河北定州中学2016-2017学年第一学期高三语文周练试题（六）一、选择题
1．下列句子中划线的近义词选用恰当的一项是（）
（1）随着时光的，在心里的梦想逐渐凝固了。
（2）抗生素，各种药物，是人体的“第二杀手”
①滥用②流逝③乱用④流泻
A、①②③④
B、②③①④
C、①④②③
D、②④①③
2．下列有关文学常识的表述，错误的一项是
A、苏洵（1009年－1066年），字明允，号老泉，汉族，眉州眉山（今属四川眉山）人。北宋文学家，与其子苏轼、苏辙合称“三苏”，均被列入“唐宋八大家”。苏洵长于散文，尤擅政论，议论明畅，笔势雄健，有《嘉祐集》传世。
B、豪放派，中国宋词风格流派之一。豪放派以苏轼、辛弃疾为代表，表现出充沛的激情，丰富的想象力和变化自如、多姿多彩的语言风格，作词豪放、大气。与之相对应的是以李清照、柳永为代表的婉约词派。
C、欧·亨利，英国著名批判现实主义作家，世界三大短篇小说大师之一。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外。其中一些名篇如《警察与赞美诗》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。
D、海伦·凯勒（1880——1968)，20世纪美国残障女作家、教育家、慈善家、社会活动家。她以自强不息的顽强毅力，在安妮·莎莉文老师的帮助下，掌握了英、法、德等五国语言。完成了她的一系列著作，并致力于为残疾人造福，建立慈善机构，被美国《时代周刊》评为美国十大英雄偶像，荣获“总统自由勋章”等奖项。主要著作有《假如给我三天光明》、《我的生活》、《我的老师》等。
3．下列各加点成语使用正确的一项是：
A．随着房地产业的不断升温，一直居高不下的商品房价格已经成为影响人们生活质量的沉重负担，人们要求平抑房价的呼声也一直不绝如缕。
B．教学楼与办公楼之间的廊桥连通以后，进出办公室就不必再绕道而行了，师生们在上面行走真有如丸走坂的感觉。
C．长期以来，国内企业防病毒市场总给人一种雾里看花的感觉，这一方面是因为各种深奥的产品宣传让人觉得高深莫测，另一方面则是因为整个行业运作缺乏应有的透明度。
D．回到金科校园，看到每个莘莘学子行色匆匆的样子，我又想起了自己的高中生活。
二、现代文阅读
阅读下文，完成第下面小题。
警惕“生态癌症”——蓝藻
蓝藻是地球上最早出现的生物之一，亿万年来，蓝藻默默地为地球提供着氧气，是目前地球大气圈的主要缔造者之一，在地球生物多样性的形成过程中，起着关键的作用。蓝藻具有双重性，一个是光合作用，因为它带有叶绿素，从这个角度看它是一种植物；另外它比较微小，是一种细菌。所以它是植物性和细菌性的结合体。蓝藻虽然能进行光合作用，但它和植物的不同点更多，所以目前大部分学者还是主张将蓝藻从植物中分离出来，列入原核生物。蓝藻是生命力最旺盛的生物之一，它能存在于90℃高温的温泉中，也能存在于冰山里，它的细胞外有一层很厚的胶质，可以抵抗外界的冷热刺激。蓝藻家族成员众多，既有“好蓝藻”，也有“坏蓝藻”。好蓝藻如国家一级重点保护植物发菜，而著名的蛋白质补充剂螺旋藻，则是螺旋藻属的著名成员。“坏蓝藻”的典型是微囊藻属的蓝藻，正是它们，将河水与湖水染成蓝绿色的“水华”，并散发出阵阵恶臭。
蓝藻爆发主要存在于静止的水体中，中国湖泊富营养化问题严重，生长蓝藻明显。一说起水体的富营养化，人们通常会立即联想到工业污染。工业污染大家比较容易发现，而农业污染则不太为公众熟悉，可也比较严重。此外，生活污染也加快了富营养化。蓝藻需要的营养物质比较多，一般水里的氮都比较多，其他营养也都够用，就是磷比较缺。一旦水体中出现大量的磷，蓝藻的爆发就自然而然了，所以磷是一种具有决定性意义的因素。其次，适宜的温度也是引起蓝藻大量繁殖的一个很重要因素。最常见的蓝藻在亚热带地区的25℃－35℃温度下繁殖较多。而今年的蓝藻大爆发同样也有着温度的促进，大气变暖是肯定的促因之一。
蓝藻中的微囊藻、鱼腥藻及颤藻会产生微囊藻毒素。这些毒素通常存在于蓝藻的细胞膜里，所以蓝藻活着的时候没事，待其死亡腐败时，细胞膜破裂，藻毒素就释放到了水里。动物实验表明微囊藻毒素可能让小鼠致癌，但这一情况对人体的影响目前还不清楚。在目前已经检定出的微囊藻毒素中，微囊藻毒素-LR是最常见、毒性也最强的一种，因而世界卫生组织将微囊藻毒素-LR作为饮用水质量测定标准的项目之一。另外，蓝藻腐烂时会释放出异臭。但研究尚未发现它们对人体会产生什么实质性的伤害。
有人说蓝藻是“生态癌症”，一旦患上就很难清除。对于蓝藻的治理，应急办法很多，效果却一般。一旦蓝藻爆发，打捞是应急处理的第一步，但打捞漂浮在水面的蓝藻只能产生眼不见为净的效果。大部分蓝藻存在于水中和水底淤泥里，打捞不上来。另一种应急方法是“物理吸纳法”，往水里添加黏土，可以让蓝藻吸附在黏土颗粒上，令其沉入水底。但这也没法治本，因为蓝藻还在水底生存，还会继续爆发。化学方法也可以应用于蓝藻去除工作，比如在水中投放杀藻剂或絮凝剂。不过，这些化学药剂可能对湖泊产生污染，因此对化学药剂有着很高的要求。此外，生态治理上更高级的办法还有利用微生物直接侵袭蓝藻细胞，这一方法非常有效，缺点是价格昂贵。
4．对“蓝藻”的解释，正确的一项是（）
A.蓝藻在地球上出现的时间很早，它为地球提供着氧气，在地球生物的形成过程中，起着关键作用。
B.蓝藻能进行光合作用，似乎是一种植物；但它又比较微小，是一种细菌，所以应该归属于原核生物。
