the two (tennis players)3 had to (wait out)5 the
({downpour}4a/{cloudburst}4b) for thirty minutes before (resuming to play/resuming the game)6.
*一个(店员)1对(一列)2(在等候)3(顾客)4说: “请(等候你的轮次/ditto)5, 不要({跳至列队的前头}6a/{打尖别人前面/ditto}6b).”: A (store clerk)1 said to the (line/queue)2 of waiting3 customers4: “Please (wait your turn/wait for your turn)5, and do not ({jump to the head of the line}6a/{cut in front of others/cut in line/jump the queue/cut the queue}6b).”
*(选择)1(私人资金经理)2(最终是)3(相等于/ditto)4(人格正直的问题)5: 那(亿万富翁)6能(相信)7谁人去(管理)8他的(大笔投资组合)9: Ultimately3 the choice1 of a (private fund manager)2 (comes down to/boils down to/amounts to)4 (a matter of integrity)5 - whom can the billionaire6 trust7 to manage8 his (large portfolio of investments)9?
*经理走出去(会客地区/ditto)1对(访客)2说: “(我深深抱歉/ditto)3因为(使你等待/ditto)4 (那么久)5, 我(忙于/ditto)6在一个(长途电话)7.”: The manager came out to the (receptionist area/waiting area)1 and said to his visitor2: “(I’m deeply sorry/ I deeply apologize)3 for (making you wait/keeping you wait)4 (so long)5. I was (tied up/busy)6 on a (long-distance call)7.”
*他对他的女朋友说: “(你现时在那里)1?” 她说: “(离我所住地方)2(半个街区)3有一(咖啡店子)4, (二十分钟到那里)5, (我将会在等待)6.”: He said to his girlfriend: “(Where are you now)1?” She said: “There’s a (coffee shop)4 (half-a-block)3 (from where I live)2. (Be there in twenty minutes)5. (I’ll be waiting)6.”
*那(似乎)1(卷入麻烦的)2(情人之间吵架)3的(顽固一对人)4没有(互相对话)5(有多星期)6, 现在是一个(静默等待游戏)7看({谁个首先动摇}8a/{谁个首先让步}8b): The (stubborn couple)4, seemingly1 embroiled2in a (lovers’ quarrel)3, have not been (talking to each other)5 (for weeks)6, and it is now a (waiting game)7 to see ({who blinks first}8a/{who gives in first}8b).
*(总裁)1对(市场推广经理)2说: “那(广告)3一定要(传递)4一个关于我们(牌子)5在(时装市场)6(所处等级位置)7和(与他人区别特征)8的(清晰讯息)9.”: The president1 said to the (marketing manager)2: “The advertisement3 must deliver4 a (clear message)9 on the positioning7 and (distinguishing features)8 of our brand5 in the (fashion market)6.”
*(等待已久)1的(极度受欢迎)2 (男孩巫师)3(系列)4(最后一集)5(终于)6(抵达)7({商店}8a/{街上}8b)(好几百万册)9(在几小时中)10(飞出世界到处的书架)11: The long-awaited1 (final instalment)5 of the ever-popular2 boy-wizard3 series4 finally6 hit7 the ({stores}8a/ {street}8b), and (millions of copies)9 (flew off the shelves around the world)11 (in a matter of hours)10.
*正如我们的(成功)1(已证明)2, 我们(管理队伍)3的(青春)4不是(相等于)5(缺乏经验)6, 那只是(意味)7我们的公司在(将来
/ditto)8有(许多/ditto)9(去期待来临)10: As our success1 has proven2, youthfulness4 in our (management team)3doesn’t (equate to)5 inexperience6, and it just means7 our company has (plenty/a lot)9 to (look forward to)10 in (the years to come/the future)8.
*在(市场)1上有很多这个(受欢迎)2(手提媒体播放机)3的(仿制品)4但没有任何在(音响质量)5和(设计)6上({相等/ditto}7a/{接近/ditto}7b)(最畅销)8(款式)9: There are many imitations4 of the popular2 (portable media player)3 in the market1 but none ({comes up to/equals to}7a/{comes near/ comes anywhere near}7b) the top-selling8 model9 in (sound quality)5 and design6.
*他妈妈说: “你知道为什么要(小心)1你的(饮食)2?” 他说: “对, 我知道了, ({痴肥}3a/{不健康饮食}3b)会(导致)4(心脏问题)5, (高血压)6, (气喘)7, ({等等/ditto}8a/{等等的废话/ditto }8b).”: His mother said: “Do you know why you have to watch1 your diet2?” He said: “Yes, I know, ({obesity}3a/ {unhealthy diet}3b) could (lead to)4 (heart problems)5, (high blood pressure)6, (shortage of breath)7, ({et cetera/etc./and so on/and so forth/and all that/and whatnots/and all that jazz}8a/ {and all that nonsense/and all that baloney}8b).”
*一个(财政有问题公司)1的(经理)2对一个(恐吓)3因(拖欠债务)4(把那公司带上法庭)5的(供应商)6说: “如果你(维持耐心)7我们可能(找出一些办法)8, 但如果你(坚持控告我们)9, (我恐怕)10你要({排队等候}11a/{拿个等候的号码了}11b).”: A manager2 of the (financially troubled company)1 said to a supplier6 that threatened3 to (take the company to court)5 on (arrear debts)4: “We may be able to (work some thing out)8 if you (stay patient)7. But if you (insist on suing us)9, (I’m afraid)10 you have to ({wait in line}11a/{take a number}11b).”
*他说: “在过去两星期(股市已下跌)1百分之三十, (大约是时间)2你(把你的一生积蓄热烈地投入股票)3.” 她说: “股市还是({惶恐不安/ditto}4a/{紧张不安}4b)和(反复无常)5, 我将会({等待这情况过去}6a/{坐在一旁不参与}6b/{等待}6c)(多一会)7.”: He said: “The (market has dropped)130% in the last two weeks. (It’s about time)2 you (plow your life savings into stocks)3.” She said: “The market is still ({jittery/skittish/jumpy}4a/{nervous}4b) and volatile5. I’ll ({sit this one out}6a/{sit on the sideline}6b/{wait}6c) (for a while longer)7.”
dèng:
瞪: (~) (gaze/glare)
*(听到)1他的女儿(学年不合格)2他(只是坐在那里)3({对她瞪眼}4a/{严厉地对她瞪眼}4b): (On hearing)1 his daughter had (failed the school year)2, he (just sat there)3 and ({stared at her}4a/{gave her a stern stare}4b).
*那些(球迷)1({目瞪口呆看着}2a/{敬畏地看着}2b)那(篮球巨星)3(魔术般的奇技)4于(失去平衡下)5(杂技般)6(射进)7(在完场响号前及时一球)8来(赢取冠军)9: The fans1 ({were transfixed}2a/{watched in awe}2b) at the wizardry4 of the (basketball great)3 as he scored7 the acrobatic6 off-balance5 buzzer-beater8 to (win the championship)9.
