现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑
上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:
主动形式被动形式
一般式V-ing being V-ed
完成式having V-ed having been V-ed
e. g. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
听见铃声, 学生们开始走进教室。(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)
The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。
(being built为现在分词的被动形式, 表示动作正在进行之中)
Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作, 他就回家了。
现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或整个句子, 表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。
1)表时间状语
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)
While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.
(=While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.)
2) 表原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.(=as he was ill, he didn’t go to school.)
既然你是一个学生, 你就应该努力学习。
Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)
由于想到它或许在家, 所以我就给他打了电话。
Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
3)表方式、伴随情况的状语: 作伴随状语的分词表示的动作, 必须是主语的一个动作, 或是与谓语所表示地动作(或状态)同时发生, 或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。
e.g. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)
他们笑着谈着走进了教室。
Laughing and talking they went into the classroom.
4) 表结果
e.g. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.
(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)
全国到处在传唱这首歌曲, 使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。
The song is sung all over the country,making it the most popular song
5) 表条件
Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)
6) 与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许, 我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式。With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
7)作独立成分:
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看, 他一定是个演员。
1. They set out ____ for the ____ boy.
A. searching; losing
B. searching; lost
C. to search; lost
D. searched; losing
2. The student sat there, ____ what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing
B. didn’t knowing
C. not know
D. not knowing
3. He sat there _____ , with his head on his hand.
A. and think
B. thinking
C. thought
D. being thought
4. In winter steam can be seen ______from wet clothes ______near a fire.
A. rising, hanging
B. rising, to hang
C. rise, hanging
D. to rise, to hang
5. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
6. Yesterday Professor Li received a letter from one of his friends, ________ him to write an article, and he accepted.
A. having invited
B. invited
C. to be invited
D. inviting
7. Finding her car stolen, _________.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
8. ________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
A. Since the key has lost
B. The key been lost
C. Lost the key
D. Having lost the key
9. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
10. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
11. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily point
D. and angrily pointing
12. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
13. ____ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
A. Not knowing
B. knowing not
C. Not having known
D. Having not known
14. While watching television, ________. (NMET2005)
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
15. _______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (2004广东)
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
16. “Y ou can’t catch me!” Ja net shouted, ____ away. (NEMT 2005)
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. ran
17. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _______out of the window. (NMET2004)
A. looking
B. to look
C. looked
D. having been looked
18. The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area. (NEMT2005)
A. caused
B. to have caused
C. to cause
D. having caused
CDB、AADDD、BAACA、DCBAD/ ABCDBDAAAD
2006年高考“现在分词、动名词”专项训练版
★热点一：分词和不定式作宾语补助语的区别
1.（2004全国卷）Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _____ before the party.
A. get changed
B. get change
C. get changing
D. get to change
2.(2004天津卷)Don’t leave the w ater _______ while you brush your teeth.
A. running
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
★热点二：分词作状语
3.(2005湖北卷)_____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
4.(2005全国卷III)The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused
B. to have caused
C. to cause
D. having caused
5.(2005山东卷)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached
B. reaching
C. to reach
D. to be reaching
6.(2005北京季)It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A.To have had
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
7.(2002全国卷)The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
8.(2001全国卷)_____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
★热点三：不定式和动名词的区别
9.（2005天津卷）12. I don't want _______like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
A. to sound
B. to be sounded
C. sounding
D. to have sounded
10.（2005安徽卷）34, I really can't understand ______ her like that. [动名词作宾语]
A. you treat
B. you to treat
C. why treat
D. you treating
第二节：现在分词、动名词专项训练
1. _____ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida.
A. Discovering
B. To discover
C. To have discovered
D. Discovered
2. —Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening?
—Sorry, Tom. ____ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.
A. Not preparing
B. Not having prepared
C. Not to prepare
D. Being not prepared
3. The building _____ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.
A. to paint
B. being painted
C. to have painted
D. painting
4. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
5. With his son _____the old man felt unhappy.
A. to be disappointed
B. disappointing
C. being disappointed
D.to disappoint
6. —The English exam is not difficult, is it?
—_____. Even Tom _____ to the top students failed in it.
