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小升初英语培优第1讲:名词讲解(学生版)

小升初英语培优第1讲:名词讲解(学生版)
小升初英语培优第1讲:名词讲解(学生版)

第一讲:名词

一、【考点解读】

名词是人类认识事物所使用的基本词汇,是用来表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。小升初的考点主要集中在名词的分类判断和名词的修饰成分上面。 二、【知识讲解】

知识点1——名词的分类和可数名词的单复数

一、名词的种类

名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类。

名词

普通名词

可数名词

具体名词 抽象名词 不可数名词

例:book, student 例:colour, message 具体名词 抽象名词

例:rice, sugar 例:work, advice

(二)国人变复数的规则如下表:

知识点2——常见的不可数名词以及修饰名词的数量词一常见的不可数名词如下表

二修饰名词的数量词如下表

知识点3——名词的句法作用

名词在句子中可以用作如下成分:

1. 名词作主语

The boy opened the door. 那个男孩把门打开了。

2. 名词作宾语

I saw the boy .我看到那个男孩。(boy 作动词saw的宾语)

Give the money to your brother. 把这些钱给你兄弟。(brother 作介词to的宾语)

3.名词作表语

He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的孩子。

4.名词宾语补足语

They called him a fool. 他们叫他傻瓜。

He was called a fool.(当含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态的时候,原来的宾语变成了主语,那么原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。)

5.名词作定语

Is it a colour film? 是彩色影片吗?

6.名词作同位语

This is my friend John.

知识点4——名词修饰成分的排列顺序

下面所列的修饰语的顺序就是名词前修饰成分的常见顺序:

1.限定词包括冠词(a ,an ,the )、指示代词(this, that ,these ,those )、所有格和形容词性物主代词,他们不能同时出现。

2.数量形容词包括序数词和基数词,他们不能同时出现。

3.描述性的修饰语(beautiful , interesting , important )

4.常见的表示大小、高度或长度的形容词(big , large , huge , small , little , tiny , tall , high , deep , long , short 等)。

5.常见的表示年龄、新旧或温度的形容词(old, new , hot , cold ,freezing , burning等)

6.常见的表示形状的形容词(round, square , triangle 等)。

7.常见的表示颜色的形容词(green,yellow , brown , black , blue 等)。

8.表示国籍、出身或地点的修饰词(American , Chinese , French ,Italian ,city 等)。

9.表示物质或成分的修饰语(silver , wooden, gold ,silk , steel , glass等)

将常见的修饰语按其顺序用汉语变成顺口溜。我们已经熟悉代词和冠词通常放在前面,所以从数量词开始我们不妨记为:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。

三、【典例探究】

【例题1】:

1. She must look after those_______.

A. dog

B. sheep

C. parrot

D. animal

【解析】词汇辨析。Those+ns, 决定了要选择名词复数。-A,C,D三个选项都是可数名词的单数,而B项sheep单复同形,所以答案为B。

【例题2】:

2.— Lucy, do you like ?

—Yes. Most of my clothes are .

A. an orange;an orange

B. orange;orange

C. oranges;oranges

D. orange;an orange

【解析】词汇辨析。orange作为可数名词意思是“橘子",复数形式为oranges;作为不可数名词意为“橘子汁,橙汁,橘黄色",无复数形式;作为形容词意为“橘黄色的”根据答语可知此题考查它作为形容词和颜色名词的用法,故选择B。

四、【课堂运用】

【基础】

【练习1】

一、朗读下列单词,并按照要求把单词写在相应的横线处。

plane, lake, water, sugar, chair, butter, tea, meat, air, milk, card, cheese, match, news, rice 可数名词

不可数名词

【练习2】

名词的练习

1. 写出下列名词的复数:

tooth--_______ goose--________ table --_______ sheep--________

man driver--______ potato --________ piano--_______ mouse--_______

loaf--________ glass(玻璃杯) --_______

2. 找出下列句子中的错误并改正:

1)This is a pair of trouser.

2)He gave me some advices.

3)She went to the library with two ladies friends.

4)The police is looking for him.

【巩固】

【练习1】

可数名词复数不规则变化

1. ----What are these? --They are __________.

