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(完整)2018广州二模试卷(高清打印版)

(完整)2018广州二模试卷(高清打印版)
(完整)2018广州二模试卷(高清打印版)

2018广州二模试卷(高清版)

文综地理(一)

一、选择题

冰川学上的雪线是指降雪量与消融量达到平衡的界线。天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川(西支)的上、下界高度分别为486米和3810米。下图是四个时段冰川物质平衡分布统计图,据此完成1~3题。

1. 5~8月该冰川雪线的波动范围是( )

A. 3819~3950米

B. 3950~4020米

C. 4020~4120米

D. 4120~4210米

2. 5~8月该冰川降雪量的分布特点是( )

A. 从3810~4486米递减

B. 从3950米向上、下递增

C. 从3950~4486米递减

D. 从4210米向上、下递减

3. 该冰川补给的最主要季节是( )

A. 春季

B. 夏季

C. 秋季

D. 冬季

2017年12月我国成功进行了开发干热岩资源实验。干热岩是指埋藏于地下3~10千米,没有水或蒸汽,致密不渗透,温度在150℃以上的高温岩体。它是一种新兴地热资源,可广泛用于发电、供暖等。据此完成4~6题。

4. 干热岩主要属于( )

A. 岩浆

B. 喷出岩

C. 沉积岩

D. 侵入岩

5. 我国干热岩最主要分布在( )

A. 东南沿海

B. 华北地区

C. 西北内陆

D.青藏高原

6. 与传统地热资源相比,干热岩( )

A. 开发难度小,成本低

B. 埋藏较浅,分布广

C. 无季节变化,污染少

D. 产业链短,效率低

1946~1964年美国出生婴儿高达7600万人,这个群体被称为“婴儿潮一代”。“婴儿潮一代”对美国的政治、经济、文化有着巨大的影响。下图是1970年和2000年美国人口年龄金字塔统计图,据此完成7~8题。

7. 引起“婴儿潮一代”人口高增长率的最主要原因是( )

A. 战后经济恢复和发展

B. 鼓励生育的人口政策

C. 实行宽松的移民政策

D. 新时期科学技术革命

8. 随着“婴儿潮一代”步入中年期,美国人口增长特点转变为( )

A. 快速增长

B. 负增长

C. 稳定增长

D. 零增长

铁盖乡地处黄河上游龙羊峡地区,由于气候变化、超载放牧等原因,土地沙漠化率高达98.5%。黄河上游水电开发公司瞄准这片荒地建立光伏电站,几年后光伏产业园的草地植被得到缓慢恢复。为避免草长高影响光伏发电,公司要求牧民返回草场牧羊。光伏牧羊互补逐步进入良性循环,其农业模式经验得到推广。据此完成9~11题。

9. 黄河上游水电开发公司在铁盖乡建立光伏产业园的最主要原因是( )

A. 气候变干,白昼时间增长

B. 接近水电站,水电和光电互补

C. 土地面积大,劳动力廉价

D. 利用草场资源,光伏牧羊互补

10. 光伏产业园促使土地生产力恢复的最主要原因是光伏板能够( )

A. 降低风速,减少蒸发

B. 增加反射率,气温升高

C. 提升地温,增加降水

D. 调节气温,增加日较差

11. 草场恢复促使光伏发电量大增的最主要原因是( )

A. 蒸发增强,湿度增加

B. 气温升高,风力减小

C. 沙尘减少,晴天增多

D. 降水增加,气温降低

二、综合题

36. 阅读图文材料,完成下列要求。

近年来,云计算、大数据、人工智能已经成为世界经济发展的新引擎,各行各业的大发展都需要有数据中心的支撑。数据中心是指在一个物理空间内实现信息的集中处理、存储、传输、交换和管理,它包括数万台计算机设备、服务器设备、网络设备、存储设备、供电系统和冷却系统等。

美国达尔斯市(如下图所示)位于哥伦比亚河峡谷的出口处,是因兴建电站而发展起来的小镇。2005年初,当地政府批准谷歌公司以187万美元购买12万平方米土地,兴建全球数据处理能力最强的超大型数据中心。

(1)根据数据中心设备运行的特点,指出其选址的自然条件。(6分)

(2)分析数据中心落户达尔斯市的原因。(8分)

(3)阐述数据中心建设对达尔斯市经济发展的有利影响。(6分)

(4)为适应绿色环保发展的要求,推测全球数据中心布局的发展趋势。(4分)

37. 阅读图文材料,完成下列要求去。(22分)

热量资源是指某一地区在特定的气候条件下所能提供的热量多少。一般把气温高于0℃的部分,如无霜期、≥10℃的积温等“热量”,看作农业生产的有利条件。而把低于0℃的部分,如霜期等“冷量”,看作农业生产的限制条件,甚至作为灾害。

河北省沧州市海兴县由于地下水盐度高,缺乏淡水资源,盐碱地广布。海兴县根据盐度与结(融)冰的关系(如下图所示),进行咸淡分离,成功改造了盐碱地。他们利用“冷量”资源的经验是:在每年10月平整高低不平的土地,1月份气温低于0.5℃后,开始使用海水灌溉农田,直至海水结冰厚度达20~25厘米为止。3月份开春冰层完全融化下渗后,及时全田覆盖农用薄膜,然后种植作物。

(1) 描述盐度与结(融)冰的关系。(6分)

(2) 分析海兴县农田上覆冰层盐度垂直分布的特点。(6分)

(3) 海兴县利用“冷量”资源,海水灌溉农田成功“脱盐”,阐释其原理。(6分)

(4) 说明海兴县开春后全田覆盖薄膜的作用。(4分)

43. 【地理——选修3:旅游地理】(10分)

邮轮旅游是用邮轮将一个或多个旅游目的地联系起来的旅游方式。现代邮轮 (如下图所示)就像是流动型的大酒店,集食、住、行、娱、购于一身,使游客获得舒适的享受。近年来,随着我国经济高速发展,邮轮旅游风潮正在兴起,使我国旅游产业从游览观光逐渐向观光结合休闲度假的方式转型升级发展。

与传统旅游方式比较,分析邮轮旅游方式的优点。

44. 【地理——选修5:环境保护】(10分)

永久冻土是指0℃以下,并含有冰的各种岩石和土壤。它已经被冰封数千年、甚至几十万年,里面充满着死亡植物等有机质。青藏高原是多条大河的发源地,由于海拔高、气温低,拥有面积广袤的永久冻土层。最新研究结果表明:青藏高原上主要河流温室气体(二氧化碳、甲烷)的排放通量处于世界的中高水平,引起了一系列环境问题。

分析青藏高原上主要河流温室气体排放通量大的原因及其影响。

2018年广州市花都区中考一模英语卷含答案及评分标准

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