2006年6月
一、
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.
通讯技术在传递真相的时候并不是简单地和真相本身一致。
The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.
从第一项对使用不同通讯媒介时的诚实程度的比较重可以看出，人们在使用电话时的说谎几率是使用电子邮件时的两倍。
The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt (困扰) you-appears to be the key to the finding.
因为电子邮件内容会被自动记录下来----并可能对你造成困扰----这就是这项研究的关键所在。
Jeff Hancock of Cor'nell University in Ithaca['iθ?k?] , New York, asked 30
students to keep a communications diary for a week.
Jeff Hancock在位于纽约州伊萨卡的康奈尔大学执教，他曾要求30个学生记录一周中每天的通讯情况。
In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.
参与其中的人需要记录超过10分钟的对话或者电子邮件通讯的数量，并且要坦诚自己说了多少谎话。
Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
Hancock据此推算出使用各种通讯媒介在每次交流过程中说谎的次数。他得出结论：谎言在电子邮件通讯中占了14%，在当面沟通中占了27%，而在电话交流中占了37%
His results, to be presented at the conference on human computer interaction in
Vienna[vi?en?], Austria['?:stri?], in April, have surprised psychologists.
这项研究结果于4月份再奥地利维也纳的“人与电脑互动国际会议”上被宣读，并且令心理学家们感到惊讶。
Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of
e-mailing would make it easier to lie.
有人认为电子邮件是最主要的谎言媒介，因为欺骗会让人不适，而电子邮件非直接接触的特性使其更容易成为谎言发生的渠道。
Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
还有人认为在当面交流的过程中更容易说谎，因为当面交流史最常见的沟通方式。（因为人们更擅长当面交流，所以撒谎技术更娴熟）。
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether occurs in real time.
但是Hancock认为同样重要的是对话过程是否会被记录下来并能够被重新阅读，以及对话是否是即时发生的。
People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
当人们觉得时候要对交流过程负责时，就会对说谎存有恐惧感。这就是为什么电子邮件中的谎言要少于电话中的。
People are also more likely to lie in real time-in an instant message to phone call, say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. Hancock说，与有时间思考如何回应的情况相比，人们也更倾向于在即时交流过程中说谎---例如在即时信息或者电话中。
He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: "Do you like my dress?"
他发现很多谎言都是对一些偶然问题脱口而出的回应，例如："你觉得我的裙子怎么样？" Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.
Hancock希望他的研究结果能帮助公司找出员工之间沟通的最佳途径。
For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.
But, given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
但是根据该项研究结果，在做以诚实为重的工作时，最好还是发电子邮件。
二、
In a country that defines itself by ideals,not by shared blood,who should be allowed to come,work and live here?
在一个以理念，而不是血缘定义自身的国家里，什么样的人才可以来到这里工作和生活呢？In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.
在"9-11"袭击事件之后，这些问题的紧迫性达到了前所未有的程度。
On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland securty ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).
2001年12月11日，作为增强国土安全工作的一部分，联邦和14个州的机关发动了“安全旅行操作”行动----搜查了机场并逮捕了使用假身份证的雇员。
In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests.But those captured were anything but terrorists,most of them illegal immigrants from Central or Sounth American . 在盐湖城有69人被捕。这些被捕的人形形色色，但是就是没有恐怖分子，他们中大多数人是来自中南美洲的非法移民。
Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to blankmall(讹诈)by terrorists.
当地政府说，非法劳工的不合法身份使他们容易受恐怖分子讹诈。
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.
许多在盐湖城的移民对于被捕感到非常气愤，并表示感觉自己就像被丢弃的东西一样。Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. Anderson市长称这些人的感受就某种程度而言是有根据的
"We're saying we want you to work in these places,we're going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are,and then when it's convenient for us,or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security,especially after Sept.11,then you'er disposable There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,"Anderson said.
“我们声称想让你们在这些地方工作，但我们的法律却让我们用另外一种方式来看待你们，因而在适当的时候，或在我们以国家安全为由的时候，特别是在"9-11"之后，你们就被丢
弃了。有些人全家都因为这些不合理的理由而被扫地出门。”
If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America,probably indefinitely . 如果"9-11"没有发生，机场工作人员就不会被捕，可以在美国一直过着安宁的日子，可能永
远这样生活着。
Ana Castro,a ,amanager at a Ben & Jerry'sice cream shop at the airport.had been working 10 years with the same false Social Aecurity card when she was arrested in the December airport raid.一位名叫Ana Castro的机场Ben Jerry's雪糕店经历，使用伪造的社会保障卡工作已经有10年了，直到她在12月机场搜查中被捕。Now she and her family are living under the threat of deporation(驱逐出境). Castro's case is currently waiting to be settled.While she awaits the outcome ,the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerry's.
