口译基本常识Fundamentals of Interpreting
1. 口译的定义Definition of Interpreting
基本解释：口头翻译（区别于‘笔译’）。
译（譯）yì
把一种语言文字依照原义改变成另一种语言文字。
例词：译本。译文。译注。译著。译制。译音。口译。笔译。意译。直译。翻译。【动】
形声。从言,睪(yì)声。
1. 本义:翻译,把一种语言文字翻译成另一种语言文字。〖translate〗
译,传译四夷之言者。——《说文》
译,传也。——《方言十三》
北方曰译。——《礼记·王制》
重舌之人九译。——张衡《东京赋》
译者称西人。——清·薛福成《观巴黎油画记》
译欧西人之言。——清·梁启超《谭嗣同传》
又如:汉语被译成日语;译品(翻译的作品);译义(意译);译写(翻译写作);译经(翻译经典) 2. 解释;阐述〖explain〗
夫圣人为天口,贤者为圣译。——《潜夫论》
3. 通“择”。选择〖choose;select〗
周道衰微,失爵亡邦,后嗣乖散,各相土译居。——《隶释·汉孟郁修尧庙碑》
又如:译居(择居)
【名】
1. 翻译人员〖interpreter〗
于是乃召越译,乃楚说之。——刘向《说苑》
又如:译费(支付给翻译人员的钱);译界(翻译界);译员(翻译工作者)
2. 异域〖foreignlands〗
沧波伏忠信,译语辨讴谣。——唐·顾况《送从兄使新罗》
又如:译语(异域的语言)
in·ter·pret [in?t?:prit]
v. in·ter·pret·ed, in·ter·pret·ing, in·ter·prets
v.tr.
1. To explain the meaning of: interpreted the ambassador's remarks. 解释; 说明
2. To conceive the significance of; construe: interpreted his smile to be an agreement; interpreted the open door as an invitation. 把…理解为；领会
3. To present or conceptualize the meaning of by means of art or criticism. 演绎（按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色）
4. To translate orally. 口译
v.intr.
1. To offer an explanation. 解释; 说明
2. To serve as an interpreter for speakers of different languages. 口译
[Middle English interpreten, from Old French interpreter, from Latin interpretr, from interpres, interpret-, negotiator, explainer; see per-5 in Indo-European roots.]
in·terpret·a·bili·ty, in·terpret·a·ble·ness n.
in·terpret·a·ble adj.
n. in?terpre?tation
n. in?terpreter: a person who translates the words of a speaker into the language o f his hearers.
in·ter·pret·er [?n?t?:pr?t?]
n.
1. One who translates orally from one language into another. 口译工作者;口译译员；传译员synonym: translator, linguist, metaphrast, paraphrast.
eg. Speaking through an interpreter, he said he was disappointed.
2. One who gives or expounds an interpretation. 演绎(音乐、戏剧中人物等)的人
synonym: performer, player, presenter, exponent.
eg. Freni is one of the supreme interpreters of Puccini's heroines.
An actor is an interpreter of other men's words, often a soul which wishes to reveal itself to the world. (Alec Guinness).