*他说: “早一点你没有告诉你的老婆今晚我们在你的地方(打麻将)1吗? ({她整个晚上对我们狠毒地瞪眼}2a/ {如果瞪眼可以杀人, 我们已经被她愤怒的眼睛屠杀了一千反复多次}2b).”: He said: “Didn’t you tell your wife earlier we’re (playing mahjong)1 at your place tonight? ({She has been staring daggers at us all night}2a/{If stares could kill, we would have been slaughtered a thousand times over by her angry eyes }2b).”
凳: (~) stool
?凳子: stool
?长凳: bench
邓[鄧]: (~) (p. noun)
dī:
低: (~) low; (~) below; (调~) to lower
*这(股票)1(现在)2是(六成)3(低于/ditto)4(招股/ditto)5(价钱)6: The stock1 is presently2 60%3 (under water from/below)4 its (IPO/Initial Public Offering)5 price6.
*在(最近几个月)1(美金)2(对欧元)3(几乎每个星期)4(下跌/ditto)5 (至新低)6: In (recent months)1, (US dollar)2
(plunges/slumps/sinks/falls/ tumbles)5 (to new low)6 (against the euro)3 (almost weekly)4.
*很多(富有人士)1(宁愿)2(保持/ditto)3(低调)4(避免/ditto)5(公开注目)6: Many (rich individuals)1 (prefer to)2 (keep/maintain)3 a (low profile)4 and (stay away from/avoid/shun/shirk)5 the limelight6.
*由于(关于)1(在边境)2(某些土地)3(主权隶属)4两个国家的(关系)5(处于低潮)6: Relations5 of the two countries was (at a low ebb)6 over1 sovereignty4 of (certain land)3 (at the border)2.
*一个人(暴露于)1(冰冻气温)2的够在三个小时(之内/ditto)3 (死于/ditto)4(体温过低症)5: A person (exposed to)1 (freezing
temperature)2 can (succumb to/die from)4 hypothermia5 in (less than/under)3 three hours.
*她最近的三套电影(凄惨失败)1后她的(电影事业)2(达到最低点)3并(命名)4为(“票房毒药”)5: Her (movie career)2 has (hit bottom)3 and she is labeled4as (“box-office poison”)5 after her last three movies (bombed miserably)1.
*他说: “(一概而论/总体来说)1我们公司的(职员)2是(不能相信地)3(低质素/ditto)4和(无能/ditto)5.”: He said: “(Overall/In general/By and large/On the whole/All in all/In all/All things considered/Taking everything into account)1 the staff2 in our company is (wretched/inadequate)4 and (incompetent/incapable)5 (beyond belief)3.”
*他说: “三千块钱一个月是(仅仅足够最低数目)1我会需要来({足够支付}2a/{照顾}2b)我的(家庭费用)3.”: He said: “Three thousand dollars a month is the (bare minimum)1 I would need to ({cover}2a/{take care of}2b) my (household expenses)3.”
*在(最近三年)1那(奥斯加得奖者)2(保持低调/ditto)3(只是出现在}4a/{只是饰演}4b)(不重要的)5(配角色)6: In the (last three years)1 the (Oscar winner)2 has (kept a low profile/stayed low)3 ({appearing only in}4a/ {playing only}4b) minor5 (supporting roles)6.
*主管(对他称赞)1: “那(任务)2 (做得无懈可击)3.” 他(半开玩笑地)4说: “(老板)5, 你是(期望低于这个)6吗?”: The manager (praised him)1: “The job2 (was perfectly done)3.” He half-jokingly4said: “Boss5, do you (expect any less)6?”
*这个(笨蛋)1(时常)2(使他自己陷进麻烦)3, 但(不论/ditto)4(什么事情发生)5, 他的母亲(一点都不会看低他)6: This idiot1 always2 (gets himself into trouble)3, but (irrespective of/no matter/regardless of)4 (what happens)5, his mother (will not think any lesser of him)6.
*那个(形象顾问)1对那个(女性行政职员)2说: “(短裙)3并不(投射)4一个(专业形象)5令像你那般的(行政人员)6(看来低级)7.”: The (image consultant)1 said to the (female executive)2: “Miniskirt3 does not project4 a (professional image)5 and makes an executive6 like you (look cheap)7.”
*(港币)1(对比人民币)2昨天({达到/ditto}3a/{跌到/ditto}3b) (十三年的最低点)4(记录了)5 (历史首次)6(中国货币)7(价值超
过)8(特别行政区元)9: (Hong Kong dollar)1 ({touched/ reached/hit}3a/{fell to/dropped to}3b) a (13-year low)4 (against Renminbi)2 yesterday, marking5 (the first time in history)6 that the (Chinese currency)7 (was worth more than)8 (the SAR dollar)9.
*(经理)1对(放账限额管理主任)2说: “我同意这封(追讨)3 (过期不付缴款)4信5应该(强硬)6但(或许)7你能够把(最后一
句)8(调低语气)9(一点)10.”: The manager1 said to the (credit supervisor)2: “I agree this letter5 that demands3 (overdue payment)4 should be tough6 but maybe7 you can (tone down)9 (the last sentence)8 (a bit)10.”
*那(工头)1对(经理)2说: “(装修/ditto)3和(建筑)4({工作}5a/{工程}5b)(供应缺乏)6. 如果我们(极度需要)7(赢取这合同)8, 我们
要(蓄意压低)9(投标价)10.”: The foreman1 said to the manager2: “(Remodeling/Renovation)3 and construction4
({jobs}5a/{projects}5b) are scarce6. If we (desperately want)7 to (win this contract)8, we have to lowball9 the bid10.”
*(年龄过去下)1一些女人在(选择他们的伴侣)2(加轻微程度)3 (愿意减低)4她们的(志在)5, 但一些其他的(坚持/ditto)6({寻
找}7a/{抗拒直至得到}7b)({那一个理想的}8a/{那完美的男人}8b): (With the passing of age)1, some women are (willing to lower)4 their sights5 (ever so slightly)3 in (choosing their mates)2, but some others are (insistent/persistent/adamant)6 in ({finding}7a/{holding out for}7b) ({“the one”}8a/{the perfect man}8b).
堤: (~) embankment
防波堤: breakwater
*当一个(风暴)1(来临)2, (在区域的渔船)3(系绳索停泊)4在那(防波堤)5后面(来避难)6: When a storm1 approaches2, (fishing boats in the region)3 moor4 behind the breakwater5 (for refuge)6.
滴: (~)drop
*({龙头在滴水}1a/{你有一个滴水的龙头}1b): ({The faucet is dripping}1a/{You have a dripping faucet}1b).