现在她和家人生活在可能被驱逐出境的威胁下。Castro的案件目前正等候处理。在她等待处理结果时，政府允许她在美工作，所以她又回到"Ben Jerry's"继续她的工作。
2006年12月
一、
Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water，which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland，Canada.
从加拿大纽芬兰海岸附近的冰山采集而来的Iceberg瓶装水，在北美到达了流行的新巅峰。Arthur von Wiesenberger，who carries the title Water Master，is one of the few water critics in North America.
拥有“水之大师”头衔的Arthur von Wiesenberger，是北美为数不多的“水评家”之一。As a boy，he spent time in the larger cities of Italy，France and Switzerland，where bottled water is consumed daily.
孩童时代的她，在一些意大利、法国和瑞士的大城市里待了很长一段时间，那些地方每天会消费大量的瓶装水。
Even then，he kept a water journal，noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water，” He says.
从那之后，他写了一本水日记，记录他最喜好的品牌。“连我的狗都可以分辨瓶装水和自来水”他戏称。
But is plain tap water all that bad？Not at all. In fact，New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.
但平淡无味的普通自来水就那么糟糕吗？不尽然。事实上，过去的一个多世纪以来，纽约的水被称为自来水中的香槟酒，最近更被人称为在未到和纯净方面属于全球最好之一。Similarly，a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.
同样，一本英国杂志发现院子泰晤士河的自来水尝起来远比一些贵上400倍的大牌瓶装水要好。
Nevertheless，soft－drink companies view bottled water as the next battleground for market share—this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water：PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca－Cola’s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.
然而，软饮料公司认为瓶装水是下一个市场份额的战场---尽管事实上超过百分二十五的瓶装水来自自来水。Pepsico公司的Aquafina和Coca-Cola的Dasani两者都是净化过的自来水，而非矿泉水。
As diners thirst for leading brands，bottlers and restaurateurs salivate （垂涎）over the profits.
用餐者都渴望喝大牌的瓶装水，瓶装水供应商和参观则垂涎背后的利润。
A restaurant’s typical mark－up on wine is 100 to 150 percent，whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent.
餐厅通常会在将酒价标高至100%到150%，然后在瓶装水上，通常是300%到500% But since water is much cheaper than wine，and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores，most diners don’t notice or care.
但由于水比酒廉价多了，况且许多稀奇古怪的品牌在商店里买不到，大多数用餐的人也就不注意，不关心了。
As a result，some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. 结果，好些餐厅都在想方设法卖瓶装水。
According to an article in The Street Journal，some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell，listing brands on the menu without prices，and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.
根据《华尔街日报》的一篇文章，一些比较无耻的手法包括：在餐厅桌上放置有人的瓶子用以视觉销售；菜单只罗列瓶装品牌却无价格；还有叶不问用餐者是否想要，直接给你倒瓶装水。
Regardless of how it’s sold，the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health，our wish to appear cultivated，and even a longing for lost purity.
且不论销售手段，瓶装水的流行利用了我们那一份对健康的渴求，那一份看起来有教养的心愿，以及那一份对于久违了的纯净的渴望。
二、
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease - especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.
如今我们发现，社会医疗保健的重心正从治疗疾病转移到放置疾病---尤其在改变我们诸多不良习惯方面，如：暴饮暴食，抽烟和缺乏锻炼。
The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further.
与该改革息息相关的一类观点都需要进一步摸索。
Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious(有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.
想象这样一个人，体重恰好，偏不吃有营养的失误；感觉良好，但鲜有机会锻炼；每天上班，但业绩一般；晚上大多在家里喝些啤酒，但不会酒后驾车；而且胸部不痛，血压正常，可惜睡的很多且时常觉得累。
This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
这个人不算生病，他甚至没有什么风险换上疑难杂症。不过我们能想象，这个人可以更健康。The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely " not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.
在医药领域中，传统上我们并不区分那些仅是“没病”的人和那些健康且注意身体特别需求的人。这两类人都被称作“健康的人”。
Both types have simply been called "well". In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "wellness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.
然而，近年来，一些健康专家开始使用“身体好”和“健康”这两个术语，仅用于那些正在积极努力维持并改善自身健康的人。
People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise and they make a point of monitoring their body's condition.
身体好的人总会关注营养和锻炼，并且懂得监察自身的状况。
Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all
matters related to their health.
也许最重要的是，身体好的人会对一切和健康相关的问题主动负责。
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well," in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.
在这种新定义下，只要面对个人身体极限之时仍能尽其所能维持健康，就算身患顽疾或者身有残缺的人也算是身体好的人。
"Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for.