3. (Computer Science) A program that translates an instruction into a machine language and executes it before proceeding to the next instruction. [计]解释程序，解释程式
口译：翻译的一种形式，指将一种语言所表述的内容用另一种语言即时准确地用口头表达出
来。
Interpret: 来自拉丁语，表示to explain。
广义：泛指对晦涩难解之语的理解诠释或是不同语言之间的传译。
狭义：指通过口头方式在不同语言之间实现意义转换和重新表达的跨语言跨文化的交际行为。
2. 口译的历史History of Interpreting
口译的历史与人类自身的历史一样源远流长。口译活动的出现远早于书面文字的产生。口译是最早出现的翻译类型，早于笔译。
西方古代早在公元前3000年前的古埃及法老（Pharaoh）统治时代就有了口译的记载。
中国在夏商时期就有了需要口译人员的活动。古代称口译者为“舌人”。
时间表：
口译的职业化始于20世纪初。之前通用法语。
1919年：“巴黎和会”被认为是口译职业化的开端，会议使用法语和英语两种语言，有了交传译员。
1926年：IBM发明了同传设备，被认为是口译史上最重要的发明。
1945年：纽伦堡军事法庭审判，使用了英法德俄四种语言，会上大规模使用同声传译。1947年：联合国采纳同传。
1971年：中国重返联合国，中国的口译活动增加。
改革开放之后：口译活动得到快速发展，多以交传为主。
20世纪90年代后期开始：中国的大型国际会议增多，同传活动也随之增多。
3. 口译的分类Classification of Interpreting
1）根据时间工作模式，可分为交替传译和同声传译
交替传译：consecutive interpreting 简称CI
也称连续口译/传译、即席口译/传译、逐步口译（台湾用语）
简称“交传”或“连传”
讲话人说一段，译员翻译一段，然后循环往复、交替进行
3分钟以上即可称为长交传
交替传译常用于新闻发布会、外事会见、商务谈判、户外活动等
同声传译：simultaneous interpreting 简称SI
又称同步口译、即时传译（港台用语）
简称“同传”
讲话人的“说”与译员的“译”几乎同时进行。
同声传译可分为常规会议同传和耳语同传两种：
常规会议同传：regular conference SI
2-3人一组，在同传间/同传箱（booth）使用同传设备
一般译员每20分钟轮换一次
包括有稿同传和无稿同传两种形式
耳语同传：whispered interpreting or chuchotage
只有1-3人需要口译服务，无需同传设备
2）根据空间工作模式，可分为现场口译和远程口译
现场口译：live interpreting 当事双方和译员同时在场
远程口译：remote interpreting 当事双方和译员不在一地：电话口译、远程视频口译等。3）根据活动场合和主题，可分为：
会议口译conference interpreting
陪同口译escort interpreting
外交口译diplomatic interpreting
商务口译business interpreting
媒体口译media interpreting
社区口译community interpreting
导游口译guide interpreting
医学口译medical interpreting国外有资格认证
法庭/法律口译court/legal/judicial interpreting 国外有资格认证
法庭译员被称为宣誓译员sworn interpreter
等等
4）根据活动的性质和正式程度，可分为会议口译和联络口译
会议口译：conference interpreting
联络口译：liaison interpreting
5）根据译语的流向，可分为单向口译和双向口译
单向口译：one-way interpreting 译员只将A语译成B语
双向口译：two-way interpreting 译员要将A语言和B语进行交替互译
6）根据源语到译语的直接性程度，可分为直接口译和接续口译
直接口译：direct interpreting 直接将一种语言译成另一种语言
接续口译：relay interpreting 也叫接力口译，简称“接传”
译员甲将讲话人的A语译成B语，再由译员乙将B语译成C语给听者
7）其他口译形式：
视译：sight interpreting
交传：译员将现场文字用目的语口译给听者，常见于导游讲解
同传：译员眼看讲话人发言稿或幻灯片，耳听发言人讲话，进行口译，常见于会议有稿同传
手语口译：sign language interpreting 在手语和口语间交替或同步翻译，主要为聋哑人服务4. 口译的特点Characteristics of Interpreting
1）口译与笔译的异同：
相同点：都需要将一种语言经过理解和重组用另一种语言表达出来；
翻译者都必须精通两种语言、文化和转换技巧。
不同点：
2）口译的基本特点：
A. 口译工作有时效性和即席性
B. 口译工作有不可预测性和独立性
C. 处理信息内容具有多元性和广泛性
D. 使用语言口语化
词汇：常用词、小词
语音：单音节、少音节、略音、连读、韵律（prosodicness）
句法：简单句、并列句、简洁的主从复合句
语义：冗余（redundancy）、模糊（fuzziness）
E. 译员技能的综合性：听、视、记、写、读、说、分析、决策、应变
5. 口译的标准Criteria of Interpreting
翻译的标准：
中国：严复——信达雅鲁迅——兼顾两面：力求易解，保存原作丰姿傅雷——神似钱钟书——化境
国外：等值标准等效标准
口译的标准：准顺快
准：反映讲话的内涵意义、语用意义、感情色彩
注意选词用句的可接受性
传递信息量与讲话人信息量等值（完整）
语体风格相近
顺：通顺流畅，避免口头语、停顿过长
快：反应快、笔记快、翻译及时
不包括讲话语速快
6. 口译的方法Reconstruction Principles
直译literal translation
顺译/顺句驱动syntactic linearity
意译free or liberal translation / paraphrasing
简译simplification
音译transliteration
硬译/死译word-for-word translation
零翻译zero translation
不译non-translation
7. 口译人员的素质Qualifications of Interpreters
（3个基本功+ 2个基本素养）
1）扎实的双语知识Solid foundation in bilingual knowledge
2）广博的非语言知识Extensive extralinguistic knowledge
百科知识encyclopedic knowledge：
常识性知识common sense / general knowledge
文化知识cultural knowledge
主题知识subject / domain knowledge
语境/情景知识contextual / situational knowledge
译员要成为：specialist + generalist
An interpreter should know something about everything and everything about something.