A. deers

B. radios

C. radioes

D. tomatos

2. How many __________ are there in these __________?

A. tomatos, photos

B. tomatoes, photos

C. tomatoes, photoes

D.potatos,photoes

3. Mr. Chen has two __________.

A. tooths

B. teeth

C. teeths

D.toothes

4. Here are __________ for you, Sue.

A. potatos

B. some potatoes

C. three tomatos

D. some tomato

5. Then the __________ began to eat the green __________ of young trees.

A. deer, leafs

B. deer, leaves

C. deer, leaf

D. deers, leafs

【练习2】

国人复数变化专项

1. I met some __________ in the park and talked with them the other day.

A. Japanese

B. American

C. Chineses

D. English

2. --- Excuse me, are you __________? --- Yes, I’m from __________.

A. Japan, Japanese

B. China, Chinese

C. England, English

D.American, America

3. A group of __________are talking with two__________ over there.

A. Frenchmen, Germans

B. Frenchmen, Germen

C. Frenchmen, German

D. Frenchmanes, Germans

4. Yesterday a few __________ came to visit some__________ in Shantou.

A. German, places of interest

B. Germans, places of interests

C. Germans, places of interest

D. Germen, places of interest。

5. Two __________ and five __________ are studying Chinese at Beijing University.

A. German, English

B. Germans, English

C. Germans, Englishmen

D. Germen, Englishmen 【拔高】

【练习1】

1.There are two__________ over there. (watch)

2. I like taking __________. (photo)

3. l can see a __________and two __________ standing there. (man, woman)

4. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor. (apple)

5. Look at those__________. (child)

6. He doesn't like these__________. (glass)

7. How many __________can you see? (radio)

8. There are more and more __________ drivers in Shanghai now. (woman)

9. Give me some __________, please. (water)

含性别的复合名词

1. There are twenty __________ in our hospital.

A. woman doctors

B. women doctor

C. women doctors

D. woman doctor

2.__________ are usually careful in doing exercises.

A. Girl students

B. Girls students

C. Girls’ students

D.Girl’s students

复合名词

1.The delicious dishes are cooked by __________.

A. women cookers

B. women cooks C .woman cooks D. woman cookers

2. Julie went to the __________ to buy a pair of shoes.

A. shoes store

B. shoe’s store

C. shoe store

D. shoes’ store

【练习2】

1. Look at the shoes. They are my __________.

A. sister

B. sisters

C. sisters’s

D. sisters'

2. This is __________ room. Come in, please.

A. John and Joan of

B. John and Joan’s

C. John’s and Joan’s

D. John’s and Joan

3. We sell __________ in our shop.

A. woman and c hild’s clothes

B. women and children T-shirts

C. women’s and children’s jackets

D. woman’s and child’s coats

4. We had a good time during our __________ holiday.

A. two weeks

B. two-week

C. two-week’s

D. two weeks’

5. __________ room is on the 5th floor.

A. Lucy and Lily

B. Lucy and Lily’s

C. Lucy’s and Lily

D. Lucy’s and Lily’s

6. I like that son of __________.

A. John’s sister

B. John sister’s

C. John’s sister’s

D. John’s sisters

7. On __________, all the children can play games all day.

A. Children’s Day

B. Childrens’ Day

C. The Children’s Day

D.children day

8. This is not my cap, but my __________.

A. brothers

B. brother’s

C. brothers’

D. brother

9. Tom's car is more beautiful than__________.

A. his brother's and sister

B. his brother and sister

C. his brothers and sisters

D. his brother's and sister's

10. I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.

A. the doctor

B. the Smiths

C. Smith

D.my uncle’s

【练习3】

1.The ____ house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.

A. little white wooden

B. little wooden white

C. white wooden little

D. wooden white little

2. The husband gave his wife ______every month in order to please her .

A. all half his income

B. his half all income

C. half his all income

D. all his half income

3. _____student are required to take part in the boat race.

A. Ten strong young Chinese

B. Ten Chinese strong young

C. Chinese ten young strong

D. Young strong ten Chinese

4. John Smith ,a successful businessman ,has a _____car.

A. large German white

B. large white German

C. white large German

D. German large white

5. This ______girl is Linda’s cousin.

A. pretty little Spanish

B. Spanish little pretty

C. Spanish pretty little

D. little pretty Spanish

五、【课后巩固】

【习题1】

一.根据可数名词的复数规则变化,完成下列表格。

wolf scarf life

二.可数名词复数不规则变化

6. child__________foot__________ tooth__________ mouse__________ man__________ 三.国人单复数变化

7. German__________ Englishman__________ Chinese_________

四.单复数同形

8. deer__________ sheep__________ yuan__________

【习题2】

1. After moving to their new house, the Lees bought some ______ in the mall nearby. (08上海)

A. furniture

B. chair

C. table

D. shelf

2. We haven’t got much __________ for our picnic. Will you go and get some? (07上海)

A. apple

B. tomato

C. bread

D. biscuit

3. He knows __________ Chinese and has __________ Chinese friends.

A. much, many

B. many, much

C. much, much

D. many, many

4. I’m thirsty. I think I’ll buy some __________.

A. water

B. bread

C. eggs

D. apples

5. ---Would you like some __________? --Oh, yes, just(只) a little.

