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英语句子成分和句子结构讲义

英语句子成分和句子结构讲义
英语句子成分和句子结构讲义

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

一、句子成分分析:(6种:主谓宾定状补)

1、主语(Subject):动作的发出者,可由名词、代词、不定式(to do)、或动名词(V-ing)等来充当,通常置于句首。

The sun rises in the east.

2、谓语(Predicate): 只有动词或动词短语才能充当,置于主语之后说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English.

3、宾语:动作的承受者

1)动宾位于谓语动词(vt)之后

I like China. (名词)

I like listen to the classical music.

2)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

4、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Marry is an English teacher.(名词)

5、状语。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。

He goes to school by bike.

6、补语

宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

We will make them happy. (形容词)

7、表语(Predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)

Five and five is ten. (数词)

He is asleep.(形容词)

The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)

The cleaner's job is to clean the street.(不定式)

(常见的系动词有be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), feel(感觉)...

It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

句子结构

简单句的五个基本句型

主+谓(vi不及物动词) She came./ My head aches.

主+谓(vt及物动词)+宾语She likes English.

主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.

主+系+表She is happy.

主+谓(vt.)+宾+宾补She makes her mother angry.

(There +be There lies a book on the desk. )

句子的种类:

陈述句/ 祈使句/ 感叹句/ 疑问句

练习:分析下列句子成分

1. Our school is far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

5.He broke a piece of glass.

6. Trees turn green when spring comes.

7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9.He wrote some letters to his friends. 10. We need a place twice larger than this one.

11. He asked us to sing an English song. 12. We will make our school more beautiful.

13. She showed us many of her pictures.

14. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.

15. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 16. Would you please pass me the cup?

17 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 18. Do you know the latest news about him?

19. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

翻译练习:

主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)

你应当努力学习。should hard you study

她昨天回家很晚。very went she yesterday home evening late

那天早上我们谈了很多。talked great morning we that deal a

会议将持续两个小时。will the two meeting hours last

1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动.The May Fourth Movement in Beijing in 1919 broke out . 每天八时开始上课。c lasses day eight at every begin

这个盒子重五公斤。this kilos box five weighs

五年前我住在北京。in Beijing lived five I ago years

主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)

1昨晚我写了一封信。wrote I a night letter last

2今天下午我想同你谈谈。want I to with this you talk afternoon.

3这本书他读过多次了。he book has many this read times.

4他们成功地完成了计划。they plan have carried out the successfully

5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。You reading must books finish these in two weeks 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。that speak gentlemen languages can three fluently.

7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。from received I a letter in Australia my pen friend 8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。cannot Jim himself dress

双宾语结构(主语+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语)

1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。taught Mr Johnson us last German year

奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。told interesting an Grandma story night me last

2.Mary把钱包交给校长了。the wallet Mary handed schoolmaster to the

3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?Would please me you pass the dictionary ?

4.他把车票给列车员看。the ticket he the conductor showed to

5.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。this term have written my parents I to three letters

6.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。My father bike me a new has bought.

7.Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。Robinson Crusoe himself made a boat

8.请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?Will please get you me a new copy?

10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?Shall call I a taxi you?

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾 语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练 习 主语(subject ):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) Tvventy years is a short time in history.(数词) To see is to believe ? (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主 语) 谓语(predicate ):说明主语的动作、状态和特 征。 表语(predicative ):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Seventy-four! You don' t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten.(数词) He is asleep.(形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.(不;卫式) The question is v/hether they vnll come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来),look (看起来),feel (摸起来,smell (闻起来),taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是),feel (感觉)??? 宾语: 1) 动作的承受者动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two ?(数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动需词) I hope to see you again.(不立式) Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?(宾语从句) 2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ? 3) 双宾语…-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.(名) We will make them happy.(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词) We study English. He is asleep. He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ? What he needs is a book. (代词) (动名词) (主语从 He is a teacher. (名词) It sou nds a good idea ? Her voice sounds sweet ? The food smells delicious. The door remains open. The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ? Nov/1 feel tired.