“健康”或许不应该被看做是一种人们可以达成的境界，而是一种人们为之努力的理想状态。People who are well are likely to be better able resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.
当疾病侵袭的时候，身体好的人更能够抵御对抗。
And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
另外，多注意健康生活之道。健康的概念对于人们面对日常生活的挑战也大有益处。
2007年6月
一、
I've been writing for most of my life.
我一辈子大部分时间都在从事写作。
The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.
《写作无师自通》这本书想我介绍了一种区别和一种练习。帮助我大大提高了写作水平。The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind.
区别是关于创造性思维和评判性思维之间的区别。
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
你需要做的是运用两者帮助你得到一个结果，但是他们不能同时起作用，无论我们多么想要这样做。
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter.
试图匆忙地批判写作内容可能是我们大多数人在写作时遇到的最大障碍。
If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting （稍纵即逝的）thought, the thought will die. 如果你按照五年级英语老师教你的，在努力抓紧稍纵即逝的想法的同时纠正你的语法，这个想法肯定会消失。
If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.
如果你抓住了稍纵即逝的想法，但仅以其原始的形式和世界分享，或许没有人能够理解。You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.
如果你想要把写作作为思考的工具，必须学会首先创造，然后批判。
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”
练习是指ELbow所说的“自由写作”，它可以帮助你改正边写边改的话习惯。
In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes.
在自由写作中，我们的目标是在15-20分钟的时间内不间断写作。
No stopping, no going back, no criticizing.
不停顿，不回头，不作批判。
The goal is to get the words flowing.
这样做的目的是使文字流畅起来。
As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
当语言开始流畅，想法就会从阴暗处涌现出来，呈现在你的笔记本或者电脑屏幕上。
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.
现在，你有进行评判性思维的原材料了，建议你坐下静静地查看文稿。
Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. 通常，你会认为这个环节所需的时间比你实际需要的时间要长，并且直到最后一刻，你还盯着文稿，头脑一片空白。
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. 不要盯着空白的屏幕，无论多么糟糕，都开始写下去。
Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.
写作时间进行到一半时，停下来整理你的初稿，让它更接近终稿。
Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
不断前后重复，直到时间用尽。这样，你所得到的终稿会比你用现在在练习中写的文稿要好得多。
二、
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again.
我不想再谈关于作为一位女性科学家的问题了。
There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.
有一段时间，人们不断地问我在男性主导的领域中工作的故事。
I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting.
我不擅长将这些故事，因为实际上我并不觉得它们有趣。
What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
我真正感兴趣的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状和黑洞的本质。
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom.
在19岁的时候，我开始学习天体物理学，作为班上唯一的女性，我一点也不觉得苦恼。But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me.
但是当我在麻省理工学院攻读博士学位和之后作为博士后进行太空研究时，这一点开始让我觉得苦恼。
My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics.So were my failures.
我的每一项成就----工作，研究论文，奖项---都被人们从性别政治的角度进行审视。我的失败也一样。
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
有时候，当我陷入左脑和右脑，天赋与培育的争论中时，我会立刻为我自己和所有的妇女进行激烈的抗辩。
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.
然后再很多年以后的一天，我口中冒出一句最终成为我对所有挑衅的回答：“我不再讨论这
个问题了”
It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues.
我花了十年的时间重获19岁时的自信，让自己认识到我不再想要处理性别的问题。
Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist?
为何性别歧视要成为每位女性科学家的另一个可怕的负担？
After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
毕竟，我不是社会学或政治理论的研究者。
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City.
现在，我在Barnard---纽约的一所女子学院进行研究和授课。
Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women.
最近，有人问我班上的45个学生中有多少是女性。
You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45.
你很难想象我在回答时的满足感：45。
I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children.And I don’t dismiss those concerns.
我知道有些学生会担心如何处理科学俺就和生儿育女之间的矛盾，我不会不理会这些担心。Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.
但是，我也不会跟她们讲述“战争”的故事，相反，我会告诉他们：他们的物理教授身怀六甲仍然坚持做物理实验的景象。
And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
作为回报，他们给我我45个热爱科学的女性的形象。这才是值得谈论的景象。
2007年12月
一、
By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction.
无论如何，网络教学已经十分流行。
In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent.
近几年来，有34%的美国大学开始提供不同形式的远程教学，而在较大的大学里，这个数字已经接近90%。
If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix.
如果你对这与潮流表示质疑，那么或许你还没有听过凤凰城大学。
It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.
这所大学的学位都是通过网络教学授予的，目前学生总数为9万人，该数字使之号称是美国最大的私立学校。
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail.
尽管这些课程的具体教学内容不尽相同，但远程教学通常意味着老师会在网站上公布教程大纲，阅读作业和进度安排，而学生通过电子邮件交作业。
Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.