*(贪污)1的(弊病)2从这公司的(上层)3开始(慢慢地滴下去)4 (较低等级)5: The disease2 of corruption1 starts from the top3 of the company and (trickles down)4 to the (lower rank)5.
*我(睡房)1(有长短针时钟)2的(滴答滴答声音)3(时常)4对我有(催眠的效果/ditto)5: The (tick-tock tick-tock sound)3 of the (analog clock)2 in my bedroom1 always4 has a (hypnotic effect/ hypnotizing effect)5 on me.
dí:
嫡: (~) of lineal descent
*她的(表妹)1(声称)2是(西班牙)3(皇室)4(嫡系)5(后裔)6, 那会使她成为一个({贵族}7a/{公主}7b): Her cousin1 claims2 to be the lineal5 descendant6 of the (royal family)4 of Spain3 which would make her a ({blue blood}7a/{princess}7b).
狄: (~) China races from north [古]
的: (~确) certainly
*他说: “我们(赶时间/ditto)1. 让我们(搭的)2去到达(机场)3吧.”: He said: “We’re (in a hurry/pressed for time/in a rush/short on time/short of time)1. Let’s (take a cab)2 to get to the airport3.”
*那母亲问她的儿子: “你(真的)1(做完你的作业)2吗?” 儿子回答道: “(我的确有)3!”: The mother asked her son: “Did you really1 (finish your homework)2?” The son answered: “(I most certainly did)3!”
敌[敵]: (~人)enemy; (~对) hostile
*在(电影行业)1(以前永远是将来也永远是)2是(青春无敌[意])3: In the (movie business)1, (youth is king)3, (always has been
and always will be)2.
*活士(一旦)1({走进顺境}2a/{赛事表现出色}2b)是(所向无敌)3: When1 Woods ({gets into a groove}2a/{is on his game}2b), he’s unbeatable3.
*他说: “我跟(邻家的邻居)1是(死敌)2我们已(已有多年)3(没有交谈)4.”: He said: “My (next-door neighbor)1 and I are (sworn enemies)2and we (haven’t talked to each other)4 (for years)3.”
*(通过时间)1我们将会(找出)2 (一个人)3(是否)4(友人)5或是(敌人)6: (Over time)1we’ll (find out)2 whether4 (a person)3 is a friend5 or foe6.
*活士({在第五场连胜}1a{连续五胜}1b)后他(享受)2(在高尔夫球场)3(无敌)4的(感觉)5: Woods is enjoying2 a sense5 of invincibility4 (at the golf course)3 after ({his fifth consecutive wins}1a/{five consecutive wins}1b).
*两个国家在({极端敌对}1a/{敌对}1b)(争执)2(关乎)3(丰富)4 (海底油田)5的(领土权利)6: The two countries are in ({bitter}1a/{hostile}1b) disputes2 over3 (territorial rights)6 to rich4 (undersea oil fields)5.
*他(改善/ditto)1他的(功夫本领)2(到一个地步)3(足够有信心)4(对抗/ditto)5(似乎是无敌的对手)6: He has (sharpened/ improved)1 his (kung fu skill)2 (to the point)3 where he is (confident enough)4 to (face off with/confront)5 his nemesis6.
*那(第一种籽球员)1(是他自己的最大敌人)2– (若是他来到一场球赛)3(没有准备)4和(不集中精神)5: The (#1 seed)1 (is his own worst enemy)2 (if he comes to a game)3 unprepared4 and unfocused5.
*这(政府)1不会(胆敢)2跟这(经以一致投票方式)3来(展示它的政治力量)4的(只顾自己利益)5(团体)6(为敌)7: The government1 would not dare2 to alienate7 this self-serving5 group6 who (flexes its political muscle)4 (through voting in a concerted manner)3.
*(罢工工人)1把(公交)2(完全停顿/ditto)3的(事件)4只会(促进)5(公众)6对那(工会劳工)7的(敌意态度/ditto)8: The incident4 of bringing (public transportation)2 to a (complete halt/complete stop)3 by (striking workers)1 only advances5 public6 (hostility/ animosity)8 towards (unionized labor)7.
*那两个(行政职员)1(他们之间)2有很多({敌意/恨意/ditto}3a/{竞争/ditto}3b)他们(竭尽他们全力/ditto)4去(胜过/ditto)5(彼此)6: The two executives1 have a lot of ({bad blood/hatred/venom/hostility/ bitterness}3a/{rivalry/ competition}3b) (between them)2 and they (try their utmost/try their damnedest/try their best)4 to (outdo/ outperform)5 (each other)6.
*那(被四面压迫的)1(犯罪头儿)2对他的(得力助手)3说: “(让我婉转地形容给你听)4, (你非友即敌/ditto)5, (没有两者之间的情况)6.”: The besieged1 (crime boss)2 said to his (right-hand man)3: “(Let me put it to you this way)4: (you are either with me or against me/if you’re not the solution, you’re part of the problem)5, and (there’s no in-between)6.”
*这(排名第一球员)1 (还没有)3 (达到顶峰在/ditto)4(他的竞赛)2对其他(高尔夫球员)5是(个恐怖的念头)6, 因为他已经在(晋级比赛)7(所向无敌)8: It’s (a scary thought)6 for other golfers5 that this (number one ranked player)1 (has yet)3 (to reach his
prime of/to peak in)4 (his game)2, because he is already unbeatable8 on tournaments7.
*在(生意)1上我们(四方八面)2被({公然宣称的/ditto}3a/{难以和解}3b/{残酷无情/ditto}3c/ {邪恶/ditto}3d/{有害/ditto}3e/ {暗地/ditto}3f/{危险}3g/{有潜在危险性}3h/{难以应付/ditto}3i/{不友善}3j)的(敌人)4(包围)5: In business1 we are surrounded5 (on all sides)2 by ({avowed/declared}3a/ {implacable}3b/{merciless/ hardhearted/ruthless/callous/ heartless/relentless/stone-hearted}3c/{evil/wicked}3d/ {malignant/malicious/ menacing/harmful}3e/{covert/ secret}3f/{dangerous}3g/
{hazardous}3h/{intractable/ difficult}3i/{hostile}3j) enemies4.
