中石油职称英语新增文
章及注解
文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management
主持会议六大准则
If you are asked to（邀请……参加……） chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.
如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
1.Always start the meeting on time（按时，准时；按时付款）. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow.
1.总要准时开会。如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。
2.Assign（指定-人，安排） a note-taker or arrange to（安排）have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to(回忆、提及) an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date（在以后的日期）. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well（同样、也）.
2.安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题，做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点。
3.Learn to listen. So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process（在这个过程中、因此）, block out（封闭、阻碍）valid points（有效点、合理论点） that other group members may be contributing. Additionally（此外、再有）, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meeting that are characterized by （以…为特征、具有…的特性） effective listening are successful meetings.
3.学会倾听。常见的是，我们想的是我们将要说些什么，因此就妨碍了听取别的与会者说出的合理论点。再有，我们经常只听我们想要听的，而不是真正地倾听他人的意见。能有效倾听意见的会议是成功的会议。
4.Keep the discussion on track. Many times important issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If you anticipate a conflict（矛盾、冲突）prior to the meeting, discuss the issue with participants in advance（预先、提前）. If an unanticipated （意料之外）conflict develops once the meeting is in progress （正在进行、在发展中）, either appoint a subcommittee to look into（调查、观察） the problem, or ask participants involved in （包含、涉及） the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize
（尽可能少、最小化） the chances of wasting
participants’valuable time.
4.让讨论紧扣主题。往往许多重大问题在会议上容易离题，特别是当每位与会者对问题意见不同时。如果会前你已预料到会有冲突发生，那
就提前与当事人交换一下意见。如果会议期间有未曾预料到的冲突发
生，委派一个小组委员会对出现的问题予以调查，或者请卷入冲突的人
员会后与你再谈。这样能够让讨论紧扣主题，并尽可能少浪费与会者的
宝贵时间。
5.Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to （容易）monopolize（占用） meetings, whereas（然而、反之）others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism （批评）.
5.给每位与会者说出自己看法的机会。有些人易于滔滔不绝占据会议的大部分时间，而有些人则等着被别人叫才开口。作为会议主持人，你
需要思想开阔，无偏袒之心，确保每位与会者都能感到，表达自己的想
法是受欢迎的，不会受到别人非难。
6.End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for noly an hour. Meeting participants（参与者） tend to plan the rest of their day around the time allotted for the meeting. Running late（晚
点、超时） with a meeting makes members tardy for other appointments（约定）, increases（增加） the chances that members will mentally leave the meeting, and reduces（降低）your credibility as an effective meeting manager.
6．准时结束会议。如果你说了会议不会超过1小时，那就要保证会议只持续1小时。与会者的日程安排往往受到会议的左右。会议超时会导致他们迟赴别的约会，增加他们心不在焉的可能性，也会降低你作为一位善于主持会议的人的信誉。
10.The Dress Code for Office Life
办公室的着装礼仪
1. E very office has a dress code(着装要求)，but in today’s casual（随便的） workplace，they aren’t always written. Instead it is up to（应由、适于）each individual（每个人） to figure out（想出、理解） what’s acceptable（可以接受的） and what’s not. This actually makes it harder to dress appropriately（合适地、适当地）, but fortunately（幸运地） most offices also send out（发出、送出） a few signals.
1. 每个办公室都有其着装之道，但在当今较随便的工作场合中，着装规则并不总是明文写出。这就需要每位职员自己弄清楚什么是可以接受的，什么是不被接受的。这实际上增加了得体着装的难度，但好在大多数办公室也发出一些信号。
2. S tart by taking a cue（暗示、线索） from others. Does everyone wear conservative（保守的）suits Then you’d best follow suit. Are jeans and denim shirts the norm（规范） Then it’s okay to go causal, although（但是） you may want to dress up（着装） a little the first few weeks when the boss is sizing you up. This is especially（尤其）true if the boss doesn’t dress down as much as everyone else（其他所有人） does.
2. 先从别人身上寻得一些线索。是每个人都穿保守的套装吗那你最好也穿套装。牛仔裤和斜纹棉布衬衫是众人常穿的吗那着装随便些是不成问题的，可在最初几周内老板还在品评你时，你可能需要着装上心些。特别是如果老板并不像他人那样着装随便时，你更需上心些。
3. D on’t buck the system. The more conservative（保守的）your work place is, the riskier it is, in fact, to do this. Clothes are especially important in button-down（刻板拘泥的、温文尔雅的）environments（环境）, and while this may leave you chomping at the bit（不受约束） to reveal（展示） the real you, the risk（风险） usually isn’t worthwhile.