一般而言，师生间面对面交流会很少，甚至没有。
The attraction for students might at first seem obvious.
起初，这种教学形式对学生的吸引是显而易见的。
Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣).
主要是网络课堂很便利，正如其宣传的一般，学生可以穿着睡衣来上学。
But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course.
然而数据表明，课堂参与的减少导致学生学习不是很努力。
While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent.
美国大学本科新生的退学率约为20%，而对于参加网络教学的学生而言，这个数字达到了35%。
Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. 学生本身也明白这个机制的不足之处。对
In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.
康奈尔大学远程教学部的调查结果显示，只有不到三分之一的受访者热认为网络课程的质量和传统课堂一样。
Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved.
无疑，从学校的角度，网络教学能节约大量金钱。
Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in severs and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded(升级) systems.
尽管部分更艰巨的项目需要新资金的注入来构建服务器的网络以支持协作软件。其余大多数的网络课程都可在现有或略微提升的系统上得以实现。
The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the schools saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots.
网络教学招生越多，学校节约的成本就越多：因为学院不来学校，学校的灯无需开着，不必雇佣门卫，停车场也不用维修。
And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less.
同时，有证据显示对于远程教育的导师来说，诸多原因使得他们必须更加努力地授课；也许他们的薪酬不会增加，还有可能减少。
二、
In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied.
在这个充斥着网聊，电子游戏与真人秀的时代，并不缺乏让小孩子沉迷的玩物。
Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.
尽管有着这些诱惑，我8岁的女儿Rebecca，却希望花时间写写小故事。
She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.
她打算将其中一个作品拿去比赛-------一个去年她获胜的比赛。
As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them.
作为一名作家，我十分了解写作比赛中赢和输意味着什么。
I know what it is like to work hard on a story to receive a rejection slip from the publisher.
我知道，当辛辛苦苦写完一个故事却遭到出版社的拒绝是一种什么样的心情；
I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous
victories.
我也知道，要维护从前的成功所带来的声望需要承受多么大的压力。
What if she doesn’t win the contest again?
加入女儿这次赢不了比赛会怎么样呢？
That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.
作为父母，这是无比奇怪的事情。我们以往的很多伤痕和破碎的梦想会慢慢浮现出来。
A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?”“No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”
知道上星期，我得到了启示。我问她：“你想再赢一次吗？”“不”女儿回答，“我只想告诉大家一个天使上一年级的故事”
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them.
我其实已经花了好几个星期在女儿不自觉地讲述时修正她的故事。
Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall.
我告诉自己，这无非是一个有经验的作家在引导一个新作家而已。
I offered suggestions first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.
我给了她不少建议，关于角色，冲突以及故事的结局，在我的“指引”下，这个原本讲小天使担惊受怕地开始念一年级的故事，很快变成了一个充满丰富想象力的女孩开始第一节音乐课的历程。
I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.
在我不经意时，我已经把她的比当成了自己的比赛。
Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks.
放手给孩子空间成长不想看起来那么简单。
Because I know little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade. 因为我对能用工具的农场动物，或者一年级的小天使一无所知。
I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience. 我不得不承认我借用了女儿的经历。
While steeping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.
尽管对于我来说放手不容易，但可喜的是，这回是一个好的开端，我很快可以学会更多，给自己一段合适的距离，既可以让女儿有发展的空间，同时在她需要时施以援手。
All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment , grow and find their own voices.
在这个过程中，我会一直提醒自己，孩子需要空间去尝试，去找到属于自己的路。
2008年6月
一、
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but- regardless of whether it is or isn't - we won't do much about it. 全球变暖或许是21世纪最大的环境危机，但无论是或不是，我们都不会对全球变暖做什么。We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it.
我们会不断地为此争吵，甚至可能以国家形式作出一些貌似严重的承诺，以避免全球变暖发生。
But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
但是这些承诺看上去越是戏剧化，越是有意义，就越不可能成为现实。
A1 Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.
戈尔称全球变暖为“不可忽视的真相”，好像仅仅认识到其存在，我们就可以找到解决办法。But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major technological breakthroughs - we can't do much about it.
但是真正的真相是，我们并不具备足够的知识来缓解全球变暖，如果没有重大的科技突破，我们根本无法做出什么成绩。
From 2003 to 2050,the world 's population is projevted to grow from 6.4 billon to 9.1 billion ,a 42% increase.
2003年到2050年，世界人口预计将从64亿增加到91亿，上升42%。
If energy use per person and technology remain te same,total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050.
如果人均能源消耗和技术水平维持现状，总能量消耗和温室气体排放（主要是二氧化碳）到2050年将会增加42%。
But that's too low,because societies that grow richer use more energy.We need econmic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty
and freeze everyone else's living standards.
