语句翻译
It was only when the intellectually crude Roman culture became influenced by the abstract thinking of Greek culture that the Latin language developed a significant vocabulary of abstract, non-spatial terms. 一直到这种在知性上不成熟的古罗马文化受到希腊文化抽象思维的影响的时候，拉丁语才发展出一套意义重大的词汇——抽象的非空间术语。
While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a hefty（强壮的）proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice.
领取养老金的人，特别是上了年纪的妇女，构成了独自生活人群的绝大多数；而新一批单身族则是30到40岁的高收入人士，他们日益认为独自生活是一种生活方式的选择。
In London, luxury complexes with tiny flats, gyms and easy access to urban pleasures are springing up for young and driven professionals. 在伦敦，为年轻人和以事业为重的专业人员建造的豪华综合楼群正拔地而起，这儿有小套公寓、健身馆以及便利的交通去享受都市的娱乐。 This pattern of spatial perception among the Hopi seems to
be similar to their pattern of time perception, in which periods of time are not seen as separate pieces of duration, as they are in the Western cultures, but are integrated as pieces of a connected pattern. 霍皮人的这种空间感觉模式似乎与他们对时间的感觉模式相似。在西方文化中，各时段被认为是时间延续过程中的独立片段，而在霍皮语中却要将各时段连结成连续统一体。
Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods----repeatable observations that can be manipulated in controlled experiments---- leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. 许多科学家们认为，用标准的可行方法（在受控实验环境下可进行重复观察）是无法证明动物是有情感的——这使他们得出结论，认为这些所谓的动物感情一定不存在。
Whether women on a large scale and not just in scattered exceptional groups will be able to overcome eons of social training to develop a new repertoire of psychological attitudes ,whether men will cultivate “feminine”qualities to a significant degree, and whether men and women can be liberated from traditional role and identity stereotypes are questions that demand our deepest consideration. 女
性，作为一个完整的群体，而不是零散的个体，能否克服多年来社会的熏陶而形成一套新的心理态度？男性能否培养出一些更重要的“女性特质”？男性和女性是否都有可能从传统的角色和身份类型中走出来？所有这些问题都需要我们好好思考一下。
The media are aware of this and often report what I regard as genetic pornography---reports dressed up to titillate and frighten. 媒体十分清楚这一现象，而且频繁地进行我称之为泛滥成灾的基因宣传报道——通常是鼓励制造耸人听闻的报道。
Essential to escape predators and other dangers, fear--- and its predictable flight, fight, or freeze responses--- seems to be hard-wired into many species. 恐惧及其可以预见的逃跑、搏斗或者呆住不动的反应，是逃避食肉动物和其他危险所必需的，它看起来好像是许多动物与生俱来的本领。
Researchers’skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to nonhumans. 研究人员之所以会表示怀疑，部分原因是他们出于职业习惯讨厌拟人论，因为他们认为这是一种将人类的特性强加于非人类生物身上的毫无科学根据
的主观倾向。
All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office----- the staff will soon be looped, too. 然而，只要将办公室稍微做节日般的布置，所有这一切的不愉快即刻会化为其乐融融的喜庆气氛。员工们也很快陶醉于其中，乐而忘忧。
Gender refers to the social classification of masculine and feminine. Every society recognizes the sexual division of the species into male and female, but cultures differ in terms of what they consider masculine and feminine. 而gender（性别分类）指的是男性特质和女性特质的不同社会分工。每个社会团体都普遍接受不同物种之间的性别区分，将之分为男女（雌雄），但对男性特质和女性特质的区分，不同的文化有不同的看法。
The issue of the trade-off between minimum competency and what is sometimes called “world-class standards”is rarely raised in any explicit manner, but it has bedeviled this debate since the beginning. 在最低能力标准和时常被称为世界级标准之间协调权衡的问题很少被以明确的方式提出来，然而，这个问题从一开始就困扰着这场辩论。
It is not only the East and the West that are different in
their patterning of space. We can also see cross-cultural varieties of spatial perception when we look at arrangements of urban space in different western cultures.
东西方不仅仅是在空间模式上存有差异。当我们观察西方不同文化中城市规划的时候，还体会各种各样跨文化空间的感觉。
The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred
a debt. 组织晚会的人有偿付出，因此，参加晚会的来宾
不必担心亏欠人情。
Yet because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifically, “most researchers don’t even want to talk about animal emotions. 因为感情是一种无形的东西，而且很难用科学手段进行研究, “所以大多数研究人员甚至不愿意谈论动物情感问题”。
Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage---twenty-something professionals or widowed senior citizens. 以前独自生活的人都是一些婚姻之外两端的人们——20多岁的专业人员或寡居的老人。
Stories of racial strife may sill our newspapers, but today’s young people stand fast in their belief in equality.
