非谓语动词
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A. 类型
B.功能
1.不定式→主语、表语、宾语、补语、
定语、状语
2.分词→表语、定语、状语和补语
3.动名词→主语、表语、定语和宾语
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基本特点：
☆做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。☆它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。
☆不受主语的人称和数的限制。
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不定式
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2.1 作宾语
只能加+ to do
aim, agree, arrange, ask, afford, apply, attempt, beg,
claim, choose, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine,
elect, endeavor, bother, care, fail, decline, guarantee,
happen, hesitate, hope, hurry, long, manage, offer, pretend,
plan, plot, premise, presume, proceed, refuse, request,
resolve, seek, strive, tend, threaten, undertake, etc.
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不定式的时态
主动形式被动形式一般式to do to be done
完成式to have done to have been done
进行式to be doing
完成进行式to have been doing
●不定式的一般式
●不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或是在其后发生的。例如：● Thousands of young people are learning to ski． (同时)
● Where can we get some sickles to cut the rice with?我们到哪儿去弄些镰刀割
稻’呢?
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●The Minister of Finance is believed _____of imposing new taxes to raise extra
revenue. (2004--48)
● A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking
● C. that he is to think D. to think
●
●答案：B
●试题分析：本题考查的是非谓语动词的用法。详细解答：用动词不定式的现在进行时：
to be doing，意为“正在考虑”。
B
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●不定式的进行式
● 1. 不定式的进行式强调其所表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进
行。
●He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.
●He is said to write a preface to the book. (He will write)
●He is said to be writing a preface to the book. (He is writing)
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● 2. 不定式的完成进行式强调其所表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生之前
发生，而且一直进行。
●She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.
●He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years. 他看上去很
年轻，不像是已经出版了六年书的人。
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不定式的完成式
● 1. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, wanted, promised, planned, wished,
thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，计划或期待等。也可用来表示先于谓语动词发生动作或状态，to have +过去分词表示动作，to have been 表示状态。
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●I intended to have come to see you. (我本打算来看你的)
●He was to have fetched you here．他本该去把你带来的。
●She has to have passed Advanced Level in two subjects before she goes to
university. (必先通过……，才能)
●You are lucky to have won the girl’s heart．(You have won．．．)
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● 2.用在seem, appear, think, consider, believe 等后，不定式的完成式所表示的动
作（状态）发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前，它一般强调事情的完成或结果。
●Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn’t seem to have received much
education.
●He was believed to have been a reporter.
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● 3. 在should/would like或should/would have liked后用不定式完成式表示没有实
现的愿望。
●I should like to have gone with her. (但没有去)
●I should have liked to have seen her face when she read the letter. (我真想
见到她读信时的表情。)
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● 1. AIDS is said __ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past
few years in that region. (2002--46)
●being B. to be
● C. to have been D. having been
●答案：C
●由句中的时间状语“over the past few years”可知动作发生在谓语动作之前,故应
用不定式的完成式作宾语。
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● 2. Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research
in the past year. (1999--43)
●having made B. making
● C. to have made D. to make
●答案：C
●当动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应用不定式的完成时表示。本句中的Professor Johnson
去年的研究取得重大进展先于谓语动词“据说”之前，故应用动词不定式的完成式
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● 3. At three o’clock this morning, I seemed _____ someone scream in the street.
(1990--39)
●hearing B. having heard
● C. to have heard D. to hear
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练习
● 1. The Vikings are believed______ America.
● A. to have discovered
● B. in discovering
● C. to discover
● D. to have been discovered
●答案： A
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● 2. The students were to_____ at the auditorium before 1:30 p. m. , but the
lecture was cancelled at the last minute.
● A. assembled B. have assembled
● C. assembling D. be assembled
●答案：B
● 3. He was to____ the new ambassador, but he fell ill.
● A. having telephoned B. have telephoned
● C. has telephoned D. telephoning
●答案：B
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be+动词不定式
1. 表示最近，未来的计划或安排（相当于be going to）
You are to see him today at six o’clock.
2. 表示该做或不该做的事（相当于should/must/ought to/have to等）。
You are to explain this.