A. Yes; belongs
B. No; belonged
C. Yes; belonging
D. No; belonging
7. .--What do you suppose made her worried? --_______a gold ring. A. Lose B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
8. — Do you feel like _____ out? —No. I’d rather we _____ a taxi.
A. to drive; take
B. to drive; took
C. driving; take
D. driving; took
9. At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total.
A. made
B. to make
C. making
D. having made
10. --- Lucy doesn’t seem to be what she was.
--- No．______ so much in the war has made her more thoughtful.
A．Seen B．Her seeing C．Having seen D．To have seen
11. —Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival?
—Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it.A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out 12. —How did you get in touch with Mrs. Green?
—Well, it seems to me that you’ve forgotten me _____her telephone number the other day.
A. to tell
B. to have told
C. telling
D. being told
13. _____several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.
A. Having been failed
B. Having failed
C. Though failed
D. Because of failure
14. --What terrible weather! I simply can’t get the car. --Why not try _____the engine with some hot water?
A. starting; filling
B. start; filling
C. started; to fill
D. to start; fill
15. That’s the best way you thought of____ into the dangerous areas．
A．stopping people getting B．to stop people getting C．to keep people getting D．prevent people from getting
16. ____on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower _____back to 2 hundred years ago.
A. Standing ; dating
B. To stand; to date
C. Having stood; dating
D. Stand ;dated
■【现在分词、动名词专项训练答案及简析】
CDB、AADDD、BAACA、DCBAD/ ABCDBDAAAD
1.答案：A。-ing形式短语所表示的动作与主句谓语所表示的动作几乎同时发生。
2.答案B。根据句意可知，选项动词为原因状语，表主动，强调动作的完成性，相当于一个原因状语从句：As I haven’t prepared tomorrow’s lessons...故应选B(Not having prepared);选项A为现在分词，不表示完成的意思；选项C为不定式的否定结构表目的；选项D为被动结构，not应置于分词being前面，均不符句意。是要准确区分非谓语动词作状语的意义及用法，以及否定副词not的位置。
3.答案：B。-ing形式的一般体的被动语态作定语,意为“正在被粉刷的”。
4.答案：C。stop doing sth.意为“停止正在做的事”; stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做另外一件事”。此外,remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”;remember to do sth. 意为“记住要去做某事”。mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”;mean doing sth. 意为“意味着……”。regret to (say/tell you) sth. 意为“抱歉地(要说/告诉你)某事”; regret doing sth. 意为“后悔做了某事”。
5.答案：B。with复合结构在句中作状语，表示原因，意为“由于儿子很是令人失望。”
6.答案：C。根据答句句意"甚至最好的学生汤姆考试也失败了"可知，第一空应选Yes,(it is)意为"不，英语考试难"；第二空选项动词belong与to构成不及物动词短语，在句中用作定语，故应选现在分词belonging，相当于定语从句who belongs to ...,注意句子的主谓结构为Even Tom failed in it。要根据上下文情景正确判断"前否后肯"反意问句的回答以及对句子结构的准确理解。
7．答案：C 答语还原则成了：Losing a gold ring made her worried．
8．答案：D。feel like doing sth. 意为“想干某事”;would rather后接从句,从句中谓语应用一般过去时态。
9．答案：C。该句考查分词在句中用作结果状语。make up为及物动词短语，在前一分句动作之后发生，根据句意，表示主动，故应选making用作结果状语，相当于并列句and it made 或定语从句which made 句型结构。是要理解选项动词与前面分句结构关系，并准确把握其主动与被动的意义以及动作的一般性和完成性。
10．答案：B。her seeing 在句子中作主语，故只能用动名词，二不能用分词。
11．答案：D。选项动词短语在句中用作介词of的宾语，应使用动名词形式，根据句意可知，介词of 后的名词the film 为动名词短语try out的逻辑主语，且为被动关系，故应选用动名词的被动结构。是要正确理解介词后动名词的主动式与被动式的选用以及动名词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。
12．答案：C。根据问话人的句意可知，"已与Mrs. Green取得联系"了。故回答部分说明"已经忘记了告诉电话号码这件事"，应该使用forget doing sth/having done sth "某事已做，但忘了"，forget to do sth意为"忘记要去做的事情"，强调动作还未发生。要在上下文语境中理解动词forget后接动名词与不定式的用法区别。
13．答案：B。fail这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，所以用现在分词的完成时，并且为主动概念。
14．答案：A。get the car starting意为“使汽车发动起来”；try doing意为“试着做某事”。
15．答案：B。句中you thought of是定语从句，不要误选为后接doing sth．而the way后要接to do或of doing，再根据句型keep sb．from doing中不能省略from，可知C项错误。
16. 答案：A。考查语序和分词。正常语序为An ancient tower is standing on the top of….；第二空用分词作定语，它与中心词（tower）有主谓关系。
现在分词 Form: ?doing ?having done（先后关系） 现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行。 Exercise: 划出句中的现在分词，并指出它在句中做何成分。 1. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage, waiting. 2. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 3. Having finished his homework, he went out. 4. People living in the cities used to regard farming as boring and backward. 5. The changes in Sunqiao is very amazing. 现在分词做定语： Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences 1. The men are required to come to the headmaster’s office. They had some overseas working experience. 2. The people take part in a variety of exercise They can keep healthy. 3. The research at Sunqiao produces seeds. The seeds help farmers grow better crops. 4. People used to regard farming as boring and backward. These people live in cities. 5.Do you know the boy? He is standing under the tree. 6. The spiders store the mice for later. The mice serve as a source of food. Exercise: compare The swimming pool is clean and big. The swimming boy is his brother. The big writing desk is very expensive. The writing student is Tom’s classmate. 现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果 Exercise: rewrite the sentences 1. Kitty heard the news. She jumped with joy. 2. Tom put on his swim-suit. He dived into the swimming pool. 3. While she was cooking, she burned her right hand. 4. After he had finished his homework, he went out to play football. 