Beowulf the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons
The Ballad:Aballed is a story told in https://www.doczj.com/doc/d710827927.html,ually in 4-line stanzas,with the second and fourth lines rhymed.They mainly the literature of peasants,and in them
one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in
feudal society.
Heroic couplet: a verse unit consisting of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter Romance:the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance.the theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized
in romance.
Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages.
(1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland
(2):the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy.
(3):the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain ,Launcelot, Merlin , the death of King Arthur.
Geoffrey Chaucer the founder of English poetry
His career can be divided into several periods
1. French 1360-1370 translate French poetry
2. Italian 1372-1386
3. English The Canterbury tales
The Canterbury Tales Chivalrous values:Honor,loyalty,chastity
?Structural device: a pilgrimage to Canterbury, which enables him to show people from all
walks of life, a cross-section of the society
?Uniqueness: a fascinating accord between the narrators and the tales, the characters
grow and are revealed by the stores (in the works of the writers before him, the relationship between the story tellers and the tales they tell is haphazard) Elizabethan age
Renaissance
Humanism:admire human beauty and human achievement
Sonnet
Blank verse
Spenserian stanza
The Renaissance, which means “rebirth” or “revival’, is actually an intellectual movement with a thirsting curiosity for classical literature and the keen interest in the activities of humanity.It aims to get rid of conservation in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie.
During the Renaissance, Thomas Wyatt was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry.
Wiliam Shakespeare
?Hamlet
?The merchant of venice
?Sonnet 18
?The sonnet form: A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic
pentameter .A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.
?Type:
a.The Italian sonnet, or Petrarch sonnet, consist of a octave(8-line stanza) and
sestet(6-line stanza), rhymed abba abba cde cde. 意大利式或彼特拉克式 由前8
行 octave 和后6行 sestet 两部分组成 尾韵形式分为abba,abba或
abab,abab和cde,cde或cd,cd,cd.
b.Spenserian sonnet consists of three quatrains and a couplet, rhymed abab bcbc
cdcd ee. 斯宾塞式 由3个四行诗节和一个两行诗节组成 尾韵形式为abab
bcbc cdcd ee。
c.The english sonnet, or Shakespearean sonnet, consists of three quatrains and
couplet rhymed abab cdcd efef gg. 英国或莎士比亚式 由三个四行诗节和一个两
行诗节组成 尾韵形式为abab cdcd efef gg
Sidney a court poetry;an ideal courtier frist person wrriten pastoral literature in
England ,written apology for poetry is one of the earliest English literary essays,written sonnet. Edmund Spenser poet’s poet
?Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic
pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. a 9-line stanza rhymed ababbcbcc,
in which the first eight lines are in iambic pentameter while the ninth in iambic
hexameter.
?The Fairy Queen epic poem
?Sonnet34,75
The 17th century
文学/作品风格：（1）Cavalier poet-Ben Jonson (2)Puritan Writer-Milton (3)Metaphysical Writer-Donne
.Francis Bacon father of science 科学之父First English essayist 第一位随笔作家The founder of English materialist philosophy唯物主义哲学开拓者
代表作：Essay 《随笔》----of studies
John Donne the metaphysical poet;founder of the metaphysical school of poetry.by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form
?三J都是metaphysical poet吗？？John Milton three epic
?Paradise Lost write by blank verse,plots come from old testament;“Satan is not a
villan”
?Samson Agonistes poetical drama
John Bunyan Puritan poet ;t he
?philgrim’s progress prose “written in old-fasioned,medieval from of
allegory and dream”
The 18th century
the enlightenersm:an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism
The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动
1特点、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope. 强调正确的格式和写作规范 像艾迪生一样创作散文 和蒲柏
一样创作诗歌。
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive
class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. 启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产
阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。
2、18th century 文学的三个方面
Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小
Classicism ,revival of romantic poetry,beginning of the modern novel
Backgrand :
Sentimentalism:Bitter discontent with social reality, sympathy for the poverty-stricken, expropriated peasants;no belief
The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of the 18th century English literature.
