高级英语张汉熙第一册
答案
lesson 1 课后练习答案及补充练习
习题全解
I．
1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．
2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．
3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．
4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.
5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.
II .
1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another
2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.
3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.
4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.
5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.
Ⅲ. See the translation of text.
IV.
1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord
2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight
3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway
4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware
5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour
6)v. +adv..pullover, buildup
V.
1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.
2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.
3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．
4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．
5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it．(adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．
6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．
7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?
Ⅵ．
1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．
2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．
3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．
Ⅶ．
1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。
2)din指连续不断的噪音，听了很使人心烦意乱；sound指人们感觉到的各种各样的声音，包括高亢的，轻柔的，悦耳的，难听的；noise指所有强烈的、混乱的或令人不快的sounds。
3)quiet或silent指没有声音；而音被压低或吸收而已。muted则指有声音，只不过声
4)display指陈列(物品)，让人看得见；exhibition指展示(物品)，以引人注意、观看。
5)distinct指声音十分清晰，让人一听就知道与别的声音不一样；clear指某物丝毫也不混乱、含糊或模糊不清，因而也就易于理解或领悟。
6)huge指体积大，比large更具体。
7)varied不同于different，它强调的是充满变化，有多种形式或种类繁多。
8)exotic不仅指很奇怪，而且指外来的，本地没有的。strange 的“奇怪”内涵是：生疏、异样、不自然、费解等。
9)sunlit一词更为具体，指因为阳光照耀而明亮；bright则强调光的强度。
lO)massive不仅指大，而且指重，给人的印象深。
11)constantly强调稳定，始终如一；endlessly则强调没完没了，单一，乏味。
12)old意指旧的、老的或古老的；used不一定就是陈旧的，它的意思是因已用过而不再新了。
Ⅷ．
1)buyers 2)sharp，strong 3)dismal，gloomy，solemn 4)declaring，insisting 5)strike 6)abundance，plenty 7)rich and costly 8)goods 9)mixing
Ⅸ．
1)There is the cloth—market，with its profusion of rich colour．
2)There is the coppersmiths’marke t，where you can hear the sounds of tinkling，banging and clashing．
3)There is the carpet—market，where you can find varied textures and regional designs．
4)There is the spice—market，with its pungent and exoti’c smells．
5)There is the food—market，with everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner．
6) There is a sunlit courtyard, with flowers blooming and birds chirping.
X．
1)A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.
2)At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.
3)I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry.
4)The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs.
5)Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see.
6)They decided to buy that house with. a garage attached.
7)The teachers make a point of being strict with the students.
8)This little girl is very much attached to her father.
9)To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries.
10)As dusk fell, daylight faded away.
11)The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit.
12)Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner.
XI.
bazaar, veiled women, copper vessels, carpets, spice, mosque, camels, caravanserai, desert, etc.
XlI. Omitted.
XIII.
1)As I go deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and I come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, reduces the sound of footsteps, and I can hear no sound being echoed. The shop-keepers speak in slow, controlled tones, and the; customers talk in the same way.
The copper-smiths' market is easily traced by the noise coming from it．As I approach it，a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to strike my ear. The noise is so deafening that 1 have to leave as quickly as I can. I can hardly imagine how those copper—smiths and their apprentices can bear to live in all that noise．
《高级英语》第一册练习
Lesson 1
The Middle Eastern Bazaar
Ⅰ. Word explanation
1. conceivable
A. reasonable
B. imaginable
C. considerable
D. credible
2. din
A. muted noise
B. loud distinct noise
C. tinkling sound
D. continuous, confusing noise
3. penetrate
A. make a round about way into
B. force a way into
C. get into easily
D. dash into
4. deaden
A. to die
B. of, or related to death
C. to lessen
D. no longer alive
5. sepulchral
A. overwhelmed
B. pleasant
C. picturesque
D. grave-like
6. persecution
A. cruel treatment
B. bringing a case to the law court
C. violation of one's right
D. unfairness
7. preliminary
A. previous
B. prospective
C. would-be