C.蓝藻的细胞外有一层很厚的胶质，可以抵抗外界的冷热刺激，是生命力最为旺盛的生物。
D.蓝藻家族成员中既有像发菜、螺旋藻一样的“好蓝藻”，也有将河水与湖水染成蓝绿色的“坏蓝藻”。5．下列表述完全符合原文意思的一项是（）
A.蓝藻腐烂时释放出的异臭气味会不会对人体产生实质性的伤害，我们目前还不太清楚。
B.蓝藻会产生微囊藻毒素，蓝藻死亡腐败时，细胞膜破裂，藻毒素就释放到了水里。
C.微囊藻毒素可能让小鼠致癌，对人体健康也有害，世界卫生组织将微囊藻毒素-LR作为饮用水质量测定标准的项目之一
D.25℃－35℃温度下各种蓝藻繁殖较多。今年我国各地的蓝藻大爆发与大气变暖关系密切。
6．根据原文提供的信息，下列推断不正确的一项是（）
A.磷对蓝藻具有决定性意义，因此我们如果能控制水体中磷的排入，就可以在一定程度上控制蓝藻的爆发。
B.只要我们严格控制工业废水排入湖泊，就一定能够控制住蓝藻灾害。
C.水体不流动加速了水体的富营养化，如果保持水体的流动，相信也可以缓解蓝藻成灾的局面。
D.蓝藻被称为“生态癌症”，但加强环境预警，严格控制污染源，对湖泊进行水源修复，消灭蓝藻灾害并不是不可能的。
现代文（文学类文本）阅读（20分，共4小题）
阅读下面的文章，完后面题目。
窗的随想
刘心武
①中国古典建筑的窗，要求窗框就是画框，看出去是一幅图画。杜甫除有“窗含西岭千秋雪”的名句外，还有若干“望窗外如赏画”的吟诵，如他在成都草堂“去郭轩楹敞，无村眺望奢”，于是窗框就框出了美景：“澄江平少岸，幽树晚多花”。如果窗外望不到自然风景，那么，就人造景观，比如竖起太湖石，栽种芭蕉、梧桐、竹丛、鸡爪红枫……所面对的墙壁会让爬山虎点缀，甚至放养一只仙鹤。
②窗的基本功能，是进光、透气。当然在更古的时候，窗洞也是烟囱。中国古典窗，往往为了追求审美效果，而牺牲掉透光量和透气性。西方的古典窗则非常重视透光、透气的功能，比如他们很早就有落地窗，窗户的下部直接与地板衔接，这在中国古典居室建筑中是几乎没有的。德国古典小说《茵梦湖》里写到蝴蝶窗，这种窗户体型大，上部呈圆弧形，窗扇可充分推开以至与外墙面紧贴，这样从外面望过去，窗扇就如蝴蝶的两只翅膀。西方从古典窗始，就追求窗扇闭合时要十分严密，尽量做到隔音、隔气息以及一切窗
外的信息。但中国古典窗不但不追求严密隔绝，相反，还追求窗里窗外的沟通，“今夜偏知春气暖，虫声新透绿窗纱”，对于从窗外渗进的地气与虫声，不但不反感，而是倍觉欣慰。最典型的例子是唐代诗人孟浩然，他有四句诗，“散发乘夕凉”，从外面回到家里，就把头发散开乘凉，“开轩卧闲敞”，把建筑物的窗户全都打开，躺到凉榻上，于是，他眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、心，全方位地享受窗户给予他的生命快乐：窗框如画框，窗外是图画，视觉享受自不消说；“荷风送香气，竹露滴清响”，有嗅觉、听觉享受，在那样一个暑日的傍晚，闻着荷花香，听到竹丛那些竹叶叶尖上凝聚的露滴不断地落到地面或荷池中，肯定满口生津，舌享受也有了，而卧在榻上的肢体肯定也就更加惬意，进一步，他就想弹琴，想知音，想跟朋友分享这美好的一切，心中诗意盎然，灵魂也就从至美升华到至善的境界。
③中国窗的私密性差。以往的窗，木质窗棂上糊的是高丽纸，北京有俗语“捅破那层窗户纸”（意味着让真相大白），更有“听窗根”“隔窗有耳”之说，那种窗户纸不但用手指头很容易捅破，用舌尖的唾液也能将其舔破。《红楼梦》第七十五回，写宁国府的女主子尤氏，带着丫头银蝶，从荣国府回到宁国府，去到其丈夫和一群狐朋狗友聚赌胡闹的屋子窗外，又偷听，又偷看，情节的合理性，就在于那个时代的中国即使是贵族府第，窗棂上多半还是糊着高丽纸，既难隔音，也难隔影。
④西方的窗，则很早就重视维护隐私的功能。在玻璃大量使用以前，会以厚实的木材，甚至辅以铁皮，来制作窗扇，一旦窗扇关闭，室内就成为一个与窗外完全隔绝的私密空间。莎士比亚悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》第五幕，场景是朱丽叶的卧室，两个恋人在那里幽会，但是时间匆匆流逝，很快到了天亮时分，朱丽叶母亲随时会来到这个地方，没办法，罗密欧必须离开，这时候就有一句台词由朱丽叶道出：“那么窗啊，让白昼进来，让生命出去！”窗，对于他们来说是一道闸门，将隐私空间与公众共享空间严格地划分开，但是白昼来临，罗密欧必须通过窗户、阳台逃走，因此朱丽叶对窗充满哀怨——它竟不能让他们永享私密的爱情。
⑤东西方传统窗文化的差异，并无对错优劣高低妍媸之分，人们到处生活，各处的人们纷纷创造出既有人类共通性又具民族特殊性的窗。现在值得讨论的，是随着全球一体化的进程，新型建筑材料的推广，建筑技术的不断发展，首先在城市里，出现越来越多的无窗建筑，特别是摩天楼等大型公共建筑，采用透明墙面，外望或许有窗的意味，但是没有了可以开启关合的窗扇，也就不能称窗。以北京为例，国家大剧院、水立方、中央电视台新楼，以及号称全球最大单体建筑的天竺机场T3航站楼，都无窗，这种趋势也已经推衍到某些高档公寓楼，据说是“智能建筑”，已经根本用不着窗户来提供照明、换气等功能，通过其本身的能源系统，能全天候地保持光亮、通风以及恒温、恒湿。人类的建筑，是否正在走向“窗灭绝”？
⑥今年年初，国际上有“建筑界诺贝尔奖”之称的普利兹克奖，颁给了中国建筑师王澍，他的那些作品，还大量地有窗，既有中国古典窗的元素，也有西方古典窗的元素，更从中国乡村农舍窗中汲取了营养，形成了一些可资研究的新型窗。