Anlexander Pope most important English poet in the first half of the 18th century, a master of the heroic couplet
Daniel Defoe the founder of realistic novel.“the pioneer novelist of England”
?Robinson Crusoe
Henry Fielding father of modern fiction
?The history of tom jones,a foundling-------the best novel of him
Jonathan Swift a master satirist;irony
?Gulliver’s Travels
Thomas Gray a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets; 新古典主义代表人物neo-classicism
Sentimentalism 感伤主义no belief 没有信仰
?Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
The Romantic period
Liberty, equality, and fraternity
William Wordsworth The Lake Poets
《The Prelude》序曲自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry 浪漫主义开始的标志 《Lyrical Ballads》从威廉.华兹华斯发表的" 抒情歌谣"
作品特点 simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的
?Line
?With the publication of william Wordsworth’s__ Lyrical Ballads __in
collaboration with S.T Coleridge, Romanticism began to bloom and found a
firm place in the history of English literatare.
George Gordon ,Lord Byron
?“Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against
tyrannical rules or moral principles.
?Don Juan
Percy Bysshe Shelley
?Ode to the West Wind
John keats
?Ode to a Nightingale
?Ode on Grecian Urn
“Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the
transience of human passion.
Walter Scott Father of history novels;
Romanticism extended from 1798 when The Lyrical Ballads was published and in 1832 when (Walter) Scott died.
Jane Austen
?Pride and Prejudice
The Victorian age
Victorian temper: earnestness, moral responsibility, domestic propriety
The Rise of Critical Realism in England
The most important poet of the victoria Age was Tennyson, Next to him, were Robert Browning and his wife.
Aestheticism
Charles Dickens critical realist writer
?Oliver Twist
WiiliamMake peace Thackeray
?Vanity fair, the name is an excerpt from
Bunyan
George Eliot
?Adam Bede
?The Mill on the Floss:articulates the tension between circumstances and
the spiritual energies of individual characters struggling against those
circumstances.
Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte
?Jane eyre
Alfred ,Lord Tennyson Poet Laureate
?Break ,Break, Break
Robert Browning In hi s hands, “dramatic monologue” reaches its maturity and perfection.My Last Duchess
Dramatic monologue: there is usually an implied listener. The purpose of
the monologue is not to make a statement, instead, is to develop the
character of the speaker.
Twentieth Century Literature
Thomas Hardy Wessex novels; novels of character and environment）The writer who figured his hometown—the Wessex country in his works is _(Thomas) Hardy. “Dubliners” is a collection of short stories written by James Joyce in the writing style of stream of consciousness.
Dorian Gray was the main character in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray written by (Oscar) Wilde
In the “The Idylls of the King”, the poet Alfred Tennyson painted the first English hero, King Arthur , and gave a new meaning to the legends about the knights of the Round Table.
“Euphues” was written by John Lyly, the style of the novel was called “Euphuism”. The most famous dramatist in the 18th century is R. Brinsley Sheridan, who is famous for “The School for Scandal”.
Among the pioneers先驱of the 18th century novelists were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding and Laurence Sterne.
The greatest Scottish poet in the pre-romanticism is Robert Burns.
What is the theme of “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”?
. What is the theme of “Go and Catch a Falling Star”?