3. 不要违反潮流。事实上你工作的地方越是保守，你违反潮流所带来的危险也就越大。衣着在一丝不苟的环境中非常重要。你也许不愿受约束而想展示你的个人风格，但为此冒险通常是不值得的。
4. D ress-Down Fridays
4. 轻松着装的星期五
5. N owadays in many companies there is a relatively（比较）
new office custom（习惯）of dress-down Fridays. Yet people
still seem to be（看来、好像）unsure（不确定） how to
interpret it. Plus（况且、加上）, even dress-down days have
their unwritten rules.
5. 当今在许多公司有一个比较新的办公室习俗：在星期五轻松着装。
但对其如何界定人们似乎还不大有把握。况且即使是着装轻松的日子仍
有其不成文的规定。
6. M any people want to know if they actually（实际上） have
to dress down. Some people are uncomfortable（不安的、不习惯
的）doing so or don’t think they look their best in casual clothes. Let’s face it — a formal suit does stand out（突出、
引人注目） when everyone else is wearing sneakers and jeans, so you won’t to ignore（忽视） the custom entirely（完全地）. On the other hand, if you like how you look dressed up（精心装扮）, then do a little of both. Wear jeans or casual pants（休闲裤）
and a nice shirt and a jacket or a blazer. This way you won’t stand out, and you will still feel comfortable.
6. 很多人想弄知道他们是否真的要随意着装。有些人对随意着装并不
习惯，或认为他们穿便装不能显示出最好的精神面貌。说实话，如果别
人都穿胶底帆布鞋和牛仔裤，你一身西服革履的确有些太显眼，所以你
恐怕不应该全然忽视这一习俗。但在另一方面，如果你喜欢看上去精神
利落，那就两者都兼顾一些。下身穿牛仔裤或休闲裤，上身穿件讲究的
衬衫配夹克或宽松的外衣。如此着装你便不会太突出，自己还依然感到
舒服。
7. D on’t err too far in the other direction（方向） either. Nowhere do dress-down days mean that you can come to work in
your grubbiest（脏的） clothes. Some clothes are never meant to be seen by your fellow workers（同事）. Office casual typically means careMly tailored, well-made casual clothes. Leisure suits, sweats, or exercise clothes are best left at home 一 or in your locker（柜子） at the gym（健身房）.
7. 但也不要走到另一个极端。轻松着装绝不意味着你可以穿皱巴不洁
的衣服就来上班。有些衣服是绝不应让你的同事看到的。办公室便装往
往指的是精心裁剪、做工讲宄的便装。休闲衣、棉线衫、或运动服最好
留在家里一一或锁在体育馆的衣柜里。
8. D ressing Up for Work
8. 为工作精心着装
9. D ressing up for work can just as hard as dressing down. Dressy（盛装的） office Occasions（场合） include dinner with a client（客户），dinner at the boss’ s house, a banquet（宴
会），a client’s party，or an office holiday. For women especially, dressy clothes for business occasions are not the same as dressy clothes for purely（纯粹的） social occasions.
For work-related events, it ’ s better to skip the low-cut or slinky(紧身的) dress. Wearing it may forever change your image （印象）in ways you won’t particularly（特别） like. Opt（选择） instead for conservatively（适当地） cut clothes in conservative colors. Skip（忽略） anything with frills（装饰）or lace（花边） (except for a top under a suit) — and skip the bright red（鲜红）minidress（超短连衣裙）.
9. 为工作精心着装与轻松着装一样不易，需要精心着装的办公场合包括与客户共同进餐，在老板家吃饭，参加宴会、客户举办的晚会或办公室节日等等。特别是对于女职员，为生意场合精心着装与为纯粹社交场合精心着装并不一样。在与工作相关的场合中，最好不要穿开领很低或质地柔软包身的裙子。穿了也许会永远地改变你在他人心目中的形象，那肯定也是你所不希望的。选择式样、颜色保守的衣服。不要穿那些有花边或饰带的东西（除非是套服内的上衣）——也不要穿鲜红的超短连衣裙。
12.East Meets West in Relaxing Macau
澳门——东西方文化的交汇点
1. M acau(澳门) is largely unchanged since being returned to （回到） China on December 20th 1999 after 112 years as a Portuguese colony（殖民地） and visitors appreciate（欣赏） it.
1. 在经过112年葡萄牙殖民统治后，澳门于1999年12月20日回归中国，此后基本上保持原貌，游客们对此很欣赏。
2. M acau inhabitants（居民） regarded the handover（移交） as
a mere（只不过、仅仅是） change of administration. Certainly
（确实、的确）, you see fewer Portuguese faces on the streets nowadays, but there remains the curious(稀奇的、不同寻常的) mixture（融合、混合） of European flair and Far Eastern
tradition that make the city so special.