D. preparatory
8. burnished
A. polish
B. smooth and shiny
C. having been burned
D. something made of copper
9. delicate
A. complicated
B. fine and fragile
C. beautiful and intricate
D. tiny and easily broken
10. girder
A. an I-shaped iron beam
B. closely organized association
C. ancient trade union
D. a tree trunk
11. particular
A. partly
B. generally
D. participant
12. extend
A. stretch out
B. intent
C. intend
D. trend
13. purchase
A. perch
B. chase
C. buy
D. pay
14. bargain
A. negotiate
B. barge
C. boat
D. gain
15. peculiarity
A. particular
B. characteristic
C. specific
D. species
16. customer
A. custom
B. tradition
C. convention
D. purchaser
17. deprive
A. depict
B. take away
C. rub
D. rob
18. distinct
A. distinguish
B. distance
D. distract
19. engrave
A. cut
B. tomb
C. gloom
D. grave
20. humble
A. hunch
B. hump
C. respect
D. lowly
Ⅱ. Replace each underlined part with one word learnt in the text, the first letter of which is given:
1. Stepping out of the dark room, I felt the strong bright light of the sun hurting my eyes. g______
2. Watching the ballet-dancer spinning on her toes, I felt everything turning around me. d_______
3. The sharp, biting smell of the food makes you sneeze time and again.P_____
4. The pressing of the linseed pulp to get out the oil is done by a vast machine operated by one man. e ___
5. The Chinese people will never be forced to yield to foreign economic blockade.o ______by
6. The busiest men have the most free time.l _____
7. A mother will give up her life for her children. s_____
8. She fastened a chain to the dog's collar.a____
9. The earth goes around the sun.r____
Ⅲ. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the following words or expressions in its proper form. Each word or expression is to be used only once.
________________________________________
order of the day, at intervals, glimpse, tower, approach, beaten, makes a point of, credible, take a hand, deal in, fade away, attached to, deprive...of, live
________________________________________
1. We followed the well _____path through the forest.
2. Most foreign trading companies in West Africa _____rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.
3. The young couple ______disciplining their only son.
4. The troubles _______him his sleep
5. After the latest affair he hardly seems ______as a politician.
6. They gave ______broadcast while the performance was in process on the stage.
7. As dusk fell, daylight ______.
8. The huntsman caught only a ______of the deer before it ran into the woods.
9. He is so intelligent that he _____above all the others in his class.
10. Complaints about the new regulations have become the ______on the campus.
Ⅳ. Reading comprehension.
1. The sentence “The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years” means:
A. The bazaar was built hundreds or even thousands of years ago.
B. The market reminds you people and their life of the middle eastern countries centuries ago.
C. For hundreds or thousands of years, the middle eastern bazaar has not changed
D. The Middle eastern bazaar brings you back from hundreds or even thousands of years ago.
2. The striking characteristic of the middle eastern bazaar is:
A. its noise
B. its brightness
C. its ancientness
D. crowdedness
3.“Bargaining is the order of the day” means:
A. Every customer tries to beat down the price of the item he wants to buy.
B. Every customer knows that the seller cheats all the time.
C. An order was issued that everyone should bargain.
D. During daytime everyone bargains.
4. From the phrase “…the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar” we can infer know that:
A. the streets were vaulted so as to make the bazaar a maze.
B. the streets crisscrossed the bazaar, cutting the bazaar into lots of small sections.
C. the maze was full of bees
D. shops, stores and houses together made the bazaar into a big honeycomb.
5. From the sentence “in the background, a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…” we can well infer that
A. the bellows is larger than the charcoal fire.
B. the charcoal fire is larger than the apprentice
C. Both the charcoal fire and the leather bellows are bigger than the apprentice
D. The apprentice must be young and small in stature.
第一册第1课练习答案
1-1: /答案:B1-2: /答案1-3: /答案:B
1-4: /答案:C1-5: /答案:D1-6: /答案:A
1-7: /答案:D1-8: /答案:B1-9: /答案:B
1-10: /答案:A1-11: /答案:C1-12: /答案:A
1-13: /答案:C1-14: /答案:A1-15: /答案:B
1-16: /答案:D1-17: /答案:B1-18: /答案:C
1-19: /答案:A1-20: /答案:D
2-1: /答案:glare2-2: /答案: dizzy2-3: /答案:pungent2-4: /答案:extract
2-5: /答案verwhelmed2-6: /答案: leisure2-7: /答案:sacrifice
2-8: /答案:attached 2-9: /答案:revolves
3-1: /答案: beaten 3-2: /答案:deal in 3-3: /答案: makes a point of
3-4: /答案: deprived of 3-5: /答案:credible3-6: /答案: live
3-7: /答案: faded away3-8: /答案: glimpse3-9: /答案:towers
3-10: /答案:order of the day4-1: /答案:B4-2: /答案:C
4-3: /答案:A4-4: /答案:B4-5: /答案:D
Lesson 2 Hiroshima -- the "Liveliest”
习题全解
I .
