Before Reading
Stephen Hawking
Brief Introduction---- Stephen Hawking (1942~ ): British theoretical physicist and mathematician
Chronology of Stephen Hawking
1942--Born in Oxford, England.
1958--Entered Oxford University and became especially interested in thermodynamics (热力学), relativity theory, and quantum mechanics (量子力学).
1962----Received a bachelor’s degree in physics and then enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the
1966—Earned his Ph.D. degree at the University of Cambridge. Stayed at the University of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research. Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化).
1977 —Became a professor of physics.
1979—Appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, a post once held by Isaac Newton.
“I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS? The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are no t that many.”
1988—Published his famous book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.
1993—Wrote Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
1996—Co-authored a book with Sir Roger Penrose titled The Nature of Space and Time.
Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking
singularity
A point in space-time at which the space-time curvature (曲率) becomes infinite. Black hole
A region of space-time from which nothing, not even light, can escape. Nothing can escape because gravity is so strong.
A Brief History of Time----One of his books to make his work accessible to the public.
Albert Einstein (1879—1955): a physicist, born in Germany, who was possibly the greatest scientist of the 20th century. In 1905 he published his theory of relativity. This led to the equation giving the relationship between mass and energy, E=mc2 , which is the basis of atomic energy. Einstein suggested how it could be used for making weapons, nut after World War Ⅱ he spoke publicly against nuclear weapons. By 1917, he had become famous all over the world. He was given the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921. When Hitler came to power, Einstein, who was Jewish, went to live in the US., becoming a U.S. citizen in 1940. In 1933 he wrote a book called Why War? with Sigmund Freud. He became a professor at Princeton University in 1934, and he spent the rest of his life looking, without success, for a theory that combined those of gravitation and electromagnetism. In 1952 he was offered the presidency of the state of Israel, but did not accept it.
Fankenstein: the main character in a novel (1818) by the English writer Mary Shelley (1797-1851). It is the story of a Swiss scientist, Dr. Franlenstein, who makes a living creature from pieces of dead bodies. The creature is like a man, but stronger, and although it its gentle at first, it later attacks and kills several people close to Frankenstein. There have been many films based on the story and variations of it. Global Reading
Part Division of the Text
Further Understanding
Part 1 Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
1) What is the attitude of some people towards the changes brought about by science and technology?
Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age.
2) What was life like before science and technology began to change our way of life? For the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.
3) What would happen if all government money for research were cut off?
The force of competition would still bring about advances in technology if all government money for research were cut off.
4) Is it possible to prevent science and technology from further development? Why or why not?
No. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this would not succeed.
5) What are general public’s attitudes towards science and techn ology?
They expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but they also distrust science because they don’t understand it. Besides, the public also has a great interest in sc ience.
Part 2 Skimming
1. Skim Part 2 to find out a mini-exposition.
Topic sentence: How to educate the public in science?
Supporting point 1: science education in schools
Supporting point 2: replacing equations with words and diagrams
Supporting point 3: making use of popular media such as newspapers, magazines and above all TV
2. This part is full of comparison and contrast, read this part and fill in the following table with information obtained from this part.
Part 3 True or False
1) Our civilization is more advanced than other alien civilizations according to the joke. T
2) 2) We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because of the insufficient development of the science and technology. F
We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because any alien civilization tends to destroy themselves when they reach our stage.
3) The author has had sufficient evidence to prove that the joke is wrong. F
The author has not had sufficient evidence, but he believes that the good sense of the public might prove the joke is wrong.
Detailed Reading
Sentences Analysis
1. Nor can one prevent further advances in the future.
Why is this sentence reversed?
The word “nor” here appears at the beginning of the sentence to give force to the negation.
Nor can one prevent further advances in the future.
Nor will I deny that.
2.The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn’t succeed
1). What is the grammatical function of the first “that”?
Here “that” brings about an attributive clause.
2). What does the structure “such that” here mean?
The structure is used to give an explanation for something.
His manner was such that he would offend everyone he met.
3). What can we infer from this sentence?
No way can suppress anything new, as human initiative and inventiveness do exist.
3. A ll it would do is slow down the rate of change.
Why is there no “to” between “is” and “slow”?
When “do” appears in the subject of a sentence, the sign “to” of an infinitive which is used as the predicative can be omitted.
The first thing he did was (to) look for a guide.
All we could do now is (to) remain cool-headed.