2. 澳门的居民认为这次移交仅仅是管理上的变化。的确，在今天澳门大街上你看不到多少葡萄牙人，但是这儿依然是欧洲风格与远东传统文化不同寻常的融合点，这使得它具有独特的城市风貌。
3. L ike its larger neighbour Hong Kong, Macau is now a special administrative region of China, but its special capitalist status（资本主义制度）is guaranteed for（被保持）
the next 50 years.
3. 与较大的近邻香港一样，澳门现在是中国的一个特别行政区，它保持资本主义制度的特殊地位将50年不变。
4. W hen you first glimpse（一瞥） Macau on the ferry（渡船）from Hong Kong, it looks less than impressive（令人深刻的）. The skyline is dull（平淡）compared to（与…相比） the imposing（雄伟的） glass skyscrapers（摩天大楼） of Hong Kong, and most people do not take the time to revise this first
impression（第一印象）, devoting no more than a day trip to it. But this does not do justice to（公平对待） this city of two cultures（两种文化）, which hides（隐藏） plenty of interesting secrets.
4. 当你从香港开来的渡船上第一次瞥一眼澳门时，它看起来并不起眼。同香港那雄伟壮丽的摩天大楼相比，澳门这个城市的轮廓显得并不鲜明，多数人只花不多于一天的时间去那里旅游，不愿多费时间去修正他们的第一印象。但是如此看待这座具有两种文化风格的城市是不公平的，这样很多有趣的东西就看不到了。
5. T he Macau Museum（博物馆）, which opened two years ago, offers an excellent introduction to the peninsula ’s past and present（过去与现在）. Children love it because it is full of technical(专门的、技术) paraphernalia（设备、东西）. You can press buttons to light up trade routes（贸易航线） on maps, or to hear the different typical（标准的、典型的） cries of Macau’s traders（商贩、酒店）.
5. 两年前开放的澳门博物馆极好地展示了半岛的过去和现在。孩子们都喜欢它是因为里面有各种各样高科技含量的东西。你按一下按钮就能将地图上的贸易航线照亮，还可以听一听澳门商贩那各具特征的叫卖声。
6. J ust a few metres from the Museum is the city’s most photographed symbol（象征、标志）: the ruins（遗址） of Sao
Paulo, the Jesuit church built in 1602, although today only its imposing stone facade remains.
6. 离博物馆不远处就是这个城市最具标志性的建筑：圣保罗旧址，建于 1602年的耶稣会教堂,尽管今天只有它那雄伟的石头砌成的正面仍保留下来。
7. W hile the majority of Macau’s inhabitants（居民） are Buddhist(佛教), some seven per cent are Catholic（天主教） and the religious sites of Macau testify to（证明、说明） the special mix of eastern and western cultures here. As well as the numerous churches inherited from Portuguese rule, there are very many different temples（寺庙）.
7. 大多数澳门居民是佛教徒，只有7%的居民是天主教徒，澳门的宗教故址就足以证明这里是东西方文化特殊的交汇点。除了葡萄牙人统治时期遗留下来的众多教堂之外，这里还有很多风格不一的寺庙。
8. T he largest is the Kun lam Tong（观音堂）. In the main hall（主厅、大厅） of this temple, giant spiral（螺旋） joss-sticks hang（垂挂） from the ceiling（天花板）, raining small piles of ash（灰烬） on the heads of visitors. Along the sides are smaller ancestors（祖先） rooms commemorating（纪念） the dead. There is also a room of plants which includes a special bonsai tree（盆景）, the trunk of which happens to be（恰巧）
shaped（形状） like the Chinese sign meaning long life（长命百岁）.
8. 最大的是观音堂。在这个观音堂的主厅内，巨大的螺旋形的香从天花板上垂吊着，它的灰烬落下来，一些落到了观光者的头上。堂的两厢是纪念己逝先祖的小房间。有一间房内放着盆景，其中有一棵树很特殊，这树的树干形状正像汉字的“寿”。
9. T he contrast（对比） between the peace of these temples and the bustle of Macau city could hardly be more stark. The lively pedestrian zone（步行街、行人区）flanked by（两侧）colonial buildings with their teeming side streets are not at all（一点也不）reminiscent of（令人回忆的）religious（宗教的）contemplation（意图、气氛）. Locals（当地人） and tourists saunter（闲逛）along with（连同、一起） shopping bags.