Oedipus Complex
stream-of-consciousness
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
《英国文学选读》课程基本信息 课程发展的历史沿革 南京大学英国文学教学和研究历史悠久，基础厚实。 早在80年代，范存忠先生出版了《英国文学史提纲》，陈嘉先生编写的英文版《英国文学史》和《英国文学选读》获国家教委全国高等学校优秀教材奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英美小说》1995年获全国高校外国文学教学研究会首届优秀教材 奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》由北京高等教育出版社于2001年出版，列入面向21世纪课程教材、普通高等教育九五国家级重点教材”并作为英语专业系列教材”之一， 获2002年全国普通高等学校优秀教材一等奖。该教材修订版已列入普通高等教育十五国家 级教材规划选题” 2001年王守仁教授主持的英国文学网络课程作为教育部新世纪网络课程建设工程”项 目正式立项，获经费12万元。 2003年4月，英国文学网络课程在北京通过专家组质量认证。 f ---------------- 探教学内容 英国文学课程精选英国文学史上重要作家的名篇，包括莎士比亚、培根、华兹华斯、狄 更斯、哈代、艾略特、乔伊斯、劳伦斯等经典作家的名著以及当代作家的作品，题材涵盖小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文，教学内容全面系统，较好地体现了专业课程的基础性、先进性和前沿性。英国文学课程确立以文学作品为中心，采用读写议相结合的教学方式，注重培养学生的分析能力、思辩能力和语言表达能力，体现了素质教育的特点。通过对本课程的学习，学 生可以在教师的指导下阅读英语文学作品原著，理解英国文学与文化，提高文学批评鉴赏能 力和英语水平。 €--------------- la 探教学条件 英国文学课程以王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》为基本教材，充分发挥网络技术的 优势，基于课堂与网络，实行开放式教学。南京大学具备运行机制良好的硬件环境，开发的英国文学网络课件已从2002年春季学期起投入使用。英国文学网络课件以Web页面的形式 呈现教学内容，通过ASP技术，动态生成学习单元，每单元包括作者简介、背景介绍、作品赏析、作品选读和注释以及作家的相关网址，同时还配有相关评论、图片和名言。课件具有
英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初） 相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪
英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.
浅谈比较文学论文范文 摘要：“语言”和“文学”这两个术语是韦斯坦因视为决定学科独立与否的关键性词汇，“语言”和“文学”将比较文学集成为立体浑成的有机体，既有历时的发展脉络，也有共时的彼此观照，呈现出稳定中的变化、变化中的稳定色彩。 关键词：比较文学;语言 一、“文学”之维和“语言”一样 “文学”/“文学性”也是韦斯坦因确立比较文学研究对象的重要一环。在完成了什么算是“比较的”文学的回答之后，对于什么样的文学可以进入比较文学研究，韦斯坦因也作了深入细致的探讨。在韦斯坦因看来，“文学”/“文学性”也和“语言”一样，有着丰饶的立体构成和深邃的理论价值，它既指文学和比较文学研究的对象范畴，也指研究对象所具有的美学价值和学术价值。在其重要理论著作《比较文学与文学理论》中，韦斯坦因对“文学”作了言简意赅的探讨:在英语和法语中，“文学”一词原来是“学 问”learning或者“博学”eruditi on的意思。例如，伏尔泰谈到夏普兰时，就说他有“渊博的学问”une littérature immense。直到18 世纪，研究的焦点才从主观的人转到了客观的作品上。但即便在这一较晚的发展阶段，文学所包括的还是所有出版物，不管它们在实质上是什么类型的作品在英、法、德诸语言中，“文学”常常用来指那些非文学的作品。 在 18 世纪，非功利的作品常常被称为“诗”poesy或诗类。直到 19 世纪，才将实用性作品与非实用性作品作了系统的区分。只有当这种区分获得了普遍性的时候，“文学”才获得其真正的含义。正如西蒙?格诺在《七星百科辞典》的序言中告诉我们的，“在搞技术的人们逐渐把他们的专业提到科学这一高度”的时代，“文学是与功能性地使用书面语言完全不同的写作方式”。但我们不应忘记，直到世纪之交，诺贝尔文学奖还多次授予那些杰出的自然科学家和哲学家呢。由上，韦斯坦因总结，文学可分为“科学的”和“美学的”两部分里面也有像科幻小说这种属于两可的情况，但是，因为有诸如历史小说、散文、日记、自传等杂交类型的出现，这一领域往往不能划出准确的界限。他说:“从理论上讲，如果希望充分考虑文学研究，就应当限制研究非文学现象，而集中探讨文学现象。但在实际研究中，不可避免地要把研究的范围扩展到文学界限之外。” 韦斯坦因主张一种“收”与“放”两相结合的“文学”研究。所谓“收”，是指他对“文学”范围的考察和规范，他所强调的立基于文学基础上的比较研究，他的“文学”研究所指，乃为出色的语言艺术品和文学性相结合的作品，而非一切文字作品，韦斯坦因和韦勒克一样，强调文学艺术品的美学价值，他说:“文学研究如果降格成为材料的堆砌，它就丧失了尊严，因为不再判断其美学价值了。”所以他认为，研究莎士比亚戏剧的历史渊源，应该是英国文学史家和批评家关注的题目;研究《高老头》中金钱的作用，则是传奇学者和经济史学家感兴趣的题目。此外，他将尼采定位为“诗人”，认为他可以进入文
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
《英国文学史及选读》课程教学大纲 一．课程基本情况： 1．编号：01015065, 01015096 (翻译方向)； 02015055,02015106 (教育方向) 2．层次与学制：本科, 四年制 3．总学时：68 4．学期与周学时：第五，六学期；周学时: 2 5．学分：2 6．执笔人：夏丹 二、课程性质与任务： 本课程为英语（翻译，教育方向）专业必修课。 该门课程在英语专业人才培养中旨在使学生从英国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，掌握英国文学各个时期的主要文学、文化思潮，文学流派，主要作家及其代表作，同时帮助学生对英国文学的发展有深刻的了解和认识，并通过介绍一些最基本的文化理论和批评方法，对部分在思想上艺术上有代表性，有影响的作家及作品进行分析、导读，增强学生对英国文学的形成和发展的理解，提高他们对文学作品的鉴赏能力和文学修养。 三、课程的基本要求 1．课程的要求：学完本课程，学生应该掌握如下能力： ①对于英国文学史有整体性的把握； ②掌握分析和鉴赏文学作品的能力； ③独立完成千字左右的文学作品评析的英文论文； ④掌握文学概念和相关文学流派的专业知识。 2．质量标准：在第五学期完成英国文学史中从中古时期到启蒙时期的文学流派及相关作家，完成两篇以上的英文作品分析论文；第六学期完成从浪漫主义时期到现代主义文学相关内容的学习，并整体把握整个英国文学史的脉络，完成三篇以上的英文作品分析论文。同时检验学生是否了解、认识英国文学各个时期的主要文化、文学流派、主要作家及其代表作品，了解英国文学的发展历史，并能够用最基本的文化理论和批评方法，理解、分析文学作品，提高文学鉴赏力、语言表达能力，提高文学修养。 四、课程内容与学时分配 第五学期： 第一章序言 (2 学时) 使学生对英国文学史和主要流派具有提纲挈领的认识。 第二章中古世纪时期（2学时） 使学生掌握英国文学的起源及其形式和主要代表作品 第三章杰弗里?乔叟 (2学时)