A. pears

B. oranges

C. milk

D. grapes

6. Look ! There are some __________on the floor.

A child

B boxes

C water

D girl

7. There are many __________ in the fridge.

A. fish

B. fruit

C. eggs

D. bread

8. Don’t hurry! We still have __________ time left.

A. little

B. few

C. a little

D. a few

9. Take some __________ to school. It’s so hot and you may feel thirsty.

A. meat

B. bread

C. juice

D. orange

C. a paper, not any papers, on

D. a paper, not a paper, on

10. This is __________ room.

A. Tom and Mary’s

B. Tom’s and Mary’s

C. Tom’s and Mary

D. Tom and Mary

11. __________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu.

A. Li Lei and Lucy’s

B. Li Lei’s and Lucy’s

C. Li Lei and Lucy

D. Li Lei and Lucy

12. __________ came to visit us this morning.

A. My father friend

B. friend of my father

C. A friend of my father’s

D. One of my father’s friend

13. It’s only ten __________ break. A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minutes’s

14. Tom won the boys’ __________ race in our school sports meeting.

A. 15000-metre

B.15000-metres

C.15000-metre’s

D.1500 meters

15. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s __________.

A. Li Ming

B. Li Ming’s

C. Li Mings

D. Li Mings’

完整版小升初英语名词专项训练题

小学升初中英语专题训练题:名词练习 一、写出下列名词的单数或复数形式。 bus ___________ sheep ___________ woman ___________ dress ___________ story___________watch___________pencil-box___________appl e tree___________ Englishstamp___________ geese___________ babies___________ teeth___________ students___________stars___________ families___________ farmers___________ peaches___________ policeman___________fish___________ knife___________box___________ shelf ___________ man___________ child___________leaf ___________ foot ___________ 二、用下列名词的正确形式填空。 1.Is this __________(apple) ? No, it isn't. 2.What are these? They are ________( orange). 3.Pass me _________(pencil ). 4.Give me some _________(egg)., please. 5.Are those your _______( shoe)? Yes, they are. 6.Those shoes are _______( Tom). 7.Is the big _____________ (orange)Linda's? 8.There are two ________(knife) in the pencil-box. 9.This __________(T-shirt) is big. 10.How many _________(fish) are there in the river? 11.They have some new _________(hat). 12.A pig's ______ (ear) are big. 三、翻译下列短语 1.第三课 ______________________2 六年四班 ______________________ 3.第十二中学______________________ 4.七点半 ______________________ 5 黑色的鞋子 ______________________ 6 在家

(完整版)小升初英语名词单数变复数专项练习

小升初衔接练习一 姓名:等级: 一、请写出下列词的复数形式。(33') 1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf8、bed9、country 10、family11、toy12、foot 13、Japanese14、radio15、photo 16、army17、tomato18、fox 19、woman20、knife22、sheep 23、Chinese24.boy25.tooth 26.fish27.life28. mouse 29.fox30.people31.American 31.German32.branch33.deer 二、给下列名词分类。(17’) TablechairdeskricejuicepeoplemilkteahairapplepeachpenbeefMeatcokeluck(运气)carpet 可数名词 ___________________________________________________________________不可数名词 _________________________________________________________________ 三、选择题。

1.This is ______”U”in the word university. A. the B. a C. an D. × 2.Oh ,it’s ______”N”. A. the B. a C. an D. × 3.Oh ,it’s ______”M”. A. the B. a C. an D. × 4.A cat has four ____ , doesn't it? A. foots B. feet C. Feets 5.There are three ____ and five _____ in the room. A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese 6.The _____ has two______. A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch 7..I saw many _____ in the street. A. peoples B.people C.people’s 8.Can you see nine ____ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. Horse 9.They come from different ______ A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys 10.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato 11.They are______.