但是这还不算多，因为随着社会越来越富裕，能源的使用也会相应增加。我们需要经济增长，除非我们迫使穷人们处于现在的贫困状态，并且让其他人的生活水平停留在原地不动。With modest growth,energy use and greenhouse emissions more then double by 2050.
就算在增长较少的情况下，到2050年，能源的使用和温室气体的排放也将至少翻一倍。No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freeom (limits on electricity usage,driving and travel)that might cut back global warming.
没有政府会使用严格的限制经济增长和人身自由的措施（限制用电，驾驶和旅游），虽然这些可能有助于环节全球变暖。
Still,politicians want to show they're "doing something"Consider the Kyoto Protoco(京都议定书).It alowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't.But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
然而，政治家们想表现出他们正在“做些事情”。想想《京都协议》，它允许参与国家惩罚那些没有加入的国家，但这并没有降低二氧化碳排放量（自1990年以来上升了25%），很多签字国并没有采用足够严格的政策以达到2008年--2012年的目标。
The practical codusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster,the only solution is new technology.
比较现实的结论是，如果全球变暖是场潜在的灾难，那么唯一的解决方法就是新技术。Only an aggressive research and development program miaght find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
只有通过这一项积极的研究和发展项目，才可能找到方法打破现有的对矿物燃料的依赖或者解决这一问题。
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral proble when it's teally an engineering one.
全球变暖这场辩论的麻烦在于，当它应该还是个工程问题的时候，已经成为了道德问题。The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless.
不可忽视的真相是，如果没有办法解决工程问题，我们就真的无能为力了。
二、
Someday a siranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website you've visited.
某天，有陌生人在未经许可的情况下阅读了你的电子邮件，或者浏览你访问过的网页。
Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phonebills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
或者某人偶然看了你的信用卡购买记录或者手机账单，发现了你的购物喜好和打电话习惯。In fact, it's likely some of these things have already happened to you.
实际上，类似的事情很可能已经在你身上发生过了。
Who would watch you without your permisson?
谁会在未经许可的前提下监视你？
It might be a spous, a girlfreiend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal.
很可能是配偶，女朋友，市场公司，老板，警察或者罪犯。
Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen - the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
无论是谁，他们都会以一种你绝对不希望的方式来观察你，在21世纪，这无异于裸体相向。Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times.
心理学家们告诉我们有界限是健康的，在适当的时间，分阶段地向朋友，家庭和爱人展现自己十分重要。
But few boundaries remain.
但现在几乎没有什么界限了。
The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like.
你留下的数据面包屑无处不在，这使得陌生人能够轻而易举地重构你的身份、你的所在地和你的喜好。
In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think.
在某些情况下，简单的谷歌搜索就可以揭示你所想的。
Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
不管你喜欢不喜欢，我们生活在一个越来越无法保守秘密的世界。
The key question is: Does that matter?
问题的关键是：这是否重要？
For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no."
对于很多美国人而言，回答显而易见：不重要。
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losting it.
当民意调查问美国人对隐私的看法时，大部分美国人都会担心失去隐私.
A survery found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me."
一个调查发现了关于隐私的势不可挡的悲观情绪，有60%的受访者说他们觉得自己的隐私“正在悄悄地溜走，这让我很困扰”
But people say one thing and do another.
但人们总是言行不一。
Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy.
仅有很少一部分美国人改变他们的行为，去保护他们的隐私。
Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements.
很少有人会为了便面使用可以追踪汽车形成的过路系统，而拒绝收费站的折扣。
And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards.
很少有人会决绝超市的会员卡。
Privacy economist A lessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Socail Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)。
隐私经济学家亚历山德罗-阿奎斯迪曾进行过一系列的研究，其结果显示，人们会为了得到可怜的50美分的优惠券而献出他们的个人信息，如社会保障号。
But privacy does matter - at least sometimes.
但是隐私真的很重要---至少某些时候很重要。
It's like health: When you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.
正如健康一样，当你拥有的时候，并不会注意到。只有当失去了，才会后悔当初没有为保护它而做些什么。
2008年12月
一、
If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor . 如果正在阅读本文的你是男性，恭喜你，你是幸存者。
According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS.
根据统计，你死于皮肤癌的可能性要比女性高两倍，而死于艾滋病的可能性更是要比女性高九倍。
Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.
假设你可以活到自然死亡，澳大利亚男性的寿命是78岁左右，平均而言，你要比女性早死五年。
There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
解释这一现象的原因有很多---典型的是，男人比女人冒的风险多，喝酒更多，吸烟更多---但或许更重要的是，男人不看医生。
“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”
“男人看医生的次数远远不及他们应该达到的次数”古罗塔医生说，“40岁以上的男人尤其如此，这个年龄更容易生病”
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.