4. A t the moment, the public is in two minds about science.
1). What does “in two minds about” mean?
Unable to decide whether or not you want sth. or want to do sth.
I think she’s in two minds about whether to accept his present or not.
2). What can we learn from the sentence?
The public finds itself holding two contradictory viewpoints about science. On the one hand, it expects the improvement in the standard of living that has been brought by science; on the other hand, it also distrusts science because it does not understand it. 5. It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties.
1). What does “it” refer to?The public’s distrust of science.
2). What part of speech is “support” here? It is a noun.
6. But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner.
Paraphrase ---But in schools science is often taught in a dull and boring way.
7. Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.
如果不用这个公式的话，也许我能多卖出一倍的书。
8. But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.
1). What does “sense” here mean?Power of judging.
2). What does this sentence imply?
The author believes that the public will have a good understanding about science and can make informed judgments by itself.
Vocabulary
1.likely: 1). adj. probable
I shall very likely be here again next month.
An incident likely to lead to war is reported on TV. 电视报导出一可能导致战争的事件。
2) . adv. probably
Pattern: It is likely that …很可能…
It is highly likely that he will succeed.
CF: likely, possible & probable这些词都有“可能的”意思。
likely 系常用词，指从表面迹象来看很有可能。例如：
The likely outcome of the contest varies from moment to moment.
比赛结果每分钟可能都在变化。
possible 指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思。例如：
Is it possible to get to the city by train, or must I take a bus?
坐火车可以到这个城市去吗？还是我必须得坐公共汽车？
probable 语气比possible 强，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的, 带有大概、很可能的意思。CF:It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。
2. do without: manage to survive, continue, or succeed, although you do not have sth.
you need
He can’t do without the services of a secretary.
I haven’t enough money to buy a car, so I’ll just have to do without.
Collocation:
do away with摆脱；废除，取消do up系上，扣上；修理；打扮have something to do with和…有关系have nothing to do with和…没有关系3. highly: adv. 1) very Mr. Smith was a highly successful salesman.
He speaks very highly of you.
2) to a high degree
Most of the people present at the meeting are highly educated women.
出席这次会议的大部分人是受过高等教育的女性。
CF: highly & high 这两个词都表示“高高地”。
highly 指的是抽象意义上的“高”。例如：
a highly paid official 薪俸优厚的官员think highly of sb. 器重某人
high 用作副词时，一般指的是具体意义上的“高”。例如：
aim high 向高处瞄准search high and low 到处寻找
其他类似的例子还有:
closely & close
closely 细心地，严密地。例如：
Watch what I do closely. 仔细观察我所做的。
The prisoners were closely guarded. 囚犯被严密看守着。
close 邻近。例如：
He lives close to the school. 他住得离学校很近。
4.put / turn the clock back: return to a situation that used to exist, usually because the present situation is unpleasant
Forget all about it and look to the future; you can’t turn the clock back.
The employment bill in which women are not allowed to take jobs will put the clock back fifty years.
5. bring about: cause to happen
Some educators are hoping to bring about major changes in the educational system.
What brought it about? 这是怎么发生的？
Collocation：
bring forth产生；提出bring forward提前；提出
bring up 教育；养育；提出
Fill in the blanks with the phrases and change the form where necessary.
1). They proposed that the date of the congress be brought forward a few months.
2). The trees in the orchard bring forth many apples.
3). He was well brought up
4). At the meeting the next morning, they brought up/ forward / forth many problems and discussed them one by one.
6. inquire: 1). vt. ask to be told
He inquired (of her) the reason for being late again
He asked for his key and inquired whether there had been any message for him.
2). vi. seek information by questioning
I rang up to inquire about train times. 我打电话询问有关火车时刻的事情。Collocation：
inquire after问候inquire for求见inquire into查究，调查
CF: inquire, ask & question这些词都有“问，询问”的意思。
inquire 是较正式的书面用词，渴望知道某人或某事的确实情况。例如：
He inquired your telephone number. 他询问你的电话号码。
ask 是最常用词, 指为了了解某人或某事而提出问题, 请别人解答或向别人打听消息。例如：
Excuse me. May I ask you a question? 对不起，我能问你一个问题吗？
question 指对某事不断提出问题，以便了解详细情况。例如：
The suspect was questioned by the police. 警察审讯嫌疑人。
7. initiative: n.