全面小升初英语语法点总结及练习

小升初英语语法总结及练习 小升初语法名词 (2) 名词练习题 (3) 能力测试卷(名词) (4) 小升初语法代词 (5) 代词练习题 (7) 能力测试卷(代词) (8) 小升初语法数词和冠词 (9) 冠词和数词专项练习 (11) 能力测试卷(冠词和数词) (12) 小升初语法动词 (13) 动词练习题 (14) 能力测试题(动词) (15) 小升初语法一般将来时 (16) 一般将来时练习题 (17) 能力测试题(一般将来时) (18) 小升初语法一般过去时 (19) 一般过去时练习题 (20) 能力测试(一般过去时) (21) 小升初语法一般现在时态 (22) 一、一般现在时的定义 (22) 二、一般现在时的结构 (22) 一般现在时态专项练习 (24) 能力测试卷(一般现在时) (25) 小升初语法现在进行时态 (26) 能力测试卷(现在进行时态) (30) 小升初语法句型之肯定句和否定句 (31) 疑问句专项练习 (34) 小升初语法句型之祈使句 (35) 小升初语法句型there be与have\has 句型 (37) 句型专项练习题 (38) 小学阶段不规则动词全表 (44) 动词四种形式变化规则汇总表 (45)

小升初语法名词 一、名词复数规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es, 如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加s,如:boy - boys ,day - days 4. 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.以o结尾的单词:a, 有生命的+es b, 无生命+s 如:potato--potatoes ;hero--heroes;mango--mangoes photo--photos ; radio -- radios ; video -- videos 6. 不规则名词复数: man-men woman-women policeman-policemen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese deer - deer sheep-sheep policewoman-policewomen 二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如: This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ . 如: the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室 the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒 3. 如果原词是复数形式,但不是以s 结尾,变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如: the children’s palace 少年宫 men’s room 男厕所 *名词所有格口诀: 名词所有格,s前面加一撇’,复数s放在尾,后加一撇就完结,两人共有算一个,后面只加一个撇。

小学英语名词 讲解及练习

第二课时语法知识词法(1) 一、名词 表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”: a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ; 读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches; 读音:[iz]。 c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, fly-flies ; 读音:[z]。 d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ;读音:[z]。e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况 1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios f. 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, 2、不可数名词没有复数。 如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。

(完整)小升初英语词汇专项测试题(实用)

小升初英语词汇专项测试 (按话题分类) Name Class 1.数字 基数词one two three four ★five six seven eight nine ten 序数词 fourth sixth 基数词eleven ★twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen 序数词 基数词sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen ★twenty 序数词 基数词twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three twenty-four twenty-five 序数词 基数词thirty thirty-one forty fifty sixty 序数词 ◇基数词与序数词的区别:基数词是“第…”的意思,前面都有单词the 2.colour(颜色) red yellow green blue purple white black orange pink brown 3.time(时间) ①year(年) 一年两年三岁大四岁 ②seasons(季节) There are seasons in a year. They’re and . ③months(月)按season划分为 Winter is , and .Spring is , and . Summer is , and .Fall is , and . ◇January is the month of a year.

④week(星期) There are days in a week. They are , , , , , and . ⑤时间短语: 周末下周上周明天昨天 今晚或今天早上今天下午 ♀in spring/summer/January/February/March on Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday ⑥时刻(at) at seven o’clock at nine o’clock at six thirty 4.Food and drinks(食品与饮料) ①western food(西方食品) cake (面包) hot dog hamburger (鸡腿) French fries coke (果汁) water tea coffee ice-cream ②eastern food(东方食品) 米饭 fish 猪肉 mutton 面条牛肉 汤 egg ③Vegetable(蔬菜) 卷心菜茄子 , green beans, tofu , 土豆 番茄黄瓜 , onion , 胡萝卜 ④Fruit(水果) 桃子 ,梨 ,orange ,西瓜 , apple , banana , 草莓 , 葡萄 , ♂关于味觉的单词 可口的或 ,健康的 ,甜的 ,酸的 , 新鲜的 ,咸的 ,饿了 ♂餐具 盘子 ,叉子 , knife , 勺子 , 筷子