古罗塔认为一名健康的男性应该每一到两年就看一次医生。45岁以上者，应该至少每年看一次。
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
两个月前，古罗塔见到一名50岁的男性，他患有吸烟过多而引起的咳嗽，但拖了一年才来就医。
“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”
“当我最后一次见到他时，病情已经蔓延了，后来他死于肺癌”，他说，“早一些发现或许不能治愈他，但至少能够延长他的寿命”
According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
根据最近的一项调查，年龄在15--40岁之间的女性有95%每年看一次医生，而同一年龄段的男性只有70%会这样做。
“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.
“很多男性认为他们是不可战胜的”古罗塔说“只有看到朋友在高尔夫球场上猝死后，他们才会想到“天啊，如果发生在他身上....”，才会来看医生”
Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
此外还有鸵鸟心态，“有些男人害怕自己有问题，宁愿不知道”罗斯-卡特米尔医生说。
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .
“大部分男人检修车辆的频率要高于自己检查身体的频率”，卡特米尔说。
He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups
他认为大多数经常侵袭男性的疾病都可以通过预防性的体检发现。
Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”
男性定期体检不可避免地会增加公众钱包的压力，卡特米尔说。
But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”
“但是从长远角度来看，预防的费用要低于治疗的费用。此外，最终的代价更大，成为早亡”
二、
High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done
很多人宣扬高质量的客户服务，但实际上，要让客户满意说起来容易做起来难。Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.
顾客很少会向商店的经理或者老板投诉，然而，他们会提醒自己的朋友，亲戚，同事，甚至任何愿意听信他们的陌生人不要去光顾这家店。
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school.
维德咨询公司和沃顿商学院的联合调查表明，商店经理往往是最后听到抱怨的人，而且往往到了他们的老顾客频繁光顾竞争对手的店面时才发觉。
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,”said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”
“传言损害了零售商的利益，娱乐了消费者”维德公司的总经理葆拉-考特尼说，“商店失去了顾客，顾客也必须去寻找相应的替代”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews.
平均来说，每位不快的顾客至少会向四个人抱怨，并不再光顾那家店。而商店会因每位不悦
的顾客的负面评论损失三位以上的顾客。
The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
这种滚雪球效应会对零售商造成灾难性的影响。
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.
该调查显示，买服装的顾客遇到的问题最多。排在第二和第三位的分别是购买杂货和电子商品的顾客。
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.
最常见的抱怨包括爆满的停车场，塞满的货架，超载的货架，脱销的产品，付账的长队和粗鲁的销售人员。
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants.
在购物的高峰时间，有的零售商雇佣当地经常兼职协助泊车的工作。
Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces.
有的则雇佣摇旗者把顾客引到空车位。
This guidance climinated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
这样的引导使顾客不必再没完没了地绕着停车场找寻空位，并且避免了不同顾客盯上了同意停车位而产生的冲突。
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.
通过重新设计店面布局，预先储存在售的货物，雇佣高校且经验丰富的收银员，以及让销售代表在现场回答问题，零售商可以摆脱那些投诉带来的难题。
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
更重要的是，对待那些恼羞成怒的顾客，销售人员应该表现得老练和有礼貌。“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.”said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
“那些能够及时做出反应并且态度友好的零售商比那些不那么友好的零售商更容易顺利解决矛盾。”斯蒂芬-霍克教授说，”也许一些诸如在商店门口安排一个招待员的简单方式会有
英语四级翻译常用词汇：123个中文高频成语翻译 Automation 1502 YuDeyu 一、复习建议： 1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累 2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练 做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。 在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的 词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧~ 1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切 变得越来越困难。 参考译文：For most young people, marriage means s etting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. 词汇点评： 组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。 越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为 a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变 得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。 物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。 表达点评： 本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。 使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状 语，用because of…来带出原因。 2. 过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。 参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China's real estate. 词汇点评： 十年：decade 高速发展：develop rapidly; high-speed development 表达点评：
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
2017年12月 (卷一） 华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。 Huashan(Mount Hua) is situated in Huayin City, 120 kilometers away from Xi'an. It is part of the Qinling Mountains, which divides not only Southern and Northern Shaanxi, but also South and North China. Unlike Taishan, which became a popular place of pilgrimage, Huashan was not well visited in the past because it is dangerous for the climbers to reach its summit. Huashan was also an important place frequented by immortality seekers, as many herbs grow there especially some rare ones. Since the installation of the cable cars in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased significantly. （卷二） 泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米,方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观,而且是一座历史文化名山,过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载,共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感,写诗作文,艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。 Mountain Tai , 2,700 m above sea level and 400 square kilometers, which is located in the western part of China. It enjoys not only the magnificent sight, but the high reputation for its historical culture. Mountain Tai is a place of worship for pilgrims for 3,000 thousand years.According to the record, it was visited by 72 emperors in total. Many writers obtain inspiration and compose poems and compositions by visiting Mountain Tai. Besides, artists also draw paintings here. Consequently, there are a lot of cultural relics