9. 这些寺庙的宁静与澳门城市的喧闹形成鲜明对比。行人区内十分热闹，四边都是殖民地风格的建筑，小街纵横交错，这里一点宗教气氛都没有。当地居民和旅游者都带着购物的袋子闲逛。
10. Macau, on the southeast coast（东南沿海）of China, consists of the Macau peninsula（半岛） and the two offshore islands（沿海岛屿） of Taipa and Coloane（环路岛） in the Pearl River delta（珠江三角洲）. Ninety-six per cent of the 450, 000 inhabitants are of Chinese origin（出身、祖籍）. Anyone who stays a few days, soon realises that the city is small but
charming（有魅力、迷人的）. You soon start to recognise a few faces, even the city tramps（流浪者） start to become familiar. Although the tourism industry would like to sell Macau as a
racy（生动的、有独特风味的）, modem city, its real appeal（吸引人的） is that it offers a very quiet, relaxing（令人轻松的）contrast to（与…形成对比） Hong Kong.
10. 位于中国东南海岸的澳门，包括澳门半岛和两个位于珠江三角洲的凼仔岛和路环岛。45万澳门居民中96%的人祖籍是中国。无论是谁在这儿逗留几天便很快意识到这个城市不大但富有魅力：你很快就能够辨认出一些面孔，甚至对这个城市的流浪汉也变得熟悉起来。虽然观光业想要把澳门作为一个富有特色的现代化城市，但其真正令人喜欢的是，与香港相比，它显得特别宁静和让人放松。
11. But Macau is one of（其中之一） the richest regions in Asia, with an annual per capita gross national product（人均国民生产总值） of more than 17, 000 U.S. dollars. This is mainly thanks to（多亏、由于）gambling. Forty per cent of all state（国家的）income（收入、收益） comes from the numerous （众多的） casinos（赌场） here, the only legally（合法地）operating gambling halls on Chinese territory（领域）.
11. 但是澳门也是亚洲最富的地区之一，它每年人均国民生产总值已经超过了 1.7万美元。这主要得益于博彩业。40%的政府收入来自于这里众多的赌场，这里有中国版图上唯一合法经营的赌场。
18. Unleashing（释放） Your Creativity（创造力）
释放你的创造力
1. I’ve always been an optimist（乐观主义者） and I supposed that is rooted in（深植于） my belief that the power of
creativity（创新） and intelligenc e（智慧） can make the world
a better place.
1. 我一直是个乐观主义者。我认为创新和智慧可以让世界更美好。这一观点已经深深扎根于我的信念中。
2. F or as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky（沉重的） old teletype machine and it could barely（几乎） do anything compared to（与…相比） the computers we have today. But it changed my life.
2. 从记事起，我就很喜欢学习新知识，解决问题。所以当我七年级第一次坐在电脑旁的时候，我一下子被吸引了。其实只是一台眶当作响的旧机器，跟现在的电脑比起来几乎什么都做不了。但是它改变了我的生活。
3. W hen my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft（微软公司） 30 years ago, we had a vision（构想、愿望）of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded a little too optimistic（乐观的）at a time（有时）
when most computers were the size of refrigerators（电冰箱）. But we believe that personal computers would change the world. And they have.
3. 30年前，我和朋友保罗艾伦开办微软的时候，我们有一个构想，
那就是“每家每个桌子上都有一台电脑”。那时候大部分电脑和冰箱一样大，所以可能这个想法听起来有些太乐观了。但是我们相信个人电脑将改变世界。现在己经实现了。
4. A nd after 30 years, I’m still as inspired by computers as
I was back in seventh grade.
4. 30年之后，我仍然像上七年级的时候那样为计算机而着迷。
5. I believe that computers are the most incredible(难以置信的) tool we can use to feed our curiosity（好奇心） and inventiveness, to help us solve problems that even the smartest （最聪明的）people couldn’t solve on their own.
5. 我相信电脑是最不可思议的工具。我们可以用它来满足我们的好奇心，发挥我们的独创能力，并帮助我们解决最聪明的人都不能独立解决的问题。
6. C omputers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge.
They’re helping us build communities（团体、群体） around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us9 no matter where they are.
6. 电脑己经改变了我们的学习方式，为孩子们提供了一个在任何地方都可以学习世界所有知识的窗口。电脑帮我们围绕我们关注的事物建立“群”，让我们和那些对我们来说很重要的人保持密切联系，不管他们
身处何方。
7. L ike my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky
to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work”. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as
ever（一直），but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when
we show people something new, like a computer that can
recognize your handwriting（指纹） or your speech（语音）, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos，and they say: “I didn’t know you can do that with a PC!”