1)The writer must be an American journalist or reporter.
2)The aim of the visit, I think, was to gather information about Hiroshima today.
3)A lot of sad thoughts were on his mind. There were other visitors from abroad who didn't share his views. The first paragraph shows this to us clearly. 4)He felt a sense of guilt.
5)The Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thought as the writer was.
6)Hiroshima was different from other Japanese cities in that it was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.
7)Since then, it has been rebuilt with hard work and with the help of education, science and
technology.
8)One is an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs. Another is that the impact of the 1945 bomb attack is still felt or seen till now.
9)Because he thought it was unnecessary to do so since the answers were obvious after his talk with the patients.
10)The answer was the Hiroshima was not the liveliest city in Japan.
Ⅱ.
1)They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.
2)As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.
3)The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.
4)1 suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.
5)The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was．
6)After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude．
7)1 was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking．
8)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．
Ⅲ．See the translation of the text．
Ⅳ．
1)n．+present participle：epoch—making，face—keeping，time consuming，nerve—wracking
2)n．+past participle：home—made，bedridden，sun—burnt，heartfelt
3)n．+adj．：pitch—dark，headstrong，duty—free，coal—black
4)n．+n．+-ed：lion-hearted，iron-fisted，wall—eyed，brick—walled
5)adj．+n．+-ed：stiff-necked，highminded，dull—witted，warm—blooded，empty—headed，cold—blooded
6)adj．+present participle：high—sounding，hard—working, plain-sailing，far—reaching
7)adj．+past participle：high—flown，new-born，finespun, high—strung
Ⅴ．
1)was指事实如此；而must be意为“很可能”。
2)“Was I at the scene…?”表示不能断定是不是在那里，而“Was I not at the scene…?”表示肯定是在那里，有“难倒……不是”的意思。
3)elderly意为“上了年纪的”，但不算太老。
4)grin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。mile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。
5)sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。
6)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。
7)site大多指一块地方，可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(a building site)，也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(site of the first atomic bombardment)。spot所指地点较小。
8)demolish意义比较实在，指彻底拆除，而destroy仅指破坏。
9)gay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，心情好。
lO)gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。
Ⅵ．
1)job，task，duty 2)unaware 3)fronts，by the front doors 4)striking/fascinating/strange / sight；continual，endless，constant 5)sudden，sharp feeling；idea，thought，expectation 6)killed，murdered 7)pain，torture 8)fame 9)daydream，thoughts 1O)atomic disaster 11)tear down，pull down 12)meet with，face
Ⅶ．
1)他刚才所讲的与讨论的问题无关。
2)战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。
3)他专心致志地工作，完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。
4)记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。
5)——老师用了个什么字?我没太听清楚。——我也没听清楚，很像是preoccupation。
6)又拐了一个弯，我们来到了一个可容几百人的大岩洞。
7)人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。
8)铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。
9)手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。
10)将军常到兵营里去，和普通战士们在一起。
Ⅶ．
1)soil 2)soil3)earth 4)earth 5)familiar to 6)familiar with 7)puzzled 8)surprising 9)admits 10)had confessed 11)careful 12)cautiously
Ⅸ．
1)There is not a soul in the hall．The meeting must have been put off．
2)The book looks very much like a box. (The book looks much the same as a box. )
3)Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.
4)The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.
5)He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.
6)What he did had nothing to do with her.
7)She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.
8)I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.
9)He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects.
10)It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.
11)The soil smells of fresh grass.
12)Could you spare me a few minutes?
13)Could you spare me a ticket?
14)That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.
X. Omitted.
XI.
My Visit to the European Town One autumn, my friends and I went to Wuxi on vacation. We decided to visit the European Town first. It is a park located on the side of Tai Lake. Many European scenic spots are built smaller there and a lot of tourists go there for sightseeing everyday. Because they may never have the chance to see the real ones, they pay to see these imitations.