备注请参阅：地道英文俚语A-Z#0
1.Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻烦没来找你，就别去自找麻烦。 第一、四个trouble是动词，第二、三个trouble是名词。 2. I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong. 我认为那个学生写在黑板上的那个“that”是错误的。 第一个that是连词，引起宾语从句；第二、五个that是指示代词“那个”；第三个that在这儿相当于名词；第四个that是关系代词，引起定语从句。 3. I know. You know. I know that you know. I know that you know that I know. 我知道。你知道。我知道你知道。我知道你知道我知道。 4. We must hang together, or we'll be hanged separately. 我们必须团结在一起，否则我们将被一个个绞死。 这是一句双关语。前面的hang together是“团结一致”的意思，后面的hanged是“绞死”的意思。 5. The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog. 那只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了一只懒惰的狗。 这个句子包含了英语中的26个字母。 6. Was it a bar or a bat I saw? 我看到的是酒吧还是蝙蝠？ 这是一句回文句，顺着读和倒着读是一样的。 7. 上联：To China for china, China with china, dinner on china. 去中国买瓷器，中国有瓷器，吃饭靠瓷器。 下联：到前门买前门，前门没前门，后门有前门。 这是一副对仗工整、妙趣横生的英汉对联。下联中的第二、四、五个“前门”指“大前门”香烟。 8. 2B or not 2B, that is a ？ 这是一种文字简化游戏。它的意思是：To be or not to be, that is a question. (生存还是毁灭，那是一个问题 9.There are a lot of fish in the sea. 天涯何处无芳草。 10.You're a dead duck. 你死定了。
美国口语俚语（1） 1.clock in 打卡 Don't forget to clock in,otherwise you won't get paid. 别忘了打卡，否则领不到钱。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/ce9049110.html,e on to 对...轻薄；吃豆腐 Tanya slapped Bill after he came on to her. Tanya在Bill对她轻薄之后打了他一巴掌。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/ce9049110.html,e easily 易如反掌 Languages come easily to some people. 语言学习对有些人来说易如反掌。 4.don't have a cow别大惊小怪 Don't have a cow! I'll pay for the damages. 别大惊小怪的！我会赔偿损失的。 5.push around 欺骗 Don't try to push me around! 别想耍我！ 美国口语俚语（2） 1.keep one's shirt on保持冷静 Keep your shirt on. He didn't mean to offend you. That's just the way he talks. 保持冷静。那只是他说话的惯常方式，他并非有意要冒犯你。2.cool it冷静一点
Cool it. You are making me mad. 冷静一点。你快把我逼疯了。 3.joy ride兜风 Let's go for a joy ride. 让我们去兜兜风。 4.rap说唱乐 Do you like rap music? I have trouble understanding the words. 你喜欢说唱音乐吗？我听不太懂其中的歌词。 5.red-letter day 大日子 This is a red-letter day for Susan. She made her first sale to a very important client. 今天是susan的大日子。她和一个非常重要的客户做成了第一笔生意。 美国口语俚语（3） 1.go up in smoke成为泡影 Peter’s vacation plans went up in smoke when a crisis arose in the off ice. 办公室出了问题，peter的假期泡汤了。 2.hit the road上路 We should probably hit the road. It’s going to take us two hours to get home. 我们可能该上路了吧？到家的两个小时呢！ 3.shape up表现良好，乖 You’d better shape up if you want to stay on.
英语俚语的特点及翻译撰稿人：ＸＸＸ 学号：ＸＸＸＸＸＸ 指导教师：ＸＸＸ 日期：2012年3月24日
英语俚语的特点及翻译 学生：×××指导教师：××× 工作单位：×××× 摘要：如今越来越多的国人选择出国旅游或者是留学，美剧、英剧等英语剧在我国也越来越流行，人们接触到英语俚语的机会在不断的增加，但是很多人在翻译英语俚语的时候存在诸多问题，这样就使得人们无确理解英语俚语所表达的意思。本文基于这个目的，先是介绍了英语俚语的定义以及特点，接着分析了在翻译过程中常见的问题，最后提出翻译的方法，希望在翻译英语俚语的时候正确使用这些方法，准确的翻译出俚语所要表达的意思。 关键词：英语俚语；翻译技巧；俚语特点 1. 引言 当前随着国际间关系越来越紧密，很多人都会选择出国旅游或者是游学，大部分都会选择欧美地区，那么就免不了和当地人接触了。在欧美地区，英语作为主要的语言，被用于日常的生活中，但是日常生活并不是严肃的文学作品，日常交谈更加具有口语化，而这个时候英语俚语的使用次数就会增多。英语俚语的意思与英语单词本来的意思是不相同的，这就给听者的翻译工作造成了很大的障碍，不利于交流。 另外，如今大量的美剧、英剧也受到越来越多国人的喜爱，在观看美剧或者是英剧的时候，也会听到很多俚语，如果不能够理解俚语真实表达的意思，那么就不能够理解这个情景设置了，这对于观众欣赏电视剧也是不利的。 英语俚语与标准词语存在差异，相对于标准词语来说，英语俚语“具有较强的开放性、生动新颖性、带有感情色彩与修饰色彩、具有简洁性”[1]。正是因为英语俚语具有这样的特点，所以俚语在翻译上更加的复杂多变，这也就导致译文经常会存在错误，为此在翻译英语俚语的时候需要“准确理解原文、再现原文特色、再现说话者的个性”[2]。 2. 英语俚语概述 2.1 英语俚语的定义 英语俚语在以英语作为官方语言的国家经常使用，但是关于英语俚语的定义在学术界并没有一个统一的标准。最知名、使用频率最高的一个解释来自于《牛津现代高级英汉双解词典》，在这本词典中明确表示俚语是“一般用于朋友或同事间的谈话，但是不能够用于写作或正式场合的字词；特别指某一阶层人士的习惯用语”[3]。 说起俚语，总是不可避免的联想到暗语、黑话、行话，这是因为最早的俚语源自于暗语、黑话以及行话，不过后来随着俚语的不断发展，俚语与这三者有了很大的差别。暗语指的是“某一阶层、宗派等所用的惯用语、隐语或术语，目的是为了保守秘密防止他人知道而采用的一种语言形式”[4]；黑语指的是“为数很少的人才能理解的语言”[5]；行话指的是“因形式不好或者说得不好而让人很难懂的话”[6]。 英语俚语的来源非常的广泛，除了上文所述的暗语、黑话、行话，还源自于其他语种或者是从标准词汇转变而来。但是俚语更新换代的速度也非常的快，其具有“流行性”的特点。 2.2 英语俚语的特点 2.2.1 具有较强的开放性 英语俚语开放性非常的强，不单单可以吸收标准词汇，还可以吸收其他国家的语言。例如“drag”这个词语是一个典型的标准词语，表示“拖、拽”，但是在俚语里面，可以使用这个词语来表示“街道”[7]。再就是“sotto voce”，这个词语来自于意大利语，
1. kick ass 了不起 A: Wow, you fixed my computer in less than 10 minutes. You’re good. A: 哇! 你不到十分钟就把我的计算机修好了呀! 你很棒! B: Yep. I just kick ass. B: 是的! 我就是厉害! “kick ass”除了字面上的「踢屁股」外，还有「厉害、打败」的意思。当「踢屁股」时，比如某人放你鸽子，你很气，就可以说: “I’m going to kick his ass.” (我得踢他的屁股)。当「厉害」用时，就像上面例句一样用。”kick ass”还可作「打败某人的意思」。比如某人一向在某方面比你强，终于有一天你比他厉害了，你就可以说:”Hahaha…I kick ed your ass.”。觉得“ass”太难听的人，就用“butt”吧! 2. kiss ass 拍马屁 A: Mary, I’m sorry for cheating on you before. Do you see any chance that we c an get back together? A: Mary, 我真的很抱歉对你不忠实。你想我们可不可能重修旧好呢? B: I don’t know, but you can kiss my ass. B: 不知道，不过你可以亲我的屁屁(巴结我)。 「亲屁屁」好象不大卫生吧! 不过人家就是这样用，就照着「亲」吧! “cheat”除了作弊外，还有「不忠实」的意思。 3. XYZ 检查你的拉链 Hey, man. XYZ. 老兄啊! 检查一下你的拉链吧。 “XYZ”是“Check your zipper.”的意思。在美国，填表选项时多用打「X」来表示(台湾则用打勾表示)。这个选项的动作就叫”Check”, 也就是这里的 XYZ 的X所代表的。Y 是 Your, Z 就是 Zipper 啰! 4. Hit the road. 上路了。 A: Do you want to come in for some tea? A: 你要不要进来喝个茶呢?