7. 像我的朋友沃伦巴菲特一样，我为自己可以每天做喜欢的事情感到非常幸运。他把这个称之为“跳着踢踏舞去工作”。我在微软的工作总
充满挑战，但是让我“跳着踢踏舞去工作”的是当我们给人们介绍新产
品的时候，比如一台可以识别指纹或者语音的电脑或者一台能够储存一
生的珍贵照片的电脑，人们惊讶地说：“我无法想象你竟然可以用个人
电脑做到这个。”
8.But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity（创造
力） and intelligence（智慧） to work to improve（改变） our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose
basic needs（基本需要） go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases（疾病） that are easy to prevent（预防） or treat（治疗） in the developed world（发达国家）.
8. 但是，除了能用电脑做出很酷的事情之外，我们还可以用其他方式发挥创造力和智慧以改变世界。世界上还有很多很多人连基本需要都无法被满足。比如，每年有数百万人死于在发达国家很容易预防和治疗的疾病。
9. I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility（责任）to give back（归还） to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to（致力于）improving（改善、提高） health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.
9. 我相信我自己的巨额财富也使我负有回馈社会的责任。我的妻子梅林达和我致力于为尽可能多的人改善健康和教育。
10. As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant（心酸的） or tragic（不幸的） than the death of a child anywhere else and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense（巨大的） difference in these children’s lives.
10. 作为一个父亲，我相信非洲一个孩子的死亡和其他任何地方一个孩子的死亡一样令人心酸，悲痛不己。让这些孩子的命运彻底改变并不费事。
11. I’m still very much an optimist（乐观主义者）, and
I believe that progress（进步、发展） on even the world's toughest（最棘手的、最坚强的） problems is possible — and
it’s happening every day. We’re seeing new drugs（新药）for deadly diseases（致命疾病）, new diagnostic tools（诊断工具）, and new attention paid to（付款给）the health problems in the developing world（发展中国家）.
11. 我仍然是个非常乐观的人，我相信甚至是世界上最棘手的问题也可能会有进展一一这种事情每天都在发生。我们正在见证在发展中国家，治疗绝症的新药出现，新的诊断工具投入使用，医学问题受到更多关注。
12. I’m excited by（因…而激动） the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness（创造力）, creativity（创造性） and willingness（心甘情愿） to solve tough （困难的） problems, were going to make some amazing（令人惊喜的）achievements（成就）in all these areas in my lifetime.
12. 我为医药、教育，当然还有技术发展的诸多前景而欢欣鼓舞。我相信，凭借人类与生俱来的发明创造能力和不畏艰难、坚韧不拔
的品格，在我的有生之年里我们将在所有这些领域都创造出可喜的成就。
21.And All That Jazz
关乎爵士乐
1. H ave you ever heard the expression（说法、表达）, — and all that Jazz” When people say that today, it’s slang which means much the same thing as et cetera（等等）or “and so
forth（等等）.” You may use it yourself. Jazz, it seems, has had quite a few（相当多） meanings. Through the history（历史）of jazz, it has meant many different kinds of music to many different people.
1. 你听过这种说法吗，“像爵士乐一般，诸如此类的东西”现在人们把它用作俚语，意思和“等等”，“以此类推”类似。你自己可能就用过这个词。爵士乐似乎有多种含义，纵览其发展史，对不同人群来说爵士乐意味着不同的音乐形式。
2. I t’s interesting to know that jazz was first spelled a different way —jass. At that time, it referred to（被提及）
the old New Orleans style of music. This music came from the Negro（黑人的）religious（宗教） songs and songs of
celebration（庆典）. One major part of the music was its beat, of course. Another, and sometimes more important part, was the
模拟试題一 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1.I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ____ what color it was. A. make out B. look to C. look out D. take in 2.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been____ A. imposed B. exposed C. composed D. opposed 3.You should these tables and buy new ones. A. throw off B. throw down C. throw up D. throw away 4. _ ____ their suggestions， we will discuss them fully at the next meeting. A. In regard for B. In regard to C. With regard of D. Regardless for 5.On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ____ eye. A. naked B. bare C. flesh D. pure 6.Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. opportunities B. necessities C. probabilities D. realities 7.I found myself completely _ ____ by his vivid performance. A. carried out B. carried off C. carried away D. carried on 8.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success ____ him in his later study. A. persuaded B. promised C. urged D. encouraged 9.This is the first time you have been late. A. under no circumstances B. on no account C. by no means D. for no reason 10.The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red. A. set up B. catch up C. shut up D. pull up Section B Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.- 11.The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away. A. almost B. essentially C. always D. conveniently
