训练2 说明文(Ⅱ)
A
(2016·济南模拟)
“Helicopter parenting” describes a style of raising children where parents are over－protective and do too much.It describes parents who watch over their kids at home and on the playground like a helicopter.Today，modern technology allows these helicopter parents to watch over from even far away. 1
Julie Lythcott wrote a book titled Break Free of the Overparenting Trap and Prepare Your Kids for Success. In her book，she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style. 2
Julie Lythcott says she experienced the effects of “Helicopter parenting” first －hand when she worked as dean of first year students. 3 But many were unable to take care of themselves.They were turning to parents constantly for guidance，for problem solving，to have them make the choice about something.
So what can parents do if they want to break the overparenting “he licopter” cycle? 4
◆Stop saying “we” when you mean your son or your daughter.All too often a parent would say “we are on the travel soccer team”．Well，no，your son is or your daughter is.
◆ Stop arguing with all of the adults in our kids' lives.You need to teach your kids to advocate for themselves.
◆ Stop doing your kids' homework.
◆ 5 Teach them to cross the street，make a meal，and remember to put their own items in their backpacks，which becomes a briefcase one day.
When kids have all the skills to take care of themselves，they will be prepared for adulthood.
A. Four ways are offered to stop watching over your children.
B．She also explains why parents should stop it.
C．It's a good idea to encourage your kid to do the things he can by himself.
D．They can give their children directions at any moment from anywhere.
E．Build your kids' skills.
F．The freshmen were very smart and accomplished on paper.
G．Your kid is eager for more freedom，but should you give it to him?
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当今社会的一种典型的教育方式——“直升机养育法”，即
父母过度保护孩子。作者在文中提出了解决这个问题的四个方法。
1．D[根据上文可知，“直升机养育法”描述的是一种教育孩子的方式，父母对孩子过度保护并为孩子做得过多。现代的技术允许这些“直升机父母”在更远的距离也能监控他们的孩子。D项意为“他们能在任何时间任何地点引领孩子”，能够承接上文，并补充说明上文提到的父母可以在远处监控孩子，符合题意。故选D项。]
2．B[根据本段内容可知，Julie Lythcott写了一本名叫《挣脱溺爱陷阱和为你的孩子的成功做准备》的书。在书中，Julie让读者更深入地了解这种直升机式的教育模式。B 项“她也解释了为什么父母要停止这种溺爱”承接上文，符合题意。故选B项。] 3．F[根据上文可知，当Julie作为一年级学生的教务长时，她亲身体会到了“直升机养育法”带来的影响。下文又说到但是很多人却无法照顾自己。F项“这些新生非常聪明而且能按时完成作业”能够联系上下文，并与下文形成合理的转折关系，符合语境。故选F 项。]
4．A[根据下文可知，作者提出了四个解决“直升机养育法”问题的方法。A项“有四个可以让你不再过度保护孩子的方法”能够引出下文，符合题意。故选A项。] 5．E[根据本段内容可知，要教会孩子过马路、做饭、记得把自己的东西放在背包里。E项“培养孩子的技能”能概括本段内容，符合题意。故选E项。]
B
(2016·青岛质量检测)
Every year，thousands of students choose to study overseas. 6 The following steps may prove useful in their preparations to study overseas.
● Get to know your new home before you land in it.
There is no substitute for good preparation. 7 Learning about the history，culture，tradition，language and even details such as food，music，transport，weather and social activities of your new host country are all important.Thanks to the Internet，most of this can be found at the click of a button.
●Pack using your head and your heart.
8 Whatever you bring，make sure that it will be something that you think might help your chances of succeeding.This includes practical items such as study materials，old class notes，favorite textbooks or pens and even the contact details of previous teachers.