常用英语俚语小汇总 英语俚语是一种非正式的语言，通常用在非正式的场合，所以在用这些俚语是一定要考虑到所用的场合和对象，不要随意用这些俚语。下面是一些常用的俚语。 a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush 一鸟在手，胜似二鸟在林 a blank slate 干净的黑板（新的一页，新的开始） a bone to pick 可挑剔的骨头（争端，不满） a cat nap 打个盹儿 a ouch potato 躺椅上的马铃薯（懒鬼） a headache 头痛（麻烦事） a knock out 击倒（美得让人倾倒） a load off my mind 心头大石落地 a pain in the neck 脖子疼（苦事） a piece of cake 一块蛋糕（小菜一碟，易事一件） a shot in the dark 盲目射击（瞎猜） a sinking ship 正在下沉的船 a slap in the face 脸上挨了一耳光（公然受辱） a social butterfly 社交蝴蝶（善于交际，会应酬的人） a thorn in someone''s side 腰上的荆棘（芒刺在背）
a turn coat 反穿皮袄的人（叛徒） a weight off my shoulders 放下肩头重担 an ace up my sleeve 袖里的王牌 ants in one''s pants 裤裆里有蚂蚁（坐立不安） back in the saddle重上马鞍（重整旗鼓） back on track重上轨道（改过自新） backfire逆火（弄巧成拙，适得其反） ball and chain 铁球铁链，甜蜜的枷（老婆） beat a dead horse 鞭打死马令其奔驰（徒劳） beaten by the ugly stick 被丑杖打过（生得难看） bet your life 把命赌上（绝对错了） better half 我的另一半 big headed 大脑袋（傲慢，自大） bigger fish to fry 有更大的鱼要炸（有更重要的事要办） bite the bullet 咬子弹（强忍痛苦） birds of a feather flock together 羽毛相同的鸟总飞成一群（物以类聚） blow up in you face 在眼前爆炸（事情完全弄砸了） break a let 折断一条腿（表演真实，演出成功） break the ice 破冰（打破僵局） brown nose 讨好，谄媚 bull in a china shop 瓷器店里的蛮牛（笨拙的人，动辄弄坏东
语言文字 对英语俚语翻译中等值性的思考 余郑 (四川大学外国语学院,四川成都 610065;成都信息工程学院,四川成都 610225) 摘 要 俚语作为英语文化中非正式的一种语言形式,在英语学习和英汉互译与跨文化交际中引起越来越多 学者和英语使用者的关注。本文通过分析英语俚语的突出特点,对其英汉翻译的细节提出了三点值得关注的 问题,对词义、语体和文化等值性的思考,旨在能更准确、恰到、精确的理解、翻译和运用英语俚语。 关键词 俚语;翻译;词义等值;语体等值;文化等值 作者简介 余郑(1975 ),女,重庆人,四川大学外国语学院在读博士,成都信息工程学院副教授,研究方 向:翻译与跨文化交际。 一、引言 随着改革开放的不断深入,随着中国与外界接触机会的日渐频繁,在日常生活中,从书刊杂志或是电影电视上,随处都可以听到或看到英语俚语的使用。但是,在中国传统的英语课堂中,教师和课本所选用的材料通常并没有把俚语列入学习范围内,所以在真正的跨文化交流中,往往会出现学了很多年英语的人没办法理解某些常用的俚语表达,造成了交流障碍的现象;或者在翻译过程中,译者往往也会因为俚语基本功的欠缺,而出现误译或错译的例子,这些都不得不说是一种遗憾。那如何才能最大程度的理解并翻译好这些俚语以达到成功的交际,便成了值得各位译者思考的问题。 二、英语俚语的定义与特点 (一)定义 英语俚语是一种使用频率较高的语言形式,通常形象生动、表现力强,并富有浓重的文化色彩和内在涵义(conno tation),常常在非正式或活泼、友好的场合中使用。对于俚语的定义,!朗文现代汉英双解词典?解释为#在严肃言语或文章中通常难以接受的字句;被视为很不正式或不礼貌的字句?;!牛津现代高级英汉双解词典?定义为#一般用于朋友或同事之间谈话,但不适于好的写作或正式场合的字词。?从这两种版本的释义不难看出,作为英语学习者,如果只通过正规的课堂和严肃的课本教育,是很难真正体会到英语俚语的含义和魅力。而对于翻译人员来说,如果没有多年的留学背景或在国外生活的经验,要全面掌握俚语的运用并做到英汉双语俚语自由的切换,的确是非常不容易。 (二)暗语、黑话、行话与俚语的关系与差异 大部分俚语的形成源自黑话(argot)、暗语(cant)或行话(jar gon)。但是随着使用环境和背景的不同,俚语同这三者也存在或多或少的差异。#黑话?(A rgo t)一词起源与法语,意为#为数很少的人才能理解的语言。?这个词通常会让人联想起犯罪团伙或黑帮社会所用的语言。#暗语?(Cant)一词意为#某一阶层、宗派等所用的惯用语、隐语、或术语,目的是为了保守秘密防止他人知道而采用的一种语言形式。?而行话(Jargon)一词意为#因形式不好或是说得不好而使人难懂的话。?它通常指某个特殊的行业或某个门道专门的术语,而非此专业的人一般很难听懂。虽然很多俚语来自这三种语言形式,但因其在日常用语中频繁的出现,早已被广大的本族语使用者所认同和接受,并在各自的语言中不断的重复和使用,所以它同黑话、暗语或行话便有着本质的区别。例如单词#crash ?,它原意有#猛烈的坠落或是发出声响的巨大的事故?,但在俚语使用中它却意为#睡觉?。如词组#crash pad ?,就是表示#紧急时睡觉之处?的意思。再例如词组#k ick off ?,它本源自足球比赛,意为#以开球的方式开始一场球赛?,但是现在#kick off ?可以指开始任何一件事,而不仅仅只是球赛。 93 第24卷第1期 攀枝花学院学报 2007年2月V o.l 24.N o .1 Journal o f P anzhihua U n i ve rsity F eb .2007
洛基提醒：英语学习已经进入互联网时代 经常看美剧的朋友可能会很有体会，英语俚语还是非常有用，你可以不会用或者用不好，但如果看到了或听到了，不明白它的意思，那同样影响交流的，因为有些英语俚语太常见了，每个词都认识，但就是不知道是什么意思。转了别人发布的一些俚语贴出来。 1 Be in the air将要发生的事情 The feeling or idea that something new is about to happen or is going to change. Example: From the arguments going on at the meeting, it seems that a change in policy is in the air. 2 Clear the air 消除误会 To settle a dispute and restore good relations Example: We had a meeting with the workers, and I think we’ ve cleared the air now. 3 Cost an arm and a leg 极其昂贵 To be very expensive Example: I love that fur coat. However, I don ’t think I ’m going to buy it because it costs an arm and a leg. 4 A bad egg 缺乏道德的人 Somebody who has no moral principles and should be avoided Example: You mustn’t lend Tim money, he ’s a bad egg. You’ll never see him or your money again! 