1.The V alue of Time时间的价值 1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time. 1.employ v. 使用，采用，雇佣，使忙于 employer n. 雇主，老板 employee n. 雇员，从业人员 employment n. 使用，职业，雇佣 Employment rate 就业率，雇用率 2.Either …or… 要么…要么…; 二者择一的 Neither… nor… 两者都不 Both… and… 两者都 3.fetch 取来，接来，到达 4.add to增添，添加，加强 5.so as to 以便，以致 6.enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事 7.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问 8.think nothing of… 把… 视为平常 think a lot of… 看重；对… 高度评价 9.convertible adj. 可改变的，可交换的 convert v. … into… 使转变，转换，使…改变信仰 10.be equivalent to… 11.be tantamount to…相当于…; 无异于的 If you say one thing is tantamount to another, more serious thing, you are emphasizing how bad, unacceptable, or unfortunate the first thing is by comparing it to the second thing. 例句：What Bracey is saying is tantamount to heresy. 布里斯正在说的无异于异端邪说。 12.Think twice再三考虑，重新考虑 think twice about doing sth. 三思而后再决定做某事 13.Give one’s consent（n.）to sth…同意，赞成 例句：At approximately 11:30 p.m., pollard finally gave his consent to the search. 大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉得终于对搜查予以同意。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(26) The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜 1. Spacecraft from the United States and from Russia have been to the moon,and men have walked upon its surface. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become available in recent years. Yet with all we know about the moon,there is even more that we don't know. 1、美国和俄国的宇宙飞船都已经到达过月球，而且人类也在它的表面上行走过。月球上的岩石和土壤的样本，以及很多其它类型的信息，近些年来已经为人们所知所用了。不过除了我们所知道的关于月球的那些外，还有更多是我们不知道的。 2. Following the end of the Apollo space program,the National Geographic Society published an excellent set of articles about the moon. Here,in shorter form,are some questions and answers from one of these articles. For the full story,see the September,1973,issue of National Geographic. 2、在阿波罗太空计划结束后，国家地理协会出版了一组相关月球的极好文章。这里，以简短的形式截取了其中一篇文章重的部分问答。完整的内容，请见1973年九月发行的《国家地理》。 Were scientists right about what the moon would be like? 科学家关于“月球外貌”的描述是准确的吗? 3. Many were,of course,but many were mistaken. One said there was no lava on the moon. Another said that the moon material would explode as soon as an astronaut's boot touched it. One said there would certainly be water on the moon. Many
2015年全国职称英语考试理工类新增文章汇总 word版全网独一份 注：押题皇后王霞老师授意，新增文章仍然是考试热门文章，务必掌 握。 2015年职称英语教材理工类的变动比较小，一共只有5篇新增文章。2015年职称英语教材理工类新增的5篇文章，分布在阅读理解和补全短文：阅读理解理工C和理工B各新增一篇文章；补全短文理工A、B和C各新增一篇文章。完形填空理工类整体都没有新增文章。
理工C阅读理解新增文章 第九篇An Essential Scientific Process All life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live. The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet. 词汇： nutrient n.营养物 organism n.生物体，有机体 carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳 chloroplast n.叶绿体 molecule n.分子 vapor n.水蒸气 oxygen n.氧气 photosynthesis n.光合作用 chlorophyll n.叶绿素 glucose n.葡萄糖 cease v.停止 注释： 1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。 练习： 1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” means Aheavy. Bextra. Cgreen. Dliquid.
