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非谓语动词重难点全面讲解含高考真题再现!

非谓语动词重难点全面讲解含高考真题再现!
非谓语动词重难点全面讲解含高考真题再现!

非谓语动词重难点,全面讲解!

非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一,无论在考试中还是平时的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重。但是,对于这么重要的语法内容,很多同学们却怎么学都学不透,要么完全不懂、做题时全靠“感觉”;要么一知半解,能跳过则跳过。其实,只要方法正确,遇到有关非谓语动词的题目时就会迎刃而解,更令人开心的是,在平时的英语阅读中再也不需要绕道而行了!

一.非谓语动词的含义

非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

二. 非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下:

1. 不定式

①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)

②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)

③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)

④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)

⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)

⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)

例如:The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。

2. 动名词

①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done (表示被动和完成)

例如:Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。

I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。

Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。

3. 现在分词

①基本形式:doing (表示主动和进行)②被动式:being done(表示被动

和进行)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)

He sat there,reading a newspaper.他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。

The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV.完成作业后,我开始看电视。

Having been told many times,she still can't remember it.已经被告诉了很多次,她仍然记不住。

4. 过去分词:done

及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。polluted river 被污染的河流

fallen leaves 落叶

注意:非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的:和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来;发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。

三. 非谓语动词的作用

非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。1. 不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主语)

学会一门外语是很难的。

It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主语,it做形式主语)很容易见到他们

的姑姑。

Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作宾语)汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。

His wish is to be a driver.(作表语)他的愿望是当一名司机。

I have nothing to say.(作定语)我没有什么可说的。

The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作宾语补足语)

老师让我们做早操。

They went to see their aunt. (目的状语)他们去见他们的姑姑。

2. 动名词:做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。

Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)学英语非常困难。

I enjoy dancing.(作动词宾语)我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语)我已经习惯了住农村。

His job is driving a bus.(作表语)他的工作是开车。

3. 现在分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。

The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。

He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作状语)他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定语)这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。

4. 过去分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。

He is interested in the news.(作表语)他对这则消息很感兴趣。

polluted river(做定语)被污染的河流

Given more time,I can do my work better.(做状语)如果再被多给些时间,我会把工作做得更好。

I found my watch stolen.(做宾补)

我发现我的手表被偷了。

四. 非谓语动词重、疑、难点。

1. 须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。

五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)两听(hear、listen to)三使(make、let、have)一感觉(feel)根据谐音记忆法,我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。例如:I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.

昨天,我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。

注意:以上11个动词,也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补,但在时间和语态上会有变化,我们以see为例来区分一下。

see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事

see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......

I see him make the phone call.我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)

I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)

We often see him surrounded by much work.我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.

2.只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词

want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse

3. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词

practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、mind、miss、permit、prohibit

4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词

remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)

forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)

regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)

try to do sth. 努力做某事

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

mean to do sth. 计划做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事

go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事

go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事

stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情

5. 所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语,如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和having been done。

五. 非谓语动词的解题步骤

1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语,以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。

①非谓动词做定语时,其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。①非谓语动作做状语时,其逻辑主语是句子主语。①非谓语动作做宾补时,其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。

2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。

和谓语动作同时发生表示进行,应用以上提到的进行式(to be doing和doing);发生在谓语动作之后表示将来,应用(to do和to be done);发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用(to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done)。

例如下面几题:

(1)_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.A. Spending B. Spend C. To spend D. Having spent

【答案与解析】D “已经花了所有的钱买车”做时间状语,所以其逻辑主语应是句子主语“我”。“我”与“花钱”之间应该是主动关系,并且“花钱”发生在谓语动作“can’t afford a holiday”之前,所以非谓语动词应用主动和完成的含义,故选“D”。

(2)An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.

A. designing

B. designed

C. to be designed

D. being designed 【答案与解析】B “设计”在这里是定语,修饰其前的“an exercise method”,所以其逻辑主语应该是它的被修饰词“an exercise method”,所以表被动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已经完成,所以应用表示被动完成含义的designed。

(3)Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.

A.known

B. knowing

C. to know

D. know

【2018~2020高考真题再现】:非谓语之语法填空

2020年高考真题

1.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4__________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.

2.((2020·新课标I卷短文改错))I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

3.(2020·新课标I卷短文改错)My mom told me how to preparing it.

4.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They represent the earth__________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

5.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times65.__________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

6.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They are easy68.(care) for and make great presents.

7.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)The next morning he hired a boat and set out67.__________(find) the well-known painter.