Eight-eight percent say it is not just important but absolutely essential to treat all people equally, regardless of race or ethnic background.”种族摩擦的新闻报道可能充斥我们的报纸，但是当今的青年人对平等的信念坚定不移。88%的人说：“不分种族和民族背景，平等地对待所有的人，”这不仅仅很重要而且“完全必不可少。”
When we asked about what they might do directly for others, our respondents squarely shouldered their responsibilities as individuals, in some cases more squarely than their elders in comparable polls. 当问及自己可能为他人直接做些什么时，他们坚定地表示作为个人要承担起自己的责任，在某些情况下，他们比长辈们还要坚定。
Anthropologists studying various cultures as a whole have seen a connection in the way they view both time and space. 从整体上研究不同文化的人类学家已经察看到了时间观与空间观之间的联系。
But many more of the protesters----parents, teachers, an school administrators----are education liberals: progressive followers of John Dewey, who believe that children should be allowed to discover things for themselves and not be
constrained by “drill-and kill”rote learning. 但是更多的抗议者―――包括家长，老师和学校行政管理人员―――崇敬教育自由主义，推崇教育家约翰杜威。他们认为应该让孩子们自己去发现事物，而不应该用机械操练，死记硬背的方式来桎梏他们。
It is, of course, in the public ambivalence about where the bar should be set that the larger uncertainty about the standards movement lies. 当然，公众对标准化考试运动的很大程度上的犹豫不绝就在于公众对这条标准线应当如何设定存有矛盾心理。
Rumors are that graduate schools favor people applying from their own college. Is this your impression? Is it fair?
Why?
This unfair phenomenon does exist on campus. The postgraduate entrance exam includes two parts: the written exam and the interview. The unfairness often shows up in the interview process. If two students get the same marks, the one from the university being applied to is more likely to be accepted. The reason is that professors tend to think students from their own schools are able to adapt to their teaching styles easily, which is important for setting up
mutual understanding to work and study together.
I don't think tutors prefer students from their own colleges.
They only want to choose people who are familiar. When we go shopping, we are likely to buy brands that are familiar to us for we know their quality and service better.
When it comes to postgraduate enrollment, it's the same.
So if you want to be a postgraduate, first make yourself known to your tutor!
I don't think it's unfair. I firmly believe that excellent
students will be accepted by other schools. The only reason that applicants are refused is that they are not outstanding enough. Therefore, the most important thing that applicants should emphasize is effort rather than complaint.
As an applicant for next year's postgraduate entrance exam,
I believe the exam is just and fair. Nevertheless, due to the
rumors, some examinees spend lots of time to get to know their potential professors. The phenomenon also causes a serious social problem —people would rather believe in so-called personal relationships than in actual ability.
I myself may serve as proof against those rumors. As a
student in Dalian, I have been accepted by Nankai
University as a postgraduate student. What's worth mentioning is that I had neither guidance from any professor at Nankai nor special materials from former schoolmates. Rumor is rumor. It'll never affect those with a strong motivation who work hard.
Frankly speaking, it's not fair. But colleges that don't engage in "fair play" will eventually suffer from student homogeneity and low performance of the whole school. In this sense, transparency is needed to encourage undergrads to go to other schools so as to improve the competitiveness of the educational institutions.
As a postgraduate, I had the experience of being discriminated against. But there is no absolute fairness at all in the world. The only way to make your wish come true is to work harder to make you more "attractive."
American grads aren't interested in a career in government.
What about you? Why do you think this way? What do you value in an employer?
I think working for the government is not so good. Being
an administrator is almost equal to low efficiency, low pay, and a lack of freedom and responsibility. The strict
hierarchy in the government can make even the best people depressed. Personally, I am interested in business.
Its fair play is appealing to me.
I want a white-collar job that will make an energetic girl
like me feel full, efficient and interesting. I cannot imagine myself sitting in the office, reading a newspaper, and sipping tea leisurely. This is a typical working scene in the government. Furthermore, other things like bureaucracy and the sophistication in handling relationship make me scared. I'm a junior in college, and I'll never begin my career in government.
Working in the government means a relatively stable and good salary, good health insurance, less pressure, more security and regular holidays. And one can have enough spare time to enjoy and build oneself. Nowadays, finding a job is getting tougher. Whatever your job is, just go for it, hold it, then jump away.