2016年. 【农民】__theirland. 丧失 ,__provedthathewasn'tworkinghardenough.非限制性定语 倒装句 Athens同位语 翻译：奥林匹克马拉松赛跑为26英里，385码.大约为马拉松到雅典的距离 ,wedecided totakethetrain.完成被动的非谓语动词形式 与…打成一片 【记录】theplain【平常的，简单的】facts【事实，真相】ofsmalltownlife. 非谓语动词 抚养 ：为了 ''tknowmorethanyoudo. ''llmoveinsoonandweneedtobuy__furniture. 【药方】 【生物学家】doesnotmerely【仅仅】describe【描述】organisms【有机物】,buttriestolearn__actastheydo. "Hashecomeback....Yes,he__back forthreedays. 【32课】同位语 翻译：生态学，即研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学，在石油地质中也很重要。 ,theearth__coveredbywater.【55课】虚拟语气
翻译：如果所有的大陆和山脉被推平，那么地球表面将被一层超过12000英尺深的水所覆盖。 "veryhappy".【5课】 翻译：拥有五个或更多亲密朋友的人自认“非常快乐”的机会高出他人50%。【不协调的，不相配的】withgoodhealth. ' ' 2017年 .【31课】 翻译：老人把手浸在盐水里，努力保持头脑清醒。 虚拟语气（过去相反） 翻译：Smith上周非常忙，否则他就去看你了。 . 非谓语动词 翻译：她需要买所有的东西，她将要离开市场，在小镇的街上再花费一个小时。 翻译：我很感激三年前给我的出国工作的机会。 ,__isclearfromtheexpressionsonhisface.【模拟三】as引导的非限制性定语从句翻译：他得了第一名，他脸上的表情清楚地表明了这一切。 . 【大纲原句】 翻译:直到后来他们才意识到发生了多么可怕的事情。 ,airtrafficcontrollersrelyonradar. 翻译：为了追踪机场航行中的飞机，空中交通控制台要用雷达。 ……to：太……而不能
第三部分短文翻译参考译文 、级翻译 ：科研方法不过是人类思维活动必要方式的表达，只是对一切现象进行推理并给予精确严谨解释的方式。你们都多次听说过，科学家在工作中使用的是归纳法和演绎法。在某种意义上说，他们借助于这些方法设法从自然界中找出某些大协作规律，并根据这些规律建立起自己的理论。 ：创造性的思想不仅能产生出适合时代和环境要求而自身生存的因素，而且在环境改变的压力下，可以由新的形式取代旧的形式。例如，民主作为一种思想起源于古希腊，并从那里传播至西欧和美洲。但民主并没有保留古希腊的形式，而是经历了数次改革过程。实质上民主是动态发展的，且根据不同地区需求而改变。因此，民主政府在形式上各不相同。 ：在雇员经常变换工作的新时代，劳务市场上的新成员可望每十年变换一个职业，变换工作的频率甚至更高。这种遍及西方商界的劳动力的模式和流动形式，是一个新的发展趋势。其部分原因在于中间管理层逐步取消，致使越来越多的式人自己负责个人的发展。让工人承担自我发展的责任也许颇具戏剧性，但如今已成了准则。 ：由于工业发展水平和获取食物及原料能力的不同，各国政府对于人口增长的态度也不相同。在发展中国家，人口急剧膨胀对有限的食物、
空间和自然资源带来极大压力，因此，政府首先关注的是人口控制。在高度工业化的国家里，由于人口减少会导致市场萎缩和失业，政府很可能更愿看到人口缓慢增长。 ：谈判包括说服和妥协，但是为了参与其中任何一项活动，谈判者必须懂得如何在谈判的文化背景下说服对方和达成妥协，。导致跨文化误解的两个突出特点是美国谈判者的直截了当和缺乏耐心。他们经常打坚持实现短期目标。外国的谈判者可能会珍视与对手建立的联系，愿意投入时间，获取长期利益。 ：曾几何时，有人对计算机、未来和“无纸化办公”做过大胆的预测。然而，实际情况明显反映出计算机不仅没有减少纸张数量，相反却使之增加。目前由于高速打印机和复印机的出现，制作高质量纸张文档已变得极为容易。尽管诸如电子邮件那样的不以纸张形式出现的文档数量还在迅猛增长，但人们对纸张的需求却并没有因此减少，因此，人们认为至少在不久的将来，在即将到来的几十年中，纸将继续在办公室中扮演重要角色。 ：工作本身是复杂、有趣并具有挑战性的，但它并不局限于一个或几个生产线、市场、买方类型、市场管理技能或职能的专业化。你必须获取多方面的商业活动的知识，理解国内外政府的法律、政策和规章，敏锐地洞穴国际贸易行为，至少要深刻理解商法的几个组成部分。 ：如果生活中有一个导致成功的因素的话，那就是从挫折中吸取教训的能力。据我所知，一切成功的取得，都是因为当事人能够分析挫折，并在下一次的事业中实际地得益于上次的挫折。如果把挫折与失败混同
职称英语新增文章一 职称英语文章一 1. On the night of August 17, 1959, at about 20 minutes before midnight, the ground in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently. At the time there was a rumbling sound, something like a huge truck would make. Both the heaving of the ground and the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds. 1、1959年8月17日的晚上，大约午夜前20分钟，黄石国家公园附近大地开始猛烈 摇动。同时，大地发出如同重型卡车发出的轰响。大地的升降和啸叫都令人非常害怕，但 是一切不超过45秒。 2. What was even more frightening was the sound of huge boulders which began rolling down the steep mountain. In one part of the upper reaches of the Madison River, a whole mountain began shifting, then came crashing down to fill the deep valley and dam the great river with millions of tons rock and trees. 2、更令人害怕的是巨石开始从陡峭的山上滚下来的声音。在麦迪生河上游的一条支 流处，一整座山开始移动，之后，它崩塌下来填满深深的山谷，上百万吨岩石和大树如坝 般阻挡住大河。 3. A dozen or more campers along the river were buried deep beneath the great landslide. Others were able to climb to safety, some of them badly hurt, but were trapped by the slide. Finally these people were saved, many of them by helicopter. 3、十几个，或许更多沿河的露营者被深埋在大滑坡下。幸存的野营者开始爬向较安 全的地方，其中一些人伤得很重，仍然不时陷入滑坡。最后这些人都获救了，其中多人得 救于直升飞机。 4. This earthquake near Yellowstone Park was just one of nearly a million that happen every year all over the world. And as bad as this quake was, many have been worse. Earthquake experts say that the Yellowstone quake of 1959 was about as bad as the one which hit San Francisco in 1906.But the San Francisco quake caused more damage because it struck in a place where there were so many people living. In San Francisco 700 person lost their lives. An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took 160,000 lives. In china in 1920 an earthquake took 200,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquake are so feared.
