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高三英语书面表达教学

高三英语书面表达教学
高三英语书面表达教学

高三英语书面表达教学

四川省邻水县第二中学:王春贤高考英语书面表达主要考查考生以下四种能力:

1.观察能力:要求考生观察情景内容,分析、提炼、理顺要点,概括考题所要求表

达的全部内容。

2.运用能力:要求考生综合运用英语基础知识,选择正确的表达形式,如语态和时态等;灵活运用所学词汇和句型,准确地遣词造句;正确使用连接词和过渡句,连句成文。

3.思维能力:要求考生认真思考,展开合理的想象,科学组合信息,使内容表达自

然洗畅,使文章既有文采,又有条理。

4.书写能力:要求考生书写符合规范,准确使用标点符号以及字母大小写;要求

字迹端正、清晰,尽量避免拼写错误。不难看出书面表达对学生的能力考查是成系统的。

教师只有在平时教学中有意识地系统训练学生的英语写作能力,才能使学生在激烈的高考竞争中信心十足,游刃有余。笔者结合多年高三英语写作教学,总结出以下写作教学建议:

一、兴趣培养

既要培养学生的兴趣,又要保护好老师的兴趣。一方面,可以对学生进行“英语写作重要性”的教育;另一方面,可以让学生写真人真事,写师生都熟悉的人和事,如写:My family,My hobbies,My favorite teacher, Our schoolyard等。这样能更好地激发学生的写作热情,老师也能饶有兴趣地在批改作文过程中进一步了解学生的所思所想,为以后的教育教学服务。

二、循序渐进

“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。”英语写作能力并不是一蹴而就的。它必须由浅入深、由简到繁、由易到难、循序渐进、地进行训练。教师应注重抓基本功训练,严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子,注意大小写和标点符号。进行组词造句、连句成段练习时,要求学生写出最简单的短句,为以后英语作文打好基础;可以联系实际生活,要求学生写出含有一般过去时、一般将来时、现在或过去进行时、现在完成时等形式的句子。例如:Last Sunday afternoon Tom and I called on our English teacher.He was preparing his new lessons.Hardly had he graduated from Nanjng Normal University when he came to work in No.1 Middle School.it was in 1990 that he arrived here.He said he would do what he could to help us with our English.It is about l5 years since he Began to work here.另外,可结合高中英语基础知识的复习,对学生的写作能力的要求提高一步。如复习American English一课时,可要求学生写出The Differences between American English and British English。

三、限时训练

规定写作时间,限时发卷、交卷,促使学生快速接收、理解并表达信息,提高实际运用和应试能力。这一步是关键,也是学生的难关。首先必须使学生明白高考书面表达不是汉译英,逐字逐句翻译是不够的,要有适当发挥,但发挥要有度,要紧紧围绕题目,抓住要

点进行展开,千万不能遗漏要点,本末倒置地胡乱发挥,并且尽量做到不超出要求的字数范围,以免出错扣分。下面是本人要求学生在写作过程中牢牢记住的口诀:“细看提示,把握要点,确定格式;当心时态和语态,前后呼应要连贯;巧选句型和搭配,语言习惯莫违背;书写端正细检查,默读两遍把分加。”学生明确目的并掌握要领后,要严格在规定时间内完成作文。训练的初级阶段,每次时间可放宽一点。随着学生写作能力的增强,时间可以相应缩短,逐步做到25分钟内完成任务,绝不能养成拖拉的坏习惯。。

四、利用范文,正确引导

学生在进行短文写作训练时,教师应提供各种文体的范文,讲明各种文体的要求,如日记、便条、书信、通知的格式等,并给予必要的提示。每次发完材料,教师可与学生同时

撰写短文。规定时间一到,学生立即停笔,听教师读范文。教师的范文不仅要在格式、内容要点、语法修辞与语言习惯上给学生树立样板,而且要考虑到英语的多种表达方法。学生在经过一阵紧张的思维与写作之后,及时听到一篇比较规范的范文,比较一下自己的作文,可初步衡量出自己答题的准确度,找出差距,及时查出作文中的缺点。

1.写作前的利用写作前,教师先提供优秀范文。如看图写话类作文,出示2000年高考的书面表达题,先提供审题和审图的思路,再让学生分小组讨论内容要点,接着教师和学生一起从结构、人称. 时态、词汇、承接等方面构思,最后学生欣赏、领会其可取之处。这样利用范文让学生有机会和老师比较自己的构思,从而发现问题,产生顿悟之感。接着教师领着学生一起朗读、背诵,之后再布置一篇相应的叙事类看图写话作文,让学生边学边用,由领会式掌握自然转化为复用式掌握。

2.写作后的利用每次在学生完成一篇书面表达后,教师应该用多种方法及时(当天或当堂) 出示范文,如用听写参考答案的方法—一个学生在黑板上写,其余学生听写在练习本上。这样做既能练习听力,又能练习写作。或者通过实物投影出示范文,讲评时要求学生特别注意自己难以表达的和没有把握的词语、句子结构及表达方式,充分对比和揣摩范文,大声朗读,有意识背诵,反对死记硬背,要求在理解中灵活记忆。

3.平时的利用利用课余时间读范文,指导学生先看写作要求,有时间则写,没有时间则打腹稿,但必须先思考应如何去写,之后再读和背。这样对各种文体都有接触,到考试时就不会手忙脚乱,无从下笔。

五、加强改错训练,促进写作能力的提高进行改错的强化训练,有利于学生对自己的语言错误和语言学习方面的不足有更清楚的认识。高考短文改错题考查的内容很有典型性,是对学生纠正错误和写作能力的检测。通过改错训练来强化写作能力,学生在写作完毕检查时就会有意识地注意容易出错的地方和常犯的错误。改错、写作两种方式相结合、相互促进、对高考试题第二卷的应试将起到重要作用。同时错误检查是英语写作训练中必不可少的环节。在英语写作训练中指导学生着重从下列四个方面进行错误检查:1.查句式,看句子成分是否完整,语序是否正确等。

2.查动词,看谓语动词时态、语态用得是否恰当,主谓是否一致,非谓语动词形式

是否正确等。

3.查习语、搭配,看是否符合英语表达的习惯等。

4.查其他,看有无单词拼写错误,尤其是动词的过去分词拼写是否有误,看词数是否符合题目的要求等。

平时作文教学中错误检查可以采用下列方法:

1.集体评改。选择几篇错误比较典型的作文,教师把这些典型错误相对集中在一篇中并投影在屏幕上,让学生动手参与评改。在此基础上教师总结纠正。

2.相互评改。学生与学生之间相互评改,可以相互学习,取长补短,共同提高。这种学生间的相互评改不仅可以培养学生发现错误,改正错误的能力,而且也为水平不同的学生提供了一个学习的机会。因为不论学生的水平如何,他们每个人的作文中或多或少都会有可以示范的布局或佳句。

3.单个面批。通过随机抽样,抽出部分学生的书面表达进行面批。在面批的过程中,教师要针对具体情况,引导学生自己发现错误并改正错误,同时教师还要帮助学生分析出错的原因,并将一些写得较好,错误较少的习作张贴出来,或讲评时读给全班学生听并给予鼓励。

总之,高考英语写作训练是综合能力的训练,必须把大量的综合训练贯穿于英语教学的始终,因为英语的听说读写是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体。平时要鼓励和指导学生多读多背诵高考写作题范文,不断总结,努力达到“下笔如有神”的境界。

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