3. 表示能不能发生的事（相当于can/may等）
Similar conditions are to be found in all other Latin American countries.
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● 4. 表示不可避免将要发生的事。
● e.g. They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.
● 5. 用于条件从句，表示如果……想，设想（相当于if…should, 或if…want）。
● e.g. If we are to be there in time, we’ll have to hurry up.
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●I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother's illness interfered.
I hope you will excuse me. (1993--54)
● A. am to have finished
● B. was to have finished
● C. was to finish
● D. ought to finish
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动词＋疑问句+带to的不定式
●用于此结构的常见动词：advise consider decide discuss explain find out
forget hear inquire know learn regard remember see settle show teach tell think understand wonder
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Please show me how to do that.(做宾语)
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.（做主语）
The problem is how to get there in time.（做表语）
I had no idea which to read first.（做名词同位语）
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●The Clarks haven't decided yet which hotel____. (1998--49)
● A. to stay B. is to stay
● C. to stay at D. is for staying
●答案：C
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不定式的特殊句型
● 1. such as to, such…as to, so…as to表程度
● His story was such as to deceive everyone.
● It was such an accident as to claim 20 lives.
● Who could be so mean as to do a thing like that?
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● 2. so as (not) to, only to, in order to, so (such)… as to…(如此…以便…)
表目的
● We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests.
● He kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
● I come here only to say goodbye to you.
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1 His remarks were _____ annoy everybody at the meeting. (2005--53)
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. such to
D. as much as to
答案：B
2 His strong sense of humor was____ make everyone in the room burst out laughing. (1998--50)
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. so that
D. such that
答案：B
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● 3. too…to…结构:
●1) 太…以至于…
●2) 当too前面有only, all, but时，意思是“非常”，too等于very。
● e.g. He was but too eager to get home.
●3) 当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时，too等于very。
● e.g. He is too wise not to see that.
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●4) 当too后是glad, pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied, ready, willing, kind,
apt, good, true, east, near, careful, well, early, delicious, eager, anxious 等形容词或副词时，too等于very。
●They are too ready to help others.
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●5) too与cannot连用，表示无止境。
● e.g. You cannot be too careful.越仔细越好。无论怎么仔细也不过分
●6) 当不定式在句中做定语或真正的主语时，表示so (many/much)。
● e.g. There are too many problems to be solved.
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● 4 only to +动词原形（不料竟会……，没想到会……）表示不好的结果。
● e.g. They hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
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●The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring
country, _____ by the police each time. (1999-42)
● A. had been captured
● B. being always captured
● C. only to be captured
● D. unfortunately captured
●答案：C
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动词不定式的复合结构
● 1. 强调不定式的行为属性，可用“It is +形容词＋for somebody+不定式”句型。静
态形容词多用于此句型。
●Easy difficult hard important possible impossible better necessary
comfortable not enough essential the first the next the last the best too much too little
● e.g. It was very difficult for me to learn Spanish.
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●间或也可用“for + there to be”表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)
● e.g. It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.
● e.g. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem？
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● 2. 强调任务的性格和特征，则用“It is +形容词＋of somebody+不定式”句型。动
态形容词多用于此句型。
●Kind nice stupid rude clever thoughtful brave considerate silly
selfish careless impolite good naughty bold honest sensible wrong right bad
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●The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ____ for that.
(2003--47)
● A. for us to be prepared
● B. that we are prepared
● C. of us to be prepared
● D. our being prepared
●答案：A
●在类似essential, necessary之类的形容词后面，句子的动词形式为 (should)+动
词原形。故选项B不对。而essential 后面一般跟to/for,
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省略TO 的动词不定式
1在情态成语之后
在would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon (宁愿), may/might (just) as well (不妨，可以), cannot but/ cannot help but (不能不，不由得不)之后，接不带to不定式。
I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
I’d sooner stay at home.
I would as soon do it by myself.
Since it’s a fine day we might as well walk.
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
I would just as soon stay as go. ？
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Note: 在否定句中，not放在would rather, had better后，但在否定疑问句中，not放在had, would 后。
I would rather not drink anything.
Hadn’t you better make haste?
