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Professor: You know, class, today we live in what's becoming essentially a single, worldwide civilization. There're still a few isolated areas that haven't hooked up to it yet, I guess, but the Africans are driving Toyotas, the Americans love sushi, the Chinese are shopping for Gucci bags, and the young people of Russia and Iran and Peru all wear Levi jeans and listen to rock music.
The greatest impetus for this globalization today is no doubt the internet, but one of the first major drivers of globalization came into being about two thousand years ago. It was the Great Silk Road, which was the oldest, longest, and most historically significant trade route in the world, and it significantly changed the cultures of almost all of continental Eurasia.
The Silk Road wasn't actually a single road, though. It was actually a network of trade routes between China and Italy, and it ran thousands of kilometers through and over and around the T aklimakan and Gobi Deserts, the Himalayas, and the Karakorum and Kunlun mountain ranges, through some of the most inhospitable geography on earth. Travelling across this vast area was difficult, to say the least, and it took centuries for these trade routes to reach completion.
The route from the West apparently began developing earlier. The Persian Empire controlled a large portion of the Middle East- from Syria to the kingdoms of India- so trade between these nations was already affecting, uh, influencing, their cultures. Then, when Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 330 BC, trade expanded into southern Europe, and Greek culture was extended as far east as what is now Afghanistan. Alexander's empire itself did not actually last very long, but waves of succeeding ruling peoples in this crossroads area brought their cultural elements into the mix, too. In the Gandara culture of northern Pakistan, for instance, Buddhist and Greek art was fused into a unique form, where many of the carved Buddhist idols strongly resemble statues of the Greek hero, Herakles.
The Silk Road developed more slowly from the East. Its first big impetus came during the Han
westward and sent out emissaries even farther west in search of allies. In 125 BC, one of their
a new, large breed of horse that would be invaluable for the Han cavalry. The emperor was
called, were obtained, and Chinese trade missions eventually pushed through to Persia,
Actually, the Silk Road's name wasn't coined until the nineteenth century, and silk was never its main commodity, though that fabric must have been very remarkable to Europeans, and it was certainly in demand. The road's most significant commodity was probably religion- primarily Buddhism, but to a lesser extent, Christianity and Islam as well. Buddhism surged east from northern India in the fourth and fifth centuries AD, where it later reached its height of development in China and Japan.
Meanwhile, the secret of silk production - which had been carefully hidden from foreigners- was finally discovered. In the mid-sixth century, the Byzantine emperor, Justinian, quickly sent secret agents to China to bribe silk experts and bring back some silkworm eggs. A Christian monk smuggled these eggs out, and after this time, silk was also produced in southern Europe.
The Silk Road's greatest years of art and civilization came in the seventh century, during the T ang Dynasty. In 754 AD, one of the largest Asian cities, Changan, at the eastern end of the road, boasted a population of more than five thousand foreigners from all over Eurasia. After this time, however, the internal stability of China began dissolving, and robbers and neighboring states increasingly pillaged the Silk Road caravans. Eventually, sea trade and sea travel began to supersede these slow, unsafe land routes.
Nevertheless, five hundred years later, the Silk Road was still viable enough to inspire its greatest chronicler, Marco Polo, whose book, "Book Million", so famously told of his nearly twenty-five years of travel- from 1271 to1295- along its length, and his travelogue still captivates the reader with the wonders he saw along the Great Silk Road.
大学英语听说3听力原文和答案 Unit 1 Reservations Part A Exercise 1 1. M: I’d like to book a double room with bath for four nights. W: Sorry, sir. We’re full up(全满). Can I recommend the Park Hotel to you? It is quite near here. Q: What does the woman suggest that the man do? 2. M: I’d like to see Mr. Jones this afternoon, please. W: I’m sorry but Mr. Jones will be busy the whole afternoon. Can you manage at 10:30 tomorrow morning? Q: What does the woman say to the man? 3. W: Can I book two tickets for the show ―42nd Street‖ on Sunday night, Oct. 31st? M: Sorry, madam. All the tickets on that night are sold out. But tickets are available for Nov.3rd(十一月三号). Q: When can the woman see the show? 4. M: I’d like to reserve(预订)two tickets on Flight 6051 to Edinburgh, for October 20th. W: Sorry, Sir. We’re booked up(预订一空的) on the 20th .But we still have a few seats available on the 21st. Q: When does the man want to leave for Edinburgh? 5. W: Garden Restaurant. May I help you?