英语句子成分及结构专题

一、句子成分(M e m b e r s o f a S e n t e n c e) 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有:感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词(如the rich)⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如:Tom is a clever boy.(专有名词人名作主语) 画出句子的主语,并说明其构成方式: ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式 2.谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词) She didn't say anything. (代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)

英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 主语+不及物动词She came.. 主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. 主语+系动词+主语补语 She is happy. 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. (There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 名/代--动词--名/代 we-- saw --you. we-- did --the work. 主系表 名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. 相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

英语句子结构和成分详解

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英语句子成分和句子结 构分析 Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT

英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1 认识语法 一、英语语法分为两大部分 词法(微观遣词);句法(宏观造句) 01词法(微观遣词) 1.实词:有实际意义的词。 名词n.:表事物名称 动词vi./vt.:行为,动态。 vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语 vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语 形容词adj.:修饰n. 副词adv.:修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子 代词Pron.:代替n. 数词num.:表数量(基数词),表顺序(序数词) 2.虚词:没有实际意义的词。 介词prep.:说明词与词之间的关系 连词conj.:说明句子与句子之间的关系 冠词art.:在n.前,限定n. 感叹词int.:表达感叹 02句法(宏观造句) 1.句子的成分 2.句子结构 3.句子的变化 4.句子的功能 5.句子的类型:简单句,并列句,复合句 6.复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句 二、语法四大原则 1.词性决定词用 2.同类同用 同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致 3.动词即句魂 句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词 4.举一反三 由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属;认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群。语法精讲2 句子的成分 主体:主语,谓语,宾语,表语

次体:定语,状语,补语,同位语 主语:一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象。常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首。 The sun(名词n.) rises in the east. W e(代词pron.) are friends T wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history. S eeing(动名词) is believing T o be a teacher(不定式)is my dream W hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句 I t(形式主语)is time to go home(真正的主语)形式主语是为保持 句子平衡 谓语:表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English! I can(情态动词)do it! I don’t(助动词)know! H e is(系动词)asleep. 宾语:表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。 I play with him(代词) I like china(名词) H ow many do you need——we need two(数词) I enjoy working with you(动名词) I hope to see you again(不定式) D id you write downwhat he said(句子) U nder the snow(介宾短语),there are many rocks. H e gave me(间接宾语)a book(直接宾语) yesterday 表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任。凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方,后面必定带着表语 He is a teacher(名词) Seventy-four !you don’t look it(代词) F ive and five is ten(数词) H e is asleep(形容词) T his picture is on the wall(介词短语) M y watch is missing/lost (形容词化的分词) T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”(不定式) T he question is whether they will come(句子) 语法精讲3 定语:用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面。相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面。 H e is a clever boy T his is an apple tree

(英语)英语句子结构与成分试题(有答案和解析)

英语)英语句子结构与成分试题(有答案和解析) 一、句子结构与成分 1. 'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of . A.S+V+P B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+CO D. S+V+DO 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。它是 S+V+IO+DO结构。 My father (主语 S) +bought (谓语 V) +me(间接宾语 ID)+a new watch (直接宾语DO),故选 B。 【点评】考查句结构和成分。注意识记 S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。 2. Which of the following sentences is correct? A.He came in and sat down. B . We all like . C.When we met. He didn't say hello. D. We went out, headed for the bus stop. 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。 A 是简单句, came 和 sat 是 并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以 A 正确。 B 中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语 中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。 C 句的标点符号是错误的,把 met 后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。 D 句中 headed 前应加上 and 或者将headed 改为 heading 构成伴随状语。因此选 A。 点评】考查句法知识。 3.— What an interesting story she told us! —Yes, and her voice sounded . A.sweet B . small C . clearly D . sadly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她 的声音听起来很甜美。 sweet 甜的; small 小的; clearly 清楚地; sadly 伤 心地。 sound 是系动词,后跟形容词,故选 A。 【点评】考查系表结构。 4. John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is .

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