We arrived at the town late in the morning. It began to drizzle as we stepped inside. But the rain didn't decrease our plea-sure because it was more romantic than in the sunlight. I was deeply impressed by the scenery there. The number of European 31style buildings was beyond my imagination. We saw Triumphal Arch and Eiffel Tower of Paris, the Windmills of Holland and
many others. Here and there, people were taking pictures. In an excited mood, we strolled to each building. We also took a lot of photos there. I liked the one taken in front of Triumphal Arch most. It was so real that you might think I had been to Paris.
We spent the rest of the day there. It was really an unforgetable experience for me.
《高级英语》第一册练习
Lesson 2
Hiroshima---the “Liveliest City in Japan”
Ⅰ. Word explanation
1. elderly
A. olderly
B. mid-age
C. approaching mid-age
D. past mid-age
2.facade
A. the wall of a building
B. the front of a building
C. in front of a building
D.the wall in front of a building
3. ignorance
A. disregard
B. pretend not to see
C. lack of knowledge
D. neglect
4. demolish
A. decrease
B. . erect
C. tear down
D. set aside
5. inhibit
A. live
B. dwell
C. suppress
D. unlock
6. barge
A. a kind of cloth
B. a kind of clothing
C. a colour
D. a boat
7. scar
A. a wound
B. a hidden wound
C. a mark on the skin
D. a mark of damage
8. commit
A. to do
B. to commission
C. to trust
D. to place an order
9. preserve
A. to keep from danger
B. . to serve in advance
C. . to save
D. . to reserve
10. consist of
A. be composed of
B. be composed of
C. contain
D. include
11. lump
A. lamp
B. mass
C. limp
D. lung
12. gratitude
A. appreciation
B. thankfulness
C.gratefulness
D.all the above
13. halt
A. stop
B. prevent
C. salute
D. alter
14. destination
A. destiny
B. desperate
C. goal
D. doom
15. sketch
A. stretch
B. skeptic
C. scratch
D. draw
Ⅱ. Replace each underlined part with one word learnt in the text, the first letter of which is given:
1. The teacher answered with a brief nod of agreement.a
2. The book was so interesting that I was practically unconscious of my surroundings. o
3. The thought of his past experience of stealing brings him a sudden sharp pain of conscience.t
4. I see little hope of his recovery.p
5. His greatest concern washow to find money for a holiday in Europe.p by
6. She shouldn't have come to the hotel suite. She shouldn't have delayed leaving --- this was fatal --- after others had left.l
7. If I had been less careful I might have been more wise.c
8. They faced one another in the boxing ring.e
9. The town will build a monument to its war heroes.e
10. She was deeply disturbed until she learned that her husband was among the survivors.a
Ⅲ. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the following words or expressions in its proper form. Each word or expression is to be used only once.
________________________________________
to have a lump in one's throat, spare, spectacle, on the part of, rub shoulders with, humiliate, shiver, sink in, in response, fold
________________________________________
1. Obviously my warning failed to , and he got into trouble as a consequence.
2. The children at play among the flowers made quite a fine
3. There is no objection the land owner.
4. Twice I put the request to him, but he said nothing
5. All during her mother's funeral, Alice
6. You should disdain such a person as that
7. a piece of paper round the flowers so that they'll be easier to carry.
8. . China will never forget the treaties forced upon her by foreign invaders.
9. The victorious enemy neither young nor old
10. Judging from the of the children it must be cold outside
Ⅴ. Reading comprehension.
1. The sentence “little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress” shows that __.
A. western influence and national tradition co-existed in Japan
B. There were lots of female walking in the streets.
C. . Little girls and elderly women wore kimonos but teenagers and women wore western dress
D. Women in Japan wore different clothes
2. The sentence “the usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh” shows that __.
A. the usher was pleasant and loved music
B. the usher was bored but still very polite
C. the was boring but still kept his politeness
D. the usher was boring but still wanted to keep himself in pleasant mood
3.The author’s description of the mayor “he was a tall, thin man, sad-eyed and serious” shows that __.
