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托福独立作文思路

托福独立作文思路
托福独立作文思路

社会类话题—媒体篇

1.television, newspapers, magazines and other media pay too much attention to the personal

lives of celebrities.

同意:为什么要关注—满足公众猎奇和打探隐私的需要

这样做的危害:一方面侵犯了名人的隐私权,另一方面削弱了媒体的教育性和提供有效资讯的功能

2.people can learn more by watching television than reading books.

从电视上可以了解到新闻,看到我们平时到不了的一些地方的图像,开阔眼界

从书上可以系统学习某种专业知识

两种都不能或缺

3.movies and televisions have more negative influence on young people.

同意:影响健康,视力,减少活动量

占用了大量时间,影响学习和社交

暴力内容(奥特曼),青春剧的误导

4.newspaper can truly help people understand world events. Television news don’t provide

enough information.

反对:报纸区域性强,多关注当地新闻

电视频道很多,内容丰富,各方面资讯都有

电视是视听媒体,信息更直观

5.the purpose of television is to educate or to entertain.

电视主要的功能是娱乐

电视是现代人最简单最廉价的休闲娱乐方式之一

我们主要在学校和工作中学习,已经很累了

同时,电视上也应该有一些教育类节目,满足不同要求

社会类—信息技术篇

1.the internet provides people with a lot of useful information.

同意:因特网强大的搜索功能,只有想不到,没有查不到(人肉搜索)

因特网提供信息的速度最快

同时,应该有能力辨别真假信息,有用和不良信息(假新闻的例子,华南虎,CNN)2.we have so many sources for news and information that we can not tell which is real and who

is telling the truth.

同意:列举渠道:网络,电视,报纸,广播。。。有时说法矛盾

为什么造假:吸引眼球;赶时间,来不及核实

我们应该理性,多比较,运用常识判断

3.technology has made children less creative than before.

反对:有很多产品是专门为了开发孩子的智力(奶粉,玩具)

孩子接触互联网越来越早,知识面开阔,为创新提供基础

老师和家长应该引导孩子的创造力(鼓励独立思考,求异)

4.should the inventors be responsible for the negative impact their inventions have caused?

不同意:科技发展是双刃剑,两面性很难避免

很多情况下,危害是因为使用者造成的,与发明者初衷不符

如果实行“问责制”,会扼杀发明者的热情

社会类—广告篇

1.most of the advertisement makes product appear better than they really are.

同意:广告的目的是兜售商品,夸张在所难免

危害,提供虚假信息,误导消费者

我们要理性的看待广告

2.advertising is a waste of time because customers already know what they want.

反对:对同类产品,消费者希望有尽可能多的选择

广告创造需求,有些功能是消费者都没有想到的;助长即兴消费

3.television advertising directed toward young children should be allowed.

同意:广告介绍有用产品信息

小孩没有判断力,但是购买者往往是家长,他们是理性消费者

有些广告利用家长攀比心理,应该警惕

4.advertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits.

反对:不良饮食习惯的养成原因有很多,比如健康意识淡薄,追求口味

生活节奏快,经常吃快餐,不吃早饭,晚饭吃很多等等

广告也有很多健康食品,不能一概而论

社会类—环保篇

1.renewable sources of energy, such as sun, wind and water will soon replace the fossil energy

such as gas, oil and coal.

反对:可替代能源技术还不成熟

这些自然资源分布不均

应该开发新资源和保护现有资源并重

2.human needs for farmland, housing and industry are more important than save land for

endangered animals.

反对:人类对资源的需求是不节制的,长此以往,其他生物将无立足之地

保护濒危动物既是人道精神的体现,长远来看也是在保护人类自己

我们应该多探索更有效利用资源的办法(农业高产,合理规划用地)

3.the only effective way of energy consevation is by increasing the prices of gasoline and

electricity.

同意:人类是短视的,提高环保意识很难

触及到经济利益的时候才会重视(迟到罚钱)

其他节能方法也值得尝试,比如节能技术的开发(节能电器,小排量汽车)

4.the most effective way of improving health care is to reduce environmental problems.

同意:现在很多疾病是由于环境恶化引起的,过敏,皮肤病

温室效应导致全球气候突变,经常造成一些灾害,增加了死亡率

其他有效方法包括:卫生条件的改善政府财政补贴,医疗技术的改进

社会类—交通篇

1.in twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than in today.

同意:公共交通的改善

能源危机

新的交通工具问世

2.drivers should pay a fee for driving in busy streets in rush hour.