5 In the Bag 稳操胜券 Said of an achievement which is secure Example: We have the deal in the bag. The client came in this morning to sign the agreement. 6 In the balance 未知的 ,不可预测的 Said when the outcome of a situation is unknown or unpredictable Example: His career as a pilot is in the balance, as his eyesight does not seem good enough. 7 Drive a hard bargain 极力讨价还价 To have the negotiating strength and skills to get the most advantageous price and conditions Example: Amanda is negotiating the best price from the suppliers. She drives a hard bargain. 8Ring a bell 看上去或听起来非常熟悉 9 Tighten one ’ s belt 节衣缩食 To cut down on spending because there is less income than before Example: Now you are out of work, you ’ ll have to tighten your belt and give up buying new clothes and going out so often. 10 Kill two birds with one stone一石二鸟 To complete two tasks together, with less effort than doing them separately Example: Since I’ d gone to the store to buy some bread, I thought of killing two birds with one stone and invited Mr. Biggs to the party. 11 Be in a black mood 情绪极差 To be so negative about everything that it is impossible for anyone to reason with him/her Example: My father has been in a black mood for days, we dare not say anything to him.
常用俚语大集合 1. a bird in the hand is worth two the bush 一鸟在手，胜似二鸟在林 2. a blank slate 干净的黑板（新的一页，新的开始） 3. a bone to pick 可挑剔的骨头（争端，不满） 4. a cat nap 打个盹儿 5. a chip off the old block 大木头上砍下来的小木片（子肖其父） 6. a chip on one's shoulder 肩头的木片（自卑感，因为自卑而爱找别人麻烦； 喜欢向人挑衅） 7. a couch potato 躺椅上的马铃薯（懒鬼） 8. a cake walk 走去吃糕（易事） 9. a headache 头痛（麻烦事） 10.a knock out 击倒（美得让人倾倒） 11.a load off my mind 心头大石落地 12.a nut 傻子，疯子 13.a pain in the neck 脖子疼（苦事） 14.a piece of cake 一块蛋糕（小菜一碟，易事一件） 15.a pig 猪猡 16.a shot in the dark 盲目射击（瞎猜 17.a short fuse 引线短（脾气火爆） 18.a sinking ship 正在下沉的船 19.a slam dunk 灌篮（轻而易举的事） 20.a slap in the face 脸上挨了一耳光（公然受辱） 21.a smoke screen 烟幕 22.a social butterfly 社交蝴蝶（善于交际，会应酬的人） 23.a stick in the mud 烂泥中的树枝 24.a thick skin 厚脸皮 25.a thorn in someone's side 腰上的荆棘（芒刺在背） 26.a turn coat 反穿皮袄的人（叛徒） 27.an uphill battle 上坡作战（在逆境中求胜）
浅析英语俚语及其翻译方法赵杨甩 许多学过英语的人在阅读英文原版书籍或看原版英文影视片时，常常感到有一定的困难，其主要原因是由于不熟悉英语俚语.本文就英语理语的涵义、形式与内容上的特点 及其翻译的方法谈几点看法。 二、英语俚语的特点及理语的使用 第一，常用一些简单易懂、生动活泼的具体事物形象，来表意传情，从而达到幽默、新奇和富有情趣的效果。 例如: (l)facelace脸上的带子。英语俚语表示一个人上了年纪，脸上布满了皱纹。 (2) bailand。hain禁锢犯人的锁链。在英语理语中常用来形容妻子，说明她们爱束缚丈夫。 第二，在使用时多与时间、情景、动物及人身体的部位等有关。例如: (1)blackSunday西方人认为十三是个不吉利的数字，因而遇到13号恰逢星期日时便称之为blaekSunday。 (2) bottle一neek瓶颈，是指拥挤的交通道口。 第三，理语的口语化色彩尤为浓重。 例如:Areyoufit?你准备好了吗?可以了吗? 理语是较常用的一种语言形式，运用恰当就能较形象、生动地表达思想，运用不妥当，
就会词不达意，甚至闹出笑话，令人无所适从。 因此，在使用理语时应注意以下几点: 第一，根据谈话的对象和当时的语言环境精心选择要说的俚语。一般来说，非正式场合如亲朋好友之间或者私人交谈的过程中，均可采用非正式英语、口语甚至健康、活泼带有善意讽刺内容的理语。但在正式场合或大庭广众之中，人们在表达思想时，就应当持谨慎态度，语言应规范，慎用俚语，更要避免和不使用粗俗、低级、庸俗的但语，以免有伤大雅，破坏高雅的气氛。 第二，要准确理解理语概念的含义，掌握其使用方法。对于自己将要使用的理语，一定做到对其含义有一定了解，否则就会成为笑料，有时会在无意中伤害听话者。尤其与外国朋友交谈时，对理语内涵十分清楚时才使用，而且就这样也不应多用。 第三，避免把母语中的俚语直译为英语。每种语言差不多都有俚语这一语言形式，而在不同语言中，理语的内容往往又是千差万别的，有时甚至意义完全相反。如果我们在使用或翻译过程中生搬硬套，就会事与愿违，闹出笑话，洋像百出。 三、英语理语翻译的几种方法 英语理语的翻译方法有许多，如果从内容的角度上看，其翻译大致可分为以下三类 即:委婉语的翻译、赌咒语的翻译和粗俗语的翻译。下面分门别类地分析一下: 第一，英语理语中关于委婉语的翻译，委婉语在理语中所占比