A. the meeting with the author who was an American reminded the mayor of the atomic crime
B. the mayor must be in sad mood that night.
C. the author’s own mentality distorted the image of the mayor
D. the mayor did not want to talk with the author
4. The sentence “there are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters” means __.
A. people in Hiroshima hold different opinions on the A-bomb attack
B. people in Hiroshima hold different opinions on World War II
C. people in Hiroshima hold different opinions on how to treat the remnants of the A-bomb attack.
D. people in Hiroshima hold different opinions on how to preserve their memory of the A-bomb attack
5. The sentence “the very sight of which would send shiv ers down the spine of any healthy visitor” means __.
A. any healthy visitor would feel uneasy when he saw the medical instruments
B. Any healthy visitor would start trembling when he saw the medical instruments
C. the medical instruments were burnished and cold
D. as soon as he saw the cold medical instruments, the visitor began shivering
6. The expression “earthly cares” in this text can be best understood as __.
A. daily worries such as food, clothing and etc
B. global considerations such as environment and etc
C. social conflicts such as terrorism, disarmament and etc.
D. everyday business such as economy and finance and etc.
第一册第2课练习答案
1-1: /答案:D1-2: /答案:B1-3: /答案:C
1-4: /答案:C1-5: /答案:C1-6: /答案:D1-7: /答案:D
1-8: /答案:A1-9: /答案:A1-10: /答案:A1-11: /答案:B
1-12: /答案:D1-13: /答案:A1-14: /答案:C1-15: /答案:D
2-1: /答案:assent2-2: /答案: oblivious 2-3: /答案:twinge
2-4: /答案:prospect 2-5: /答案:preoccupation2-6: /答案: lingered
2-7: /答案: cautious 2-8: /答案:encountered2-9: /答案:erect
3-0: /答案: agitated 3-1: /答案: sink in 3-2: /答案: spectacle
3-3: /答案: on the part of 3-4: /答案: in response
3-5: /答案: had a lump in her throat
3-6: /答案: to rub shoulders with3-7: /答案: Fold 3-8: /答案:humiliating
3-9: /答案:spared 3-10: /答案: shivering4-1: /答案:A
4-2: /答案:B4-3: /答案:C4-4: /答案:D
4-5: /答案:A4-6: /答案:A
Lesson 3 Ships in the Desert
课后练习答案及补充练习
习题全解
I.
1)The writer went to the Aral Sea to search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis. What he saw there was hot dry sand.
2)It was the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier.
3)Scientists were monitoring the air several times a day to chart the course of the climate change.
4)Because the polar cap plays a crucial role in the world's weather system, the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world.
5)There are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America. The destruction of the Amazon rain forest will mean silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.
6)The writer calls noctilucent clouds"ghosts in the sky". As a result of pollution, the clouds occasionally appear when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness. And they appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere.
7)Because we are not yet awakened to take effective measures to deal with the climate change.
8)Carbon dioxide's ability to trap heat in the atmosphere causes global warming. Because global warming seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pat- tern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean cur- rents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.
9)The two key factors are human population and the scientific and technological development. The dramatic changes that have occurred in these two factors are a sudden and startling surge in human population and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution.
10)The writer's solution to our ecological problems is to reinvent and finally heal the relationship between human beings and the earth by carrying out a careful reassessment of all the {actors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship.
Ⅱ.
1)It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish.
2)Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 2050 years ago.
3)keeps its engines running for fear that if he stops them, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again
4)Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered and the beef can be used in ham- burgers.
5)Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct.
6)Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical Value.
7) We are using and destroying resources in such a huge amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness.
8) Or have we been so accustomed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds.
9)To put forword the question in a different way
10)and greatly affect the living places and activities of human societies
ll)We seem unaware that the earth's natural systems are delicate.
12)And this continuing revolution has also suddenly developed at a speed that doubled and tripled the original speed.
Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.
IV.
1)transportation, imitation, destruction 2)encirclement, enrichment, enlightenment
3)postage, coinage, advantage 4)sharpness, boldness, smoothness
5)admission, concession, depression 6)productivity, sensitivity, desirability
7)posture, departure, indenture8)independence, prudence, impudence
9)flagrancy, consistency, potency 10)analysis, metabasis, metamorphosis
ll)dictatorship, ownership, partnership 12)depth, length, birth
V.