小升初英语语法大全.pdf

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Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。 三、可数名词和不可数名词。 1、可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。 名词单数变复数变化如下: 1.词尾直接加S 如:cat——cats bag——bags day——days 2.以S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加es如:class——classes match——matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes 3.以辅音加y 结尾的词变y 为i, 加es. 元音加y 结尾的词直接加s, 如: party----part ies city----cities story----stories boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys 等. 4.以f 或fe 结尾的词, 变f 或fe 为v, 加es, 如: wife ---- wives half---- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“S”,要逐个记chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs. 5.以辅音加o 结尾的词常有生命的一般加es 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 无生命的一般加s. 如:radios, zoos, pianos, photos 名词的复数并不规则变化: 单复数同形:sheep -----sheep fish----fish deer ----deer people -----people 特殊变化:man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice 2、不可数名词 不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, air, water, cotton, work… 不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词

【新版】小升初英语名词专项

名词 一、定义 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。 二、分类

1.普通名词 普通名词表示一类人或事物所共有的名称,或表示物质名词和抽象概念的名称。普通名词包括个体名词,集体名词,物质名词,抽象名词。 (1)个体名词 表示个体人或事物的名词叫个体名词,有单,复数之分,可以和不定冠词a,an连用。 a bird 一只鸟 a bear 一只熊 an eraser 一块橡皮 也可以和基数词搭配表示具体的单数。 two chairs 两把椅子 five boys 五个男孩 ⑵集体名词 表示一群人或一类事物的集合体的名词叫集体名词。 family 家庭 team 队 police 警察 ⑶物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质名称叫物质名词,通常没有复数形式。这类名词通常不能和不定冠词a,an连用,也不能和基数词表示个数。 air 空气 milk 牛奶 meat 肉 注意;不可以说 a water,two waters. ⑷抽象名词 表示事物的性质,人的品质,行为,状态,情感等抽象概念的名词叫抽象名词。 Health 健康 danger 危险 love 爱 2.专有名词(Proper Nouns) 表示具体的人或物、地点、机构、团体、国家、节日等名称的词叫专有名词,专有名词一般表示的是独一无二的食物,第一个字母要大写。有些专有名词前面要带冠词the,有的专有名词前不带冠词the。 (1)不带冠词the的专有名词,第一个字母一般要大写。 ①人名、尊称和头衔。如 Karl Marx 卡尔·马克思 Premier Zhou 周总理 Uncle Tom汤姆叔叔 ②地理名称。如: Beijing 北京 Africa 非洲 Boston 波士顿 ③星期和月份。如: Saturday 星期 January 一月 ④节日。如: National Day 国庆节 New Year’s Eve 除夕 Children’s Day 儿童节Christmas 圣诞节

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小学名词讲解及练习

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小升初英语语法大全1

一、some,any的用法 some用于肯定句;any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。 例:There is some water in the glass. (肯定句) There are some flowers in the garden. (肯定句) There aren’t any lamps in the study.(否定句) Are there any maps on the wall?(一般疑问句) Would you like some orange juice? (希望得到肯定回答) Do you want to take any photos at the party? (一般疑问句) 练一练: 选用some或any填空。 1) There isn’t ______milk in the fridge. 2) I can see______cars, but I can’t see______buses. 3) He has ______ friends in England. 4) Were there ______fruit trees on the farm? 5) Here are ______presents for you. 6) Does Tom want to take ______ photos? 7) Is there______rice in the kitchen? 8) There are______new buildings in our school. 9)---Would you like______ cakes? ---No, I’d not like______cakes, but I’d like ______coffee. 10) ---Are there______pictures on the wall? ---No, there aren’t ______pictures. 二、时间和日期的表达 1、有两种时间表达法: A)直接读写数词。如:9:15 nine fifteen 10:30 ten thirty 11:45 eleven forty-five 7:05 seven o five 2:25 two twenty-five 5:55 five fifty-five B)借助past和to来表达。past一般用于30分钟以内(含30分钟)的时间表达;to一般用于超过30分钟的时间表达。一刻钟可以用a quarter表示,半小时可以用half表示。 如:9:15 a quarter past nine 10:30 half past ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7:05 five past seven 2:25 twenty-five past two 5:55 five to six 注意:询问时间可用句型“What’s the time?”或者“What time is it?”。 1 / 13

小学英语名词讲解及练习复习过程

小学英语名词讲解及 练习

小学英语名词讲解及练习 一、名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。 1.普通名词普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类: A.个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen (钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。 B.集体名词: (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等 C.物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。 D.抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work (工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。 2. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。