Had I not better do it tomorrow?
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●That man has a bad reputation. You_____ anything to do with him. (1991--10) ● A. had better not have
● B. have better have
● C. have better not have
● D. had better not to have
●答案：A
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●在介词except /but 之后
●如果except/but之前有动词do的某种形式，
●其后通常用不带to的不定式，否则带to。
●如果主语是由all, what等词引导的从句，或
●者是主语受only, first, one, least或形容词最高
●级修饰，主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式，
●则作主语补语的不定式也是既可带to，也可不
●带to。
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They did nothing except work.
There’s no choice but to wait.
What he will do is to spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is to complete the form.
The only thing I can do now is to go on by myself.
The thing to do now is to clear up this mess.
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3 在“why.../ why not...?”之后
Why…表示不满，或者是委婉的批评；
why not…表示建议，二者都不带to
Why argue with him?
Why not give Mary some flowers?
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●_______ him tomorrow? (2001--43)
●Why not to call on
● B. Why don't call on
● C. Why not calling on
● D. Why not call on
●答案：D
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●必须带to的特殊情况
● 1. know better than后的不定式必须加to
● e.g. He knows better than to lend her the money. 他很明智，不会把钱借给她。
●He knew better than to argue with such a rascal.
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● 2. “比较级+名词+than”后的不定式要加to
● e.g. She had more sense than to be deceived by him.她有理智，不会上当。
●He has a better heart than to betray his country. 他有良心，不会叛国。
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动名词
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●只能加+doing
acknowledge, admit, advise, advocate, allow, appreciate,
anticipate, avoid, can’t help, comprehend, confess,
consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest,
dispute, endure, enjoy, escape, evade, fancy, favor,
grudge, hinder, imagine, include, involve, justify, mind,
object to, pardon, permit, postpone, prevent, quit, recall,
resent, risk, resist, suggest, tolerate, etc.
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动名词时态和语态意义
主动语态被动语态一般式doing being done
完成式having done having been done
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动名词的时态
●动名词和不定式一样，没有独立的绝对的时态意义，其时态意义从属于句中谓语动词
的时态。
●一般式：表明动名词动作与谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生, 或表示一般情况。使用
doing.
●Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
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●完成式: 表明动名词动作在谓语动作前发生, 使用having done.
●He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.
●His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.
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●I never regretted ____ offer, for it was not where my interest lay. (1993-53) ● A. not to accept
● B. not having accepted
● C. having not accepted
● D. not accepting
●答案：B
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动名词的语态
●被动式:表明动名词的逻辑主语是该动作的承受者
●He did it without being asked.
●They insisted on being given the task.
●Being taken advantage of is not a good thing.
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●但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require, repay, bear, take需要，brook忍受，
stand等表示“需要、值得、忍受”等动词及形容词worth后, 尽管表示的是被动的意思, 却用动名词的主动形式.
●My pen needs filling.
●The point deserves mentioning.
●This problem requires studying with great care.
●Her method is worth trying.
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●在need, want后用主动态动名词表示被动意义，与用被动态的不定式意义并无差
别，但以用动名词较为普遍。
●The door is cracking. It needs oiling / to be oiled.
●The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned.
●require, deserve也能这样用，但不及need, want普通。
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动名词的复合结构
●如动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动作的主语，则需有自己的逻辑主语。
●两种形式：
●1)人称代词所有格+动名词
●He insisted on my going with him to the party.
●Compare: Tom insisted on going with them.
● Tom insisted on my going with them.
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●2)名词所有格+动名词
●She dislikes her husband’s coming back home late.
●Compare: He hates working late.
● He hates his wife's working late.
●若动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语相同，则不应再有主语。
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● 1 Though her father never approved of __ to drama school, she became a well-known
actress. (1991--16)
● A. going B. her to go C. her going D. her go
●答案：C
● 2 She regrets ____ idle when young.