1) ability to make decisions and take action without the help of others
If you show that you have initiative, you will sooner or later be promoted.
The workers are able to solve the problem on their own initiative.
2) used in the phrase “take the initiative”: be the first person to take action to improve a
situation or relationship, esp. when other people are waiting for sb. else to do sth.
He took the initiative in organizing a party after his brother’s wedding.
8. rate: n.1) value, cost, speed, etc. measured by its relation to some other amount
The world’s forests are disappearing at an even faster rate th an experts have thought. The birth rate is the number of births compared to the number of the people.
出生率是出生数与人口数之比。
2) of the (numbered) quality
a first-rate performer; a second-rate comic
8.ensure: vt. make sure; guarantee
I can’t ensure that he will be here in time. 我不能确保他能及时到这儿。
The new treaty will ensure peace.
9. informed: adj. knowing things; having all the information
Keep me informed of fresh development. 随时告诉我新的发展。
He’s a well-informed man.
CF: inform, tell & instruct这些词都有“把某消息或某件事传达给别人”的意思。inform 向某人传递信息, 特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料（可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知）。例如：
I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster, Mr. Reginald Page, will be retiring next week.
我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德·佩奇先生将于下星期退休。
tell 最通用，最不正式。指把某事告诉某人。例如：
Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖掉了。
instruct 较正式，意为“指示（一般用于上级对下级），通知”。例如：
The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. 编辑立即给这位记者发了一份电报，叫他查明台阶的准确数目以及围墙的高度。
10. steady: adj. 1) constant; regular in movement
The government’s policies have brought a period of steady economic growth with
falling unemployment.
There has been a steady growth in the industry.
2) firm e.g. Using the razor requires a steady hand.
11. basis: (pl. bases) n.
1) facts or ideas from which sth. can be developed; foundation (usu. used as a singular noun, followed by for or of )
The writing is full of arguments that have a firm basis.
What is the basis for your opinion?
2) circumstance that provides a reason for some action or opinion (usu. followed by of or that-clause)
On the basis that recognizing the problem is halfway to a solution, we should pay much attention to his comments.
CF: basis, base & foundation这些词都有“基础，根基”的意思
basis 多用于比喻，指信念、议论等的根据。例如：
On the basis of our sales forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year.
基于我们售货的预测，我们明年将开始赚钱。
Charity toward others is the basis of her philosophy.
慈善待人是她人生观的基点。
base 多用于指有形的或具体的基地或根基，尤指军事或工业方面的基地。例如：We picnicked at the base of the mountain.我们在山脚下野餐。
The lamp stands on a circular base. 那盏灯由圆形底座支撑。
foundation 强调基础的稳固与坚牢，可用于比喻。例如：
Those thoughts rocked her assurance to its foundations. 那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。
The huge lorries shock the house to its foundations.大卡车驶过，连屋基都震动了。
12. lie in: exist or be found in (sth.)
The root of all these events lay in history.
The play’s interest lies in the questions it raises about marriage.
这部戏剧令人感兴趣的地方在于它提出了一些婚姻方面的问题。
13. in terms of: as regards (sth.); expressed as (sth.)
Give the answer in terms of a percentage. 以百分数回答这个问题。
In terms of salary, the job is terrible.
14.tend:
1）. vi. be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effect
Some people tend to get up later at weekends.
Prices are tending upwards. 物价正在上涨。
2）. vt. watch over; attend to
shepherds tending their flocks
tend the sick and wounded
15. precise: adj.
1) exact
We will never know the precise details of his death.
Our train leaves at about half past ten, or — to be precise — 10:33.
2) taking care to be exact and not to make errors
He is a very precise man. 他是个非常谨慎的人。
16. grasp:
1) v.
①understand
This is a concept we in the West find difficult to grasp.
②seize firmly
The drowning man grasped the rope.
A man who grasps at too much may lose everything. 贪得无厌的人可能毫无所得。
2) n. power of grasping
Success is within her grasp.
This work is beyond my grasp. 这个作品我看不懂。
17. sufficient: adj. enough
$30 should be sufficient for a new pair of shoes.
There was sufficient evidence to prove that he was guilty. 有足够的证据证明他是有罪的。
18. convey: vt.
1) make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another
I can’t convey my feelings in words.我无法用言语表达我的感情。
This picture will convey to you some idea of the beauty of the scenery.
