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马淑儿 浅谈初中英语看图短文填空的能力培养。

马淑儿 浅谈初中英语看图短文填空的能力培养。
马淑儿 浅谈初中英语看图短文填空的能力培养。

浅谈初中英语看图短文填空的能力培养。

小榄镇菊城中学马淑儿

【摘要】:本文以06,07,08三年的中考试题的看图短文填空为实例进行研究,分析了本大题学生得分相对较低的原因,同时借用历年试题,提出了解决本大题的应试策略,以及教师如何利用教材的图片资源和听力材料来整合资源,在日常的教学中培养学生的看图短文填空的能力。

【关键词】看图短文填空;策略;方法

英语短文填空有以下几种类型:1、给出首字母提示要求填空;2、给出单词要求根据句子意思填空;3、什么提示都不给,要求根据上下文填单词(一空一词)4、完形填空;5、看图短文填空。本文主要讨论广东省中考试卷中出现的完形填空和看图短文填空这两大题型。这两题各占试卷的10%和15%,同时,也是学生在考试中得分率较低的题目之一。

一、分析得分率较低的原因。

1、认识上存在畏惧心理。

农村的学生平时不注重英语课外知识的阅读,很少收看英语类的节目和电台,只学习老师和课本教的知识,造成知识面比较窄,基础薄弱的局面。

在做看图短文填空这类题目时候,甚至看也不看,就跳过去,就连试一下的念头也没有。

2、思想上不够重视。

看图短文填空这类题目最早出现在2007年的中考题中,分值10分;到2008年、2009年的中考,分值为15分。这是考查考生综合语言运用能力,中考中往往是一空一词,一空1.5分,是一个拉分的题目。笔者发现,在中考的评卷过程中,本题的答案并不是唯一的,只要是意思接近,时态、形式相同的词都可以酌情给分。因此,在平时备考中,教师应该引导学生从思想上重视它,平时认真学习和训练,独立思考,运用老师教的解题技巧尽力做。

3、知识上不够扎实。

看图短文填空要求考生能借助单个图画或者连环画和上下文来补充所缺的信息,每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。它考查的知识面很宽、很广,方方面面都可以考查到。但考查的知识也是学生学习过,并且是熟悉的,教师要引导学生练好基本功,认真做题,思考、总结发现规律,积累知识和经验。(张彦)

二、寻找应试的策略与方法。

1、认真观察图片,寻找相关的单词。根据历年中考,图片上至少可以找到

2至3个相关联的单词。如:07年广东省中考第九大题:

They went to the _______(71)and bought their tickets.

本题在第一个图片上可以推断填station.

Without saying a word to his friend, he put it in his ________(74).

本题可以根据第二个图片,那男人把车票放进口袋,而填写pocket.

“Perhaps you’d better hide under the ________ (79)so that the conductor

won’t see you.

本题可以根据第三个图片有一张椅子,填写chair 或seat.

David handed him ___________(80)tickets and said,…….

本题可以根据第四个图片David 给列车员出示了两张车票而填two.

再如:06年广东省中考的第九大题,看图填写单词从单个的图片就可以

填写到piano; ears这两个单词。

再如:08年广东省中考试题的看图填词是关于一个叫Tom的小男孩帮人

擦鞋子的故事。从图片上,考生应该可以完成71.shoes和https://www.doczj.com/doc/db17417822.html,ughing这

两个单词。

2、平时注意积累基本词汇的意思。

短文考查的词汇通常不会太难,太复杂,往往是出现频率较高的单词。

06年中考考了名词5个(piano; father; teacher; ears; money);动词3个(pay;

finished; stop);形容词1个(ready);副词1个(badly)

07年中考考了名词5个(station; ticket; pocket; train; seat; );动词3个(picked; looked; find);不定式1个(somewhere);数词1个(two).

08年中考考了名词1个(shoes);形容词4个(clever; dirty; angry; called);

动词2个(clean; returned);连词1个(unless);词组2个(to his surprise; laugh at).