● a. to have been b. her being c. her having
d. having been
●答案： D
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动名词和不定式的比较
●1）动名词通常是泛指；不定式通常是特指。
●2）动名词通常指持续、反复的动作；不定式通常指一时、一次的动作。
●3）动名词通常用于书面语；不定式则倾向口语。
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● 4）动名词和不定式都可以作主语和表语。一般来说，在表示抽象的、一般的行为时，
多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。
●It’s no use crying over spilt milk. （抽象动作）
●His mother had advised him, however, that it was no use to argue with Selma.
（具体动作）
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Spitting everywhere is not polite.
（指抽象动作, 泛指）
随地吐痰是不礼貌的
（指具体的一次动作）
To spit here will be punished
在这里吐痰要受惩罚。
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●5）在It’s no use (good)，it’s useless后面常用动名词作主语。
●Her present job is teaching music. = Teaching music is her… (泛指)
●To teach music to Grade One is her present job. =Her present job is to teach …
(特指)
●It’s difficult for him to finish the job in a week.
●It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
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分词
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分词的形式
现在分词表示主动的意义；表示一般性的或正在进行的动作；在表面形式上有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分。
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。
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态主动态被动态
式
一般式1.being
2.doing being done
完成式having done having been
done
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过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别
●现在分词的被动形式是being done，表示某一动作在讲话时下在发生，或与谓语动作
同时发生。
●You will find the matter being talked about all over the town.
●而过去分词表示的意义除了被动以外，还表示这个动作已经完成。如
The patient operated on yesterday is a famous scientist.
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● 1. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment,
he saw a rope ladder ______ out and three men climbing down it. (1995--52) ● A. throwing
● B. being thrown
● C. having thrown
● D. having been thrown
●答案：B
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● 2. Mr. Brown had the report _____as soon as he finished _____ it. (1990--33) ● A. to be typed, to write
● B. typed, to write
● C. being typed, writing
● D. typed, writing
●答案：D
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分词和不定式作宾语补足语时的区别
●在look at，listen to, feel，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等动词后可以
用不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语，意义差别不大。现在分词强调动作正在发生、还未结束;不定式说明动作的全过程。
●Did you hear someone knocking at the door?你刚才听到有人敲门吗?
●Yes I did. I heard him knock three times.是的，我听到他敲了三下.
●注意：find后面用分词(现在分词和过去分词)作宾补，不用不定式。如：
●正：I found him lying on the ground.
●误：I found him lie on the ground.
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●分词作状语
●1.表时间
●e.g.H e a r i n g t h e n e w s,w e i m m e d i a t e l y s e t o f f f o r L o n d o n.
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●分词作状语表时间时的位置
●A.相当于w h e n引导的从句这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分。
●H e a r i n g t h e n e w s,w e i m m e d i a t e l y s e t o f f f o r B e i j i n g．(W h e n w e h e a r d t h e n e w s，
w e…)
●W h e n l e a v i n g t h e a i r p o r t，w e w a v e d a g a i n a n d a g a i n t o h i m.
●B.也可放在主语后或句尾，放在句尾时表示强调。
●I l i s t e n e d t o t h e m u s i c f o r a w h i l e，h a v i n g w r i t t e n a n i m p o r t a n t l e t t e r．
●H e，h a v i n g f i n i s h e d h i s h o m e w o r k，g o e s t o b e d．
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● C. 如果分词表示的动作紧接着谓语动作之后发生，分词应放在句尾。
●She opened the door，greeting her guests．
●He sat down，listening to their talk．
● D. 如果分词表示的动作先发生，谓语动词动作紧接着发生，分词短语应放在句首，
不能放在句尾。
●They stopped talking，hearing a strange sound．(错)
●Hearing a strange sound，they stopped talking．(对)
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● 2. 表原因,相当于as, since, because引导的从句
●Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work as well.
● 3. 表方式或伴随
●She was sitting in an armchair reading a book.
●They all returned to the village convinced that the danger was over.
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● 4. 表条件，相当于if, unless等引导的从句
●Given another chance, he will do it much better.
● 5. 表结果，相当于so that引导的从句
●The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.
● 6. 表让步，相当于though, even if引导的从句
● e.g. Granting his honesty, we still can’t employ him.