Summary of the Age of Elizabeth (II) 1.Shakespeare’s successors. a.Ben Jonson 1573?—1637 His life: son of an educated gentleman who was thrown into prison by Queen Mary, whose property was confiscated. From his mother he received certain strong characteristics. His father died before he was born. His mother married a bricklayer. He may have studied in Cambridge for a short time, but his stepfather soon sent him to learn the bricklayer’s trade. He ran away from this, and went with the English army to fight Spaniards in the Low Countries. There he fought a duel with one of the enemy’s soldiers. He killed the man. Then he became an actor and reviser of old plays. He killed an actor in a duel and only escaped hanging by pleading “benefit of clergy”, but he lost all his poor goods and was branded for life on his left thumb. Jonson’s masques won him royal favor, was made poet laureate. With his great learning, ability and commanding position as poet laureate, he set himself squarely against his contemporaries and the romantic tendency of the age. He fought bravely for two things---- to restore the classic form of the drama and to keep the stage from its downward course. Apparently he failed. Nevertheless his influence lived and grew more powerful till, aided largely by French influence, it resulted in the so-called classicism of the eighteenth century. His work is in strong contrast with that of Shakespeare. Alone he fought against the romantic tendency of the age, and to restore the classic standards. Thus the whole action of his drama usually covers only a few hours, or a single day. He never takes liberties with historical facts, as Shakespeare does, but is accurate to the smallest detail. His dramas abound in classical learning, are carefully and logically constructed, and comedy and tragedy are kept apart, instead of crowding each other as they do in Shakespeare and in life. In one respect his comedies are worthy of careful reading, --- they are intensely realistic, presenting men and women of the time exactly as they were. From a few of Jonson’s scenes we can understand---better than from all the plays of Shakespeare---how men talked and acted during the Age of Elizabeth. His works: His first comedy: Every Man in His Humor is a key to all his dramas. The word “hu mo r” in his age stood for some characteristic whim or quality of society. He gives to his leading character some prominent humor, exaggerates it, as the cartoonist enlarges the most characteristic feature of a face, and so holds it before our attention that all other qualities are lost sight of. It is the first of three satires. Its special aim was to ridicule the humors of the city. The second, Cynthia’s Revels, satirizes the humors of the court; while the third, The Poetaster, the result of a quarrel with his contemporaries, was leveled at the false standards of the poets of the age. Three best known comedies: V olpone= The Fox The Alchemist , The Silent Woman V olpone is a merciless analysis of a man governed by love of money. Alchemist is a study of quackery on one side and of gullibility on the other, founded on the medieval idea of the philosopher’s stone. The Silent Woman is a
History and Anthology of English Literature Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period Beowulf Questions: 1.The earliest literature falls into two divisions ___________, and_______________. 2.Christianity brings England not only __________ and___________but also the wealth of a new language. 3.Who is Beowulf? And What is Beowulf? 4.How did Beowulf come into being? 5.Who is Grendel? And what is the result of Grendel?s fight with Beowulf? 6.How did the Jutes hold the funeral for him? Key points of this part: The most important work of old English literature is Beowulf------- the national epic of the English people. It is of Germanic heritage, perhaps the greatest Germanic epic and contains evidently pre-Christian elements existing at first in an oral tradition, the poem was passed from mouth to mouth for generations before it was written down. The manuscript preserved today was written in the Wessex tongue about 1000A.D., consisting altogether of 3183 lines. There are three episodes related to the career of Beowulf: 1.the fight with the monster, Grendel. 