● 9
It is important to realize that while new and exciting things may be happening to you in your new environment，things and people back at home will also be changing.When you return home for a visit after a long period of time away，it is
(A ) A coal-fire stove(炉灶)provided heating for Zhao Yaoqin's courtyard bungalow in a Beijing hutong all her life. This winter, however, the stove has disappeared from the 66-year-old's life, and an electric radiator takes its place beside her bed, a product of a government to use clean energy in the national capital. With the Olympics to be staged in Beijing next August, the city is determined to eliminate the use of coal within the Third Ring Road that circles the city before the Games. The project to replace the stoves with electric radiators has been part of the effort. When the city's four-month long heating season started on Thursday, coal-fired stoves, known as a big source of pollution in the big city, have disappeared from some 20,000 local households like Zhao's bungalow in the inner city "hutong" -- traditional alleyways(小巷) that date back centuries. "We used to boil water or bake bread on the stove," said Zhao, sounding sentimental(伤感) to the disappearance of the coal furnace from her life. Late in the 1990s, Beijing's air quality monitoring office found that the emissions(排放) of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from the hutong areas have been higher than the city's average in winter, mainly because of the coal stoves. With the project to switch to clean energy for heating launched in 1999, the emission level of the two poisonous substances decreased by 42 percent and 44 percent, respectively, this year from 2001 levels. Zhao said the fee for electrical heat for the entire winter was usually around 2,400 yuan (US$323) per household. With the government's subsidy（补贴）, however, she only needed to pay about 500 yuan, nearly the same price as that for coal. 1．Zhao Yaoqin’ example in the passage is to tell us that_______. A.people in Beijing using electric radiators to welcome the Olympics. B.people in Beijing are doing something to protect the environment. C.hutongs in Beijing have a long history. D.People pay more money to use electric radiators than before. 2. The underlined word eliminate probably means________ A. cut down. B. increase. C. get rid of. D. replace 3. We can infer from the passage that ______ A. Zhao Yaoqin has a strong and deep emotion with the use of coal-fire stove. B. The government will pay most of the fee. C. The air of Beijing has been badly polluted since 1990s. D. The people do not use coal eight months in one year. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The clean air is important when the Olympics Games is held in Beijing. B. The success of the Olympics Games depends on the clean air. C. The government spare no effort to make the environment better. D. The emission level of poisonous substances will be low in 2008.