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1. ______ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn't seem so gloomy. (2000--51)
A. Looking
B. Looked
C. Having looked
D. To look
答案：B
2. ______ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field. (1998--51)
A. Giving
B. To give
C. Given
D. Being given
答案：C
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3. ______ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player. (1996--42)
A. Having
B. Given
C. Giving
D. Had
答案：B
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与此类似的有：
●Considering(考虑到）…
●judging from, seeing that… ( 鉴于、由于）
●generally speaking/
●frankly/strictly speaking
●following this ….( 在…之后)
●taking all into consideration（从各方面考虑）…
●talking of（谈到）
●taken … as a whole…（从整体上看）…
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Talking of cleaning, it’s about time you did
the windows , isn’t it?
Considering his age, the little boy reads very
well.
Following this, 60,000 Indians, including
Gandhi, were put in prison.
Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong.
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4. ______, he was chosen and trained as a professional swimmer. (1991--20)
A. He was born and raised in a fishing village
B. Born and raised in a fishing village
C. That he was born and raised in a fishing village
D. In addition to he was born and raised in a fishing village
答案：B
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作状语的分词短语前的连词
●分词短语作状语时，有时前面可以加一个连词，表示强调或出于表达的需要。常用的
连词有：when, while, after, before, if, though, whether…or…, unless, as if 等
● e.g. After taking the medicine, he felt better.
● e.g. The soldier walked very slowly as if having been wounded.
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●如果这些连词后的分词是being或含有being，则being可以省略。
● e.g. While (being) at school, she began to write the novel.
●If (being) well read, the book will give you much to think.
● e.g. Jack, (being) in a bad mood, did nothing yesterday.
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1. _____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
A) Having believed B) Believing
C) Believed D) Being believed
答案：B
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2. _____ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)
A) Being published B) Published
C) Publishing D) To be published
答案：B
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非谓语动词历年真题
幻灯片85
1. _______is not a serious disadvantage in life.
a. To be not tall
b. Not to be tall
c. Being not tall
d. Not being tall 2001
答案：D
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2. ______, he can now only watch it on TV at home.
a. Obtaining not a ticket for the match
b. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
c. Not having obtained a ticket for the match
d. Not obtained a ticket for the match 1998
答案：C
“没搞到票”发生在“看电视转播”之前，故应用分词的完成式。现在分词短语位于句首时经常表示原因。句中的分词用的是否定式，not应放分词前面
幻灯片87
3. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals ____ in Africa.
a. hunted
b. hunting
c. that hunted
d. are hunted 1996
答案：A
4. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid______.
a. from being beaten
b. being beaten
c. beating
d. to be beaten 1996
答案：B
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5. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______insufficiently poplar with all members.
a. having considered
b. was considered
c. was being considered
d. being considered 1996
答案：D
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6. He resented ______to wait. He expected the minister ______ him at once.
a. to be asked, to see
b. being asked, to see
c. to be asked, seeing
d. being asked, seeing 1995
答案：B
7. This missile is designed so that once _____nothing can be done to retrieve it.
a. fired
b. being fired
c. they fired
d. having fired 1995
答案：A
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8. Arriving at the bus stop, _____waiting there.
a. a lot of people were
b. he found a lot of people
c. a lot of people
d. people were found 1994
答案：B
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9. _____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.
a. Not received
b. Since receiving
c. Having received
d. Not having received 1994
答案：D
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
一、选择题 1．—It’s too hot. Would you mind my________ the window? — ________, please do it now. A．to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea 2．—________is the boy using his mobile phone________? —________for information. A．Why; / ; Search B．Why; for; To search C．What; for; Searching D．What; for; To search 3．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 4．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 5．When he saw the photo, he couldn’t stop ________ her stay in London. A．think of B．to think of C．thought of D．thinking of 6．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 7．My mom wants________a new Jacket________me. A．to buy;to B．to buy: for C．buy; for 8．We should do what we can _________ animals in danger. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved 9．I used to . But now I get used to doing everything. I’m successful at last. A．give up; keeping B．giving up; keeping C．giving up; keep D．give up; keep 10．_____ the environment is important for human beings. A．Take care of B．Taking care of C．Took care of D．Take the care of 11．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 12．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 13．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay
考点15非谓语动词 高考频度：★★★★★【命题解读】 非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。 【命题预测】 预测2018年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中考查的份额很重。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本用法和含义； 2. 掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态； 3. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能； 4. 掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。 非谓语动词的形式和意义
考向一非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 ?To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 (2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 ?We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)作原因状语 ①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。?We’re proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。 ②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ?The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 1.(2017·北京卷)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
一、选择题 1．—Let's think about _______ A Bite of China tonight? —That sounds good! A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watches 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 4．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 5．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 6．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 7．— Mr. Wang, I have trouble __________ the text. — Remember __________ it three times at least. A．to understand；reading B．understanding；to read C．understanding；reading D．to understand；to read 8．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 10．It usually takes him half an hour ________ the homework. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．I don’t know how________there. I need to look at the map.