找出下列笑话中的可数名词 In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!” 二、可数名词和不可数名词。 1) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。 名词单数变复数变化如下: 1.词尾直接加 S 如:cat——cats bag——bags day——days 2.以 S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加 ES 如:class——classes match——matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes 3.以辅音加 Y 结尾的词变 Y 为 I, 加 ES. 元音加 Y 结尾的词直接加 S, 如: party----parties city----cities story----stories boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys 等. 4.以 F 或 FE 结尾的词, 变 F 或 FE 为 V, 加 ES, 如: wife ---- wives half---- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“S”,要逐个记 chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs. 5.以辅音加 O 结尾的词常加 ES, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 O 结尾直接加 S. 如:radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况: photos 6.名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice 2) 不可数名词

小升初英语名词专项试题

xx英语名词专项 I.写出下列名词的复数形式 1. book__________15.half__________29.mouse_________ 2. dress__________16.leaf__________30.foot__________ 3. box___________17.roof__________31.man__________ 4. watch_________18.safe__________32.woman________ 5. dish___________19.egro__________33.tooth_________ 6. baby__________20.hero__________34.ox___________ 7. boy___________21.potato_________35.child__________ 8. wife__________22.tomato________36.sheep_________ 9. knife__________23.studio_________37.deer__________ 10.wolf__________24.piano_________38.cattle_________ 11. thief_________25.radio_________39.fish__________ 12.shelf__________26.zoo___________40.Chinese_______ 13.self__________27.photo_________41.Japaness_______ 14.life___________28.goose_________42.Swiss_________ II.用名词的正确形式填空 1. There are seven________(sheep). 2. My uncle has two________ (child). 3. Can you give me two bottles of________ (water)? 4. I brush my________ (tooth)three times a day.

小升初英语语法知识总结大全

小升初英语语法知识总结大全 一、名词 (一)可数名词:表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式,其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。 可数名词复数规则: 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. ss. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, glass-glasses 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries, city-cities, body-bodies 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives, leaf——leaves, wife-wives, half-halves 5.不规则名词复数:①child →children,mouse →mice ②man →men, woman →women, policeman →policemen ③tomato →tomatoes, potato →potatoes [注]:初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的加-s 如:photo →photos ] ④foot →feet,tooth →teeth [注:oo变成ee。] ⑤fish , sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[注:变复数时词形不变。]

⑥people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。 习题:写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______ man______ woman_______ (二)不可数名词:表示不能个别存在的事物,如液体类,气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质(grass草,ice冰),抽象的名词(help帮助,music音乐)。不可数名词没有复数(如some water),不能与不定冠词连用。 (三)名词所有格: 1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。 (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Children’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书) (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’Day(教师节)

(完整版)小学英语名词讲解与练习

名词 名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词,其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式;而不可数名词没有复数形式。 可数名词: 规则变化: 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes,glass-glasses,dress-dresses 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families(家庭),butterfly-butterflies(蝴蝶),lady-ladies,strawberry-strawberries(草莓) ★注意:“元音字母+y”结尾的,直接加-s,如:day-days,boy-boys 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves(落叶),wolf-wolves (狼),shelf-shelves(架子),half-halves(一半),thief-thieves(小偷) 注意:特殊情况直接加s:gulf-gulfs(海湾),roof-roofs(屋顶),belief-beliefs(信仰),proof-proofs(证据)[此处知道即可,暂时不用记] 不规则变化: 1.man-men,woman-women,policeman(男警察)-policemen,policewoman(女警察)-policewomen,mouse-mice,child(孩子)-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth(牙齿),ox-oxen(公牛) 2.fish-fish(鱼), sheep(羊)-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,people-people(人,人们) 注意: fish:①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish. ②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es.如:all kinds of fishes .各种各样 的鱼 ③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。 people:当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如:There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。 实记:tomato-tomatoes(西红柿),potato-potatoes(土豆),hero-heroes(英雄)negro-negroes (黑人),volcano-volcanoes(火山) zoo-zoos,photo-photos 不可数名词 water(水) 、milk(牛奶)、tea(茶) 、rice(米饭)、juice(果汁)、bread(面包),soup (汤),hair,meat,news(消息),work(工作),paper(纸),weather(天气),luck (运气),grass(草) ★中日不变,英法变,其余s加后面German-Germans(德国人) 1.be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词用are. 2.可数名词可以和冠词a/an连用,不可数名词前不可以用冠词a/an. ①a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的"一个",相当于汉语的"一",但不强调数目观念。 ②a用在辅音(音素)之前,an用在元音(音素)之前。如:a notebook一个笔记本,a book 一本书,an old man一位老人,an English class一堂英语课。

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