8.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69 __________(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

9.(2020·山东新高考语法填空)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves(they) living at a different time in history or43.__________(walk)through a rainforest.

10. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology60__________(change)lives.

11.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later,they learned to work with the seasons(season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,63__________(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.

12.(2020·江苏卷)Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.A. combined withB. combining withC. having combined withD. to be combined with

13.(2020·(天津卷)英语笔试(第一次))___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.

A.Having completed B.Being completed C.Completed D.Completing 14.(2020·(天津卷)英语笔试(第一次))The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.

A.to be promoted B.being promoted C.Promoting D.to promote 15.(2020·(天津卷)英语笔试(第二次))______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.

A.To help B.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped

非谓语参考答案:2020

1.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

2.【答案】frying改为fried【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。

3.【答案】preparing改为prepare。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。

4.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。

5.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。

6.【答案】to care。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词+ to do”结构。故填to care。

7.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。

8.【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。

9.【答案】walking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。

10.【答案】to change【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部

分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。

11.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。

12.【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。

13.【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired,此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式,不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。

14.【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。

15.【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的,应用动词不定式。故选A。

2

2019年高考真题

1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.

A. To enjoy

B. Enjoying

C. To have enjoyed

D. Enjoy

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.

A. Learn

B. Learned

C. Learning

D. Having learned

3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.

A.recognizing

B. being recognized

C. to be recognized

D. Recognized

4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.

A.should they

B. they should

C. dare they

D. they dare

5.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods___of__tracking polar bear

populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive___64___(perform) consistently over a large area.

6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by___67___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…

7.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for___61___(be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.

9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene___declared__(declare) she had no plans___65___(retire) from her 36-year-old business.

10.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call___68___(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was___a__joke.

11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house,it was raining___so__hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take___62___(get)there.

12.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay,we_were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,___70___(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or___59___(cycle) to school on dark mornings,…

14.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want___63___(wear) the uniform.

15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously___2___(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to_myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.

16.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day,___4___(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.

非谓语参考答案:2019

1.【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为

了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。

2.【答案】C【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所

必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。

此处用动名词做主语,故选C。

3.【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,

更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with +名词+现在分词结构,故选A。

4.【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课

堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account决不,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,应该做should do,敢于做dare do,根据句意表示”应该“,故选A。

5.【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式

作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to perform。

6.【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动

名词主动形式,故填noting。

7.【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,that I had a

talent for football.【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying。

8.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动

名词形式作宾语,故填being。

9.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,

用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填to retire。

10.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,

此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say 是主动关系,故填saying。

11.【答案】to get【解析】考查非谓语。句意:我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能

到那里。该句中考查了固定用法:It takes time to do sth.:花时间做某事,该句式中it作形式主语,time做宾语,使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间,用how long 对其进行提问,不影响不定式的使用,故答案为to get。

12.【答案】listening【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所

以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。

13.【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步

行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or 前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。

【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事,这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。

14.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道

我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing。

15.【答案】marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,

是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且与其之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。故填marked。

3

2018年高考真题

1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled

2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.

A.share

B. to share

C. having shared

D. shared

3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use

4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.

A. to eat;to try

B. eating;trying

C. eating;to try

D. to eat;trying

5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take

6.【2018·江苏】26. Around13,500new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.

A.having exceeded

B. to exceed

C. exceeded

D. exceeding

7.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of63 (die) early by running.

8.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.

9.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice___64___(improve) water quality. 10.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).

处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged。

11.【2018·新课标III卷·短文改错】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

12.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

非谓语答案:2018

1.【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。点睛:动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

2.【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词,“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确。点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以

置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。

3.【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句,_________ correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinary soap,ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确。点睛:过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。

4.【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意:我不打算吃任何东西,但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do(打算做),couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。点睛:本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义,本题需要区分“mean to do 打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。

B.5.【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。点睛:本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。

6.【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这期间,大约创造13,500个新的工作,超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知,这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。点睛:本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。having exceeded强调时间先后,指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前;to exceed表示将要超出;exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知,这里用现在分词作结果状语。

7【答案】62. to see ;63.dying 【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填to see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词,其后用动名词。故填dying。

8.【答案】sell改为selling【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词,故用selling。

9.【答案】to improve【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages,故improve 应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve。

10.【答案】64.looking;65.challened【解析】64.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged。

11.【答案】wait改为waiting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析,本句有谓语为was,而且没有连词,与主语是主动关系,所以wait 要用非谓语waiting,表伴随。

12.【答案】visiting【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.,故填visiting

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