一、完形填空
As the plane circled…….
1-5 ABDCC 6-10 DBABC 11-15 DADBB 16-20 CADAC
Imagine fishermen walking down to……
1-5 DCACB 6-10 DCBAB 11-15 ADABC 16-20 DCABD
Television is the most effective brainwashing…
1-5 ABDBC 6-10 CBABB 11-15 AAABC 16-20 DADAB
二、阅读理解
（一）、China’s Ministry of Finance从2008年降低房产交易税（CDABB）1、M easures 2、A ll of the above 3、To r educe housing
4、S econd-home buyers
5、Active
（二）、For the first time美国总统的历史(CCCAD)
1、Outline
2、Gerald R. accomplish the task
3、Has not
4、Must have
5、 A History
（三）、The accuracy of 科学家研究的准确性(CBDAC)
1、Timekeeping
2、May affect
3、the accuracy
4、Atomic
5、The Use of
（四）、Here are six 贴近生活的6个问题（DACBD）
1、Have more
2、Has been
3、Easygoing
4、The confilict
5、How personality
（五）、One of the strongest提高毕业年龄有利于达到机会平等（BCABB）
1、the Same
2、Intelligent
3、Many of
4、They have
5、Has not yet
（六）、Through a series 科学家获得对蚂蚁社会结构的知识（ABCBB）
1、they… Food
2、domestic
3、efficiency
4、systematic
5、dividing
三、汉译英
1．看到学生人数不断减少，校长心里很难受
It pained the headmaster to find the number of students shrinking
2.该公司声称，这条河流的污染不是它造成的
The company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river 3.在那个国家一般用现金付账，但支票变得普遍起来了，不久会代替现金作为人们结账的一种方式
Cash is commonly used in paying bills in that country,but checks are becoming more popular and will,in a short while,replace cash as a way for people to settle their accounts
4.我们接到通知，财政部长将于次日接见我们
We were informed that the Minister of Finance was to recevive us the next day
5.你理应懂得不该积下这么多的债务
You should have known better than to accumulate such large amounts of debt 6.这个地区有大量肉类供应，但新鲜果蔬奇缺
There are abundant supplies of meat in this region ,but fresh fruit and vegetables are scarce
7.地方政府不得不动用储备粮并采取其他紧急措施，以渡过粮食危机
The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food crisis
8.他花了许多时间准备数学考试，因此当他获知自己只得了个B时感到有点失望He spent a lot of time preparing for his math exam,Hence he was somewhat disappointed to leam that he got only a B
9.那辆小汽车从我买来以后尽给我添麻烦
That car has given me nothing but trouble ever since I bought it
10.证明或驳斥某个论点的最好办法之一是从亲身经历中举出例子
One of the best ways to prove or refute a point is to cite examples from your own experience
11．我确信这项所谓明智的决定，与期望相反，会带来极其严重的后果。
I am convinced that, contrary to expectations, the so-called informed decision will bring very grave consequences.
12.他在这个问题公开进行讨论之前就已表明了自己的立场。
He had taken a stand on the issue before it was openly debated.