⑦无论如何，这个世界，人们不能只是跟Windows（视窗）打交道，从居室之窗，到心灵之窗，孟浩然那样的窗享受，应该具有永恒的意义。
（选自2012年8月20日《文汇报》，有删节）
7．你对文中画线句子是怎样理解的？（4分）
（1）心中诗意盎然，灵魂也就从至美升华到至善的境界。
（2）无论如何，这个世界，人们不能只是跟Windows（视窗）打交道。
8．东西方的窗有哪些不同？请结合文章内容简要概括。（6分）
9．作者在文中多处引用了古典诗词名句或中外小说、戏剧作品，请问，这样写有什么作用？（4分）10．从文中可以看出，窗子的历史由来已久，但是，随着新型建筑材料的推广，建筑技术的不断发展，窗子却濒临灭绝的境地。你是如何看待这一现象的？（6分）
三、阅读下面的文言文，完成问题。
张学颜，字子愚，肥乡人。登嘉靖三十二年进士。辽抚李秋免，大学士高拱欲用学颜，或疑之，拱日：“张生卓荦倜傥，人未之识也，置诸盘错，利器当见。”侍郎魏学曾后至，拱迎问日：“辽抚谁可者？”学曾思良久，曰：“张学颜可。”拱喜曰：“得之矣。”遂以其名上，进右佥都御史，巡抚辽东。
辽镇边长二千余里，城寨一百二十所，三面邻敌。官军七万二千，月给米一石，折银二钱五分，马则冬春给料，月折银一钱八分，即岁稔不足支数日。自嘉靖戊午大饥，士马逃故者三分之二。前抚王之诰、魏学曾相继绥辑，未复全盛之半。继以荒旱，饿莩枕籍。学颜首请振恤，实军伍，招流移，治甲仗，市战马，信赏罚。黜懦将数人，创平阳堡以通两河，移游击于正安堡以卫镇城，战守具悉就经画。
建州都督王果①以索降人不得，入掠抚顺，守将贾汝翼诘责之。果益憾，约诸部为寇，副总兵赵完责汝翼启衅，学颜奏曰：“汝翼却杲馈遗惩其违抗实伸国威苟缘此罢斥是进退边将皆敌主之矣臣谓宜谕王杲送还俘掠否则调兵剿杀毋事姑息以蓄祸。”赵完惧，馈金貂，学颜发之，诏逮完，而宣谕王杲如学颜策。诸部闻大兵且出，悉窜匿山谷。果惧，十二月约海西王台送俘获就款，学颜因而抚之。
时张居正当国，以学颜精心计，深倚任之。学颜撰会计录以勾稽出纳。又奏列清丈条例，厘两京、山东、陕西勋戚庄田，清溢额、脱漏、诡借诸弊。又通行天下，得官民屯牧湖陂八十余万顷。民困赔累②者，以其赋抵之。自正、嘉虚耗之后，至万历十年间，最称富庶，学颜有力焉。学颜八疏乞休，许致仕去。卒于家。
【注】①王杲：明朝末期建州女真头领。②赔累：赔钱亏累。
11．下列对文中面波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是（3分）（）
A．汝翼却杲馈遗惩其／违抗实伸国威／苟缘此罢斥／是进退边将皆敌主之矣／臣谓宜谕王杲送还俘掠／否则调兵剿杀／毋事姑息以蓄祸
B．汝翼却杲馈遗／惩其违抗／实伸国威／苟缘此罢斥是进退／边将皆敌主之矣／臣谓宜谕王杲送还俘掠／否则调兵剿杀／毋事姑息以蓄祸
C．汝翼却杲馈遗／惩其违抗／实伸国威／苟缘此罢斥／是进退边将皆敌主之矣／臣谓宜谕王杲送还／俘掠否则调兵／剿杀毋事姑息以蓄祸
D．汝翼却杲馈遗／惩其违抗／实伸国威／苟缘此罢斥／是进退边将皆敌主之矣／臣谓宜谕王杲送还俘掠／否则调兵剿杀／毋事姑息以蓄祸
12．下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（3分）（）
A．“大学士”，又称内阁大学士、殿阁大学士等，为辅助皇帝的高级秘书官。
B．“振恤”，即赈济与抚恤，即面对灾荒来袭时，各级政府和民间做的相应的反应和对策。
C．“诏”，先秦时代上级给下级的命令文告称诏。秦汉以后，专指帝王的文书命令。
D．“致仕”，“致”意思是“获得”，“仕”意为“官职”，“致仕”指获得官职。
13．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）（）
A．张学颜深得有关官员赏识。大学士高拱推荐张学颜任辽地巡抚，有人质疑．高拱力争，侍郎魏学曾的看法与高拱一致，张学颜最终获得任命。
B．张学颜敢于治理，恪尽职守。辽地边境线长，兵马耗费粮草很大，无法支撑，大饥荒使兵马损失惨重，张学颜采取多个措施，巩固边防。
C．张学颜正直敢言，忠于国家。女真首领王杲想聚众作乱，张学颜上奏请朝廷不要姑息王呆，并下令逮捕袒护王杲的赵完，维护了国家利益。
D．张学颜精于心计，体恤百姓。他写了关于会计的书，治理庄田，清理各种弊端；对陷入困境的百姓给予关照。明朝被认为最富裕的时期，他出过力。
14．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）
（1）张生卓荦倜傥，人未之识也，置诸盘错，利器当见。（5分）
（2）黜懦将数人，创平阳堡以通两河，移游击于正安堡以卫镇城，战守具悉就经面。（5分）
四、默写
15．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
⑴刘禹锡在《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》中“____，____”用典故表达回乡后的感受。
⑵苏轼在《赤壁赋》中，表达自己愿意与神仙相交，与明月同在的句子是“____，____”。
⑶《离骚》中屈原用“____，____”表明人各有各的乐趣，而他穷其一生追求美政的理想
五、阅读下面这首诗歌，完成小题。
梦后寄欧阳永叔⑴
梅尧臣