由此可见,在平时的教学中应加强学生单词的记忆和运用,否则单词写不出、用不来,也是于事无补的。

3、掌握和灵活运用词组的能力。

如08年的广东省中考试题中的看图短文填空:

But to his surprise(78), the well-cleaned show was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Mr. Miser looked around. People in the street were laughing(79) at him. 其中就用到了to one’s surprise ; laugh at 两个很简单的词组。

再如06年广东省中考试题中的看图短文填空:

“All right,”Mr. White said, “I will pay(72) you to have lessons for six weeks……”这里考查了词组pay for

08年:David was behind him and quickly picked(73)up.这里考查了捡起pick up

这个词组。

这些词组在初中阶段的学习中经常会运用到。但有的考生就是就是记不住,或者记住了,又不会运用。因此,在教学中教师要求学生对固定的,常见的词组

加强记忆,同时在教学中要精编一些重要词组的练习帮助学生掌握并灵活运用。笔者在听取了三鑫双语学校一位教师的公开课时,她就是编写了固定短语的复习

内容:

(1)One day, Jimmy ____________ a bad cold. The doctor looked him _________ very carefully.

(2)We always look the new words ___________ in the dictionary.

(3)We have to put ____________ the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.

(4)Betty is always busy ________ her study.

她设计这一环节给我的启示:在中考复习固定短语的练习中不能只是默写短语,而是放在具体的句子、语境中来复习,学生才会运用。

4、注意联系上下文。

在近三年的中考试题中,短文填空考查了学生对前后或上下文的分析和理解。如:06年“Daddy, can I learn to play the piano? I will try very hard.”Sarah asked

her father(72), Mr. White.本72小题填写father 这一单词可以根据句子开头的daddy 这一词,当然,填写daddy ; dad 这些答案也对。

再如:07年 “Have another look, Bob; it must be somewhere(78),”said David. “No, I can ’t find it anywhere. What shall I do?”本78题可以根据后面提到的anywhere 的提示,填写somewhere.

08年“Mr. Wiser was very angry(77). He refuse to pay anything and went away.”从“He refuse to pay anything and went away.”可以推测angry 这一形容词。

纵观三年的中考试题,只要考生在阅读文章的时候仔细分析上下文,答案就在文中。

5、注意语法交际运用。

因为本题要求考生填写的是形式正确的单词,因此语法交际运用在本题中考查最多的:根据上下文有的考名词的复数;形容词的比较级、最高级;动词的各种时态的形式转换;有的考冠词;有的考时态和语态等等。要求考生对每个知识点要考虑周全,才能准确完整的填写出来。如06年的ears; finished; badly;07年的picked ; looked; 08年的shoes; called; laughing; returned 等这些都需要注意到名词的复数和动词的形式。

三、 开发利用教材图片资源,促进学生的阅读填词能力。

英语课程标准指出:“积极开发和合理利用课程资源是英语课程实施的重要组成部分”。英语课程要力求合理利用和积极开发课程资源,给学生提供贴近学生实际、贴近生活、贴近时代的内容健康和丰富的课程资源。因此,在英语课程的实施过程中,我们应该善于广泛开发和充分利用各种能够课程资源。(左慧芳)

《新目标》教材中有丰富的图片资源,教师可以把这些图片整合,编成看图短文填空的形式出现在课堂上训练。如:《新目标》九第八单元section B 的2a,可以利用书本上的图片,把听力材料改成看图短文填空的形式呈现给学生。

Jimmy is the (1)___________ boy. He is the boy who (2)________ up old bikes and (3)_________ them away. He finds or (4)________ old bikes that nobody wants. He takes (5) __________ his father. His father is always(6) _________ others. And his parents must be(7) ______ of him. But now he (8)________ out of money. He needs to (9)___________ up some ideas to get money, or he will (10)_______.

笔者在教学中先让学生根据图片的意思填好短文,然后播放听力材料,学生一边听一边改正填好的答案,这样就可以达到听和写的目的。

再如:《新目标》九年级unit 10的self-check 部分第2题,“Look at the pictures and write about LuoMing ’s day.”教师可以根据图片编写短文,训练学生的填词能力。

四、 结束语

看图短文填空作为中考的一道题型,教师在平时的教学中注重应试的策略与方法的渗透。同时,在教学中多开发、积累素材,利用课程资源设计题目,让学生达到练习巩固的目的。 2 3

参考文献:

1.教育部《英语课程标准(试验)》,北京师范大学出版社,2003

2.左慧芳“开发利用教材听力资源,提高学生听说读写技能”,

《中小学英语教学与研究》2009年第5期

3. 张彦“如何培养初中学生英语短文填空的能力”,《中小学英语教学与研究》2009年第5期

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