2.The fight with Grendel?s mother, a still more frightful she-monster. 3.The moral combat with the fire Dragon. The significance lies in the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, who is brave, courageous, selfless, and ever helpful to his people. There are three important features:: 1.Alliteration (words beginning with the same consonant sound). This is characteristic of all old English verse. 2.Metaphors and understatements. There are many compound words used in the poem to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque. , e.g. “riging-giver”is used for King; “hearth-companions “for his attendant warriors; “Whale?s road” for the sea; “spear-fighter” for soldier etc. And as understatement we can see: “not troublesome”for welcome; “need not praise”for a right to condemn. This quality is often regarded as characteristic of the English people and their language. 3.Mixture of pagan and Christian elements: the observing of omen, cremation, blood-revenge, and the praise of worldly glory.
英国文学史及选读试题 Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1.______ was respected as “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England. A.William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. John Milton D.John Donne 2.In terms of influence upon England, ____ brought French civilization and French language to England. A. Anglo-Saxons B. Romans C. Anglo-Normans D. Teutons 3. According to Thomas More, “it was a time when sheep devoured men”. It refers to____. A. Industrialization B. Religious Reformation C. Commercial Expansion D. Enclosure Movement 4. It was ____who introduced sonnet into English literature. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Philip Sidney 5. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare’s tragedies? A. Hamlet B. King Lear C. The Merchant of Venice D. Othello 6. In 1649 ____ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Elizabeth I D. Charles I 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne usually employs traditional and regular poetic form. D. His attitudes toward love are both positive and negative. 8. Friday in The Adventuous of Robinson Crosue can be termed as EXCEPT____. A. a kind-hearted person B. a person with colonial mind C. a smart person D. a friendly person 9. Thomas Gray is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. ____, the national peasant poet in Scotland, and his poem____ shows his passionate love for his Beloved. A.William Blake, Lodon B. William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud C. Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose D. Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne 12. English Romanticism begins with____ and ends with____. A. the publication of Lyrical Ballads, John Keats’s death B. French Revolution, Walter Scott’s death C. the publication of Lyrical Ballads, Walter Scott’s death D. Industrialization, John Keats’s death 13. ____ are named as Lake Poets and Escapist Romanticists. A. Wordsworth, Shelley and Keats B. Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley C. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Shelley D. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey 14. Which of the following statement is NOT correct? A. Romantic literature is decidely an age of poetry. B. Dramma was fully developed during the Romantic period. C. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeoise society. D. Romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works. 15. ____ was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in latter English fiction.