译员要具备：快速学习新知识的能力
3）娴熟的口译技能Unerring interpreting skills / techniques
听词取意listening for sense “得意忘形”
记忆memorization
笔记note-taking
注意力分配attention splitting “一心多用”
公众演讲public speaking
语言转换language transference：增译、省译、调整…
数字转换interpreting figures
综述summarization
应急处理coping tactics
跨文化交际cross-cultural communication
译前准备advance preparation
4）过硬的身体和心理素质Sound physical and psychological quality 5) 良好的职业道德Fine ethics-based professional conduct
2021年英语翻译口译笔译考试初级口译模拟试 题（3） Part A: Translate the following passages from English into Chinese(two passages, each 25 points) Passage 1 : Can man be credited with choosing the right path when he knows only one?Can he be congratulated for his wise decision when only one judgment is possible? If he knows nothing of vice, is he to be praised for adhering to virtue? Wisdom consists of the deliberate exercise of judgment; knowledge comes in the discrimination between those known alternatives. Weighing these alternatives is the way of maturity. Only then does man have the strength to follow his choice without wavering, since that choice is based firmly on knowledge rather than on an uncertain, dangerously shallow foundation of ignorance. Passage 2 :
翻译三级口译实务-9 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：20.00) 1.Mike: Let's go get something to eat．I am starving． 李：我也有点饿。正好，前面有家麦当劳。 Mike: There is always a McDonald's up ahead．Everywhere you turn there is another blasted McDonald's．They arejust too convenient．I amjust plain sick ofseeing the“Golden Arches”everywhere I turn．Do you know that there are over 8,000 McDonald's res- taurants in the U.S.alone and over 11,000 franchises worldwide?By the year 2020，everyone will eat at McDonald's every day． 李：反正我爱吃汉堡包。现在全世界好像没有几个地方没有麦当劳，卖出的汉堡包都超过1000亿个了。光中国这几年就建了几百家，小孩都到那儿过生日。当然，也不是每种产品都好吃，可起码都很标准，不管什么时候去吃，汉堡包都是一个样儿。 Mike: Whatever you say．I just don't think their food is all that great．By the way，do you know that theirs pokesman，Ronald McDonald,is now recognized by 96% of all American children?They are the largest minimum—wage employers in America and own more real estate than any other company on earth．What is more，they say that one of every seven American millionaires got their start at McDonald's． 李：别说了，我都要饿死了。 Mike: But I just lost my appetite． （分数：20.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：([参考译文] 麦克：赶紧找点东西吃，我饿坏了。 Li: I am also quite hungry．Hey．There is a McDonald's up ahead．麦克：只要你向前走，总能碰上麦当劳；不管你朝哪看，总能看见一家该死的麦当劳。它们简直也太方便了。无处不在的“金色双拱形”真叫人恶心。你知不知道光美国就有8,000多家麦当劳餐馆，全世界的连锁店超过了11,000家。到2020年，每个人每天都要光顾麦当劳。Li: I like the burgers anyway．Few places in the world are McDonald's free．They have sold more than 100 billion burgers worldwide．In China alone，several hundred McDonald's。restaurants have been set up in recent years，and many children prefer to have their‘birthday-parties there．Of course，not all their food is good，but at least they are consistent．One burger is completely like the other no matter when you go．