花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明： 1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。 2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。 3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。 中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理
2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第六篇 第六篇 The Apgar Test The baby was bom at 3：36 p. m. At 3：37，she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3：41，she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad. Another baby, bom at 8：24 p. m.，scored 3 out of 10 on his first test He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8：34 and scored 5. 1 He called for help1. These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. 2 Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6，the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth. The Apgar t est is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bom. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0，1，or 2. 3
2016年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feelawkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：The employee had to break off theconversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理 begin v.开始；启动；起始；开始存在（或进行） discontinue v.停止；终止；中断；终止（生产）
第五篇Tracking Down HIV In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells. By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died. In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.
2010年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类） 新增文章参考译文 第四部分阅读理解 第三篇 公民科学家 理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件——花开、叶子的出现、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落，所以他们向非科学家求助，这些非科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。 气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。因为在世界上有如此多的地方，没有足够的科学家来观察它们。所以他们请求你来帮助观察全世界气候变化的迹象。公民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方面——鸟儿、树木、花开等等——并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。这有助于数量有限的科学家得到如果只靠他们自己根本收集不到的巨大数据。就像公民记者帮助报道传统新闻报道方式所忽略的小型社区的相关信息一样，公民科学家也对他们所居住的环境很熟悉。所需要的就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集数据并发送过来。 一群科学家和教育家在去年发起了一个叫做纽约国家物候学的组织。“物候学”就是科学家们所说的在自然中研究每个事件的时间。 其中一个小组的首要尝试就是依靠科学家和非科学家来收集关于每年植物开花和长叶子的数据。这一项目叫做花季追踪计划，它收集遍布美国的各种各样的植物生长周期的数据。参与这一项目的人们——这一计划对所有人开放——把他们的观察记录在花季追踪计划网站上。 “人们不需要是植物学家——他们仅仅需要环视四周看看周围有什么。”Jennifer
Schwartz说，她是这项计划的教育顾问。“通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会有怎样的影响。” 第六篇 北极冰山融化 地球的北极和南极都以冰冷闻名。但是，去年北冰洋上的冰含量跌到了历史最低点。 正常情况下，每年冬天在北极附近的北冰洋开始结冰，并在夏天缩减。但是多年以来，在夏天结束时冰的含量在下降。 自从1979年以来，每l0年在夏季末的冰覆盖量都下降11.4％。在1981到2000年之间，北极冰的厚度下降了22％——变成了l.13米这么薄。 去年，北极的冰雪覆盖达到了最薄的程度。在2007年夏天快结束的时候，冰层已经缩减到只覆盖四百二十万平方公里。这比那年的平均覆盖面积少38％，比两年前最低记录少23％。这个持续的趋势令科学家们万分担忧。 冰雪融化有许多原因，话雅图华盛顿大学的海洋学家张金伦说，有许多原因导致了冰层融化。极不寻常的强风去年刮过大西洋，风把大西洋中部的冰散去，留下大面积的薄冰和没有冰覆盖的海面。 科学家们还怀疑在大西洋上空有比过去越来越少的云层。晴朗的天空使更多的阳光照射大西洋。升高的温度使水和空气都变温暖。在去年大西洋的部分海域，表面温度比平均温度高3.5摄氏度，比历史最高点还高l.5摄氏度。 由于空气和水都变暖，冰从上面和下面都开始融化。在波弗特海的部分海域，阿拉斯加的北部和加拿大的西部，夏天开始时冰的厚度为3.3米，但到了季末仅仅为50厘米。 新的测量表明，情况远远比科学家们仅仅从表面上看到的要严重得多，新罕布什尔州汉
Real World Robots When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic devi ce having the same general shape as a human being, performin g humanlike functions, and responding to your questions i n a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, bu t in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a r obot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficien tly carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by huma ns. T o d a y’ s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one t ask again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varyin g degrees of artificial intelligence— that is, a robot contains a computer program that tell s it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not posses s a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A