反对:上下班时间限制必须在某个时段行车,应该把上下班时间错开

设置关卡收费反而会加剧交通的拥堵

解决高峰时段问题有其他办法,比如车辆限行,改善公交等

3.people should not be allowed to use mobile phones when using public transportation.

不同意:司机不能使用,但是乘客能用

如果不让用,有些紧急情况就无法解决(有人在车里晕倒,抢劫,求救)

应该文明使用,不要过于喧哗

4. people should pay to use public transportation.

同意:如果不收费,会增加政府负担,可能减少教育,医疗,福利方面的支出如果不收费,服务会下降

不收费对不乘车的人来说不公平

也要看到不收费的好处,可以鼓励人们多使用公共交通

社会类—其他

1.nowadays, people put a lot of emphasis on appearance and fashion.

同意:现代人生活质量提高了,有了审美需求

现代人追求个性,服饰是张扬个性的一个方面

不应该过分看重外表,提高内在素质也很重要

2.observing and study animal behavior helps us learn human nature.

同意:人的本性很复杂,认识起来不容易,动物这个角度值得尝试

现有的研究已经揭示了动物跟人的相似和相异之处

但是也要看到区别,人类善于思考,文明发达,复杂程度远远超过了其他任何动物

https://www.doczj.com/doc/de2769209.html,ernments should spend more money in support of the arts than in the athletics, like the

Olympic Games.

反对:支持体育事业有助于增强全民族的身体素质

体育也是娱乐产业的一部分,能带来很多收益

艺术事业丰富人们精神生活,也是不可或缺的

https://www.doczj.com/doc/de2769209.html,ernments should focus more on preserving the environment than on economic

development.

同意:环境污染的问题很严重,已经到了非常急迫的程度

历史教训告诉我们先污染后治理是不明智的,环境恶化最终会影响经济发展

保护环境并不意味着不发展经济,只是发展模式上是可持续的

学校类--老师篇

1. a teacher’s ability to relate to the students is more important than his knowledge

同意:老师了解学生的程度和需要才能因材施教

老师和学生之间良好的关系有助于教学的顺利开展

同时老师的专业知识和教学方法也很重要

2.many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think daily homework is

necessary?

反对:每天布置家庭作业让学生产生厌学情绪

每天布置家庭作业使学生没有时间休息和发展兴趣爱好

要根据学生的掌握程度和课程难度布置作业

3.it is more important for a teacher to help students gain self-confidence than to teach specific

knowledge.

同意; 自信心可以提高学生的学习兴趣

专业知识可能在离校以后就没用了,但是自信心是一生的财富

同时,对学生不能盲目表扬,不要让他们形成不切实际的幻觉

4.teachers should be paid as much as lawyers, doctors and business leaders.

同意:老师工作的重要程度不亚于另外三种

现阶段老师工资较低,影响了素质和积极性

老师工作非常辛苦

5.teachers should be paid according to how their students perform.

反对:每个班级学生的起点水平不是完全一样的,可能不公平

评估压力太大可能助长应试教育倾向(老师参与高考作弊)

在学生表现好坏这个方面大家理解不一,是成绩还是综合能力?

6.strict teachers are more efficient than easy-going teachers.

同意:严厉的老师更善于督促学生,人都是有惰性的,特别是学生阶段

严厉的老师更有权威,学生会比较顺从

好的老师应该是对不同性格特点的学生采取不同的策略

7.students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.

反对:朋友相处的时间长,潜移默化的影响多

朋友是同龄人,平等交流,敞开心扉

朋友的影响有好有坏,老师家长应该防范引导

8.teachers should make their political and social views known to other people.

同意:老师是思想的传播者,特别是教授社会科学课程的老师不可避免的会讨论到政治和社会热点

言论自由是基本人权,只要不强迫学生接受自己的观点就行

因为老师的影响力和担负的教育职责,不宜宣扬过激言论

9.the best way to improve education is to raise teacher’ salary.

反对:不是所有的老师都是为了钱在教书

与教育质量相关的因素有很多,包括政府支持力度,家长重视程度,教育技术发展等

同时,提高工资待遇确实能吸引更多人才,提高老师热情

学校类—课程篇

1.it is better to learn broad subjects than to specialize in a specific subject.

两种都很重要:学习通识课程可以让我们获得各种基础知识,完善知识结构

学习专业课程为我们将来的职业做准备

通常是基础阶段学通识课程,高级阶段学专业课程

2.it is better to take the most challenging courses in college even if it means that you will

probably not get top grades in them.