不趁常参久⑵，安眠向旧溪。
五更千里梦，残月一城鸡。
适往言犹在，浮生理可齐。
山王今已贵⑶，肯听竹禽啼。
注释：⑴永叔：欧阳修的字。写作此诗时，梅尧臣居母丧，即将服阙。⑵常参：宋制，文官五品以上官员每天参加朝见，称常参官。官员一般在五更前鸡鸣时便需等待上朝，是谓待漏。⑶山王：山指山涛，王指王戎。山涛官吏部尚书，王戎官司徒、尚书令。山涛曾举荐嵇康。
16．本诗尾联“山王”与孟浩然《临洞庭赠张丞相》一诗中的哪个人物形象相似? 作者写“山王”有何用意？请结合诗歌予以分析。
17．文学史常把三、四句作为梅尧臣“状难写之景，含不尽之意”的范例。请问这两句话主要用什么手法写景？包含的不尽之“意”有哪些？请结合诗歌予以分析。
六、语言表达
18．认真观察右面一幅漫画，写出其寓意。（4分）
七、作文
19．作文
阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。
一个花容月貌的女子，为了赢得更高的回头率，她经常光顾美容院，天天穿得珠光宝气。可是，人们的评价却让她百思不得其解：有人说她美若天仙，有人说她不过如此，有人说她俗不可耐，还有人说她丑陋不堪。于是，她求助于佛祖：“怎样才能使我获得更多的赞美？”佛祖微微一笑，说：“‘美’就在你的心里！你看那罗汉堂五百尊姿态各异的罗汉吧，慈眉善目者固然很多，但面目古怪甚至狰狞可怖者也不少，然而他们都修成了‘正果’。”
这则材料给了你怎样的联想或思考？请结合自己的经历和感受写一篇文章。
要求：自选角度，自定立意，自选文体，自拟标题，不少于800字。
参考答案
1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B
7．⑴受到美丽景色的熏陶，心情变得美好舒畅，心性修养也得以提升，进而萌发善念，要同朋友共同分享这份美好。（环境对人的影响，1分；与朋友分享，1分）
⑵现代科学技术的发展，改变了人们的交往方式，人与人之间的交往或交流需要面对面的思想碰撞和情感交流，（1分）而不是在虚拟的网络交流平台上传递信息。（1分）
8．①中国古典窗，追求审美效果，而不大注重进光量和透气性；西方的古典窗则非常重视进光、透气的功能。（2分）②中国古典窗追求窗里窗外的沟通；西方古典窗追求窗扇闭合时要十分严密。（2分）③中国古典窗的私密性差；西方古典窗则很重视维护隐私性。（2分）
9．①充分佐证了作者的观点，从不同角度体现了窗的文化内涵。（2分）②丰富了文章的内容，增加了文章的文化气息，增强了文章的可读性。（2分）
10．观点一：虽然科学发达了，时代进步了，但是传统的一些美好的事物，我们还是需要保留的。比如，与我们息息相关的窗，它在人类几千年的使用过程中，已经成为一种文化。我们要保护这种文化，进而享受它带给我们的生活上的乐趣。
观点二：新事物出现，旧事物随之慢慢消亡，这是人类社会发展的必然规律，所以，我们要坦然面对。传统的窗，固然美好，但在实用性上不及现代化的窗，被取而代之是合理的，所以，我们不必悲切烦恼，还是顺其自然为好。（只要能够自圆其说便可酌情给分）
11．D
12．D
13．C
14．（1）张先生卓越出众，人们还没有了解他，把他放到复杂环境中，（他的）杰出的才能就会显露出来。（得分点：“卓荦倜傥”“识”“器”“见”各1分，句意1分）（2）罢免几个懦弱的将领，创建平阳堡来沟通两河，把游击巡逻之军迁移到正安堡来保卫镇城，进攻守卫的器械全部加以经营谋划。（得分点：“黜”“具”“经画”各1分，句意2分）
【参考译文】张学颜，字子愚，肥乡人。考中嘉靖三十二年进士。辽地巡抚李秋被免职，大学士高拱想用张学颜，有入怀疑张学颜（的能力），高拱说：“张先生卓越出众，人们还没有了解他，把他放到复杂环境中，（他的）杰出的才能就会显露出来。”侍郎魏学曾稍后到达，高拱迎接并问：“谁可以担任辽地巡抚？”魏学曾思考很久，说：“张学颜可以。”高拱高兴地说：“相契合了。”于是把张学颜的名字呈上去，升任右佥都御史，任辽东巡抚。
辽东镇边界长二千多里，城寨有一百二十所，三面与敌人相邻。官兵七万二千人，每月供给大米一石，折合银子二钱五分，马匹冬天、春天供给草料，每月折合银子一钱八分，即使年成好也不够维持几天。从嘉
靖戊午年大饥荒，三分之二的士兵、马匹逃走死亡。前任巡抚王之诰、魏学曾相继安抚集聚，没有恢复全盛时期的一半。接着由于饥荒、旱灾，饿死的人很多。张学颜首先请求救济，充实军队，召回流亡迁徙的百姓，整修兵器，购买战马，严明赏罚。罢免几个懦弱的将领，创建平阳堡来沟通两河，把游击巡逻之军迁移到正安堡来保卫镇城，进攻守卫的器械全部加以经营谋划。
建州都督王杲因为向投降的人索要财物而没有得到，就进入抚顺抢劫，守将贾汝翼指责他。王杲更加恨了，约了各部落做强盗，副总兵赵完指责贾汝翼挑起事端，张学颜上奏说：“贾汝翼拒绝王果赠送礼品，惩罚王杲违抗命令，实在是伸张了国威，（贾汝翼）如果因为这个而被罢免，这是升降边将都由敌人主导了。我认为应该命令王果送还俘虏掠夺去的人和物，否则调兵剿灭他，不要姑息而积下祸患。”赵完害怕，赠送金貂给张学颜，张学颜揭发他，皇帝下令逮捕赵完，而发布命令给王杲，按照张学颜的计策办。各部落听说大军将要出动，都逃窜藏匿在山谷。王杲害怕，十二月约了海西王台送还俘虏、物资讲和，张学颜因此安抚他。