麦克：随你怎么说，我反正认为那里的饭菜不怎么样。还有，你知不知道美国96%的孩子都认识麦当劳的标志——麦克唐纳大叔?麦当劳是美国最大的最低工资雇主，却拥有比地球上任何公司都多的房地产。更有甚者，据说美国每七个百万富翁中就有一个是从麦当劳起家的。Li: Give：me a break．will you?I am starving．麦克：可我已经没有胃口了。) 解析：[解析] 关于交替传译的技巧，前面已经谈过。本文主要是关于麦当劳快餐的对话。其中考查译者某些专门用语、专有名词等的掌握情况，以考查译者的基本素质；在此基础上，译者还要在相当短的时间内理解长难句并准确完整地翻译；理解某些短语和单词的确切含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，以及理解和翻译一些口语化表达，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合目标语的语言习惯。■基本素质采分点下列单词或短语是基础知识点，包括专有名词、惯用表达等，是译者正确理解并翻译的关键。1．McDonald's 麦当劳 2．franchises 连锁店 3．汉堡包 hamburger 4．minimum-wage 最低工资 5．real estate 房地产■结构理解采分点下面是本文出现的长难句，要求译者在很短时间内，判断其结构、大意并组织翻译语言，且保证信息的完整和准确。 1．Everywhere you turn there is another blasted McDonald's．原句是一个口语化句子，句子结构较简单，翻译时采用顺译法，并对部分结构进行转化，使译文符合中文表达习惯，blasted是口语中常用词，可译为“该死的、讨厌的”。参考译文为：不管你朝哪看，总能看见一家该死的麦当劳。2．Do you know that there are over 8,000 McDonald's restaurants in the U.S.alone and over 11,000 franchises worldwide? 原句为疑问句，实际表述的是事实。句子主
第二单元接待口译Interpreting for Reception Service 2-1 机场迎宾Greeting at the Airport 人力资源部经理：manager of Human Resources. Top-notch: 顶尖的 能够成行：make it 不辞辛苦：in spite of the tiring trip 百忙中抽空：take time from busy schedule run into a storm:下暴雨 Be held up: 耽搁clear up:天气转好 Attending service：服务倒时差：get over the jet-lag 行李齐了：get all the luggage 下榻宾馆：take sb.to the hotel 设宴洗尘：host a reception in one’s honor 总裁：chairman 杂技表演：acrobatic show 2-2 宾馆入住Hotel Accommodation Check-in: 登记住宿预定房间：have a reservation with 确认函：confirmation letter travel agency：旅行社 Itinerary：行程表accommodation：住宿 双人间：double room 豪华套房：a deluxe suite 8折优惠价：have a good rate with 20% off morning cal：:叫醒 Photo-copy：复印express mail：快递邮件 总台：Front desk 餐饮部：Catering Service 洗熨部：Laundry Service 楼层服务台：Floor Service Desk Fitness exercise：健身教练：coach 2-3 宴会招待Banquet Service 敬业（的专家）：dedicated（experts）contribute one’s share：尽了…责任Maneuver ：机动，演习，策略，调遣大自然所赐予的：Mother Nature grant us Cuisine：菜系色，香，味，形：color，aroma,taste,appearance 食物的质地：raw materials with quality texture 调料：seasonings 原汁原味：original flavor appetizing：引起食欲的 特色点心：special snack 酸甜适口：a sweet and sour sauce 皮薄汁醇：with thin and translucent wrappers and rish tasty soup. 皮脆肉嫩：(with a ) crispy skin and tender meat figure out：想出 好戏还在后头：have more surprises to expect 祝酒：drink to (the health) of sb. 干杯：cheers 2-4 参观访问Getting Around 高科技园区：High-Tech Park 业务经理：operation manager 鸟瞰：take a bird’s eye view of 言归正传：come back to story 走马观花：cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horsehack 显目审批权：be authorized to approve projects (with) 优惠政策：preferential policies 与国际管理体制接轨：operate under the management system of international standards 跨国公司：multinationals 骨干企业：enterprises of pillar industries 生物技术：biotechnology 高技术产业链：high-tech industry chains 一条龙服务：a stream –lined one-stop service 生态型开发：ecological conservation 可持续发展：sustainable development 绿草成茵：boasts stretches of green grass 流水潺潺：streams murmuring 鸟儿啁啾：birds chirping 四季花香：fragrant flowers blossoming all year round 安保服务：security service