反对:选课不应该以难度为标准,应该考虑兴趣和职业方向

盲目选难度高的课,使自己负担太重,容易打击自信产生挫败感

3.it is more important to choose a subject of your interest than subjects which prepare you for a

job or career.

同意:兴趣和职业不矛盾,很多人是按兴趣确定职业的。

学生在学习阶段对自己将来从事的职业并不了解

学校课程的设置不能完全满足社会需求

4.basic science should be a mandatory course for all students even if it is not related to their

field of study.

反对:这样增加学生负担

基础教育阶段已经学习过,够用了

可以作为选修课供有兴趣的学生选读

5.university students should learn one course about the culture of a foreign country.

同意:可以增强学生对不同文化的包容程度,开阔他们的眼界

学习外国文化是为了更好的认识和理解本国文化

6.Younger school children (ages five to ten) should be required to study art and music in

addition to math, language, science and history.

同意:小学生课业负担承受能力有限,美术音乐是很好的调剂

从小培养兴趣爱好

美术音乐课跟其他学科不一样,不注重成绩考查

学校类—其他篇

1.university students accomplish a project by teamwork and the members share the same mark.

反对:给学生一样的分数不公平,应该看每个人究竟做了什么

老师在用分组作业方法的时候要注意:根据工作量确定人数,让小组报告每个人的贡献,请小组成员相互评价

2.grades encourage students to learn.

反对:分数逼迫学生去学,不是真正出于兴趣

用分数考察学生的做法导致应试教育,学生高分低能

3.it is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than to learn facts.

同意:理解的东西记得更牢,也更容易运用

重视理解的教学策略能培养学生兴趣,学习主动性和成就感

但是确实有些知识是需要死记硬背的

4.in twenty years, students will no longer use printed books.

反对:印刷品有自身的好处,携带和使用方便,没有辐射不伤眼睛

世界各地经济和教育技术发展不平衡,不能同时达到这一目标

5.high schools and universities should spend less time teaching specific subjects and more time

preparing students for careers and jobs.

同意:我们上学的目的主要是从知识和技能上为工作做准备

学校专业设置不合理,缺乏职业准备训练是现在大学生就业难的主要原因

职业教育的内容应包括帮学生定位适合职业,提供招聘信息和求职咨询,提供专业知识技能培训

6.it is better to work or travel for one year before entering university.

反对:学习应该有连贯性,工作或者旅行一年容易让人不专注

一年以后再报考给相关学校机构带来很多麻烦,考生自己重拾课本也很辛苦

大学期间也可以作兼职工作或者旅行,时间利用更合理

7.children should only play sports for fun, or play sports in competition or contests.

同意:运动的意义在于休闲放松和强身健体

竞技性体育运动主要针对有运动特长的学生,对其他学生而言会增加负担,影响学习

有时候两者的界限并不明显

8.improve schools is the key factor in the sucessful development of a country.

同意:国家间的竞争是人才的竞争,学校培养人才

国家间的竞争是科技实力的竞争,学校承担科研任务

国家发展还依赖于很多其他因素:政策,外部环境等

家庭类—子女教育篇

1.classmates are a more important influence than parents on a child’s success in school

同意:来自同学的压力能促使孩子努力学习

同学的不友好态度,如鄙视,嘲笑也会让一个孩子痛恨学校

家长的关心(生活上做好后勤)和督促也很重要

2.children are now not controled by their parents but are more influenced by media and others

outside their home.

同意:孩子不管在家中还是在家庭以外都会接触到不一样的思想,电视,同伴,老师等这些影响对于孩子的思想成长很重要

同时,家长应该重点控制那些不良影响,比如媒体上的不健康内容

3.do you think children should play computer games?

反对:小孩自控力差,玩电脑游戏很容易上瘾

电脑游戏耗费时间,影响学习

电脑游戏对身体健康不利

家庭类—其他篇

1.extended families has become less important than in the past.

同意:在中国为了控制人口,三口之家的数量越来越多

为了拥有自己的生活空间,年轻人不愿和父母长辈住在一起

变化的实质是人们家庭观念的变更,家庭的地位越来越淡薄,个体的地位越来越重要

2.twenty years from today, people will spend less time cooking.

同意:会有更多方便又营养的食品出现

现在二三十岁的年轻人很少做饭,他们的后代受此影响会变本加厉

生活节奏会越来越快,人们会把更多的时间放在工作上

3.it is important for families to regularly have meals together.