这幅画可将那处风景的美丽向你传达一二。
2) take; carry
This train conveys both passengers and goods.
19. put across: cause to be understood
He’s very good at putting his ideas across.他非常善于表达自己的意见。
Good teachers are the ones who are able to put things across well.
Collocation：
put aside 储存（钱、时间）；把…放在一边put forward提出（意见、建议）put in 花费，付出（时间、精力等）put off阻止；推迟put on 穿上put out熄灭put through为…接通电话put up with忍受
20. proportion: n.
A large proportion of the dolphins in that area will eventually die because of water pollution.
1) part of a group or an amount
A large proportion of the city’s population is aged over 50.
这个城市的很大一部分人已年过半百。
2) relation of one thing to another in quantity, size, etc.
The proportion of men to women in the medical profession has changed in recent years. Collocation：
in proportion to 与…成比例；和…相比in direct proportion to与…成正比例in inverse proportion to与…成反比例in proportion符合比例的
out of proportion不成比例的
21. fit into: be part of a situation, system, or plan
The new college courses fit into a national education plan.
College English videos are designed to fit into the syllabus.
22. educate: vt. teach or train
You should educate your children to behave well.
The boy had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.
这个男孩只能在工作做完后晚上自修。
23. entertain: v.
1) give pleasure (to)
Children’s television programs not only entertain but also teach.
We were all entertained by his tricks.
2) receive (people) as guests我们都对他的戏法感兴趣。
The Smiths entertain a great deal.
According to the school regulations, women students are not allowed to entertain men in their rooms.
24. contact:
1). vt. get in touch with
Feel free to contact us if you need my help.
2. n. touching or communication
We can learn much by being brought into contact with other minds.
He made many useful social contacts while he was in Canada.
他在加拿大期间，曾结识了许多对他有益的社会人士。
CF: contact, contrast & contract 这些词形式相似，意思却不同。
contact 接触，联系
contrast 对比，对照
contract 订合同，订契约
Fill in the blanks with the above words and change the form where necessary.
1. Research is more mentally fatiguing, contrasted with physical labour.
2. They have contracted to build a railway across Africa.
3. I must contact my lawyer before I made my final decisions.
After Reading
Useful Expressions
1. 在过去的一百年间in the last hundred years
2. 回到go back to
3. 享有特权的少数人a privileged minority
4. 当今政府the present government
5. 基础科学basic science
6. 全球政府a global state
7. 民主社会a democratic society 8. make informed decisions 做出明智决定9. the standard of living 生活水准10. cartoon figures 卡通人物
11. science fictions 科幻小说12. acid rain 酸雨
13. greenhouse effect 温室效应14. nuclear weapons 核武器
15. 基因工程genetic engineering 16. 死记硬背learn by rote
17. 使销量减半halve the sales 18. 分子生物学molecular biology
19. 外星文明alien civilization 20. 对…充满信心hav e sufficient faith in …Summary Writing
Science and technology (已带来了巨大的变化) have brought great changes to the world we live in in the last hundred years. (如何保证) How to ensure that the changes are in the right directions? Clearly, the public needs (科学教育) education in science so as to (做出明智的决定)
make informed decisions on their own fate. Schools are important, especially if science is taught (以一种有趣的方式) in an interesting manner , and scientific concepts are expressed (用文字和图表来表达) in the form of words and diagrams. At the same time, we need to(充分利用) make full use of popular media such as newspapers, magazines and above all TV to (了解最新的发展）put across the latest developments. Human civilization can survive if the public understands science well.
Discussion
1. Do you think people’s life has been greatly improved by the use of cell phones?
2. Do you think cell phones have seriously influenced people’s daily life?
3. Do you think we should ban the use of cell phones in public places, such as buses?
4. What would be the future of cell phones?
Advantages of cell phones:
1) By using a cell phone, you can communicate with anyone whenever you want and wherever you are.
2) If there is an emergency situation, cell phones can be useful.
3) You can get access to the Internet by using a cell phone.
4) Apart from the instant access they give us, cell phones can be vital, convenient and cost-effective for people who want to stay connected all the time.
5) These devices allow you to enjoy entertainment, access information, capture and share pictures and videos, at anytime and anywhere you want.
Disadvantages of cell phones:
1) Radiation affects your health.
2) Vibrations affect your ear drums.