当时张居正掌握国政，认为张学颜精于心计，十分倚重信任他。张学颜写了会计录用来查考核算出纳。又上奏一条条详细地测量土地的条例，处理两京、山东、陕西功臣皇族的庄田，清理超额、脱漏、假借各种弊端。又贯彻到全国，获得官民屯牧湖陂八十多万顷。百姓穷困赔钱亏累的，用湖陂赋税来抵偿。从正德、嘉靖耗费亏空以后，到万历十年，被认为最富裕，张学颜出过力。
张学颜八次上疏请求退休，朝廷允许他退休回去。在家中去世
15．
⑴怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人
⑵挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终
⑶民生各有所乐兮，余独好修以为常
16．垂钓者。作者写山王是以山、王类比欧阳修，希望欧阳修保荐自己：欧阳修象山、王一样显贵，不知道肯不肯听作者说话，看到作者的长处，从而向山涛举荐嵇康一样举荐作者自己。
17．（1）虚实结合：虚写梦境，实写梦醒后所见所闻，虚实结合，写出景之凄凉。（2）“意”：思念京城，渴望受到重用（对京都的怀念，对政治生涯的眷念）：作者不赴常参已久，而鸡鸣时恰是百官待见皇上时，听到鸡鸣，难免怀念京城。思念友人：安眠旧溪，梦向千里外欧阳永叔，可见思念之深。
18．畸形人畸形。某些人文化水平高心理素质低，二者发展不平衡。
19．略
II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section B Recently,I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting.As we were about to arrive,the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway.He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land.We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts(21)________(fasten) because there might be a few bumps.Well,that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(22)________(pale)by comparison. The movement was so sudden(23)________several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags.(24)________you might guess,that’s not good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation. About twenty minutes into the adventure,the entire airplane became very quiet.There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed.Every passenger simply held on for dear life… (25)________one.A baby was having a good time!With each bump of the aircraft,he(26)________let out a giggle of happiness.As I observed this,I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety.He(27)________thought about the past nor about the future.Those are (28)________we grown-ups have learned from experience.He was enjoying the ride because he (29)________(not teach)to fear it.(30)________(understand)this,I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat,pretending I was really on a roller coaster.I smiled for the rest of the flight.I even managed to giggle once or twice,which is much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag. C Section People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.If you lived in the Mediterranean,for instance,you would consider octopus a great__31__.You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive.On the other