同意:家庭聚餐是家人联络感情做容易效果也最好的方法

家庭成员都能从中获益:老年人心理慰藉,年轻人得到长辈的支持和建议

定期时间间隔可长可短,即使相距遥远也要半年或者一年吃一次饭

4.in order for children to become financially responsible adults, they should be taught how to

manage money from an early age.

同意:小孩有零花钱,理财对他们来说有必要

教小孩理财可以培养他们的自控力

教小孩理财可以让他们养成节俭的意识

个人类—工作篇

1.being happy with a job is more important than having a high salary.

反对:大部分人工作的目的就是赚钱谋生,所以高薪很重要

拿高薪说明你擅长作这个工作,有成就感

即使不完全喜欢这个工作也可以用一些方法调节自己的心态:比如想象能给家人好的优越的生活

2.it is not realistic for people to expect to work at the same company or for the same employer

all their lives.

同意:为了节省成本,提高工作效率,很多企业都定期裁员

企业的寿命不一定长过人的职业周期

现在跳槽的越来越多了,从个人发展考虑也不宜老呆在一家单位

3.it is important to spend more time at work than with families.

同意:人们平均每天工作的时间有8-10小时,陪着家人的时间不过四五个小时把工作做好才能养家糊口,也是家庭责任感的体现

同时,要尽量平衡事业和家庭

4.it is better to work in a large company than in a small one.

同意:大企业实力强,提供给个人的舞台更大

大企业重视员工培训,个人成长空间更大

大企业效益好,回报丰厚

5.having a job to work with others is better than having a job to work alone.

同意:与人合作集合了更多的资源,优势,容易办大事

与人合作分摊了压力风险

同时也有一些问题需要注意,比如相处,分工,利益的划分等

6.young people should try different kinds of jobs before they make a long-term career.

同意:年轻人职业方向不清晰,需要尝试和寻找

年轻的时候即使走点弯路也不怕

每个工作机会都应该坚持一段时间(一年以上),不要轻易放弃

7. a high-paying job with less vacation time is better than a low-paying job with more vacation time.

同意:工作是赚钱谋生的手段,所以薪酬很重要

休闲方式有很多,不一定要度假

世界上没有两全其美的事情,所得总是要有代价的

个人类—交友篇

1.letting a friend make a mistake is better than say or do sth that will destroy the relationship.

反对:友谊的基础是诚实,不能辜负朋友的信任

即使当时避免了一场正面冲突,长远来看会使朋友一错再错

提醒的时候应该注意方式方法

2.it is more important to keep old friends than to make new ones.

同意:维护老朋友成本比较低

老朋友彼此了解,感情深厚,是我们更需要的

同时也不能拒绝结识新朋友的机会

3. a friend who is intelligent is more important than a friend with a good sense of humor.

两种朋友都很重要,聪明的朋友能给我们很多启示,好的建议

幽默的朋友让我们很开心

朋友的作用是相互陪伴,相互帮助,我们要争取做一个既幽默又有智慧的朋友

4.advice from older friends is more valuable than that from friends of the same age.

同意:年龄大的友人阅历丰富,眼界开阔,但我们不一定能认可

年龄相仿的友人跟我们处境心态相似,但可能参考价值不大

遇事要向两种人都请教,而且要自己做决定

5. people with different personalities and interests cannot be friends

反对:不同的性格和兴趣能使彼此感到好奇

不同的性格和兴趣能互补,是双方都受益

友谊建立在真诚,信任的基础上,性格和兴趣不起决定性作用

个人类—娱乐篇

1.the best way to travel is in a group led by a guide.

同意:更便宜

人多更开心

导游的介绍,了解更充分,而且不需要自己策划,省心

2.it is better to watch serious movies that make us think than to watch movies that amuse or

entertain us.

两种电影都有好处:前者可以让我们了解到一些社会现象和问题,和导演编剧探索人生意义,真谛

后者让我们心情轻松愉悦

观赏电影的口味跟人们的性格,知识背景,人生阅历都有关系

3.in twenty years, people will lead a more leisure life.

一方面,科技发展能进一步把我们从体力甚至简单脑力劳动中解放出来

另一方面,人们的工作和生存压力只能是越来越大

4.it is better to travel in one’s own country than travel abroad.

国内游花费少,没有语言障碍

境外游更刺激,了解异域文化;但是由于语言不通,走马观花深度不够,另外花费也高不是每个人都负担得起

个人类—感悟篇

1.because people are so busy doing so many things, they can do few things well.

同意:人的精力有限,只能有所侧重

很多人不会安排轻重缓急导致手忙脚乱

同时做很多事的原因是不知道自己究竟要什么,或者太贪心,应该调整心态

2.the best way to truly relax and reduce stress is to spend time alone.