I prefer a career in government. First, it can offer a stable,
though not very high-paying job which can ensure a comfortable life! Second, it will give me higher social status. People all over the country respect civil servants.
Third, if I can come to power or be a leader in a
department, I can benefit from it.
Seniors' reluctance to go into government reflects their dissatisfaction with the government. So, effective measures are required to improve it. But, if we all avoid going there to do something about it, the situation will become worse. Besides, I believe that government work is more powerful and a better way to serve the public. And, if you do want to help the public, bureaucratic delays and waste won't be a stumbling block.
We all accept the idea of studying hard to find a good job.
It's realistic but too utilitarian. As a young person, you should find the job in which you can utilize your ability to reach your goals in life.
I believe that a sense of helping others is important when
searching for a job. As a governmental employee, one can fulfill one's desires and serve society. So I believe that college graduates should consider what they can do for others by doing their job rather than asking which place they would like to work.
A successful man can do everything well, no matter where
he works. Many people envy the man who works in government. But I think work in government will make
one lazy. A man should try his best to create his own career!
Colleges are not crime-free. So, should college students be treated differently from other people who break the law?
Why? How can we prevent crime among college students? I'm a college student majoring in law. I don't agree with the crime prevention centre. Everyone should be treated equally under the law, including college students. In my opinion, these kinds of crime prevention centres could become ways to shelter student criminals.
I don't think college students should be treated differently
from other criminals. College students are adults who are able to take responsibility for their actions. Some highly-educated students commit crimes as a result of not having received sufficient moral education.
It all depends. In my opinion, it is better to give university students another chance if the crime they commit is not severe and they just got lost one time. It is regrettable to see those who commit a petty crime punished or even put in jail. After all, university students may have a splendid future and could be more likely to make a contribution to
the country.
I'm a sophomore at a Public Security Academy and we've got a course on criminal laws and crime prevention. I think the most important thing we should emphasize is prevention rather than punishment. The college should set up ways to teach students about the tough consequences of committing a crime. And schools should provide access to psychologists to help solve students' problems.
As the saying goes, "It is not too late to mend the fold even after some sheep have been lost." If some college students have done wrong, I believe that both the university and society should give them a chance to make a fresh start.
Sometimes, they may make an error or even commit a crime on the spur of the moment. But, I don't think college students have enough education on the law. So I suggest that there be more activities about the law on campus.
A girl who used to live next door was kicked out of my
college last summer because of stealing. I know clearly that it is not because of poverty but out of vanity that she stole. Though it is the girl's fault, I still disagree with the college's decision. What will she be? Teaching is better than harsh punishment in this matter.
I think college students should be treated differently from
other criminals. In some cases, it's psychological problems that cause college students to commit crimes. Teachers and other students should help the students with such problems by building confidence and encourage them to join more activities.
Is It Necessary to Preserve the Traditional Look and Feel of the City?
I once saw a picture, which is an American girl who is
ebullient with appreciation of the richly-decoration Chinese national costumes. Obliviously, she has accepted what is part and parcel of a foreign tradition as international. Truly as she feels, for cultures that are subject to the impact of stronger ones, to remain national is the way to survive and thrive as an integral ingredient of the international community.
Much of the secret of the glamour of traditional Chinese costumes, one pearl in the crown of our national culture, lies in its uniqueness. Cultures, like other constituents of the world of feelings, are where the principle “Opposites attract” apply, it is not hard to imagine the disappointment
of the same American girl when she goes to Yunnan or Tibet only to find jeans in a so-called traditional Chinese clothe arcade or McDonald’s hamburgers in a restaurant of the same kind. There are sufficient cases of failures that happen as a result of plagiarism in the development of national cultures.
We by no means indicate that national cultures should remain isolated. Quite on the contrary, cultural exchanges will facilitate the growth of a culture as an internationally-accepted one. But the crucial factor of the development of global reorganization of a culture lies in the enrichment of its value of independence. That means every national culture can become international only by attaining strong differentiators.
Some students are talking about their consumer rights at school. But, is the school-student relationship the same as
a producer-consumer relationship? Or is the right to an
education and its role in society different from other rights?
I partly agree that the school-student relationship is the
same as a producer-customer relationship. As you know,
there are higher education charges so schools should be responsible for their "services". However, since the government also invests a lot at schools each year, students are not customers in a real sense. So there needs to be a compromise between students and schools. For example, students can make demands about the curriculum while schools regulate how many subjects students need to finish before graduating.
I partly agree that the school-student relationship is the
same as a producer-customer relationship. As you know, there are higher education charges so schools should be responsible for their "services". However, since the government also invests a lot at schools each year, students are not customers in a real sense. So there needs to be a compromise between students and schools. For example, students can make demands about the curriculum while schools regulate how many subjects students need to finish before graduating.