3) Act in bad manners when you are talking to someone and the phone rings —you start yelling “Hello! Hello”.
4) Modern phones with cameras etc. go beyond normal use. They have become dangerous to society and the privacy of your contacts.
5) Cell-phone users may spend much on running after unnecessary up-to-date models which are changed and innovated all the time.
Sentence Translation
1. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn’t succeed.
唯一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府，但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛，即便这个政府也不会成功。
2. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts.
在一个民主社会里，这意味着公众需要对科学有一个基本的了解，从而可以做出明达的决定，而不是把决定留给专家去作。
3. What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering?
怎么样才能利用这种兴趣，向公众提供所需要的科学知识，以便其在酸雨、温室效应、核武器以及基因工程等问题上做出明智的决定呢？
4. 这部电影的吸引力不仅在于它提供娱乐给观众, 还在于它提及了人类与外星文明可能接触的问题。
The film’s appeal lies in not only the entertainment it provides to the audience but also the questions it raises about the possible contact between human beings and alien civilizations.
5. 的确很难做出准确的预测, 但信息产业的稳步增长确保该系列产品是高利润。True it is hard to make accurate predictions, but steady growth of the information industry ensures that this line of products is highly profitable.
6. 随着生活水平的提高，人们收入中用于购买食物的比例下降了，而在教育方面的花费明显增加。
With the improvement of the standard of living, the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased remarkably. 7. 要了解重大的国际事件，我们首先需要考虑其历史与政治背景。
To understand the major international events, we first need to consider their historical and political background.
Writing Practice
Write an essay of about 80 words entitled Should cloning of human beings be banned? Your essay should cover the following points.
Writing Practice
1. Your opinion on cloning of human beings.
2. Give supporting evidence.
3. Use to begin with, secondly, thirdly and finally to connect all the evidence.
Model Paper
Cloning of human beings should not be banned. To begin with, it is probably one of the ways like vitro (体外的) fertilization (授精) to help a couple have a child when they could not have any other way. Secondly, it will advance our knowledge of how genes direct the development of a single cell embryo (胚胎) into a complex adult. Finally, the ethical problems concerning cloning will be solved gradually by human beings. Proverbs and Quotations
新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 1 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7.virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours. 5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company. Translation VIII. 1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. IX. 1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。
Unit 3 Travel Journal Period1. Step 1.Warming up 1.Ask some questions: 2.Do you often travel? Where have you been? 3.2. Following the steps of the warm-up on page 17. Step2. Pre-reading 1. Show some traveling pictures of the teacher’s. 2. Ask Ss : which river is the longest one in the world and which is the largest one; which river is the longest one in China. 3. Ask Ss: how people who live along a river use it. Step3. While-reading 1. Scanning: Ss read quickly and answer: What are they going to do? 2. Skimming: Ss read again and finish comprehending 1 on page 19. Ss read and get the main ideas of each paragraph. Ss list the countries that the Mekong River flows through. Step4. After-reading Ss in pairs and discuss: Wang Wei’s and Wang Kun’s simil ar and different attitudes about the trip. Similar attitudes about the trip Different attitudes about the trip Both Wang Wei and Wang Kun think…1. Taking this trip is a dream
第一册Book1Unit1~Unit10 翻译答案 Unit1 翻译 1) 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。 Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter. 2) 我坚信，阅读简写的(simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。 I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary. 3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染(pollution) 方面还做得不够。 I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution. 4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。 In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation. 5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。 We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to te ach us spoken English next term/semester. 6) 经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。 Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. 7) 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。 If you have any q uestions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail. 8) 那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。 The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years. Unit2 翻译 1) 幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。 Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once. 2) 胜利登上乔治岛(George Island) 后，船长向指挥部(the headquarters) 发了一份无线电报。 After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to the headquarters. 3) 他决心继续他的实验，不过这一次他将用另一种方法来做。 He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he'll do it another way. 4) 她在读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。 When she read the novel, she couldn't help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside. 5) 玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。 Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 6) 我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。 We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it. 7) 甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。