hand,your stomach would__32__ at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat---the__33__accepted practice in many northern countries.The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we__34__to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.There are countless people who,ever since their early years,have learned to__35__snails with food.My friend,Robert,lives in a country where snails are despised.As his flat is in a large town,he has no garden of his own.For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him.The idea never appealed to me very much,but one day,after a heavy__36__,I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my__37__plants.Acting on a sudden impulse,I collected several dozen,put them in a paper bag,and took them to Robert.Robert was delighted to see me and__38__pleased with my little gift.I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours.I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. 第1页/共8页
2016高三英语模拟考试 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Once just a science fiction idea, VR has now become more accessible than ever. (25) _________ (wear) a pair of VR goggles connected to your computer and you can experience a lot of things without stepping out of the room. From climbing (26) _________ (high) mountain in the world to flying a spacecraft, the things you can experience with VR are limitless. This new 'reality ' is starting to takeover China. The Report on Chinese VR Users' Behavior was released on March 18 during the 12th TFC Global Mobile Game Conference & Intelligent Entertainment Expo held in Beijing. The report is based on a survey of 5,626 people, (27) _________ (age) between 15 and 39, from across the country. It shows that up to 68.5 percent of people have heard of or are interested in VR products. But surprisingly, it isn't new technology that has made VR so popular. 'VR has been (28) _________ for many years, but it will stick this time because there's enough computer power and the price will just keep going down,' Todd Richmond, a VR group member with the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in the US, told USA Today. VR (29) _________ (expect) to change various different fields. For example, VR could be used to train pilots and miners before they had to actually risk their lives in highly dangerous working environments, or to treat patients with acrophobia(恐高症）by making them think they were standing on top of a high building. 