历年四级段落型翻译真题 Roger Li 2014年6月大学英语四级翻译 试卷一：中餐 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 译文： Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is viewed as not only a skill but also a form of art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 译文： As Chinese citizens are attaching increasing importance to the rapidly developing Information Technology, some colleges even set it as a compulsory course. In regard to this, people hold different opinions. Some people view it as unnecessary move, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Other thinks it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology arouses public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。译文： "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners would choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里
英语四级阅读理解基础练习及答案翻译 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《英语四级阅读理解基础练习及答案翻译》的内容，具体内容：在英语学习过程中,阅读理解能力是学习 者发展语言能力的基础和手段。国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型,大学英语四级考试也不例外。大学英语四级阅读理解试题是试卷中 分值最重的题型，为了提... 在英语学习过程中,阅读理解能力是学习者发展语言能力的基础和手 段。国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型,大学英语四级考试也 不例外。大学英语四级阅读理解试题是试卷中分值最重的题型，为了提高大家的阅读水平，下面是我为大家带来英语四级阅读理解基础练习，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! 英语四级阅读理解基础练习一： Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to "leave the nest" and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although
2019大学英语四级考试翻译试题（3） 1. In the budget for this building, they failed to __( 考虑价格增长的因素 ). 2. Only after I slapped him on the back ____( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ). 3. I didn ' t even speak to him, ____( 更不用说与他讨论事情 ). 4. Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____( 求助于他们的父母 ) with a sense of guilt. 5. The victim _____( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time . 参考答案： 1. consider/take into account the factor of increasing price. 「超级单词」Take…… into account=take…… into consideration 把……考虑在内 2. did he notice me and shouted with happiness 「超级句型」这是only引起的半倒装句，only+强调内容+助动词+主语+谓语+其它 3. let alone discuss with him 「超级短语」let alone用作连词，译为"更不用说了" 4. turn to their parents
大学英语四级考试翻译题精选练习（39） 1.Thisisyet_________________(两国人民的又一个共同点). 2.Hisscientificworks_______________(在英语国家得到广泛阅读). 3.Revolutionmeanstheemancipationoftheproductiveforces，_____________(改革也是解放生产力). 4.Heisoptimistic________________(对现时信息产业的发展状况). 5.Workinallfieldsshouldbesubordinatedtoand________________(服务于经济发展的进程). 1.anothercommonpointbetweenthepeopleofourtwocountries 解析：本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词，但是"共同点"是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果，所以增补between之后，符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一，再如：她以教书为业。(Sheisateacherbyoccupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(I'vehadsecondthoughtonthatmatter.) 2.werewidelyreadinEnglish-speakingcountries 解析：若是按照字面翻译，这句话很可能被译为werewidelyreadinEnglishcountries。但是原文中"英语国家"的含义是"讲英语的国家"。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译：我卖掉了彩电。/IsoldoutmycolorTV.这句译文错误在于，没弄清"彩电"的含义。"彩电"有两层意思：一是指具体的实物，即彩色电视机colorTVset;二是指屏幕上出现的影像，即彩色电视colorTV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器，具体的实物。 3.andsodoesreform 解析：本题意为：革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。考点有二：第一，考查词性转移。原文中"解放"用作动词，"生产力"作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语"对生产力的解放"。第二，考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成andreformalsomeanstheemancipationoftheproductiveforces，这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复，可以选用andsodoes...来代替这个动宾结构。 4.aboutthepresentdevelopmentofinformationindustry 解析："对......表示乐观"可以用句型beoptimisticaboutsth.。这句话不能译成aboutthestatusofthepresentdevelopmentofinformationindustry。"状况"是一个范畴词，没有实际含义，可省略不译。 5.servetheeconomicdevelopment 解析："服务于......"即"为......服务"，所以要用servesb./sth.的结构，不能译成beservedto。"进程"也是一个范畴词，可以省略不译。另外，besubordinatedto是一个固定结构，含义是"从属于......，隶属于......"。 声明：此资源由本人收集整理于网络，只用于交流学习，请勿用作它途。如有侵权，请联系，删除处理。
2008.6. Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. Our efforts will pay off if the result of the research ________________________ （能应用于新技术的开发） 88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ______________________（一定出 了毛病）with its operation system. 89．Leaving one’s job, _________________________（不管是什么工作）is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 90．（与我成长的地方相比）_________________________，this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91.（直到他完成使命）___________________________ did he realize that he was seriously ill. . 2008.1. Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. ________________________ (多亏了一系列的新发明)，dotor can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _____________________(我比以前更 容易累了). 89. I am going to pursue this course, ________________________(无论我要作出什 么样的牺牲).