本科课程教案 2017-2018学年(第 1 学期 ) 课程名称：大学英语 CI 课程性质：□通识必修课□大类基础课□专业核心课 □专业拓展课□通识限选课□通识任选课 授课班级：17 产品设计 1 班(32 人）、环境设计七班（ 30 人）学生数：共 62 人 授课教师：庞海才 学分 / 学时：6/75 学时分配：理论讲授学时，课堂讨论学时 实验 / 课内实践学时，在线学习学时 课程设计( 周) 系（教研室）负责人（签名）：
审核通过日期：年月日 《大学英语 CI 》是教授英语语言知识和英语学习策略，培养学生外语综 合应用能力和跨文化交际为主要内容的必修课，教学对象是艺术专业大一学 生。课程以外语教学理论为指导，以“课堂教学+计算机和网络的自主学 习”模式为主，集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体，旨在培养学生的英语 课程简介综合应用能力，尤其是听说能力；同时，提高他们的自主学习的能力和综合 文化素养，以适应我国社会发展的需要和国际交流的需要。 该课程采用形成性评估和终结性评估两种形式来评估学生学习效果。形成 性评估包括课堂活动记录、课后任务记录等形式。终结性评估包括期中测评、 期末总评。 教材名称、新编大学基础英语综合教程1、 2 高等教育出版社 出版社、出版新视野大学英语（第三版）视听说教程1、 2 时间、版次新编大学基础英语训练与自测1、 2高等教育出版社 （含中英文教 材） （含参考书目、案例材料、阅读材料，网络教学资源等） 新编大学基础英语训练与自测1、 2 新视野大学英语（第三版）长篇阅读1、 2 参考书目 及文献（或 网络教学资源） 形成性评估：平时作业、网络学习、课堂表现、期中考试、期末考试考试考核方式 （含期中考试、 小测验、作业）
Unit 1 friendship Participants: 靳燕，黄洋，董妮娅，仝亚军，李桂秀，吴晓，邹舍龙 School: Tai Zhou No.1 Senior Middle School 1.Teaching aims and demands 类别课程标准要求掌握的项目 话题Friends and friendship; interpersonal relationships 词汇Add point upset ignore calm concern loose cheat reason list share feeling Netherlands German outdoors crazy nature purpose dare thunder entirely power according trust indoors suffer teenager advice questionnaire quiz situation editor communicate habit add up calm down have got to be concerned about walk the dog go through hide away set down a series of on purpose in order to face to face according to get along with fall in love join in 功能 1.态度(attitudes) Are you afraid that---? I’v e grown so crazy about--- dare--- I didn’ｔ 2. 同意和不同意（agreement and disagreement） I agree. I think so. Exactly. think so. I’m afraid not. agree. I don’ｔ I don’ｔ 3.肯定程度（certainty） That’s correct. Of course not. 语法直接引语和间接引语(1): 陈述句和疑问句 1.陈述句 want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” Said Anne. “Ｉd on’ｔ want to set down a series of facts in a diary. ----Anne said that she didn’ｔ 2.一般疑问句 He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?” ---He asked us whether we were leaving that night. 3.特殊疑问句 “When did you go to bed last night?” father said to Anne. --- Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before. 2.Suggested teaching notes 1). Analyses of the teaching contents This unit is about friendship, and nearly all the teaching materials center
大学英语精读第一册答案 大学英语精读第三版第一册答案 Unit1 1) e 2) g 3) j 4) a 5) b 6) i 7) c 8) d 9) h 10) f 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed to memory
11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) ata time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for
5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1) action 2) employ 3) announce 4) examination 5) communication 6) express 7) compose 8) improvement 9) concentration 10) management 11) consider 12) motivate 13) development 14) movement 15) discuss 16) operate 17) division 18) production 19) educate 20) repeat 1) additional 2) add
大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第一册答案Book 1 Unit 1 Study&Practice V ocabulary Activities 1. 1)e 2)g 3)j 4)a 5)b 6)i 7)c 8)d 9)h 10)f 2. 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed... to memory 11) Nevertheless 12) rely... on 13) Apart from 14) command 3. 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition to 8) in detail Enriching Your Word Power 1. 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development
14)movement 15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 2. 1) a) additional b) add c) addition d) addition 2) a) effectively b) effect c) effective d) effect 3) a)helpful b) help c) helpless d) help e) helplessly f) helpfully g) helpful 4) a) reliant b) reliable c) reliance, reliable d) relies e) reliably 5) a) repetition b) repeating c) repeatedly d) repeated e) repetition Usage 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today’s papers 5) In most doctors’ opinion ( According to most doctors) Structure 1. 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer. 4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries. 5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympic record. 2. 1) It is true that your sentences are all gramma tically correct, but they don’t make any sense. 2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting. 3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job. 4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies. Cloze 1. 1) strategies 2) frequently 3) over and over again 4) commit to memory 5) acquaintance 6) watch out for 7) communicate