'If you have perfect virtual reality, (30) _________ you'll be able to simulate everything that a human can experience or imagine experiencing,it's hard to imagine where you go from there,' Palmer Luckey, 23 inventor of the Oculus VR goggles, told NPR. But the technology is still far from perfect. Users report experiencing motion sickness, headaches and other discomfort while wearing VR goggles. Also, (31) _________ more and more tools are flooding the market, the software that runs VR games and simulators has yet to catch up with all the new advancements. It could take (32) _________ while for VR to be widely accepted. When every new technology is first introduced, the technology (33) _________ is the driving force. But for it to really blend into people's lives, meeting basic and practical needs should be the main aim. (B) It has become the talk of the town: A stranger allegedly attacked a woman in a Beijing hotel at night on April 3. The man is said to have clutched her by the neck and attempted to drag her into the elevator. Lodgers passed by, but no one tried to intervene until one woman did. Her actions are believed to (34) _________ (save) the victim from whatever was going to happen to her. The incident has pushed the risks of solo traveling into the spotlight. Online forums like Sina Weibo (35) _________ (flood) with advice for how women (36) _________ protect themselves
III. Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. B Kettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way. 1. Get a medical clearance. Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense. 2. Always be aware of your surroundings. Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell. The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them. 3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread. Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native. 4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell. Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet. 5. Practice all safety measures at all times. Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.