1)technology 技术2)ecology 生态学
3)hydrology 水文学4)phrenology 颅像学
5)neurology 神经病学6)pathology 病理学
7)physiology生理学8)pharmacology药理学
9)gynaecology妇科学lO)oceanology海洋学
11)lexicology词汇学12)archaeology考古学
13)anthropology人类学14)criminology犯罪学
Ⅵ．
1)anarchist无政府主义者2)naturalist自然主义者
3)biologist生物学家4)psychologist心理学家5)satirist讽刺作家
6)encyclopaedist百科全书编纂者7)geologist地质学家
8)sociologist社会学家9)zoologist动物学家lO)impressionist印象派艺术家
l1)environmentalist环境保护论者12)terrorist恐怖主义分子
Ⅶ．
1)submarine潜水艇2)submerge淹没，潜入水中3)subantartic亚南极的
4)subsolar在太阳正下面的，赤道的5)subhead小标题6)subaquatic半水栖的
7)subdivide把……再分8)suboxide低氧化物9)subclass亚纲lO) subclimax亚顶极群落
l1)subcommittee小组委员会12)subconscious下意识的
13)subcontinent次大陆14)subcontract转包合同15)subculture亚文化群
16)subspecies亚种17)subsoil 底土18)sublethal ( 毒药的量等) 尚不致命的
Ⅷ.
inland sea, desert, core sample, glacier, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, polar ice cap, global warming, Amazon rain forest, species of birds, ecological balance, noctilucent cloud, methane gas, natural gas, landfills, coal mines, rice paddies, termites, biomass, upper atmosphere, elephants, greenhouse gases, water vapor, growing mountains of waste, acid rain, chlorine, human activities, heat-absorbing molecules, global climate equilibrium, winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, sea level, vegetative and animal life, etc.
IX.
1)basic examples 2)unalterable 3)meeting 4)characterized strike against each other 5)set up 6)see, attack 7)at the same time 8)balance 9)increasing, existence 10)task ll)out-of-date
X.
1)consequences 2)results 3)results 4)outcome 5)results, 6)outcome 7)causes 8)causes 9)reason 10)reason ll)relations 12)relationship 13) relations 14)relationship 15)complex 16)complex 17)complicated 18)complex 19)simple 20)simplistic
XI.
1)with 2)of 3)on 4)of 5)in 6)in 7)against 8)than 9)of lO)as ll)as 12)with 13)of 14)of 15)for 16)of
XII.
relationship, environment, garbage, what, endless, allow, that, dumping, dispose, drown, having, old, mind, running, waste, it, sight 11 recent, debates, disposal, ocean, elsewhere, confront, capacity, of, quantities, only, change, reduce, we, used, interdependent, chosen, unless, dramatically, thinking, humankind, inherit
XIII. Omitted.
XIV.
We Must Protect Our Ecological System
With the development of human civilization, man has created countless wonders, but at what a price! Our ecological sys-tem, on which all animals' existence depends, has been seriously
Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：
2000年10月高级英语试题及答案 课程代码：0600 本试题分两部分，第一部分考核课程内容，1页至4页；选择题42分，非选择题18分。 第二部分考核水平，4页至8页；选择题20分，非选择题20分。本试题共8页，满分100分。考试时间150分钟。全部题目用英语作答（英语汉题目除外），并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不记分。 Part One 1.The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (0.5 point each, 12 points) . Programmers live in (1) fear of losing anyone's attention -anyone's. The (2) way to avoid doing so is to (3) everything brief, not to (4) the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant (5) through variety, novelty, action and (6). .But before he ever begins to write he will have (7) an emotional attitude from which he will never completely (8). It is his job, no doubt, to (9) his temperament and (10) getting stuck at some (11) stage, or in some (12) mood. .His car needs mechanics, and mechanics grow more expensive and less (13). The gadgets in the home are cheaper to (14) than repair. The more efficiently (15) the home seems to be, the more dependent it is on the great (16) corporations, as well as a diminishing army of servitors. Skills at the lowest level have to be (17) slavishly and exorbitantly (18). .It is only lately that I have (19) how much science of genetics is (20). Agronomists have taken to (21) all sorts of vegetables and fruits (22) their original nature. This sounds wonderful and often is insane. For the scientists have not as a rule (23) any interest whatsoever in the taste of the things they have (24) with! A.acquired B.avoid C.breeding D.changing E.constant F.discipline G.efficient H.escape I.found J.impersonal K.involved L.keep M.movement N.perverse O.premature P.replace Q.rewarded R.self-contained S.stimulation T.strain U.surest V.taken W.tempered X.wooed II. There are 15 sentences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (1 point each, 15 points) 25.In a hot summer day you would find the village children () in the small pond behind the woods. 26. I don't like the dishes in some Chinese restaurants abroad; for they () the local taste too much and the result is that the food is neither Chinese nor foreign. 27.Two pupils from the "Hope Schools" were () to represent Chinese children in the Euro 2000 ceremonies. 28. I think there is too much ( ) made by all people concerned, the parents, the media, and the authorities, about the university entrance examinations. 29. Suddenly the lights went out. She () in the dark for the matches. 30.He was very sad because he had tried very hard in the last three years but ()very little.