13.我觉得很奇怪，他似乎不记得自己的生日。
I thought it odd that he didn't seem to remember his own birthday
英译汉
一、we do come across the remains
当我们穿越树林和田野的时候，都遇到过植物和动物的遗骸。有一些因为被枯枝落叶覆盖难以察觉，其他的则因为干枯过程导致的褪色逃过了我们的眼睛。死亡的气味被各种新生的生命气息所掩盖。在终年温暖潮湿的热带地区，有着数量庞大的食腐动物，它们更迅速更有效。在海洋和陆地，同样的分解过程发生在动物和植物身上。
二、In a historic climate change deal,
在一份历史性的气候变化协议中，美国总统奥巴马和国家主席习近平声明，双方国家将限制未来20年里的温室气体排放。
根据协议，美国在2025年前，将削减总量为2005年碳排放量的26-28%。我国的碳排放峰值将在2030年达到顶峰，我们希望同年从零碳排放源获得20%的能源。
“作为世界最大的两个经济体，能源消费国和温室气体排放国，我们有特殊的责任引领全球应对气候变化。”奥巴马周三在与习近平联合举行的新闻发布会上说。
三、Someday a stranger will read your e –mail without …
将来的某天，一个陌生人在没有得到你的允许下就能看到你的电邮，或是扫描你曾访问过的网站，甚至随意浏览你的信用卡购买记录、手机账单，从而发现你的购物偏好和拨打习惯。事实上，有些事情看起来已经发生了，谁会未经允许窥视你？可能是你的女友、伙伴、老板、警察或是罪犯。无论是谁，他们将用你永远无法预料的方式窥视你。
四、Learning is more efficient when it is fun,
学的有趣，就会效率高，学的很苦，效率就低。如果学生愿意主动学，实习期将会平稳度过，小组学习效果往往更好，因为这里个人的进步就带有某种游戏或竞技的特点。聪明的老师或经验丰富的职业培训人员懂得如何激发学习的兴趣，使其真正兴奋起来。有抱负的人常常以自己的雄心壮志来激发这种兴奋。给自己记分能给单独学习者带来一些游戏精神。
五、The rate at which man has been storing up …
人类不断加快储存关于自身和宇宙的有用的知识，至今已经一万年了。书写的发明使知识的积累速度发生了飞跃。即便如此，千百年来还是慢的让人痛苦。第二次获取知识的巨大飞跃是在古滕贝格等人在15世纪发明了活字印刷术。乐观估计，在1500年之前，欧洲的出书速度为每年1000本，这就意味着，建立一个十万本书的图书馆需要一个世纪，到1950年，四个半世纪后，出书的速度大幅提升，欧洲每年出书为12万本，曾经需要一个世纪来完成的事情现在只需要10个月。
六、The chief element which makes work interesting…
让工作更有趣的主要因素是运用技巧。凡是掌握了不同技巧的人都喜欢运用这种技巧，直到他感觉习以为常或者他再也不能提高时为止。这种想要自我表现的动机从幼儿时代就开始了：一个会倒立的男孩不情愿站立。许多工作与靠技巧取胜的游戏一样给人以快乐，律师或政治家的工作一定更愉快而且包含着许多和打桥牌同样的快乐。当然这里不仅运用了技巧，而且还在智力较量上胜过了一个本领高超的对手。即便在不存在竞争因素的情况下，表演高难的绝技也是件令人惬意的事情。
1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect. A amount to B conform to C contribute to D attach to 2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug. A most poisonous B most likely C most famous D most desirable 3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak. A with the favor of B find good jobs for C assume the responsibility for D accept the challenge of 4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned. A collapsed B disappeared C perished D scattered 5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly. A for benefits B by luck C for ever D at hand. 6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students. A idea B change C matter D policy 7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated. A extended B terminated C speculated D restricted 8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off. A was released B proved satisfactory C failed completely D won awards 9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt. A gravitation B fascination C seriousness D incurability 10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age. A utilize B handle C master D dominate Section B : Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels. A show off B keep off C break off D call off 12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded. A vicious B vigorous C vertical D voluntary 13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate. A thrown B flung C cast D tossed(upward) https://www.doczj.com/doc/d09195401.html,petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other local districts. A significantly B favorably C dramatically D superficially 15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e. A take hold of B get rid of C let go of D make fun of 16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously. A episode B epidemic C equivalent D eruption 17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before. A willingly B appropriately C confidently D readily =easily 18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troops are withdrawn. A process B line C way D course 19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad. A insulation B irrigation C integration D isolation 20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide. A by and large B once for all =forever C heart and soul D on the whole Part II. Cloze Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor Mitch
2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land... When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people. If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.