2020-2021学年上海市闵行区七宝中学 高三英语上学期10月月考试卷 I. Listening Comprehension(略) II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp (21) you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and had the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills (22) (assess)through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months (23) (take) the same sorts of tests. Those who (24) (hold)mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive（认知）function (25) a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, (27) it can help your brain stay healthy. ” It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work (26) can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’ s job, for example, (28) ( require) multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）,” she says. “You (29) _______ ________organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge (30) mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 【答案】 21. as 22. assessed23. to take 24.had held25. at26. that 27. but28.requiring 29. have to30. yourself 【难度】中等
2018-2019学年上海中学高三第一学期摸底考试 II.Grammar and Vocabulary 温馨提示：多少汗水曾洒下，多少期待曾播种，终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地，多少记忆梦中惦记，多少青春付与流水，人生，总有一次这样的成败，才算长大。高考保持心平气和，不要紧张，像对待平时考试一样去做题，做完检查一下题目，不要直接交卷，检查下有没有错的地方，然后耐心等待考试结束。 Section A Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the other answer that best completes the sentence. 25.While I was waiting to enter ________ university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in ________ suburb of London. A. /, a B. an, a C. a, the D. the ,the 26.In most cases, ________ a passenger has his ticket and managers to catch his train, he can reach his destination more comfortably than ________ he had to drive himself. A. once, if B. that ,if C. when, while D. where, when 27.The invention of the modern computer is one of the great contributions ________ to man’s efficiency. A. having ever been made B. ever been made C. ever made D. having ever made 28.I was not able to work out the problem ________ my teacher explained it. A. as B. unless C. until D. when 29.For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but ________ the public believe that it does. A. / B. whether C. that D. if
2018年上海中学高三英语模拟练习（一） Grammarand Vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill ineach blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank. Today theStatue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It ___1___(tower) above of theharbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Manythousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspectthat getting the statue ___2___(build) was a long slow struggle. More than acentury ago, it ___3___(be) the celebration of freedom and the commemorationof the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor AugusteBartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue andpromoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem ___4___was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end. Donations forthe building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets thatwould be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations werehelpful, ___5___ the cost of the statue kept riding. ___6___(face) with ashortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants inParis donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, butmore money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniatureversions of the statue, ___7___ the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money hadbeen raised to complete the building of the statue. While theFrench had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, bylate 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 topromote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, t he idea of thestatue was difficult ___8___(sell). some newspapers, most notably the New YorkTimes, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehementlyopposed ___9___(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher JosephPulitzer, who had purchased a New Y ork City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic funddrive, promising to print the name of each donor, ___10___ small the donation,Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the countrybegan donating whatever they could. In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been raised.Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year theStatue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erectedon top.
2019届七宝中学高三英语模考卷 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ 核心词汇词性转换 1. distribute [dis’tribju:t] vt.分发;分布——_______________(n.) 2. disturb [dis’t?:b] vt.打扰,扰乱——________________(n.) [da?’v??s] a.不一样的,相异的——________________(n.) [d?’mestik] a.本国的;家庭的——________________(v.驯养) [drai] a/vt 干的，弄干——_________________(n.干旱) ‘i:g?/ a.渴望的——________________(n.) i’fi??nt/ a.效率高的——________________(n.) ‘emf?saiz/ vt.强调，着重——________________(n.) in’dju?/ vt.忍受;容忍——________________(n.) 10. enthusiasm/ in’θju:zi?z?m/ n.热情——________________(n.激情者)——________________(a.) 11. environment/ in’vai?r?nm?nt/ n.环境——________________(n.环保人士) 12. establish/ is’t?bli?/ vt.建立，设立;确立——________________(n.)——________________(a.) 13. evolve/ i’v?lv/ vt.使进化——________________(n.) 14. e xceed/ ik’si:d/ vt.超过，胜过——________________(n.)——________________(a.) 15. exist/ ig’zist/ vi.存在——________________(n.)——________________(a.) 16. expose/ iks’p?uz/ vt.使暴露——________________(n.) 17. fertile [?f?:ta?l] a.肥沃的——________________(v.施肥)——________________(n.肥料)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star (21) __________ she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June. According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she (22) __________ (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal (23) __________ the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes. Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million. Because she was (24) __________ first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported. Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation (25) __________ she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but (26) __________ didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts. In a letter (27) __________ (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government. "As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, (28) __________ led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests." "Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there (29) __________ have been no Fan Bingbing," she added. Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (30) __________ (recover) all back