I favour the view that what we pay for should be worth it.
That means education. Because more students pay for their education, they naturally have the right to "choose goods"
and "make a complaint." There is no doubt that education
differs from other goods. But this does not mean that students have to passively accept what schools offer. So communication channels between schools and students should be set up. Only in this way can students play their role in improving education.
Students can never be real consumers of education. In a producer-customer relationship, both sides are equal. No side can control the other. But in the school-student relationship, students are in a disadvantaged position.
Schools are the authority. They set up rules for students to follow and punish them if they don't obey. However, students have nothing to say about the regulations.
I don't think students are customers in a real sense because education is neither a business nor merely a service. It embodies cultural factors, which are crucial to students' future development. Since students are sometimes short-sighted, universities should have the final say in designing the curriculum and other important matters. But the universities should consider needs and make adjustments reasonably. College students are consumers of education because we pay our tuition学费. So we have the right to know how our money is spent and what we get if we pay. When we are treated unfairly,
we should have a place to complain instead of kee ping silent.
Give the floor to 请…发言 It is a great pleasure for me to我很荣幸… Relevant issues 相关问题 Updated research research result 最新的调查结果 Attach the importance to 对…给予重视 Lead-edge technologies领先技术 Minister Counselor公使 Natural heritage自然遗产 Shared concern 共同关心的问题 Well-deserved reputation良好的信誉 对…表示衷心的感谢express sincere gratitude to 请…讲话Let’ s welcome to give a speech 双边会议bilateral conference 以掌声对…表示的最热烈的欢迎propose the warmest applause to 主办单位sponsor 颁奖仪式the Award Ceremony 贺词greeting speech 隆重举行observe the grand opening of 请…颁奖Let’s invite to present the award 取得圆满成功achieve complete ceremony 全球庆典global celebration ceremony 宣布…结束 declare the closing of 请全体起立，奏国歌 Please rise for the national anthem. Collective stewardship集体管理 Competitive job market充满竞争的就业市场 Financial institutions金融机构 Forward-looking进取 Gross National Product国民生产总值 Meet the challenges 迎接挑战 Public authorities公共机构 Regulatory mechanism 法规机制 The threshold of our transition into the new millenmum跨越新千年的门槛 UNCHS (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)联合国人居中心Urban residents 城市居民 Well-serviced formal city服务齐全的高尚城市 把…列为重要内容place as the priority 不放松工作never neglect the work 节约用水 water conservation 对…表示衷心祝贺extend our sincere congratulations on 节约用水先进城市model city of water conservation 使…取得预期效果attain the results expected 授予…光荣称号 confer honorable awards on 为…而奋斗strive for
中国各大银行名称缩写 中国建设银行——CCB(China Constuction Bank) 中国农业银行——ABC(Agricultural Bank of China) 中国工商银行——ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) 中国银行——BOC（Bank of China) 中国民生银行——CMBC（China Minsheng Banking Co., Ltd） 招商银行——CMB(China Merchants Bank Ltd) 兴业银行——CIB (Industrial Bank Co., Ltd) 北京市商业银行——已经改名北京银行——BOB(Bank of Beijing) 交通银行——BCM(Bank of Communications) 中国光大银行——CEB(Chian Everbright Bank) 中信银行——(cvbnm` 广东发展银行——GDB(Guangdong Development Bank) 上海浦东发展银行——SPDB/SPDBank(Shanghai Pudong Development Bank) 深圳发展银行——SDB(Shenzhen Development Bank)