口译词汇及所涉及专业知识汇总Floating Dock (a metal Floating Dock ) 浮动港口Maritime Training Academy 海军训练基地 Air Force Training Academy 空军训练基地 Ocean Patrol Vessels( OPV) 海洋巡逻舰 Sea Patrol Vessels 近海巡逻船 Air Craft Carrier 航空母舰 发标to issue bidding documents 采购计划purchasing planning 渔政船fishery administration vessel 军舰Naval vessels 德班Durban 开普敦Cape Town 理查湾港Richard Bay 股权equity/share
煤矿集散地Coal distribution center 军港military harbor 商业港commercial port 武官defense attaché 商务参赞commercial counsellor 大使馆embassy 领事馆consulate 军火arms and ammunition 防务defense 中国人民解放军总装备部Chinese PLA General Armament Department 国际海军防务展IMDEX (International Maritime Defence Exhibition & Conference) 导弹护卫舰missile frigate 海军总司令commander-in-chief of the navy 总统专机president jet
数字口译基础练习 Part A . 3,899 3,908 7009 780,120 504,781 五千 九亿三千六百七十七万七千 Part C. 1. The population of this city in 2004 was 78,872,890. 2. The natural reserve takes up an area of 123,880,000 square kilometers. 3. The coastal line of this country is 7,723,605 meters. 4. The n umber of college graduated will climb 30,009 90,591 79,301 67,900 Part 六万 四百六十七万 九 百六^一万 七百五 十万 十^一亿七千 五百万 五十七万 五千九百三十三万 三千五百三十八万
to a record high of 328 million this summer, an increase of 540,000, or 34%, over the year 2000. 5.Austrilia, with its landmass of 7,686,850 square kilometers, or 2,967,893 square miles, has a population of 18,742,000. Part D ．以下是世界上五个主要英语国家的人口与国土面积的情况，请听译成汉语。 The United States has a population of 301,257,800, with a total area of 9,372,610 square kilometers, or 3,618,765 square miles. Canada ,a country with a population of only 31,519,500, has a total area slightly larger than that of the United States, that is , an area of 9,946,140 square kilometers, or 3,851,788 square miles. The United Kingdom, whose population amounts to 60,315,600, has a total land area of 244,820 square kilometers, or 94,525 square miles. Austrilia, with its land-mass of 7,686,850 square kilometers, or 2,967,893 square miles, has
《口译》教学大纲 英文名称：Interpretation 一、课程目标 1. 课程性质：《口译》为英语专业学科基础课程的后续课程，为英语专业本科四年级必修课程。口译活动是集听、说、读、写、记为一体的复杂言语交际活动，因而必须以精读、泛读、听力、口语等课程为基础，在掌握这些课程所传授的技巧的基础上才能顺畅完成教学任务，是培养英语专业学生的综合语言能力的课程。此外，口译课涉及内容大多与现实生活的方方面面相关，因此除了注重词汇、句式积累，该课程注重学生的知识面拓展，努力提高学生的语言综合及运用能力，该课程将为社会培养基础实用人才。 2.教学方法：课堂教学为主，课后练习为辅 3.课程学习目标和基本要求 《口译》课旨在通过讲授口译基本及其和逻辑推理能力训练，并结合口译实践，拓宽学生知识面，培养学生跨文化交际能力、口译相关及其的这运用能力、认知、推理能力及相应的心理素质。 课堂教学应以学生为主体，教师为主导，改变以教师为中心的教学模式。注重培养学生的学习能力，学习兴趣和语言应用能力。在教学中开展以任务为中心，形式多样的教学活动。教师更多采用采用启发式，讨论式，发现式和研究式等教学方法，充分调动学生的学习积极性和主动性。在精心组织课堂教学的同时，结合口译技巧教学部分开展丰富多彩的课内外实践活动，如英语讲演，辩论，田野采集等方式，并积极探索利用现代化的语言教学手段丰富课堂教学内容。 4.课程学时：36学时 5.课程学分：3学分 6.课程类型：学科专业课 7.考核方式：考试 8.适用专业与年级：英语专业本科四年级 二、课程结构 Chapter One A brief introduction to Interpretation（学时数: 2） 知识点：1) the history of interpretation 2) the criteria of interpretation 3）the process of interpretation 4）the patterns of interpretation 重点：the history of interpretation; the criteria of interpretation; the process of interpretation; the patterns of interpretation, etc 难点：interpretation skills, the cultural elements in interpretation Chapter Two Ceremonial interpretation and public speeches skills（学时数: 4）