当别人在你旁边罗嗦个没完，你烦透了，说―You are so boring ―.(你真烦！)。―Shut up !‖（闭嘴！）自然没错，可人家受得了吗？不如来一句―Oh, come on .Give me a break !‖ (帮帮忙，让我歇歇吧！)这多地道、多幽默。 要想说人―气色好‖。―You look fine !‖当然不错，可如果你说‖You’re in the pink !‖就妙得多了，实际上，在英语口语中，表示颜色的词用起来非常形象生动。 ―他精力充沛‖美国人说：―He is bouncy.‖而不说―He is energetic ‖,牢记一些日常对话中的活句式是你一把必备的钥匙。 如：久仰，―I get mind of you ―.比‖I heard a lot about you.‖轻松得多。 代问他人好当然能用‖Please remember me to your sister .‖ 或‖Please give my best w ishes to your father ‖不过，若是很好的朋友，何不说，―Please give my love to Jim。‖ 在中国可不能随便说―我想你‖，然而，当和西方人分手时说―I will miss you .‖要比说―Goo d-bye‖或―See you soon‖有趣得多，不妨一试。 有人开会迟到了，你若对他说―You are late .‖，听起来象是废话，若说―Did you get lost ?‖，则更能让他歉然，可别说成―Get lost!‖那可是让人滚蛋的意思。 别人征求你的意见，问能否开窗户等，你要说―You can do that .‖就有点土了，用一句―Do you have the time? ‖实际上，问他人的姓名，地址都可以这么用：―May I have you na me?―要比‖What’s your name ? ‖礼貌得多，不过警察例外。 别人问你不愿公开的问题，切勿用―It’s my secret ,Don’t ask such a personal question .‖回答，一来显得你没有个性，二来也让对方尴尬。你可以说―I would rather not say .‖（还是别说了吧！）。 有时候，你想说什么，可说是想不起来，你可以说―Well …‖―Let me see‖―Just a moment ‖或―It’s on the tip of my tongue.‖等，想比之下，最后一个句型是最地道的。 交谈时，你可能会转换话题，不要只说―By the way ‖,实际上，―To change the subject‖―B efore I forget‖―While I remember‖―Mind you ‖都是既地道有受欢迎的表达。 遇到你不懂的问题时可别不懂装懂，―I know‖可能是中国人用得最多，而美国人最不能接受的一句话。当一美国教师向你解释某个问题时，你如果连说两遍―I know‖可能是中国人用得最多，而美国人最不能接受的一句话。当一美国教师向你解释某个问题时，你如果连说两遍―I know‖,我敢保证，他不会再跟你说什么了。用―I know ‖或―I got it ‖就顺耳得多，要是不懂就说―I’m not clear about it .‖不过如果你会说―It’s past my understanding‖或―It’s beyond me .‖你的教师定会惊讶不已的。 要想将地道习语熟练地运用于口语，下面内容，不可不读： ☆a black sheep 败家子 绵羊一般为白色，一旦成了黑色的绵羊，一定是个―败类‖。 Eric is a black sheep ,splashing one million dollars in a few years . 艾瑞克是个败家子，几年就挥霍了一百万美金。
英语中的俚语、口语或“顺口溜”很多，它们的意义，往往与字面意义不同，有时也不合文法的结构，所以正确了解和灵活使用，是学习英语者的难题之一。下面即是常见的一些，供读者参考。 1. to be (或become) fed up with (someone 或something)：意思是对某人或某事感到讨厌或厌倦（to get tired of; to be disgusted or to get sick of); 例如：I am fed up with his constant complaints.（他常常的抱怨令我厌烦。） We all became fed up with his long speech.（他的长篇演说我们都觉得讨厌。） The husband has been fed up with his wife's nagging.（老公对老婆的唠叨感到厌烦。） 如果只用「to be fed up」也可以： I will not wait for her; I am fed up. (我不想再等她了；我厌了。) (动词时态是：feed, fed, fed) 可见这句俚语似乎有「被动味道」，如果用feed，意思又不同了。 例如：The mother will feed the baby with milk.（母亲喂婴儿牛奶。) (feed 是及物动词) The cattle feed on grass (牛以草为生。)（feed 是不及物动词） 但是The cattle were fed with the grass by the farmer.（农夫用草喂牛。） (cattle 是复合名词，意为复数); 可以说：I am fed up with him. (我讨厌他) (但不能说：I feed up with him.） 2. to be in a rut：是指对每天同样的工作或是墨守成规一成不变的习惯，感到单调乏味 (to be tired of routine job; nothing new or excited) (rut 这个字本意是惯例或老套）。 例如：He has not been promoted for 20 years; he must be in a rut.（他廿年未获升级，一定感到单调枯燥。) After thirty years of the same job, he feels he is in a rut.（干了卅年同样的工作，他觉得枯燥乏味。）所以要放弃单调枯燥的生活方式，就是to get out of the rut. 例如：If you hate your old job, you need to get out of the rut.（假如你不喜欢你的老工作，你就要走出乏味的日子。） 3. to cut the cord: 意思是父母要让儿女离家过著独立自主的生活 (let your children leave home and become independent) (只用於父母与儿女间的关系); 例如：When your children are old enough to take care of themselves, you have to cut t he cord.（当你的孩子长大可以照顾他们自己时，你就应该让他们自力更生。）(即切断依赖父母的脐带。) It is very difficult for many Chinese parents to cut the cord with their children.（许多中国父母很难让儿女完全独立自主。）(注：这里的cord，是指umbilical cord 即脐带。） 4. to start from square one: 意思是上次没有成功，必须回到起点从头做起 (something did not succeed in the first place, have to start over again）(这与to be bac
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论英语俚语的翻译 引言 俚语，又称为隐语，是隐藏在普通语言之中的特殊语言，在人们的日常语言交流中，俚语以其活跃、生动的特点，成功获得了人们的喜爱，在人们的沟通交流中这种独特的语言形式展现出了语言的魅力和感染力，已经深深融入到了人们的生活中。随着英语在全世界范围内的广泛使用，英语俚语也随之被世界各地人们所知道。英语俚语在人们生活中被大量使用，经常出现在人们的日常交流和新闻媒体甚至是文学作品中。俚语在英语语种中有着很重要的地位，因此，要了解英语，使用英语并翻译英语，英语俚语是必须要面对的一个重点难点。 一、英语俚语的文化背景 俚语是一种俗语，在语言上是不属于标准英语范畴的，通俗口语化，带有浓厚的方言特性，通常还比较粗俗。在语言的概述里，俚语指的是民间的非正式的语句，源自于百姓日常生活沟通的总结，一般具有很强的地域性和生活性。就像中国的成语和俗语，都是经历长时间的生活积累，在使用中广为人知而后约定成俗，英语俚语，也是这样一个形成过程。在西方的文化中，因为某个时间段某个语句被人们大量接触和使用，又因为一些有趣的巧合或是小故事，被人们热衷使用，保持在当时社会中极高的关注度，在社会中流行开来，经过时间的沉