U n i t2M a r r a k e c h 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned construction site. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals. 3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name, and nobody notices that they are dead. 4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试 高级英语试题 课程代码：00600 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each) 1．Dorothy accepted the news of war with ______ and sadness. A． excitement B． commitment C． bewilderment D． embarrassment 2． The government could face defeat if it tries to push through the ______ proposals. A． doubtful B． conspicuous C． questionable D． controversial 3． This single market is designed to ______ barriers to the free movement of goods, services and people. A． terminate B． abolish C． eliminate D． exclude 4． He has emerged from being a(n) ______ and unsure candidate into a fluent debater. A． hesitant B． indifferent C． pleasant D． considerate 5．Large paintings can ______ the feeling of space in small rooms. A． endear B． enhance C． enlarge D． encourage
第三课 酒肆闲聊与标准英语 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹
般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语
绍兴文理学院元培学院学年学期 英语专业____级《高级英语（上）》试卷（D） I. Matching (10%) Directions: Match the phrases in Column A with the appropriate Chinese explanations in Column B. Write down the letters with corresponding numbers on your ANSWER SHEET. Column A Column B 1 attribute to A 实行，实现，使生效 2 fall into B 一事无成，无进展 3 put … into effect C 恰当的例子 4 meddle in D 插手，干涉 5 pass for E 归因于 6 a case in point F 落入，陷入，分为 7 get nowhere G 误认为 8 in proper perspective H 强加于 9 let down I 用恰当的观点 10 impose on J 放下，降低，使失望 II. Paraphrase (20%) Directions: Explain in English the meaning of the underlined words or expressions in each of the following sentences and then write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. 11. Unfortunately, acceptance, the imprecise response packing the least educational punch, gets the most equitable sex distribution in classrooms. 12. Classroom chivalry is not only misplaced; it is detrimental. 13. In a railroad accident a menagerie-tiger, whose cage had broken open, is said to have emerged, but presently crept back again. 14. A practical joker saw a discharged veteran carrying home his dinner. 15. The tiger is said to have emerged, but presently crept back again, as if too much bewildered by his new responsibilities. 16. The relationship is a formal and formalized one for which conventionalities suffice. 17. The construction of our vehicle presupposes a design. 18. This confident attitude, so essential to development of future speaking skill, is very fragile and can be stifled quite early. 19. The lion’s share of the damage is man’s doing. 20. I can guess that you are living on a devastated Earth. 21. Government is supposed to be the way we human beings handle our collective affairs, but we just can’t seem to get the hang of it. 22. As a model of lucid scrutiny of a life’s experience, Maugham’s The Summing-Up is unsurpassed. 23. I have never had to put wet towels round an aching brain in order to excavate the meanings from a poem of Tennyson. 24. Religious groups and those who elevate the status of poverty as they equate money with evil exhort us to live simply. 25. Some, on the other hand, determine to break out of their fettered status and relentlessly strive for their share of the gold. 26. Many fine business ideas go down the drain in this way. 27. They develop skills, become knowledgeable, develop expertise, and work very hard. 28. Jukes had been somewhat taken aback by the startling viciousness of the first squall. 29. Such is the prestige, the privilege, and the burden of command. 30. It unveiled the black figures of men caught on the bridge, heads forward, as if petrified in the act of butting. III. Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Passage One You may not have thought of it just this way, but the letter you write is part of you, and expression of your personality. Therefore to write letters that are mere patterns of form is to present a colorless personality. Letters, by their very nature, are too individual to be standardized. A letter may be absolutely perfect according to the standards of good taste and good form; but unless it also expresses something of the writer’s personality, it is not a good letter. In other words, don't be satisfied to write letters that are just correct and nothing more. Try to write letters that are correct for you... letters that are warm and alive with reflections of your own personality. And if this sounds like a platitude (陈词滥调), stop for a moment and think back over your recent correspondence. What was the most interesting letter you received? Was it a letter anyone could have written? Or was it a letter that instantly “came alive”as you read it—that brought the personality of the sender right into the room with you.