以上改写后的三个句子中的现在分词短语做______状语。 现在分词作状语：相当于状语从句，但从句和主句的____语必须一致. 时间状语： 1. Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式） 2. Having read the letter, she got very excited（完成式） 3. ________hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. = as soon as _________________________________________. 5. Be careful when crossing the street. 条件状语： 1.If you walk hard, you will succeed. 2. = _______________________________ 伴随方式状语 1. She came _______(run) towards me. 2. The children ran out of the room, __________(laugh) and _______(talk) merrily. 3. ____________(travel) by jeep, we visited a number of cities. 4. ____________(follow) the guide, they started to climb. 5. _____________(follow) by the students, the teacher entered the office. 原因状语 1. Because I was sick, I stayed at home.
教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语： ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时 或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结 果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主 语。如： Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell，striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这 个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。
②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如： Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办 Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
谓语动词: 有提示词, 句子缺谓语(与主语构成主谓结构) I. I _______ (tell) by my classmates about that. 2. My mother often __________ (stop) me from watching TV. 时态语态变化, 及主谓一致 非谓语动词(主动---doing , 被动---done, 目的/结果/将要to do ,) 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift. 2. My pupils, Tom__________ (include), liked her. 1. He entered, ________ (hold) a book in his hand. 2. He entered the room and _______ (hold) a book in his hand. 3. I politely refused her invitation and _____ (walk) away. 4. I politely refused her invitation, ______ (walk) away. 两个动词是同时发生的时候 主语+ 谓语1 + and / but + 谓语2 主语+ 谓语，+非谓语 1. When he _______ (come) in, I was reading a book. 2. Unless I ________ (invite), I won’t attend he party. 3. When _____ (hear) the news, I was excited. 4. Unless ____ (invite), I won’t attend he party. --- When / if / unless / /After/Before 等连词后没有主语+非谓语（--- ing /---ed ) , 主句---When / if / unless / /After /Before等连词+ 主语+ 谓语，主句 1. A boy ________( call ) Jack came here today 2. A boy who ________( call ) Jack came here today 3. We enjoy the movie _________ (direct) by a world famous artist. 4. We enjoy the movie which_________ (direct) by the world famous artist. 名词后没关系词时+ 非谓语, 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词做定语 名词后有关系词时+谓语，做定语从句中的谓语 1.“You can’t catch me!” Jan et shouted, _______ (run) away. 2.He said thanks and ____ (smile) a row of teeth. 3.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 4.When he_______( arrive ) at the corner , he met his friend. 5.________ ( sleep ) late, he turned off the alarm clock. 6.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______(know) only to people with specific knowledge. [例1] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. （2011广东卷） [例2] He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. （2010广东卷） [例3]The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting turn
Unit 5 Grammar ：Revising the –ing form ?学习目标： (1) 动词-ing形式作状语可表示：时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。 (2) 动词-ing形式的完成式： 主动：Having + p.p. …, 主语+ 谓语 被动：(Having been) + p.p. …, 主语+ 谓语 I、Read and recite the following sentences. (1) Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. (2) Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. (3) Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. (4) Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. II、Examine the sentences below and tell the similarity and difference between these two sentences. (1) Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater. The –ing form used as an adverbial (2)Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.having + past participle (the perfect -ing form) referring to an action that took place before the time expressed by
现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语： ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell，striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。 ②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如：
Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now? 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办? Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she can't go to work today. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. Finding her car stolen, _______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated. A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别
分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。