大学英语四级考试翻译提高练习 第一部分翻译——核心语法 1.各种从句的用法 下面通过总结归纳来进一步探讨历年四级翻译对各类从句的考查情况。 (1)主语从句 真题：__________(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6) 答案：What many people don’t realize. (2)宾语从句 真题：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life__________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案：is measured by how much they can loan. (3)表语从句 真题：In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12) 答案：I am more likely to get tired than before (4)定语从句 真题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems__________(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12) 答案：(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution 真题：__________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6) 答案：Compared with the place where I grew up 真题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is __________(我们可以合.(2007.6) 答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate (5)状语从句 真题：Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案：whatever it is(让步状语从句) 真题：I am going to pursue this course, __________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12) 答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句) 真题：Some psychologists claim that people ______(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12) 答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(时间状语从句) 【真题】__________(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12) 【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”，用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。“关心”可以用be concerned about表达。 【答案】What most parents are concerned about
2010年专业四级英语真题（翻译） Passage 4（翻译） Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten. In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. W omen prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill bu t also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Alth ough cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Sinc e food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between ce real, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Informati on Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this ph enomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for s tudents should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a nee d, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Inf ormation Technology aroused public concern. "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coff ee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discove red by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease . During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drin king spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it s pread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chine se tradition and culture. 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或
今年考的三套翻译题均是跟中国的公共交通相关的内容，介绍了公交车、飞机、地铁服务的提升，以及市民生活水平的提高。展现了我国社会的发展和人民幸福水平的提升。 交通方式这一话题是考生日常所熟知的，也比较贴近考生的生活，词汇对于考生来说不是问题，“公交车”、“航空”等都是小学初中就接触到的词汇，但是需要考生去积累一些组合词汇，例如：“私家车private car”、“老年市民senior citizens”等。 对段落内容的理解也不是难事，毕竟交通方式是生活中老生常谈的话题，主要的难点在于一些固定的句式和搭配，例如“随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高”是考生耳熟能详的“万金油”句式。 诸如此类句式还有：“曾是……used to be…”、“越来越……more and more…”这些表达应该是考生在平时的学习中慢慢积累的。 此外，时态语态也是考生容易出错的点，由于汉语和英语表达习惯的不同，汉语中不常用被动，或者即使表达被动的意思也不会体现在句式上，例如：“公交车设施不断更新”，从字面并没有任何提示是被动，但语义的理解却带有被动的含义，翻译成英语时一定要体现出“be+过去分词”的结构。 又如“许多城市……一直努力……”,需要判断，这个动作发生在过去的某个时间节点，一直持续，并还可能持续下去，最后确定此处应选用现在完成进行时，在平时的学习中，应理解每种时态对应的情况，才能更加贴切地表达出原文所要传达的意思 句子的语序调整仍值得考生注意。时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语和方式状语仍然是重要的考点，一般情况下都要后置。 其次是句型的变化。注意运用被动语态(从中英文语用习惯以及动词发出者的逻辑主语去改句子)、插入语(例如，“包括许多农民和外出务工人员”)、there be 句型(非人主语+有/存在。例如，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁)和It为形式主语的句子(例如，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的)进行改句，防止句式单一。 过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。 In the past, travelling by airplane was unimaginable for most Chinese.
2007年6月 一、 I've been writing for most of my life. 我一辈子大部分时间都在从事写作。 The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. 《写作无师自通》这本书想我介绍了一种区别和一种练习。帮助我大大提高了写作水平。 The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. 区别是关于创造性思维和评判性思维之间的区别。 While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. 你需要做的是运用两者帮助你得到一个结果，但是他们不能同时起作用，无论我们多么想要这样做。 Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. 试图匆忙地批判写作内容可能是我们大多数人在写作时遇到的最大障碍。 If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting （稍纵即逝的）thought, the thought will die. 如果你按照五年级英语老师教你的，在努力抓紧稍纵即逝的想法的同时纠正你的语法，这个想法肯定会消失。 If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译练习题（6） 京剧 京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧 的服装(costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类 型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困者 的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色 让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉 (rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。 翻译：Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism. 腊八节 腊八节(the Laba Festival)在农历最后一个月的第八天庆祝，标 志着春节庆祝活动的开始。“腊”指“腊月(the 12th lunar month)”，是农历第十二个月，“八”指的是数字8。腊八节通常在