口译必备词汇 Unit 1 外事接待 第一篇 制药有限公司pharmaceutical Co. Ltd 副总经理deputy managing director 研究生graduate student 论文paper 研究成果research findings 实验助手lab assistant 市中心downtown area 假日酒店Holiday Inn 旅馆招待费hotel accommodation fee 招待所guesthouse 舒适如归make sb. comfortable 不尽如人意之处inconvenience in life and work 排忧解难help sb out 第二篇 Stanford University 斯坦福大学 a land of wonder充满奇观的国家 head office 总部 magical power 神奇的魅力 Oriental 东方的 Confucianism 儒家思想 Taoism 道家学说 inexplicable 难以言表的 set foot on 踏上……的土地 cosmopolitan city 国际大都市 maximize 充分利用 in no time 不久 rewarding 有成效的 Unit 2 礼仪祝词 第一篇： 阁下your Excellency... 建交the establishment of diplomatic relations 近海石油勘探offshore oil exploration 积贫积弱,任人宰割enduring impoverishment, long-standing debility and was for a time at the mercy of other countries 落后要挨打lagging behind leaves one vulnerable to attacks 刻骨铭心的教训never-forgotten lesson
Unit 1 ?李颖：We are going to ascend the great wall tomorrow morning. So I’d like to go to bed early and have a good sleep this evening. You know climbing the great wall is not an easy job. ?明天早上我们计划去爬长城，所以我想今晚早点休息，好好睡一觉。你知道爬长城可不是一件简单的事情。 ?Jack: Great. The Great Wall is very famous and becomes a must for tourist in Beijing. Would you tell me something about it? ?好啊。长城那么有名，是游客来北京必去的景点。你能和我说一说长城么？ ?李颖：OK. The construction of the great wall took altogether over 2000years.it started in the Zhou dynasty in the 7th century. B.C. And continued until Ming Dynasty in the 15th century A.D. The existing wall was built in the Ming Dynasty. ?好。长城的整个建筑过程持续了总共两千多年，始于公元七世纪的周朝，后来一直延续到公元后十五世纪的明朝。现存的城墙都是明朝修建的。 ?Jack: The Great Wall is indeed the crystallization of the industry and wisdom of the Chinese people and also a symbol of ancient Chinese culture. Then why the ancient people built the wall? ?长城的确是中国人民勤劳智慧的结晶，同时也是中国古代文化的象征.那么为什么古代人民要修建长城呢？ ?李颖：It was constructed to guard against the invasion by nomadic tribes from the north. When enemy troops approached, guards on watch would send smoke signals from the beacon-fire towers as an alarm. ?修建长城是为了抵御来自北方游牧民族的入侵。敌军逼近时，放哨的警卫就会在烽火台上发送烟雾信号作为警报。 ?Jack: How did they manage to do so? Can you be more specific? ?他们怎么发送烟雾信号作为警报呢？你能说的具体点么？ ?李颖：Those towers on the wall are spaced at equal distances from each other. When guards in a tower saw the signals from its neighbor, they immediately did the same thing .In this way; the signals would be relayed to the capital. ?长城上的烽火台是均匀分布的。如果烽火台上的警卫看到相邻烽火台上发出的信号，他们就会立刻跟着发出信号。这样一个接一个信号就传到了都城。 ?Jack: what the smart idea the ancient people had! I was told that in china. People usually call the Great Wall “Ten Thousand Li Long Wall”. Does it really mean that long? ?古代人民的想法真是巧妙啊！我听说在中国人们通常把长城称作“万里长城”。真的有那么长么？ ?李颖：Yes, exactly. It runs all the way across the eastern half of china with a length of about 6 000 kilometers. 是的，正是这样。长城绵延约6 000公里，穿越了中国的东半部。 ?Jack: 6 000 kilometers! It is unbelievable. 6 000公里！难以置信。 ?李颖：The Great Wall is said to be the only building on the earth that can be seen from the outer space. 据说万里长城是从外太空可以看到的地球上唯一的建筑。