中国银行新线借记卡历史交易明细清单 Debit card transaction details history list 交易区间：2012/06/01 至2012/12/01 Trading range: to 打印日期：2012/12/17 打印网点: 11111 打印柜员：33333 Print date: Print branches:Print teller: 账号：1222222222 客户号：9999999 Account number: Customer number: 账户名：王三 Account name: WANG SAN 开户日期：2012/01/04 开户行：88881 Account opening date: Deposit bank: 产品大类：5500 产品子类：1999 Product Line: Subclass: 起息日：2012/01/12 到期日： Value date: Expiry date: 存折号：货币号： Bankbook number: Currency number: 交易日网点交易代码货币号交易金额交易余额摘要Trade date Branches Trade code Currency number Transaction amount Account balance Abstract 交易类别对方账号 Trade type Reciprocal account number
中国文化相关词汇英文翻译 元宵节：Lantern Festival 刺绣：embroidery 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 对联：（Spring Festival）Couplets 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国：Warring States 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 函授部：The Correspondence Department 集体舞：Group Dance 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weedings and Funerals 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 附属学校：Affiliated school 古装片：Costume Drama 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup） 一国两制：One Country，Two Systems 火锅：Hot Pot 四人帮：Gang of Four 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 素质教育：Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大跃进：Great Leap Forward（Movement） 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 针灸：Acupuncture 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁：radical 孟子：Mencius 亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火药：gunpowder
课程设计任务书 学生姓名：赵旭林专业班级：计算机0801班 指导教师：陈天煌工作单位：计算机科学与技术学院 题目: WHILE循环语句的翻译程序设计（递归下降法、输出三地址表示）初始条件： 理论：学完编译课程，掌握一种计算机高级语言的使用。 实践：计算机实验室提供计算机及软件环境。如果自己有计算机可以在其上进行设计。 要求完成的主要任务:（包括课程设计工作量及其技术要求，以及说明书撰写等具体要求） （1）写出符合给定的语法分析方法的文法及属性文法。 （2）完成题目要求的中间代码三地址表示的描述。 （3）写出给定的语法分析方法的思想，完成语法分析和语义分析程序设计。 （4）编制好分析程序后，设计若干用例，上机测试并通过所设计的分析程序。 （5）设计报告格式按附件要求书写。课程设计报告书正文的内容应包括： 1 系统描述（问题域描述）； 2 文法及属性文法的描述； 3 语法分析方法描述及语法分析表设计； 4 按给定的题目给出中间代码形式的描述及中间代码序列的结构设计； 5 编译系统的概要设计； 6 详细的算法描述（流程图或伪代码）； 7 软件的测试方法和测试结果； 8 研制报告（研制过程，本设计的评价、特点、不足、收获与体会等）； 9 参考文献（按公开发表的规范书写）。 时间安排： 设计安排一周：周1、周2：完成系统分析及设计。 周3、周4：完成程序调试及测试。 周5：撰写课程设计报告。 设计验收安排：设计周的星期五第1节课开始到实验室进行上机验收。 设计报告书收取时间：设计周的次周星期一上午10点。 指导教师签名： 2010年 11月 13日 系主任（或责任教师）签名： 2010年 11月 13日
翻译训练 考查词组和句型在具体语境中的运用能力。这类考题所涉及的主要搭配有： be good at （在……方面好，善于） be filled with （充满……） be angry with （对某人发脾气） be pleased with （对……感到满意） be afraid of （害怕） be full of （充满……） be proud of （以……自豪） be interested in （对……感兴趣） be excited about （对……感到兴奋） be late for（……迟到） be kind to（对某人亲切） be bad for（对……有害处） stop…（from）doing sth （阻止……做某事） spend…（in）doing sth（花费时间或金钱做某事） help…doing…（帮助某人做某事） not…until…（直到……才……） so…that…（如此……以致……） such…that…（如此……以致……） too…to… （太……而不能……） prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B（宁愿做A事而不愿做B事）find it +形容词+to do sth（觉得做某事是……的） It's time to do sth（是做某事的时候了） let's…（我们做……吧）等等 1.接不定式作宾语的常用动词: afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事 agree to do sth. 赞同做某事 arrange to do sth.布置做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决议做某事 decide to do sth. 决议做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期望做某事 fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事 help to do sth. 协助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 预备做某事 pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 aim to do sth. 计划做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 盼望做某事