1. It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.（2010 天津） A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 2. ________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.（2010 北京） A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 3. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.（2010 福建） A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 4. He had a wonderful childhood，_______with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010 安徽) A. travel B.to travel. C. traveled D. traveling 5. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（2010 湖南） A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 6. The lawyer listened with full attention，________ to miss any point．（2010 四川）注意是分詞の否定還是不定式の否定 A．not trying B．trying not
分词作状语用法小结 在高中英语语法中，非谓语动词的学习是一个重点，同是也是一个难点。而其中的分词的用法更是重中之重了，掌握了分词的运用对于我们突破阅读理解中的长句子，以及写作水平的提高都会很有帮助，下面就分词作状语的用法作以下总结。 分词在语法功能上相当于形容词和副词，分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when引出。（一般情况下过去分词不作结果状 的动作同时发生或两者之间时间间隔并不长。例如： I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech on greenhouse. Hearing the good news, the students were wild with joy. He sends me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 从所给的例句是我们可以看出，现在分词的一般主动式所表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是我们常说的主动关系，而其一般被动式却表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也就是我们常说的被动关系。并且现在分词的一般被动式一般作原因状语位于句首，请看以下例句：Being a student, he was interested in books. Being very small, computers are widely used. Being tired, I can’t go on walking. 2. 现在分词的完成式：表示分词的动作在句中谓语动词所表示的动作或 状态之前就已发生。例如： Having done the work, he went home. Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. Having been deserted by his guide, he could not find his way through the jungle. 从以上例句中我们可以看出，现在分词的完成主动式表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。而其完成被动式却表示分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也是先于谓语动词发生。 3．过去分词：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不强调一定要先于谓语动词之前就已发生。例如： Heated, this kind of wood gives off much smoke. The teacher entered the lab, followed by the students. Given a chance, I can surprise the world. Founded in 1936, Harward is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
分词作状语练习题解析 1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： Put into use in April000 , the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分词短语作时间状语 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network , Alice was in low spirits. 分词短语作原因状语 Given time , he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 分词短语作条件状语 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. 分词短语作伴随状语 2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语，在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法，以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生，强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动，表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中，分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式，即-ing与-ed。一般情况下，从时态和语态两种角度来讲，现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义，我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析： 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看，现在分词表示主动含义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次，从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，相当于一个进行时态;此外，它还可以表示一般的动作，相当于一个一般的时态。综上，现在分词的意
义有两种：主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看，过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义，即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义，如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动，如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低，常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词，表达被动含义。其次，从时态角度看，过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义，相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则：其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例： 表条件：Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴，分则亡) 表时间：Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因：Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随：Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步：Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果：I went home, finding the door locked.
朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream that I’m hom e. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（On）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语: 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school. =Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school. 四．表示让步，相当于让步状语从句 Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage. = Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 五．现在分词表伴随。 She came into the house, and carried a lot of books. =She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time. =He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 六．现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于一个并列谓语 His father died, and left him a lot of money. =His father died, leaving him a lot of money. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces. =She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. His car was caught in the traffic jam ,causing him to be late. 他的车陷入了交通堵塞，结果引起他迟到了。 He didn' t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work. 他今天没来，因而我们必须找人干他的工作。 课堂巩固练习