第一章 1. What is an academic topic? ---A topic studied in schools by university professors and by scholars, around which a discipline and a body of literture have grown up. 2. What does research mean? ---Reading and study of various kinds of evidence, mainly but not exclusively drawn from written materials. 3. What kinds of materials may research be based on? ---Printed materials, written materials that are not printed, spoken materials, visual materials, and digital documents from the Internet. 4. What does “operating in a scholarly way” mean? ---Building new knowledge by analyzing and learning from what others have done and adding fresh insights to it. 5. What is the length of a typical research paper? ---10-15 double-spaced pages / 3000-5000 words. 第二章 1. What are the four elements discussed in the lecture? ---Subject, topic, question and thesis. 2. Which is supposed to be more specific, a subject or a topic? ---A topic. 3. What is an appropriate topic characterized by? ---It can be covered adequately and interestingly in just 10-15 pages. 4. Why was Lincoln able to win the election of 1860? ---Because of his ambiguous position on slavery/By not taking a very firm or clear stand on slavery. 5. What is the function of the thesis of a research paper? ---The thesis states what you want to say about the topic－your conclusion based on your research and thought. 6.How do you judge whether a topic is appropriate or not? ---It can be covered adequately and interestingly in just 10-15 pages. 第三章 1. What is a good topic? A good topic: ? is not merely a narrative, ? is not too broad, ? is not too narrow, ? has research sources, ? has not been overdone, and ? interests you. 2. What is a good working thesis? A good working thesis: ? can be stated in a single clear sentence, ? is a positive, non-obvious statement, and ? can be tested through research. 3.What kind of thesis is a good working thesis? ·It can be stated in a single clear sentence. ·It is a positive,non-obvious statement ,and ·It can be tested through research. 第四章 1. What is plagiarism? ---A kind of theft. 2. What does the word “publishing” mean according to the professor? ---Something printed in book/magazine form or anything posted on the Internet. 3. What are the four different types of plagiarism? ? Buying, borrowing, or reusing a paper. ? Claiming as your own a piece of writing from a published source. ? Quoting words, sentences, paragraphs, or pages from another writer’s work without giving that writer credit. ? Copying another writer’s sequence of ideas without giving that writer credit. 4. What transitional words does the professor use to introduce the four different types of plagiarism? ---First, next, also, finally. 5. What will you teacher or advisor do when you commit plagiarism? You teacher or your advisor will refuse to write a letter of recommendation. 6.what does the speaker mean when he explains the point “citing sources in a scholarly fashion”? Following standard rules and procedures to explain where you found the facts and ideas you are borrowing. 7.What does “publishing” also refer to? “Publishing” also refers to the act of posting an item on the Internet. 第五章 1. What is common knowledge? ? Information that you and your friends all know. ? Any information that could be easily obtained from many sources and that is not open to dispute or varying interpretations. (also) 2. What is a fact? ---An event in the real world that practically everyone can point to and agree on. 3. What is an opinion or interpretation? ---A personal spin (remark), attitude, or feeling to the real- world event, which not everyone will agree on.
人教版八年级（下册）英语学科试题及答案 英语试卷 本试卷分卷I和卷II两部分。卷I为选择题，卷II为非选择题。本试卷总分120分，考试时间120分钟。 卷I（选择题，共80分） 听力部分（第一节） I．听对话，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话你将听两遍。 （共4分，每小题1分） 1. A. B. C. 2. A. B. C. 3. A. B. C. 4.