英语六级翻译必备短语汇总 1.keep up with 跟上，不落后 2. catch up with 追上，赶上 3. come up with 提出 4. end up with 以…告终 5. put up with 忍受 6. make up for 补偿/填补 7. live up to 不辜负 8. turn up 出现 9. turn down 减少、拒绝 10. turn over 翻转 11. turn in 上缴 12. have access to sth. 有权利使用；有接近（享受）…的机会 13. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 14. look forward to doing sth./sth. 期待做某事/某事 15. get down to sth. 着手做/正式做某事 16. lead to/contribute to…/attribute to… 导致 17. be superior to 优于，胜过 18. be inferior to 比差…，不如… 19. be senior to 比…年长 20. be junior to比…年少 21. prior to 在…之前 22. range from… to… （围）从…到…；在…围变动 23. be busy in 忙于 24. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 25. can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事 26. feel like doing sth. 想要走某事
27. have a good time (in ) 玩得高兴，过得愉快 28. have difficulty( trouble) (in) doing sth. 做…有困难 29. spend /waste time(in) 花费/浪费时间在… 30. It's no use doing sth. 做某事没有好处/意义 31. There's no point in doing sth. 没必要做某事 32. in the way/by the way/ in no way 挡路/顺便说一下/决不 33. It's the first/second time that第一次/第二次… 34. catch sb doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事 35. call off/cancel 取消 36. have an influence on sth./sb. 对某事/某人有影响 37. impose sth on sb. 把…强加于某人 38. but for sth. 要不是… 39. risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 40. escape doing sth. 避免做某事 41. accuse sb of sth. 控告某人做某事 42.charge sb with sth. 控告某人做某事 43. be innocent of 无辜的，无罪的 44. be alert to sth. 对…保持警惕 45. play a role/part in sth./doing sth. 在…中扮演角色/发作用 46. be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 47. be worthy of doing sth. 值得做某事 48. keep/lose contact with sb. 与某人保持/失去联系 49. be second to none 最好的，最棒的 50. not to speak of/not to mention/let alone 更不要说… 51. delay/ mind/ admit/ avoid// consider/ contemplate/deny/ dislike/ finish/ permit/ practice+doing推迟/介意/承认/避免/考虑/沉思/否认/不喜欢/结束/允许/联系
英语翻译常用词组汇总 be free from没有……的，不受……影响be identified as…被认为是… be known as被称做……，以……著称be known to为……所熟知 be popular with…受……欢迎 be prepared for对……做好准备 be regarded as被认为是…，被当做是… be satisfied with对……满意，满足于… be second to…次于… be sick of…对…感到厌倦 be used as…被用做… be used to…习惯于… get used to…习惯于… all of a sudden突然 all the time一直,始终 as a rule通常,照例 as far as...be concerned就...而言as to…至于…,关于… at best充其量,至多 before long 不久以后 beyond question毫无疑问 by all means尽一切办法,务必 every now and then时而,偶尔 in itself本质上,就其本身而言 sooner or later迟早,早晚 abide by… 遵守…,信守… agree with与…相一致同意…
be beneficial to… 有利于…，有益于… turn a blind eye to… 对…视而不见 by leaps and bounds飞速地，突飞猛进地 when it comes to一谈到…,就…而论 disagree with… 与…意见不一致不同意… give an opinion on… 对…发表意见 a dapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于… attribute…to…把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果comment on…评论… concentrate on/upon…集中注意力于… on the contrary与之相反 convince somebody of something使某人确信某事deprive somebody of something剥夺某人某物 in detail详细地 be equipped with…装备有… in essence本质上 to…extent在…程度上 inform. somebody of something通知某人某事 lie in在于… major in主修… in the light of… 按照…，根据… on account of… 因为…，由于… in addition to… 除…之外 on (the/an) average平均，一般来说 on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上 at (the) best充其量，至多 on business因公，因事 in any case无论如何，总之