张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphrase Unit1 1、We’re elevated 23. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2、The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. we can batten down and ride it out. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4、The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out. 5、Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars 6、The electricity systems had been killed by water. The electricity systems in the car had been put out by water . 7、John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8、Get us through this mess, will you? Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. Unit2 Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them... They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. At last the taxi trip come to an end, and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the gigantic City Hall. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development ...experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in m y socks. 一想到这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长我就感到十分困窘不安。 I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restraint as I was After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible. After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude I was just about to make my little bow of assent,when the meaning of the last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie. I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant. His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking . ...and the nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would send
UNIT1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 1. We're elevated 23 feet. (para 3) We' re 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. (para 4) We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9) Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10) Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11) The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para 17) As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Get us through this mess, will Y ou? (para 17) Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21) Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34) Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. UNIT 4Inaugural Address 1. And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe (para 2) Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world. 2. This much we pledge--and more. (para 5) This much we promise to do and we promise to do more. 3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para 5) United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings. 4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para 9) We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries. 5. our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace (para 10) The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace. 6. to enlarge the area in which its writ may run (para 10) We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force. 7. before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental
12 沙漠之舟 艾尔?戈尔 我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。但现在可不是丰收季节。这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地，但当我站在船头向远处眺望时，却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。极目四顾，原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在，取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上，散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。十年前，咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊，可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。而今，由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程，原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田，咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小，新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。与此同时，这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头，但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产，而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。 我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界，考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。一九八八年深秋时节，我来到地球的最南端。高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面，我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中，与一位科学家进行着一场谈话，内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣，我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂，干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。他一边讲话一边指给我看。从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。他将手指．到二十年前的冰层上，告诉我说，“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。”这里虽处地球之顶端，距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥，但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。 迄今为止，地球大气层最重要的变化始于上世纪初的工业命，变化速度自那以后逐渐加快。工业意味着先是煤、后是石油消耗。我们燃烧了大量的煤和石油——导致大气层二氧化碳含的增加，这就使更多的热量得以留存在大气层中，从而使地球的候逐渐变暖。离南极极点不到一百码远，在雪上飞机降落的冰铺道上风处，科学家们一日数次地测量大气，以便绘制图表记录下无情的变化。雪上飞机在冰铺跑道上降落后，引擎仍得保持运聋以防金属部件冻住而无法发动。在我访问期间，我观看了一位科家绘出那天的测量结果，把图表上一条斜度很大的上升的线再上推进。他告诉我——在这地球的尽头——很容易看清全球大层的巨大变化的速度仍在加快。 两年半以后，在地球的另一端，在寒冷至极的北冰洋上漂浮的一块十二英尺厚的冰板上搭起的小帐篷里我又体验到了在午的阳光下睡觉的滋味。饱吃了一顿早餐后，我和同伴们一起乘雪防滑汽车北行数英里，到了约定会合地点，那儿的冰层较薄——有三英尺半厚——水下有一艘核潜艇在那儿徘徊着。潜艇破冰上来，载上新的乘客后又潜了下去。我也就开始同那些正设法以高的精确度测量极地冰帽厚度的科学家们进行交谈。许多人认北极冰层由于地球气候的转暖而正在变薄。此前我刚刚通过谈使美国海军方面与研究北极冰层的科学家达成协议，向他们提由水下声纳系统探测得到的本来属于最高机密的有关资料，这资料有助于他们了解北极冰层所发生的情况。现在我想实地考一下北极极点。我们登上潜艇约八个小时后，潜艇冲破冰层浮上面。于是，我便置身于一片神奇瑰丽的冰雪世界中。雪原上寒风劲扫，银光闪耀，其边缘则是一道由连绵起伏的小冰丘或由冰席相撞、相互挤压而形成小型山脉的冰层“压脊”勾勒出的地平线。但即使在这儿，空气中二氧化碳的含量也在不断上升，最后气温也必然会随之上升——事实上，地球气候变暖会使南北极地区在气温上升的速度上远高于世界的其他地区。随着极地气温的升高，这里的冰层会融化变薄。由于南北极的冰帽对全球的气候有着至关重要的调节作用，它们的融化将会带来灾难性的后果。 探索这些问题并不是一种纯理论性的工作。我从北极回来后过了六个月，就有一队科学家报称北极冰层的分布结构已发生显著变化；另一队科学家则在考察报告中提出了一个更有争议的说法(如今已有大量资料可以佐证)：总体说来，仅在过去十年当中，北极冰层已融化了百分之二。另外，科学家们还在几年前就已证实，在北极圈以