A. B. C. II．根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答案。听两遍。（共6分，每小题1分） 5. A. Boring. B. Fantastic. C. Tiring. 6. A. About 10 meters. B. About 20 kilometers. C. About 10 kilometers. 7. A. At home. B. In the supermarket. C. In the library. 8. A. Because he did too much homework. B. Because he watched a soccer game until late. C. Because he caught a bad cold. 9. A. Mr. Green’s daughter . B. Mrs. Green. C. Mr. Green’s father. 10. A. Sunday. B. Wednesday. C. Monday III．听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。（共6分，每小题1分） 请听一段对话，完成第11至第12小题。 11. What does Joe want to be? A. An astronaut B. An engineer. C. A scientist. 12. Where will he live? A. On the moon. B. On a planet. C. On a space station. 听第二段材料，回答第13和14小题。 13. What is Henry’s father? A. A zookeeper. B. An animal doctor. C. A cleaner in the zoo. 14. How many foxes does Henry’s father look after? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. 听第三段材料，回答第15和16小题。 15. What happened to the man last Sunday? A. He hurt his head in an accident. B. He was caught in the rain. C. He walked into the tree and was hurt badly. 16. What should the man do? Ａ. Go to work as usual. B. Have a rest and drink more water. C. Take some hot food. IV．根据你所听到的短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。听两遍。 17. Sun Xi is a ____________ boy. A. lazy B. helpful C. shy 18. Sun Xi always thinks about how to ___________ in his free time. A. help his parents B. improve his Chinese C. make money 19. It took the boy ____________ to find a plan that worked. A. five years B. five weeks C. five months 20. From the passage, we know Sun Xi ___________________. A. won’t help the poor children any more B. will go on helping the poor children C. will ask more people to help those poor children 笔试部分
U N I T 1 Section A 1b Listen and look at the picture. Then number the names ［1-5］. Conversation 1 Nurse ：You don ’t look well. What ’s the matter, Sarah? Sarah ：I was playing with my friends at the park yesterday. Then it got windy, but I didn ’t put on my jacket. Now I have a cold. Conversation 2 Nurse ：What ’s the matter, David? Are you OK? David ：I ate too much junk food at my friend ’s birthday party. So last night, I got a stomachache. I almost couldn ’t get myself out of bed this morning. Conversation 3 Nurse ：What ’s the matter, Ben? Can you move? Ben ：Not really. I was playing soccer the other day and I hurt myself. It seemed OK at first, but now I have a really sore back. Conversation 4 Nurse ：You look really tired. What ’s the matter, Nancy? Nancy ：I didn ’t sleep very well last night. I have a toothache. It ’s terrible! I can ’t really eat anything either. It hurts a lot. Conversation 5 Nurse ：What ’s the matter, Judy? Judy ：I ’m sorry, but it ’s very difficult for me to talk. Nurse ：Oh, dear. What ’s the matter? Judy ：I talked too much yesterday and didn ’t drink enough water. I have a very sore throat now. 2a Listen and number the pictures ［1-5］ in the order you hear them. Conversation 1 Girl 1：You don ’t look well. Your face looks a bit red. Girl 2：Yeah, and my head feels very hot. What should I do? Girl 1：Maybe you have a fever. You should take your temperature. Girl 2：Yes, you ’re right. 听录音并看图。然后把这些名字按 ［1~5］的顺序编号。 对话1 护士：你看起来气色不好。怎么了，萨拉？ 萨拉：昨天我和朋友在公园里玩。然后刮起了风，但是我没有穿上夹克衫。现在我感冒了。 对话2 护士：戴维，怎么了？你没事吧？ 戴维：我在我朋友的生日聚会上吃了太多的垃圾食品。因此，昨天晚上我胃痛。今天早上我几乎起不来床了。 对话3 护士：怎么了，本？你能动吗？ 本：不完全能动。前几天我踢足球时伤了我自己。最初看起来还可以，但是现在我的背非常痛。 对话4 护士：你看起来很累。怎么了，南希？ 南希：昨天晚上我没有睡好。我牙痛。 非常痛！我真的也不能吃任何东西。它疼得厉害。 对话5 护士：怎么了，朱迪？ 朱迪：对不起，对我来说，说话非常困难。 护士：哦，亲爱的。怎么了？ 朱迪：我昨天说话太多而且没有喝足够的水。现在我喉咙非常痛。 听录音。按你听到的顺序将图画标上正确的序号［1~5］。 对话1 女孩1：你看起来气色不好。你的脸 看起来有点儿红。 女孩2：是的，而且我的头感觉非常 热。我该怎么办？ 女孩1：也许你发烧了。你应该量一下体温。 女孩2：是的，你说得对。 对话2 女孩1：怎么了？ 女孩2：我没有照顾好自己。昨天我 没有穿足够暖和的衣服。现在我咳嗽并且喉咙疼。 女孩1：你应该喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。 女孩2：那听起来是个好主意。 对话3 女孩：你看起来很糟糕!怎么了？ 男孩：我认为昨天晚上吃晚饭时吃得太多了。是饭店的自助餐。但是现在我胃痛。 女孩：那太糟糕了。下次你不应该吃这 么多。你应该马上躺下休息。 男孩：我想我应该。 对话4 女孩：你的脸怎么了？ 男孩：不是我的脸。是我的牙齿。我牙痛。 女孩：你应该看牙医并且做个X 光检 查。 男孩：但是会疼吗？ 女孩：不会，而且如果你现在不去看牙医 的话，以后甚至会疼得更厉害！ 对话5 女孩1：哦，不！发生了什么事？ 女孩2：刚才我在做饭时意外地割伤 了自己。