课程设计任务书 学生姓名：专业班级： 指导教师：工作单位：计算机科学与技术学院 题目: DO-WHILE循环语句的翻译程序设计（LL（1）法、输出三地址表示）初始条件： 理论：学完编译课程，掌握一种计算机高级语言的使用。 实践：计算机实验室提供计算机及软件环境。如果自己有计算机可以在其上进行设计。 要求完成的主要任务:（包括课程设计工作量及其技术要求，以及说明书撰写等具体要求） （1）写出符合给定的语法分析方法的文法及属性文法。 （2）完成题目要求的中间代码三地址表示的描述。 （3）写出给定的语法分析方法的思想，完成语法分析和语义分析程序设计。 （4）编制好分析程序后，设计若干用例，上机测试并通过所设计的分析程序。 （5）设计报告格式按附件要求书写。课程设计报告书正文的内容应包括： 1 系统描述（问题域描述）； 2 文法及属性文法的描述； 3 语法分析方法描述及语法分析表设计； 4 按给定的题目给出中间代码形式的描述及中间代码序列的结构设计； 5 编译系统的概要设计； 6 详细的算法描述（流程图或伪代码）； 7 软件的测试方法和测试结果； 8 研制报告（研制过程，本设计的评价、特点、不足、收获与体会等）； 9 参考文献（按公开发表的规范书写）。 时间安排： 设计安排一周：周1、周2：完成系统分析及设计。 周3、周4：完成程序调试及测试。 周5：撰写课程设计报告。 设计验收安排：设计周的星期五第1节课开始到实验室进行上机验收。 设计报告书收取时间：设计周的次周星期一上午10点。 指导教师签名： 2011年月日 系主任（或责任教师）签名： 2011年月日
DO-WHILE循环语句的翻译程序设计 （LL(1)法、输出三地址表示） 1. 系统描述 1.1 设计目的 通过设计、编制、调试一个DO-WHILE循环语句的语法及语义分析程序，加深对法及语义分析原理的理解，并实现词法分析程序对单词序列的词法检查和分析。 1.2 设计内容及步骤 对循环语句： DO〈赋值语句〉WHILE 〈表达式〉 （1）按给定的题目写出符合自身语法分析方法要求的文法和属性文法描述。 （2）按给定的题目给出语法分析方法的思想及分析表设计。 （3）按给定的题目给出中间代码序列的结构设计。 （4）完成相应的词法分析、语法分析和语义分析程序设计。 （5）编制好分析程序后，设计若干用例，上机测试并通过所设计的分析程序。 2. 文法及属性文法的描述 2.1 文法描述 K -> do L while S L -> SP P -> ;SP | ε S -> iQE E -> TG G -> +TG | -TG | εT -> FR R -> *FR | /FR | εF -> (E) | i Q -> = | < | > 2.2 属性文法的描述
翻译中的词语搭配 作者：程水英北盟外语 ［背景］由于英汉两种语言有着不同的表达习惯，我们在翻译一些常见的短语（联合式）时，要注意一个搭配的顺序问题。例如英语的track and field，track是“跑道，径赛”，“field”是“场地，田赛”，而汉语的习惯表达与之相反，通说为“田径”。 ［目标］掌握一些更符合英文表达习惯的用法，在翻译和写作的时候力求准确而达意。 ［攻略］I 顺序相同 1）up and down：上上下下，起伏地 The boat bobbed up and down in the water 那只小船在水中颠簸。 2）more or less：或多或少，有点儿 He more or less thought it was his duty to tell me． 他或多或少认为告诉我是他的责任。 3）rock and roll：摇滚乐 4）deaf and dumb：又聋又哑 5）heart and soul：全心全意地，满腔热情地 He devoted himself heart and soul to his work． 他全心全意地致力于工作。 6）day and night：日日夜夜，夜以继日 7）husband and wife：夫妻，夫妇 They have lived together as husband and wife for years． 他们结为夫妇共同生活了很多年。 8）black and white：（指电影、电视、照片等）黑白
I changed my black and white television for a color set． 我把黑白电视机换成了一台彩色的。 9）black and blue：青一块、紫一块的 10）wax and wane：（力量或重要性）兴衰，盛衰 Throughout history empires have waxed and waned． 历史上各个王朝均有兴衰。 11）home and abroad：国内外，海内外 Mount Tai attracts many tourists from home and abroad． 泰山吸引了许多海内外游客。 12）Ladies and gentlemen：女士们、先生们（用在发言的开始，虽然有时汉语也会说：“先生们，女士们”，但英语习惯始终是“ladies”在前面。） 13）from head to foot／toe：从头到脚，全身 The children were covered in mud from head to toe． 孩子们满身沾满了泥。 14）the First／Second World War： 第一次／第二次世界大战（也可以表示为World War I和World War II） 15）from first to last：自始至终，一贯 16）science and technology：科学技术，科技 Science and technology can reproduce productivity． 科学技术是第一生产力。 Qinghua Science and Technology Park 清华科技园 17）总书记：general secretary（不过“总领事”是“consul general”，“总司令”是“commander in chief”，另外“secretary ge neral”为“秘书长”。）