UNIT 1 Want to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying? Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on... How to Improve Y our Study Habits Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. Y ou do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. Y ou can receive better grades if you want to. Y es, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here's how: 1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed（指定的时间）time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It's important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play. Plan your time carefully: topic sentence Supporting sentences 展开句 Fill in/out :write in; complete sth by putting whatever is needed Listen carefully and fill in the numbers you’ve heard from the tape. decide on: choose from two or more possibilities or make a decision about I’ve decided on leaving for New Y ork the day after tomorrow. Be sure (to do sth): not fail (to do sth) Be sure to leave adequate time for play. Be sure to write to us as soon as you get there. Be sure not to be late again. set aside：keep or save for special use or purpose Why don’t you set aside some money so that you can use it when you’re in need? as well: also , too This book tells Lu Hsun’s writings, and his life as well. With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. Be/ become aware of: know sth; know(what is happening) Are you aware of the importance of learning a foreign language? 2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject. concentrate on/ upon : give all one’s attention or efforts, etc. to I can’t concentrate on my studies, for I’m homesick.思乡 Airsick晕飞机 seasick 晕船 3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well. Look over: examine; inspect I looked hurriedly over the apples in the basket and took one that looked good. They looked over several kinds of new bikes before making up their minds to buy. My sister is busy looking over her mail. 4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
Unit 1 Half a day 教学目的 1. 了解作者及其背景知识； 2．熟悉本文使用的写作手法； 3．掌握修辞疑问句、倒装句等修辞手法； 4．熟练掌握三类构词法； 5．通过深刻理解文章内涵，培养学生社会洞察力和相关的讨论能力，同时掌握文中的核心语言点。 教学内容 1. 热身 2．作者 教育与背景 主要著作 创作观 3．作品赏析 结构分析 如何赏析文学作品 扩展式讨论 4．写作技巧 省略疑问句和修辞疑问句 倒装句 “with”独立结构 5．语言理解 长难句解析 核心词汇学习 band, convince, daze, exert, intricate, observe, overlook, rank, revolve, startle, uviverse, vary 介词练习 构词法：-tion; -volve; -ly 6．课堂讨论 7．练与讲 教学重点 1. 文学作品的赏析； 2．文学中的修辞手法――省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；“with”独立结构3．构词法：前缀 教学方法结合实际吸收各种教学法（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、多媒体使用）的优点。 教学手段用投影仪播放PowerPoint课件及板书；群发电子邮件布置课堂资料和课后作业（或其来源）。
ⅠAbout the author ★Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. （mummies and pyramids / sphinx 狮身人面）★He worked in university administration（行政部门）and then in 1939 he worked for the Ministry of Islamic Affairs.（Buddhism Christianity Islam） ★He was later Head of the State Cinema Organization at the Ministry of Culture(文化部）. He also worked as a journalist（记者）. ★He is married, has two daughters and lives in Cairo. ★He was the first Arab to win the Nobel prize for literature He is now the author of no fewer than 30 novels, more than 100 short stories, and more than 200 articles. Half of his novels have been made into films which have circulated （流通；传播）throughout the Arabic-speaking world. The Cairo Trilogy（三部曲）is a tale of the lives of a Muslim family and spans （跨过）the first half of the 20th century. Palace Walk 《宫间街》Palace of Desire 《思官街》Sugar Street 《甘露街》How does he picture the world? 1 The world is very gloomy（阴沉的令人沮丧的）though not completely disappointing. 2 The author’s social utopia (乌托邦）is far from being realized. 3 Time is the bringer of change and change is a very painful process. 4 Life is a tragedy. ⅡText Appreciation 1 structure 2 Further discussion Can you recall your first day’s experience at primary school? Did you feel you were a stranger the first day you arrived at this university? Was it hard for you to leave home for the first time in your life? What do you think is the business of university? What do you expect to learn here? 3 Theme of the story The following are a few possible understandings of the message the story conveys. Which one do you agree with? Argue with your group partners. Time and tide wait for no man. Life is a tragedy. There is nothing permanent in life but change. Education can never keep up with changes in society. Life is short and time is precious. Life is a dream. Do not take anything seriously. 4 Structure of the text Part 1 (para. 1- 7 ) about:The boy’s misgivings about school Part 2 (para. 8-16 ) about: How the boy felt about school. Part 3 (para. 17-20 ) about: Walking out of the school, he found time had changed everything.