英语口译常用词语应试手册词汇
英语口译常用词语应试手册词汇 第一单元：会议致辞（1） 21世纪海上丝绸之路 the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road 把握机遇，精诚合作 seize opportunities and cooperate in good faith 包容、乐观、向上 inclusive, optimistic and courageous 包容并蓄的美德 a virtue that enables people to accommodate each other 毕业典礼 graduation ceremony/commencement 表示诚挚的感谢 extend heartfelt thanks 表示真诚的欢迎 extend sincere welcome 表示祝贺 express warm congratulations 不断将友好合作提高到新的水平 bring friendly cooperation to a new high 畅所欲言 be fully engaged in forum discussions
诚挚的问候 sincere greetings 吃苦耐劳 long suffering and hard working 充满生机活力 full of vitality 崇高使命 a lofty mission 传达祝愿 convey the best wishes to 传统美德，世代相传 traditional virtues taught from generation to generation maritime /?m?r??ta?m/ 海事的 Maritime is used to describe things relating to the sea and to ships. 海事的 [ADJ n] ...the largest maritime museum of its kind. …同类型海洋博物馆中最大的。 commencement /k??m?nsm?nt/ 毕业典礼 Commencement is a ceremony at a university, college, or high school at which students formally receive their degrees or diplomas. [美国英语]
1.我非常感谢... Thank you very much for... 2.热情友好的欢迎辞 gracious speech of welcome 3...之一 be one of 4.访问...是... A visit to...has... 5.多年梦寐以求的愿望 has long been my dream 6...给予我一次...的机会... (The visit will) give me(an excellent ) opportunity to ... 7.我为...，再次表达（我的愉快之情和荣幸之感）。 I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to... 8.（我对您为我到达贵国后所做的一切安排）深表感谢。 note:注意这里“到达”的动词向名词形式的转变。 I'm deeply grateful for everything you've done for me since my arrival in China. 9.（我很高兴）有此机会（来贵公司工作），与中国汽车业的杰出人士合作共事。note：（1）这里的“合作共事”可以不译，由前面的“工作”统领，用with连接就可以了。（2）“杰出人士”的翻译 I'm very glad to have the opportunity to work in your company with a group of brilliant people in China's automobile industries. 10....多年来一直盼望... note：主要是对“盼望”一词的快速反应。have been looking forward to ...for many years 11.我很感激... note：出现“感激”，首先反应就是appreciate 及其同族词。 I appreciate... 12.你若不在意的话，... If you don't mind,... 13.去...走走 tour around... 14.浦江商务旅游公司note：注意其中的旅游的选词 Pu Jiang Business Travel Company 15.国家旅游局 note：局不一定要用bureau the Chinese National Tourist Administration 16.经...批准的... ...approved by... 17.在华... ...in China 18.以...为主要服务对象 provide services mainly to... 19.公司的宗旨是... We operate under the principal of ... 20.促进，改善，发展 promote,improve,promote 21...及其周边地区 ...and its surrounding areas 22.提供全方位的服务 note：注意这里的“全方位”的翻译 offer an all-round service to... 23.竭诚 do one's best 24.坦诚相待 ...in an honest partnership 25.商务 business activities 26.我们很高兴... It gives us great pleasure to... 27.再次接待... note:学习这种比较特殊的说法 to play host to ... once again 29.学校的全体师生员工 the faculty,students and staff of the university 30.向...表示热烈欢迎 ...wish to extend one's warm welcome to ... 31.格林博士和夫人 Dr.and Mrs. Green 32.我相信... I am convinced that... 33.这次对...的访问 note:注意“这次”的翻译 current visit to... 34....必将为... ...will surely...