如何在强化阶段复习翻译，又如何在考试中夺取高分呢？我们认为：词汇和长难句是攻克翻译这座大山的不二法宝。 关注特殊词汇，学习日常生活词语 段落翻译的重点依然是词汇，特别是较为特殊的翻译类词汇，通过样卷分析，建议考生多关注一下和中国节日、历史事件、经济文化、旅游活动、社会发展等相关的词汇。大家可以关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸，例如中国日报及其网站。这份报纸的大部分内容确实超越了考生的实际水平，但考生可以学习一些涉及日常生活的词语。每天看看网站中的头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章，考生有时间可关注。同时，考生要购进一些难度不大的翻译书籍，注意中英文的切换规则。 写长难句可增加得分点 段落翻译的另一难点就是长难句的攻克，平时加大对长难句的分析，考试中才能写出精彩得分的句型。分析从句比较多的长难句，要找到句子的切分点，切分点主要有两种，一个是直接看到的，即连接词that、which、who、when等等；另外一个是潜在的，即各种动词形式，包括doing、to do(单独使用的)、done等等。 最后，注意做翻译一定要坚持两点，即打草稿和"写"。在头脑中形成的翻译不是翻译，落到纸上，仍然不一定是通顺的句子，所以，每次在做翻译时，一定要坚持把语言写出来，这样才能提
高语言组织能力。同时，长难句的翻译不是一气呵成的，要练习如何打草稿，保证不会因直接誊写出现涂改问题，通过平时的草稿练习，也锻炼下打草稿的清晰程度，避免在誊写时丢掉一些东西。 一、中国经济 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned
1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国：Warring States 12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞：Group Dance 16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校：Affiliated school 22. 古装片：Costume Drama
23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅：Hot Pot 27. 四人帮：Gang of Four 28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34. 针灸：Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37. 偏旁：radical 38. 孟子：Mencius 39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic 40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41. 火药：gunpowder 42. 农历：Lunar Calendar 43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
英汉翻译中的词汇搭配问题 Collocation in the Translation Between English and Chinese 代绍荣许芳 摘要：在英汉翻译中，词汇搭配问题不容忽视。本文试图通过一些实例说明词汇搭配的规律，并探讨解决词汇搭配问题的办法以及考虑这个问题的角度。 关键词：英汉翻译词汇搭配现象分析解决办法考虑角度 Abstract: Collocation is highly worth special attention in the translation work between English and Chinese. This article attempts to illustrate some general principles for collocation in translation , and proposes solutions to this problem and the seven angles from which to consider this problem. Key words: translation between English and Chinese collocation phenomenon analysis solution consideration angles 在翻译活动中，对原文的正确理解是做好翻译工作的基础，而对原文中词汇的恰当翻译是做好翻译工作的重点。在词汇翻译过程中，我们会不可避免地遇到词汇搭配问题。这个问题不解决好，翻译活动就没法进行下去，或者就不会译出好的作品来。本文拟就英汉翻译活动中经常遇到的各种词汇搭配问题作一分析，并提出解决的办法，以供参考。 一 在英汉两种语言当中，都有一些可以直接对译成目的语的词汇，包括简单的词、短语和习语等。它们的意义比较容易理解和把握，在目的语中有比较明显的对应词汇。这种直译不影响原文的意义和风格，是词汇翻译中最简单的一种，例如： He is a diligent student。 他是个勤奋的学生。 也因为如此，这类翻译中的词汇搭配问题比较容易解决，又例如： I bought a bunch of red roses for my girlfriend. 我买了一束红攻瑰送给女朋友。 这种搭配大多是因为下面的原因： （1）词汇本身意义不复杂，如diligent, bunch等。 （2）两个词汇经常搭配使用，形成惯用法。如：a lucky dog（幸运儿）, watch TV（看电视）, crude oil (原油) 等。 （3）涉及专用词汇，如in China 等 虽然这种情况下的翻译比较简单，但我们还是要注意弄清原文中每个词汇的含义，选择恰当的目的语词汇来翻译。 二 大多数情况下，词汇的翻译并不是那么容易的，需要我们动一番脑筋。词汇的搭配对所涉及的每个词汇的具体含义起相当大的限制作用。特别是有些词，本身含义比较广泛，词性也比较多，当它们和不同的词搭配时，具有不同的含义，这就需要我们熟读原文，弄清原文的准确含义、文体风格、表现手法，然后在目的语中捕捉最贴切的词汇来翻译。下面举一个例子： free competition 自由竞争free room 空房间 free medical care 公费医疗free goods 免税货物 free bloomer 开花多的植物free state 游离状态 free gait 从容和步伐free wind 顺风
WHILE循环语句的翻译程序设计（简单优先法、输出四元式） 1 需求说明或问题描述 1.1 问题描述 对C++中while循环语句的理解及分析，通过编译中的词法分析、语法分析、语义分析及中间代码生成等编译过程，用简单优先分析法分析并翻译while语句。 1.2 需求说明 1 写出符合给定的语法分析方法的文法及属性文法 2 完成题目要求的中间代码四元式的描述 3 写出给定的语法分析方法的思想，完成语法分析及语义分析程序设计 4 设计若干用例，上机通过测试 2 文法及语法设计 2.1文法及属性文法： 文法G=(V N ,V T ,P ,S) 其中V N={S , B, E, C, A, B, P, T} V T={w, (, ), { ,}, i, ;} P={ S -> w(B){E} E -> C C -> CA C -> A A -> iPA A -> i; P -> +|-|*|/ B -> iTi B-> i T -> >|<|>=|<=|== } 2.2 语法分析方法描述及语法分析表设计 2.2.1 语法分析方法描述： 简单优先分析法是按照文法符号（终极符和非终极符）的优先关系确定句柄的。 基本思想可设计如下，首先根据已知优先文法构造相应优先关系矩阵，并将