习作： 世上最爱你的人就是你的父母。可是，在生活中，有没有你不理解父母或者父母不理解你的时候？让我们这次习作的机会、和他们交流、沟通吧！ 你可以从以下几个方面考虑习作的内容： 你曾经有过不理解父母的时候，但通过一些事情，体会到了父母的爱； 你可以对父母提出一些建议，比如，请他们改进教育方法，或劝说他们改掉不好的习惯； 你想和父母说的其他心里话。 不论些什么，都要敞开心扉，写出你最想对爸爸妈妈说的话，表达自己的真情实感。写完以后，读给爸爸妈妈听，和他们交换意思。 【范文】 父母的爱 俗话说：母爱如水，父爱如山。我的爸爸妈妈就是这样的。 有一天深夜，我翻来覆去睡不着。妈妈用手轻轻地抚摸着我的额头，“哎呀！发烧了。”她说完穿好衣服，背起我向医院跑去。由于天气十分寒冷，我连打几个喷嚏，妈妈听见了，连忙把自己的衣服脱下来，披在我的身上。“终于到了医院。”妈妈边说边擦掉留在额头上的汗珠。可是，门诊里没有医生只有护士，住院部却有医生而无护士，所以诊断得到住院部，打针得到门诊部。两处相距甚远，妈妈不得不背着我两边跑。一会儿挂号，一会儿交医药费。看着妈妈忙碌的身影，我心想：我的好妈妈，可把你累坏了。等病好了之后，我一定听你的话。终于挨到凌晨，妈妈仍然守护着我。一夜的操劳，妈妈脸色变黄了，眼睛深陷下去，布满了血丝。她用手摸了摸我的额头，脸上露出了舒心的笑容。我知道我的烧已退了。 母亲很温和，而父亲却很严厉。 上次，我正和“QQ女狭”在聊天。爸爸看见后，说：“马上就期末考试了，怎么还聊天？”“明天还可以复习嘛！”我反驳道。爸爸的脸立刻变青了“今天有今天的事，明天有明天的事，快点复习。”接着，爸爸看着我，又说了一句：“考完后，我来看你的分数。”我腾地跳下电脑椅，迅速拿起语文书复习去了。 我的爸爸、妈妈以不同的方式呵护我，关心我。
说明文阅读题姓名 1、菊花 ①俗云：“赏菊之趣在于赏花。”菊花的颜色五彩缤纷，以黄、红、白、紫为主。黄的如“黄昏弄月”，金光灿烂，华贵雍容；红的像“金背大红”，绚丽夺目，热情奔放；白的有“白西施”，淡妆素裹，清洁怡雅；紫的是“紫玉莲”，苍劲有力，凝重浑厚。还有一种叫“绿牡丹”的，花呈绿色，青翠欲滴，恰似碧玉，煞是名贵。另有“墨荷”的黑紫堪称花中一绝；更有那“碧玉勾盆”，粉碧兼备，娇而不艳；“凤凰振羽”，红黄相间，娇娆多姿。各种颜色，应有尽有，令人眼花缭乱，目不暇给。 ②菊花的花形也是千姿百态，风貌迥异。这是由于花瓣的千姿百态所致。瓣分挂瓣、匙瓣、平瓣、管瓣四种。每一种又有内曲、反卷、龙爪、毛刺等形态。各种花瓣以一定规律进行组合，形成一种保持机体均衡、疏密相间的参差美，并由此构成了龙、凤、狮、虎四种栩栩如生的优美造型：龙类若舞若飞，潇洒俊逸，花儿内部短瓣紧抱，外部长瓣飘洒，像“龙盘蛇舞”；凤类亭亭玉立，婀娜多姿，花儿内部花瓣疏松或紧密内抱，外部花瓣自然下垂，如“天女散花”；狮类威武雄壮，魁伟挺秀，花儿大部分为匙状花瓣，且长短不一，相互重叠，排列参差，变化多姿，如“醒狮图”；虎类则刚劲沉稳，充盈丰满，舌状花瓣回心而抱，呈层瓦复叠状，似虎爪捕食，如虎啸长天。 ③菊花不仅娇艳多姿，而且用途广泛。不仅它的花序是一味名贵中药材，其嫩茎、叶、根亦可供药用。此外，还能做成各种精美的佳馔，如菊花肉、菊花羹、菊花酒、菊花糖等。这些菊花食品不仅香味俱佳，而且营养丰富。再者，杭菊还是驰名中外的清凉茶饲料。至于那自古就有“虫见愁”之称的除虫菊，则是效力极高的天然杀虫剂。菊花还有保护环境、净化大气的奇异功能，被人们赞为“空气的卫士”。 ④菊花既有很高的观赏价值，又有广泛的实用价值，确是一种值得大力发展的珍贵花卉。 1、本文说明的对象是什么？
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 "What kind of rubbish are you?" This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it was brought about weary complaints over the past few months. On July 1st, the city introduced strict rubbish-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish. Violators could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain hank loans or even buy train tickets. Shanghai authorities are responding to obvious environmental problem. It produces 9 million tons of garbage a year. But like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on rubbish pickers to pick out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China produces 80 billion pairs of one-off chopsticks a year. Many citizens appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous(有害的), the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss(投掷）it by hand, Most annoying are the short periods for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad. （1）What's the purpose of Paragraph 1? A. To complain about rubbish dividing. B. To explain the four categories of the waste. C. To introduce the rules on waste sorting. D. To show the goal of rubbish, sorting regulations. （2）What does the underlined word "Violators" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. People who don't pay for train tickets. B. People who argue with the monitors. C. People who obtain bank loans. D. People who are against the regulations. （3）What makes the citizens upset most about the rules? A. Complex distinction among the four categories of rubbish. B. Short scheduled time for tossing rubbish. C. Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage. D. Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior. （4）What can be the best title for the text? A. A Restart of Waste-sorting B. A New Age of Garbage Classification
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