历年英语翻译初级口译考试真题及答案 上午卷： 英译中： (1) New Zealand is a South Pacific country located midway between the Equator and the South Pole, with a land of 268,105 square kilometers and a population of over three million. （第63页－黄） 新西兰是一个南太平洋国家，位于赤道和南极洲之间，国土面积为268105平方公里，人口为300多万。 简析：纵观口译考题，出题者十分聪明地将有关课文的每篇的首句作为考题来出，真是用心良苦。试想每篇文章的首句或每段文章的第一句话不是有提纲挈领的作用吗？理解了首句往往就能了解文章的大概。这和阅读理解的要求有着很大的相通性。所以加强平日对英语句子的敏感性十分有必要。 2) When the washing cycle is over, the machine fries the plates and glasses with its own heart, and indeed they can be left inside until they are needed for the next meal. (P.367) 洗涤过程完成后，洗碗机用自身的热量将盘子和杯子烘干。杯盘还可以留在机内待下一餐使用时再取出。 中译英： (1）为了过好学校里的公寓生活，学生应该学会自己洗衣服，整理房间，甚至于买菜做饭。（第355页） To manage apartment living in school successfully, the students must learn to do their own washing and cleaning, and even buy and cool their own food. (2）据估计，全球毒品的贸易额以达到每年4000亿美元之巨。吸毒者约占全世界人口的3％。(p36蓝)
Interculture Awareness Plays an Important Role in Translation Interculture awareness, a basic talent of an interpreter, is very important. It directly influences the translation’s quality and it can be a measure of a wonderful interpreter. An interpreter with a sensitive interculture awareness can interpret more correctly and be understood more easily. At the press conference held on the March 14, 2010, the Prime Minister Wen quoted the classic Chinese poetries which are in short form but in deep meaning more than ten times in answer to foreign journalists’questions. It was rather hard to interpret those poetries, but Wen’s interpreter, Zhang Lu, translated them into English calmly, quickly and fluently, which reflected her wonderful interculture awareness. Zhang’s translation will be discussed as follows: Case: the Premier Wen said in a opening remark: “今后几年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充满荆棘。但是我们应该记住这样一条古训:行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈麻痹和动摇。”And then he expressed that he wanted to do his best in the next three years with words quoted from《离骚》:“亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。” Translation by Zhang: The road ahead is not a smooth one, it maybe full of twists and turns. But we should always re-member this important thing: that is half of the people who have embarked on the one hundred miles journey may fall by the way side，this means we must not slacken our efforts in the slightest, and we must not waive r in our resolve … For the ideal I hold dear to my heart，I would not regret a thousand times to die. With this strong commitment, I will continue to devote my-self to my work in the next three years. “亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔”,quoted by the Premier from 《离骚》, is familiar to most Chinese. The “九死”was translated into “a thousand times to die”is very idiomatic because Chinese always use the “三”or “九”to express “a lot of times”and Zhang translated it into a form that is familiar to foreigners. The translation of “行百里者半九十”, by contrast, is not so exact. The phrase quoted from 《战国策·秦策五》means that if one has finished 90 km in 100km-road, it is considered as that one has finished half of the road because the last 10 km is more harder than the former 90km, that is to say, one should work harder or one will fail. That phrase is often used to urge people to start well and end well. The Chinese interpreter can not translate the Chinese poetry into English very exactly in a hurry but if the interculture awareness is made most of in the translation, the interpreter will perform better. For example, the phrase can be translated into “Ninety miles is only half of a hundred miles journey”. In conclusion, interculture awareness plays an important role in translation. It can help the translator to understand the speaker better and interpret more exactly. Therefore, the interpreters should cultivate sensitive intervculture awareness to improve translation quality.
专有名词口译词汇(来自联合国译员) Working Group on Timber Certification;木材认证工作组;; Expert Meeting on the Harmonization of Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management;统一可持续森林管理的标准和指标专家会议;; Forestry Sector Technical Coordination Unit;林业部门技术协调股;; African Forestry and Wildlife Commission;非洲林业和野生生物委员会(非洲林生委);AFWC;非洲林生委 Near East Forestry Commission;近东林业委员会(近东林委会);NEFC;近东林委会 Intergovernmental Seminar on Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management;可持续森林管理的标准和指标政府间讨论会(管理标准讨论会);ISCI;管理标准讨论会 European Process;欧洲进程;; Dry-Zone Sub-Saharan Africa initiative;撒哈拉以南非洲干旱地区倡议;; missing markets;失踪市场;; critical natural capital;关键自然资本;; Inter-Agency Task Force on Forests;机构间森林工作队;ITFF; Global Forest Policy Project;全球森林政策项目;GFPP; ecofloristic zones;生态植物区;EFZ; low forest cover;低森林覆盖率;LFC; non-wood forest products;非木材林业产品;NWFPs; endemic bird area;特有鸟类区;EBA; permanent forest estate;永久森林区;PFE; International Technical Conference on the Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture;养护粮农植物遗传资源国际技术会议;; subregional parliament in Central Africa;中部非洲次区域议会;;