淀，语义或许会发生一定的改变，最后被标准化流传下来。英语俚语在英语中的来源无从考证，最初是出现在印刷品上，话语出自伦敦的罪犯，这些语言在使用上表示出了很强的负面情绪，大多数来自于社会的阴暗面，出自价值观念的冲突，在使用中经过不断的转变，成为了西方人们生活中的常用语言。 二、俚语的内涵 每一种俚语都有其自身的历史和流行的原因。俚语的内涵主要可以从俚语形成和俚语的使用特性两个方面来理解。从前文英语俚语的文化背景可以知道，俚语非常具有表现力，文字组成很灵活，可以应用于各种语境，在不同的语境下又会展示出不同的含义，非常难以琢磨。在使用中俚语也是多变的，在新的时期会结合新的现象表达出新的含义。俚语的形成方式可以是新概念的更替，可以是语音的扭转、字母顺序的变换或是音形并用等，不过最多的还是以形象的谬误为基础，有效的俚语可以在简短的几个字中把所指之物、用物之人及其社会背景都概括进来。俚语的使用通常是在非正式的场合，因其独特的语言魅力，最受幽默大师和新闻记者的喜爱。 三、俚语翻译理念 翻译，就是把一个国家的文字转变为另一个国家的文字，把一个国家的做品转变为另一个国家的作品，在这个过程中要想保持文字的原汁原味，即在保持原作风味的同时还不能因为文化差异和语言习惯而让人感出牵强生硬的痕迹。英语俚语已
容易犯错的英语口语1. The house is really A-1. (误译)那间房子的门牌确实是A-1号。 (正译)那间房子确实是一流的。 2. He bought a baker's dozen of biscuits. (误译)他买了面包师做的12块饼干。 (正译)他买了13块饼干。 3. A bull of Bashan woke the sleeping child with his noise. (误译)贝兴的一头公牛弄醒了那个酣睡的孩子。 (正译)一个大嗓门的人把那个酣睡的孩子吵醒了。 4. He was a cat in the pan. (误译)他是盘子中的一只猫。 (正译)他是个叛徒。 5. A cat may look at a king. (误译)一只猫都可以看到国王。 (正译)小人物也该有同等权利。 6. Even a hair of dog didn't make him feel better. (误译)即使一根狗毛也不会使他觉得好些。 (正译)即使是再喝解宿醉的一杯酒，也不会使他觉得好些。
7. Is he a Jonah? (误译)他就是叫约拿吗？ (正译)他是带来厄运的人吗？ 8. Jim is fond of a leap in the dark. (误译)吉姆喜欢在黑暗处跳跃。 (正译)吉姆喜欢冒险行事。 9. A little bird told me the news. (误译)一只小鸟将此消息告诉我。 (正译)消息灵通的人士将此消息告诉我。 10. Angela is a man of a woman. (误译)安吉拉是个有妇之夫。 (正译)安吉拉是个像男人的女人。 11. Nellie is a man of his word. (误译)内莉是他所说的那个人。 (正译)内莉是个守信用的人。 12. He paid a matter of 1000 yuan. (误译)他付了1000元的货物账。 (正译)他大约付了1000元。
真实生活口语中俚语是很多的，给英语非母语的人再添一个障碍。Niwot会陆续把自己觉得常用的补充进来，贴在安斯本的坛子上。希望大家发现好的也加进来。让我们先凑起一百个并背熟例句，到时候鬼子都会禁不住夸你口语地道！ 1,ace: She is an ace dancer. 就是牛X的意思啊。 2,all-nighter: I felt very tired after an all-nighter. 通宵。 3,beemer: That girl is driving a beemer. BMW, 宝马。气人的是，我们停车场里一辆牛款beemer的主人不是官最大的，当然不是最有学问的，而是一个有钱人的小千金。 4,booze: I'm going to bring a bottle of booze to your party. 酒 5,bummer: 坏事，不好的方面。别人要跟你说开车撞了电线杆子，你就要说Oh, bummer!一表感同身受。 6,chicken: He is really a chicken. 弱人 7,cool: 港片里的“酷”啊，用得实在多。 8,cop:That crazy driver was pulled over by a cop. 警察，可不要当面叫啊，当面叫"ShuShu". 9,couch patato: My roommate is a couch patato. 喜欢长时间坐那看电视的懒蛋。 10,deep pockets: I don't want to buy it, it's for people with deep pockets. 富鬼。
Safe and sound 安然无恙 Safe bind, safe find. 藏的稳，找的准 A saint abroad and a devil at home. 在外是圣人，在家是魔鬼 salt of the earth 社会中坚 The same knife cuts bread and fingers. 同是一把刀，切面包时也会切着手指。Saving is getting. 节俭等于增加收入。 Saying and doing are two different things. 说和做是两回事 The sands are running out. 时间不多了 Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. 互相奉承 The sea refuses no river. 大海不拒江河 see eye to eye 看法完全一致 see how the cat jumps 观望形势 see how the wind blows 观察风向；了解情况 see the light 恍然大悟 Second thoughts are best 慎思为佳 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实 Seek the truth from the facts. 实事求是 separate the sheep from the goats 区分善恶 serve one right 罪有应得 set the Thames on fire 干大事，做不寻常之事 Ships fear fire more than water. 船怕水，但更怕火。 Shipshape 井井有条 show the cloven hoof 原形毕露 show one's colours 暴露真面目 show the white feather 胆怯 A shy cat makes a proud mouse. 猫胆子小，老鼠胆大 shylock 不择手段的守财奴 Simon Legree 残暴之徒 Simple diet, healthy children. 粗茶淡饭，孩子健康 sink or swim 孤注一掷 Sit above the salt 坐上席，受尊敬 sit on the fence 骑墙，固守中立 sit on a volcano 处境十分危险 sit pretty 处于有利地位；过舒服日子 six and falf dozen 半斤八两 sixth sense 第六感官 skate on thin ice 如旅薄冰 The sky is not less blue because the blind does not see it. 蓝天并不因瞎子看不见而减少sleep a dog-sleep 打个盹儿 sleep like a log 沉睡不醒 slip of the tongue 说走了嘴 Slanders by many mouths can melt a metal. 众口铄金 Sleep is a thief; it steals half one's life. 睡眠是贼，他偷走了人的一半生命。 Small gains bring great wealth. 集小利，成巨富。