ad if 命 封 线 密
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
江苏省委党校社会学专业在职研究生入学考试英语复习参考资料 一、完形填空（20分） 二、语句翻译（20分） 1、As far as ability is concerned,I am sure he will qualify for the job. 7、Some of the old fantasies about the space age have come true. 14、In general,prices may be brought down by increasing supply or decreasing demand. 17、Jack didn’t know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf,so his choice was quite arbitrary. 18、We are trying to figure out a solution to these urgent problems. 23、The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top manager. 27、Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education. 32、We came to the meeting full of expectations,yet we left very disappointed. 34、The spokesman made in clear that the president would not cancel the trip under any circumstances. 40、The government has undertaken a series of new environmental initiatives,as a result, many parks and green belts have sprung up all of the country. 43、It is not unusual for this scientist to go to bed at two or three in the morning. 45、We didn’t like his attitude that he deserved special treatment. 48、These artists devoted all their lives to art,and made great contributions to the artistic field. 52、There are a lot of papers to sign,but the only urgent one is this contract. 53、The government is taking these measure in hopes of bringing down the soaring price of houses. 三、阅读理解（30分） 四、段落翻译（30分） 3、在1991年，巴西在全世界环保主义者的压力下改变了做法，它取消了鼓励砍伐亚马逊雨林的税收优惠，批准了一个新雨林保护项目的资金计划。 牛场主、矿工、移民抗议这一行动并继续破坏雨林，尽管速度比以前要慢。去年当矿工为了夺取一群印第安人的土地而将他们杀死使得矛盾扩大了。政府承诺将保护该地区的原住民，问题是这一承诺真实的程度究竟多大。
福州大学博士研究生入学考试 英语考试大纲 一、考查目标 本考试重点考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能（本考试属水平考试，不 指定任何参考书）。具体要求如下： 1.词汇 要求考生掌握约 5000 个英语词汇和约 500 个常用词组。此外，还应掌握词汇间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。 2.语法 要求考生熟练掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇，并能在实践中准确、自如地运用这些知识。 3.阅读 要求考生能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能熟练地阅读和理解一般性题材的文章、科技文章及应用性形式的阅读材料。要求能理解主旨大意，读懂细节，能理解上下文的逻辑关系，并领会作者或话语参与各方的主要意图和态度及其异同等。 4.语篇完形处理 在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑 等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完形处理。 5．翻译 （1）英译汉 要求考生能在 30 分钟内把一篇 150 词左右的一般性题材的英语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词正确，无较大的语言错误。 （2）汉译英 要求考生能在 30 分钟内把一篇 150 字左右的一般性题材的汉语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成英语。要求译文忠实于原文，译文达意，符合英语表达习惯，无较大的语言错误。 6．写作 要求考生能根据命题或图表等在 30 分钟内写出一篇 200 字以上的短文，或根据所给文章（中文或英文）要求写出 200 字以上的英文摘要。写作部分的考查目标是测试考生用英语书面表达思想和见解的能力。所写文章应切合主题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，无较大的语言错误。
2018年考研英语（二）试题及参考答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ” Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”. 1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore 2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek 3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise 4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose 5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept
研究生英语复习题（许国璋第一册） 一、选择填空： 1. Everybody ______ he will win. A. believed B. believes C. believe D. have believed 2. I’m sure ______ will be fine next week. A. there B. there’s C. it D. it’s 3. John is a writer ______ books are seldom read. A. who B. what C. that D. whose 4. When the sun came out, she ______ washing（洗涤的衣物）on the line. A. hung B. hang C. hanged D. takes 5. ______ attended the meeting yesterday evening. A. A hundred of people B. Hundreds of people C. Hundred people D. Hundreds people 6. I ______ in bed till 10 o’clock last Sunday morning. A. lied B. lay C. laid D. lie 7. I’ve heard him ______ about Mr. White often. A. spoke B. to speak C. speak D. speaks 8. ______ have you lived in Beijing? A. When B. What day C. What time D. How long 9. There were only a ______ number of students in the assembly hall. A. few B. small C. little D. not much 10. It’s quite late now and Mrs. Green ______ hasn’t left her office. A. still B. since C. already D. ever 11. “Is Mary coming to the concert?”“I think ______.” A. yes B. it C. so D. too 12. Robert ______ in England a few weeks ago. A. arrives B. is arriving C. has arrived D. arrived 13. Did you ______ that book from the University library? A. lend B. borrow C. ask D. beg 14. ______ the morning of June 27 they visited the Great Wall（长城）. A. On B. In C. At D. From 15. We had plenty of paper but ______ ink. A. few B. not many C. a few D. not much 16. I ______ my homework now. A. finished B. have finished C. finish D. had finished 17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _____. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 18. The boat is passing ______ the bridge. A. under B. across C. through D. along 19. What do you usually do ______ A. on the evening B. at the evening C. in the evening D. in an evening 20. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun ______. A. shone B. shines C. has shone D. was shining