说明文阅读专题 一、基础知识巩固 1．下面各组词语中加点字的读音，完全正确的一项是（） A．凫．水（fú）屹．立（yì）欺侮．（wǔ）行．辈（háng） B．脑畔．（pàn）糜．子（méi）蓦．然（mù）羁．绊（jī） C．冗．杂（rǒng）晦．暗（huì）戛．然（gā）恬．静（tián） D．斡．旋（wò）幽悄．（qiāo）锵．然（qiāng）怅惘．（wǎng） 2．下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（） A．行辈迁徙肆无忌弹惊心动魄 B．帷幕脂肪戛然而止海枯石乱 C．羁绊沙砾叹为观止目空一切 D．家眷次第人情事故草长莺飞 3.下列句子中加点词语使用有误的一项是（） A 为了逃避法律制裁，这些贩黄窝点曾一度销声匿迹，待风声一过，又如雨后春笋般出现了。 B 总理的话高屋建瓴，对中美贸易谈判具有重要的指导意义。 C 我们这些十七八岁的中学生，正值豆蔻年华，要努力学习才是。 D 他一心想向上爬，这次被上司破格提拔，他感激涕零地流下眼泪。 4．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（） A.椐专家分析，造成这次撞沉日本实习船的悲剧是美国潜艇在没有认真确认水面是否安全的情况下突然上浮。 B.权威人士强调：最近国内接连发生特大爆炸事件，全国人民必须提高意识，尽量防止此类事件不再发生。 C.参加互联网技术学习的学员，因为文化程度悬殊，有博士研究生、硕士研究生，也有大学本科生、专科生，还有一些中学生。 D.3月29日，西南航空公司主要航线的团队折扣机票在两个小时之内连续两次降价，此举引起有关民航部门的注意。 5．给下面句子排序，最恰当的一项是（） ①首先应该敬畏它们，就像敬畏我们自己一样。 ②再也不应该把其他生物仅仅看作我们的美味佳肴。
2011届高三英语专题复习阅读理解练习（3） A Imagine a boy from a small village in East Africa, He from a very early age has been looking after cattle. At twelve years old he knows mote about cattle than most of you. However, he has never been to school. Has dais boy ever had any education? Education is discovering about ourselves and about the people and things around us. All the people who care about us —our parents, brothers , sisters, friends —are our teachers. In fact, we learn something from everyone we meet. We start learning on the day we are born, not on the first day" we go to school . Every day we have new experiences, like finding a bird's nest, discovering a new street in our neighborhood, making friends with someone we didn't like before. New experiences are even more fun when we share them with other people. Encouragement from the people around us enables us to explore things as much as possible. As we grow up, we begin to find out what we are capable of doing. You may be good at cooking, or singing or playing football. You find this out by doing these things. Just thinking about cooking doesn't tell you if you are good at it. We learn so much just living from day to day. So why is school important? Of course you can learn some things better at home than at school, like how to do the shopping, and how to help old or disabled people who can' t do everything for themselves. At school, teachers help us to read and write. With their guidance, we begin to see things in different ways. 1. The writer takes the African boy as an example to show that _______. A. African children are very poor B. some children are unlucky C. education takes many ways D. schools are of great importance 2. In the eyes of the writer . A. we have to learn from the people around us B. school is not important at all C. only the people caring for us can teach us D. education takes place everywhere 3. One can find out what lie is good at by _ . A. the encouragement of people around B. the teachings of those lie or she meets C. thinking of it when growing up D. trying mid practicing it 4. How the writer looks at the role of school is that . A. school is not so important as our living places B. school enables us to understand the world in other ways C. school teaches us something useless at home D. school cannot prepare us for our daily lives 5. The passage tells us that _ . A. everyone gets education from the day lie or she is born