Book 1 Unit3 1.prefer vt 更喜欢，选择某物（而不选其他） ①prefer A/doing to B/doing 更喜欢A…比起B ②prefer to do rather than do 宁愿干…而不愿意干 ③prefer sb to do sth宁愿让某人干某事 ④preference n 偏爱，最喜欢的东西 I much 猫和狗之间我更喜欢狗。 他更喜欢读书胜过玩。 He prefers reading .= He prefers to 2.fare(公共汽车，火车，出租车等的)车费，（飞机等的）票价 ①a bus/taxi fare 公共汽车费、出租车费 ② an air fare 飞机票价 ③ travel at half/full fare 半价、全价旅行 辨析fare 与fee fare 指乘坐公共汽车、轮船、出租车等的交通工具费用。 fee 常用复数fees，指①给律师、医生等的专业人员的服务费、酬金②报名费entry fee ③（加入俱乐部）会费entrance fee If you want to join, there is of $20入会需缴会费20美元。 3.reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的 ①rely vi 依靠，依赖 ②rely on sb/sth 依靠某人/某物 ③rely on sb to do sth依靠某人做某事 You can you.你尽管信赖我，我一定会帮你。 4.view ①[c]观点，看法②[c]风景，景色③[u]视野④vt 观看；看待 拓展①in one’s view=in one’s opinion 据某人看来 ②in view of鉴于，考虑到，由于 ③in view 可以看到，在看得见的范围内反义词看不见，不在视野之内 ④come into view 进入视野 ⑤view作“景色”解时指从某一特定角度所看到的景色，尤指从高处或远处。have/get a good view of ，she is a fool.依我看，他是一个傻瓜 There was no shelter .举目四望，看不到可以栖身的地方。 This hotel has a very good location. You can have a good from here. 5.ever since 从那以后（至今），常与现在完成时态连用。 since 可作介词、连词或副词，所以其后可加时间名词、从句或单独使用。常与现在完成时态连用 I want to see how much he has changed . 我想看看自从上次看见他后，他的变化有多大。 She left school three years ago and as a nurse . She as a nurse three years ago. She as a nurse she school three years ago. 她三年前毕业，从那时起便一直当护士。 拓展It is / has been +时间段+since从句，若从句谓语为瞬间动词，意为“自从…至今已经多久了”。若从句谓语为持续性动词，意为“自不…至今已经多久了”。 It’s five years since I started the project. It’s five years since I worked in the factory.
Unit 1 Personal Relationships 1. Preparation (Period 1& 2) Background Information All of us are involved in personal relationships. Some of these are related to family, some with fellow students or workers, and others of a variety of types. Most of these are happy, positive relationships, but not all of them. To have a positive relationship a person must invest time and interest in the other persons with whom he is associated. We all understand that our feelings and interest in other persons depend somewhat on what we have in common. Good relationships are usually valued because people who have good relationships are happier and more fun to be with. 1.1 What kinds of relationship are you involved everyday? Can you complete the pairs of words about personal relationships? parent —host — husband —boyfriend — teacher —clerk — doctor —driver — employer —buyer — writer —performer — lawyer —director — policeman —interviewer — Eg: twins, family, couple, cousin, sisters, colleagues, leaders and audience sisters and brothers, lovers, friends, neighbors, colleagues, schoolmates, fellow workers,… Are they important for your daily life or study? Why? List one example and explain it. 1.2 Of all the relationships, which one do you think is easier to be established at the beginning of your college life? Why? A Story Listen to a short story and complete the following sentences: 1. The story took place at the time of ______________________________________. 2. The relationship between the woman and the little boy is _________. 3. The woman led the little boy into the store because ______________________________. 4. The woman bought the boy______________________________. 5. ―Are you God…‖ here means ____________. 原文: They came back outside into the street and the woman said to the child, ―Now you can go home and have a very happy holiday.‖ The little boy looked up at her and asked, ―Are you God, Ma’am?‖ She smiled down at him and replied, ―No, son, I’m just one of his children.‖ The little boy then said, ―I knew you had to be a relative of God.‖