UNIT 1 Welcome to Insidermedicine In Depth. I'm Dr. Susan Sharma. Focusing time and energy on the most personally meaningful aspects of their work may help physicians avoid burnout, according to a survey published in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Here are some consequences of physician burnout, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine: ?Increased risk for substance abuse ?Damage to personal relationships, and ?Increased risk for developing inappropriate prescribing patterns Researchers from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester surveyed over 550 physicians in the department of internal medicine at a large academic medical center. The survey included questions about job satisfaction, emotional well-being, and the aspects of the jobs that were the most meaningful. As many as 34% of respondents met the criteria for burnout, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a low sense of personal accomplishment. The 88% who said they spent at least 20% of their working time on activities they found to be the most meaningful had about half the burnout rate of those who did not. Today's research highlights the need to optimize career fit among physicians in order to reduce burnout rates. For Insidermedicine In Depth, I'm Dr. Susan Sharma.1 UNIT 2 So I work in marketing, which I love, but my first passion was physics, a passion brought to me by a wonderful school teacher, when I had a little less gray hair. So he taught me that physics is cool because it teaches us so much about the world around us. Tonight I'm going to spend the next few minutes trying to convince you that physics can teach us something about marketing. So, quick show of hands —Who studied some marketing in university? (Show of hands.) Who studied some physics in university? (Show of hands.) Ooh, pretty good. And at school? (Show of hands.) Okay, lots of you. So, hopefully this will bring back some happy, or possibly some slightly disturbing memories. (Laughter.) So, physics and marketing: We'll start with something very simple, Newton's law: "The force equals mass times acceleration." This is something that perhaps Turkish Airlines should have studied a bit more carefully (Laughter.) before they ran this campaign. (Laughter.) But if we rearrange this formula quickly, we can get to acceleration equals force over mass, which means that for a larger particle, a larger mass, it requires more force to change its direction. It's the same with brands. The more massive a brand, the more baggage it has, the more force is needed to change its positioning. And that's one of the reasons why Arthur Andersen chose to launch Accenture rather than try to persuade the world that Andersen's could stand for something other than accountancy. It explains why Hoover found it very difficult to persuade the world that it was more than vacuum cleaners, (Laughter.) and why companies like Unilever and P&G keep brands separate, like Oreo and Pringles and Dove, rather than having one giant parent brand. So the physics is (that) the bigger the mass of an object, the more force is needed to change its direction. The marketing is, the bigger a brand, the more difficult (it) is to reposition it. So think about a portfolio of brands or maybe new brands for new ventures. Now, who remembers Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle? Getting a little more technical now. So this says that it's impossible, by definition, to measure exactly the state, i.e., the position, and the
初二期末考试英语听力原文 Ⅰ听力技能（三部分，共20题，计20分） 第一节根据所听到的内容，选择相应的图画。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后你将有5秒钟的作答时间。（共5小题，计5分） 1．.Last Sunday we went to the zoo and watched a dolphin show 2. I’m flying to Beijing next month. 3. She often helps his mother clean the room. 4. I need some bananas to make juice. 5. I took a class last weekend. I was tired. 听一段对话，完成第6小题。 6．W：What do you usually have for dinner? M：We usually have rice and vegetables．Sometimes we have some beef．But I don’t like it．I like fish best. 听一段对话，完成第7小题。 7．W：What a beautiful card!Is it for your classmate? M：No，it’s for my mother．Tomorrow is Mother’s Day! 听一段对话，完成第8小题。 8．W：Let’s go swimming，shall we？ M：Why not go for a picnic?It's more interesting． W：Good idea． 听一段对话，完成第9小题。 9．W：Hurry up，Jack．The football match is going to begin soon． M：Take your time．It’s half past one．We have got another fifteen minutes． 听一段对话，完成第10小题。 10W: Excuse me. How much is the dress? M: It’s 35 dollars. W: OK. I’ll take two. 听一段对话，完成第11至第12小题。 W: Did you go to the zoo? M: No, I went to the aquarium. W: Were there any sharks? M: No, there weren’t any sharks. But there were some really clever seals. I hung out with my friends in it. We were relaxed. 听一段对话，完成第13至第15小题。 M: Hello? W: Hi, Robert. It’s Susan. I’ve got your message. M: Thanks for calling me back. W: So, what’s up? M: Well, would you like to go to the EastPark tomorrow morning? W: Tomorrow morning? I’m afraid I can’t. I’ll have to stay at home and study. M: Oh, It’s a pity. How about Sunday morning? W: Sure. I’d love to. How shall we get there, by bike or by bus? M: What about taking a bus. W: That’s Ok. 第三节笔录要点。根据你所听到的内容，填写下面的表格，每空不超过3个单词。（共5小题，计 5分）