I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. “I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.” He laughed, “You’ll give me a quarter for my story?” I lay the qu front of him and corrected myself –“Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.” I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the “I was in the army,” he said. “ carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. enemy from the distance.” I listened He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. “I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,” he said. “One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.” The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? “I have no regrets,” anyone the homeless man said. “I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed He in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.” okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with continued, “I can live with being homeless—that’s killing innocent people.” On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order
五年级说明文阅读复习题 班级姓名 地球上到底有多少种鸟类，并没有确切数字，估计大约有9000种，分为27个目，160多个科。 据统计，北极的鸟类共有120多种，其中多为候鸟，常驻的鸟类有12种，不到总数的十分之一。南极的鸟类只有43种，永久性的“居民”大概只有企鹅和贼鸥而已。生活在北半球的所有鸟类，大约有六分之一要到北极繁衍后代。据一位在北极草原观察和研究了十多年的鸟类专家说，光在阿拉斯加北极地区，就有来自世界各地的候鸟在这里安家落户。 北极是全世界几乎所有候鸟的乐园和故土。这是因为，北极（）有辽阔的草原，丰富的食物，（）还有安静而干净的环境，很少人类干扰。南极则没有这个条件，南极的候鸟只能在附近作短距离的南北迁移，飞得最远的是信天翁，可以绕南极作长距离的迁移，但却并不往北飞行。南半球的许多候鸟（）遥遥数万千米飞到北极来越冬，（）愿意到南极去送死。 1、给文段拟一个恰当的标题。 2、在括号里填写恰当的关联词。 3. 写出下列句子采用什么说明方法？说说其作用。 1）据统计，北极的鸟类共有120多种，其中多为候鸟，常驻的鸟类有12种，不到总数的十分之一。（） 2）北极是全世界几乎所有候鸟的乐园和故土.（） 4、“北极是全世界几乎所有候鸟的乐园和故土”—句中“几乎”—词是否可以删去，为什么? _____________________________________________________________________
黑色金子——石油 ①石油被称作工农业生产中流淌着的黑色血液，是人类生活中不可或缺的重要能源。很多交通运输工具如汽车、飞机等使用的汽油、航空煤油等都是石油产品，日常生活中部分电力的供应也来自石油。美国有45％的能源供应来自石油；我国能源供应中石油所占比例约为23％。据不完全统计，我们生活中有6000 多种产品，例如润滑油、橡胶、塑料、合成纤维、涂料等等，都是石油产品。石油像黑色的金子一样，吸引着人们去寻找、去开采。 ②石油是怎么生成的呢?研究表明，石油的生成至少需要200万年的时间，在现今已发现的油藏中，时间最老的可达到5亿年之久。在地球不断演化的漫长历史过程中，有一些“特殊”时期，如古生代和中生代，大量的植物和动物死亡后，构成其身体的有机物质不断分解，与泥沙或碳酸质沉淀物等物质混合组成沉积层。由于沉积物不断地堆积加厚，导致温度和压力上升，随着这种过程的不断进行，沉积层变为沉积岩，进而形成沉积盆地，这就为石油的生成提供了基本的地质环境。 ③伴随各种地质作用，沉积盆地中的沉积物持续不断地堆积。当温度和压力达到一定程度后，沉积物中动植物的有机物质转化为碳氢化合物分子，最终生成石油和天然气。 ④分散在岩层中的石油又是怎样聚集在一起的呢? 石油不像水聚集在水库 中那样聚集在沉积盆地最初形成的岩石——生油源岩，也就是沉积岩中，而是透过岩石的孔隙，被挤压到压力分布更低的岩石裂隙和孔隙中，直至停留在被完全封闭的储集岩中。储集岩是聚集石油的岩石。储集岩形成了储藏石油的地质环境——圈闭构造，它是阻止石油被继续运移的地质构造。石油的这种聚集方式就如同水被一块海绵吸收一样。正因为有了储集岩和圈闭构造，石油才能够安静地在地下定居，等待发掘者的到来。 ⑤地质学家认为，在漫长的地质过程中，已有很大一部分石油因圈闭构造遭到各种地质作用的破坏而流失掉。在经历生成、运移和储集后，石油一般分布在近地表的范围内。 ⑥可以看出，特定的时间与空间对应着生油环境、沉积盆地的形成。相当规模的生油源岩、储集岩及储集岩形成的圈闭构造等几个要素，是生成石油和发现石油的核心。在石油的生成过程中，上述诸要素任何一项缺失或“不佳”，都会对石油生成全过程产生影响或破坏，导致仅形成规模较小的石油生成、聚集，而不具备商业化开采的价值。 1、根据选文内容填空。选文②～⑥段主要介绍了和 两方面的内容。 2、本文说明对象是 3、选文第①段中画线部分使用了的说明方法，具体生动地说明了 4、选文第⑤段“石油一般分布在近地表的范围内”一句中“一般”能否删去? 为什么?
（一）书 随着电子和激光技术的广泛应用，近年来，又出现了许多奇妙的书，像会说话的书，“电视唱片”书，立体的书以及缩微型的书，等等。 会说话的书，是在书里装有微型唱片或录音带，有的在文字下面印上发音代号，通过电子仪器可以还原成人的声音。一些儿童读物，在封底上镶有微型唱片和唱针。唱针接触唱片以后，随着唱片的转动，就可以听到书中出现的人物的声音。 更有趣的是一种叫做“电视唱片”的书，也叫“视盘”，它的外形像普通的唱片。它是通过一种特殊的激光方法，把图像和声音录到视盘上，收看的时候，把放相机接到电视机上，就可以把图像和声音还原。根据学习和研究的需要，还可以使画面随时停下来。出版某种重要的学术著作或者论文，可以把一些不容易理解的原理和不容易看到的实验情况，录在视盘上，跟书籍一起出卖。视盘既可以显示物体运动情况，也可以显示许多微妙的现象。比如，植物的光和作用，物质的分子运动，甚至原子核的破裂等情形，都可以用动画的办法显示。 还有一种书，插图都是立体的。打开书，书里的人和动物就跃然纸上，生动活泼，像活的一样。 现在的书，不仅品种多，而且有的越来越小。“缩微胶卷”就是其中的一种。它是用照相机把书或者资料拍到胶卷上，一般缩到原书大小的1/48，使用的时候，通过阅读器可放大到原来大小。早在19世纪普法战争时候就使用过，当时的法国谍报人员把一份3000多页的情报缩拍在一张几寸的胶片上，让信鸽带回了巴黎。 缩微图书保存和使用都很方便，如果把1万种每种15万字的书放在一块儿，它的总重量大约5吨，而缩微以后的胶片只有15公斤。 科学在发展，书还在不断演变，它以越来越丰富的营养，哺育着勤奋学习的人们。 1.短文中介绍了哪些奇妙的书，写在下面的横线上。 2.联系短文内容判断。正确的画“√” 1万种每种15万字的书总重量大约15公斤。 2特殊的激光方法制成的书可以直接阅读。 3缩微图书是一种通过阅读器来阅读的书。 3、用成语概括画横线的句子。（） 4、“会说话的书”与“电视唱片的书”二者主要的相同点是什么？不同点是什么？ 相同点： 不同点： 5、文中运用了哪些说明方法（至少写两种）。