反对: 压力过大往往是因为我们过度放大了困难或者还没有解决的良方,独处不利于这些问题的解决

最好的方法是找人请教和倾诉

一个人有孤独感,负面情绪容易叠加在一起,反而会加重心理负担

3.people who barely need to work because they have enough money are not happy.

反对:不用为生计发愁,没有压力和负担

有条件做自己感兴趣的事情,发展兴趣爱好

如果空虚,还可以作义工,回报社会

4.people are happier when they have pressure (or competition) in their jobs or schoolwork.

同意:没有挑战性是导致枯燥感的原因之一

有压力就有动力,容易成就更大的成绩,收获成就感

人的承受能力有限,不能压力过大或者竞争太激烈

5.nowadays people do too many things for their enjoyment than do things they should do.

反对:大部分人把工作放在享乐之前

只要有责任感和自控力,适度的享乐也是非常有必要的

6.good looks and dresses are more important for success than good ideas.

反对:成功需要实力,除非是选美比赛,智慧比美貌重要

现代社会在大家对穿着外表普遍比较重视的情况下,区别更体现在智力上

即使是金发美女也都在努力证明自己不只是花瓶

7.it is easier for people to succeed in the past than now.

反对:成功的因素很多,内因为主导,不应过分夸大外因的作用

时代背景确实对个人成功有影响,但是不应简单说过去比现在容易

8. in order to succeed, you should be more like others than be different from others.

反对:随大流从来不能取得过人的成就

成功者往往都有超人的胆识,智慧和付出(王永庆)

同时,人也不能太特立独行,要懂得与人相处(怀才不遇)

个人类—品质篇

1.it is better to solve a problem with your own knowledge than ask others for advice.

同意:自己解决问题很有成就感

独立精神很重要,不能太过依赖

别人的建议不一定最适合,经常自己解决问题可以提高能力

2.modern society has become more complex, so it is essential for the young people to have the

ability to plan and organize.

同意:人们经常需要同时应对多个问题,需要筹划

信息很多,组织信息的能力很重要

协作越来越多,也需要计划组织

3.knowledge gained from study is more important than the ability to be creative.

反对:知识是有限的,但创新能力能让我们发现无穷的知识

知识更新很快,创新能力可以弥补知识陈旧的问题

学习知识也很重要,创新不是无源之水

4.most people prefer others making decisions for them.

反对:自己了解自己

决定之后,后果是自己承担,所以一定要自己决定

可以听取别人建议,但最终的注意要自己拿

5.people now are in greater need of the ability of cooperating with others than before.

同意:个人能力有限,合作能成就大事业

随着交通通讯技术的发展,人与人之间联系越来越紧密,合作机会更多了

6.successful people try new things and take riskes rather than just do things they already know.

同意:尝试新事物,做别人不做的事,才能成就别人无法企及的成就

尝试新事物能获取新知识,新经验

胆识和眼光对于成功非常重要

个人类—代沟篇

1.young people enjoy life more than older people.

同意:身体好,精力旺盛

能享受的娱乐活动较多

消费观念新,舍得花钱

2.life is easier and more comfortable today than the days when your grandparents were children.

物质生活确实更丰富了,吃穿住用行都有了很大的改善

但是今天竞争更激烈,生存压力更大了

环境污染也降低了生活质量

3.sports are more important for old people than for young people.

反对:年轻人能参与的体育项目更多

年轻人也要重视锻炼身体

老年人体育锻炼主要是以健身为目的,年轻人还有娱乐休闲目的

个人类—其他篇

1.in today’s world, to speak well is more important than to write well.

同意:说比写应用的场合更多

说因为现场感强,往往更能打动人

但不能为此就忽视写作能力

2.it is better to finish a project completely and then start another project than to finish two

projects at the same time.

同意:人的精力有限,不能贪多

项目之间可能有延续性,前面项目的经验可以在后面吸取

如果必须多个项目一起来,也要规划好轻重缓急

3.it is imporant to know events happening around the world, though sometimes they will not

affect your daily life.

同意:了解资讯让你不与社会时代脱节(新词)

整个世界都是紧密联系的,现在不影响不代表以后都没有影响,蝴蝶效应

不要活在自己狭小的空间里,要有全球意识

4.which is better, to spend money on sth that lasts for a long time, such as valuable jewelry, or it

on short term pleasure such as vacation.

前者:价值持续时间更长

有增值的可能性

有时要具体问题具体分析

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