八年级英语（上）参考答案及听力材料 Topic 1，Unit 1 Ⅰ.1---5 BBBCC 6---10 ACDAD 11---15 CDBDB Ⅱ.1.win 2. bit 3. dream 4. club 5. grow Ⅲ. 1. in the future 2. play against 3. cheer on 4. keep fit/ healthy 5. all over the world Ⅳ. 1---5 DCBCA 6---10 CBDDB Ⅴ.1---5 DACBE Ⅵ.1---5 BBCAD 6---10 DCABC Ⅶ. Sang Lan is one of the best athletes in our country. She was hurt badly in a contest. So she can’t stand up, but she faces the facts bravely and overcomes all kinds of the difficulties. Now she is studying hard and trying her best to be a useful person to the country. Topic 2，Unit 1 Ⅰ.1---5 DACBC 6---10 CBCDA Ⅱ. 1. 同……比赛 2. 发生；进行 3. 整理床铺 4. 保持健康 5. 增强体质 6. stand for 7. try one’s best 8. more and more 9. all over the world 10. be good at Ⅲ. 1. Is Jane 2. won’t have 3. Who is 4. Which; can 5. How often Ⅳ. 1---5 DBADA 6---10 ADCBC Ⅴ. 1. What are they talking about? 2. No, I didn’t. 3. What a pity! 4. Can we watch it on TV? 5. Work must come first. Ⅵ. 1. mind 2. practices 3. fight 4. careless 5. century Ⅶ. 1---5 DABCC 6—10 AACDB VIII. Basketball is very popular in the world. Many young people like playing basketball. It’s my favorite sport. I am a basketball fan. I like Michael Jordan. He is a very famous player. I hope I can play basketball well and be a football star in the future. Topic 3，Unit 1 Ⅰ. 1---5 BCABC 6---10 AABDC II.1---5 CDDAD 6---10 ABCDB Ⅲ.1. environment 2. more and more beautiful 3. make friends 4. symbol 5. fond of IV. 1. were 2. race(match) 3. fastest 4. about 5. hurt(broke) 6. Bad 7. see(visit) 8. Congratulations 9. is(was/stays/stayed) 10. sorry V. 1---5 CBADD 6. football 7. Sunday 8. dear 9. cold 10. cloudy 11. later 12. behind 13. cold 14. head 15. angry VI. Wang Wei had a dream last night. In the dream, he volunteered to serve in the Beijing Olympic Games. He tried his best to help foreign friends from different countries. When he found a foreign friend in the street, he went up to him and asked him what was the matter. The foreigner told Wang Wei he was Jack, and he didn’t know the way to the Sun Hotel. Then Wang Wei helped him to find the Sun Hotel. Wang Wei talked with Jack on the way. He told Jack a lot about Beijing.
Unit One Optional Listening 1 Boy(B): Hey, Grandma, what’s in this box? Grandma(G): Oh, nothing really…just a few old keepsakes. B: Keepsakes? G: Young man, you know what a keepsake is! B: No, I don’t. I really don’t. G: Well, it’s something you keep. It’s something that gives you a lot of memories. B: Oh. What’s this? G: Now don’t go just digging around in there!... Hmmm, let’s see… that’s my first diary. B: Can I …? G: No, you can’t read it! It’s personal! I wrote about my first boyfriend in there. He became your grandfather! B: Oh, OK… Well then, what’s that? It has your picture in it. G: That’s my passport. You can see, I traveled to Europe by ship. B: What’s that big book? G: My yearbook, it’s my high school book of memories. B: Class of 1961! Boy, that’s old! G: That’s about enough out of you, young man. I think it’s time we put this box away and… Optional Listening 2 1. At the age of thirteen, I took my first trip alone. 2. I went to visit my grandparents in Los Angeles. 3. I felt very nervous about traveling so far, 4. but my mother said, “Don’t worry. You’ll be fine.” 5. I got on the airplane and talked for a long time to a very nice woman who sat next to me. 6. My grandparents met me at the airport and took me to their home. 7. I stayed there for two weeks, 8. and I had so much fun with them! 9. It was my first time in Los Angeles, 10. and I saw lots of really interesting places. 11. In the end, I didn’t want to go home! Optional Listening 3 Making memories A popular new hobby is scrapbooking---making beautiful books to hold special memories. Scrapbook pages can include photos, drawings, journal entries. It’s not hard to make a scrapbook that you will enjoy for many years. Here are the steps. 1. Choose a theme for your scrapbook pages. Some examples: “School days,”“Family travel,”“Memories of my grandparents,”“Baby’s first year.” 2. Select photos for each page. Two or three really good photos are better than ten so-so photos. 3. Find other paper keepsakes to use with your photos. Look for old newspaper clippings, postcards, tickets, report cards, letters--- anything made of paper. Use your imagination!