一、选择题 1．We should do everything we can________the endangered birds. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 2．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 3．When he saw the photo, he couldn’t stop ________ her stay in London. A．think of B．to think of C．thought of D．thinking of 4．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 5．She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the death of her grandmother. A．cry B．to cry C．crying D．to crying 6．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 7．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 8．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 9．We should try our best to prevent the air pollution________. A．from living a better life B．to live a better life C．live a better life D．lives a better life 10．I saw a little boy ________on the road. A．lie B．lying C．lied 11．—What about_____________? —That’s a good idea, A．go shopping B．going shop C．going shopping D．go to shop 12．—It’s too hot. Would you mind my________ the window? — ________, please do it now. A．to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea 13．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 14．(2016·老河口期考)—What did the guard say to you just now? —He warned us_______any farther. There's danger ahead. A．didn't walk B．not to walk C．walk D．to walk 15．Thanks for ________ me with my English.
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
非谓语动词 1（湖南省湘潭市外国语学校2010届高三第二次月考）Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them ____ from colonial days. A. was dated B. is dated C. is dating D. dating 2（浙江省金华一中2010届高三9月月考）Do I have to take all this medicine? It _______ so terrible. A. tastes B. is tasting C. is tasted D. has tasted 3（重庆市合川太和中学2010届高三第二次月考）___________ in the countryside made Mr. Wilson very hardworking when he was still young. A. Bringing up B. Being brought up C. Having brought up D. Brought up 4（广西柳州市第一中学2010届高三第一次模拟考试）A good knowledge of English is helpful if you are devoted to _______English literature. A．be studied B．study C．studied D．studying 5（江西省吉安一中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）April 12, 1846, was chosen as the day when all should be ready to start. We left _______with a group of 45 wagons. A. to travel B. travelled C. travelling D. travel 6（江西省师大附中2010届高三10月月考）This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ____. A. leaving untreated B. left untreated C. leaving to be untreated D. left untreating 7（山东省枣庄市第五中学2010届高三9月调研考试）——Would you like to help me clean my house now? ——Sorry, I can’t help _________ your house because I’m busy repairing mw bike? A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 8（河南省睢县高级中学2010届高三第一次月考）The comments the expert made ______ stock-market bothered him greatly, ______ him not fall asleep all night. A. be concerned, which made B. concerned, making C. concerning, making D. to be concerning, made 9（湖南省岳阳市一中2010届高三第二次月考）______as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. A. Being published B. Publishing C. Published D. To be published 10（山东省郓城一中2010届高三第一次诊断检测）Even today I still remember the great fun we had _____ games on the beach in those happy days. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 11（四川省绵阳南山中学2010届高三10月月考）The man lay under a tree eating something, and seeing a dog running to him, ______ up in no time. A. to stand B. stood C. standing D. would stand 12（浙江省温州市十校联合体2010届高三上学期期初联考）The tall waterfalls and green mountains are a splendid sight when ______ from the valley bottom. A. viewing B. viewing them C. viewed D. view 13（安徽省安庆市示范高中2010届高三四校联考）I won’t go to his birthday without _______. A. inviting B. being inviting C. invited D. to be invited 14（江西省南昌二中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）Charlie stood on the top of the mountain,
非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay 延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受
worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.
非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．
非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词） 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等