2011年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(上海卷)
一、阅读理解( 本大题共 5 题, 共计40 分)
1、(8分)
The teacher who did the most to encourage me was，as it happens，my aunt.She was Myrtle C．Manigault，the wife of my mother's brother Bill.She taught me in second grade at all-black Sumner School in Camden，New Jersey.
During my childhood and youth，Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential，without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing；she listened to my voice and pronounced it good.I couldn't dance；she taught me the basic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre—not just children's theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.
My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me.I had books at home，but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour，and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel through her.
Most important，perhaps，Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers，she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”．My column，begun when I was fourteen，was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material，the discipline of meeting deadlines，and，after graduation from college six years later，a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.
Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”．Like a diamond，she has reflected a bright，multifaceted（多面的）image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.
（1）Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?
A．She lent her some serious classics.
B．She cultivated her taste for music.
C．She discovered her talent for dancing.
D．She introduced her to adult plays.
（2）What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A．A book of great fun.
B．A writer of high fame.
C．A serious masterpiece.
D．A heartbreaking play.
（3）Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to______. A．develop her capabilities for writing
B．give her a chance to collect material
C．involve her in teenage social activities
D．offer her a series of writing jobs
（4）We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.
A．trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined
B．gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential
C．emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils
D．helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning
2、(6分)
Humpback whales
Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.The name“humpback”，which is the common name for this whale，refers to the typical curve shape the whale's back forms as it dives.
Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings，as the whale reaches the height of the breach.
A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.
The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins，which may be up to a third of the body length，and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like fingerprints：no two are the same.
Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.
Quick Facts
Size：14 m-18 m in length；30-50 tons in weight
Living
environment：
Open ocean and shallow coastline waters
Migration：From warm tropical（热带的）waters，where they breed，to cold polar waters，where they eat
Diet：Shellfish，plants and fish of small size
Hunting：Sometimes in groups，in which several whales form a circle under the water，blowing bubbles that form a “net”around a school of fish.The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.
Current state：Endangered：it is estimated that there are about
5000-7500 humpback whales worldwide.
（1）According to Quick Facts，a humpback whale ______.
A．cannot survive in waters near the shore
B．doesn't live in the same waters all the time
C．lives mainly on underwater plants
D．prefers to work alone when hunting food
（2）To make a breach，a humpback whale must ______.
A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the water
B．twist its body sideways to jump high
C．blow two streams of water
D．communicate with a group of humpbacks
（3）From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale______.
A．has its unique markings on its tail flukes
B．has black and white fingerprints
C．gets its name from the way it hunts
D．is a great performer due to its songs
3、(8分)
Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain，a group of leading archaeologists（考古学家）says.In a letter addressed to the justice secretary，Ken Clarke,40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue.It centres on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years，regardless of their age.The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.
“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied，whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension，is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice，” they write.
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites，including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC.Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time，but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk，where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago.If human remains were found at Happisburgh，they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was.Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
Before 2008，guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest，while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains.The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary，but has so far failed to revise it.
Mike Parker Pearson，an archaeologist at Sheffield University，said：“Arch aeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem，but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”
The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be returned，or on what records should be kept.
（1）According to the passage，scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ______.
A．it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
B．it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
C．it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
D．it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
（2）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B．Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.
C．Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. D．Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
（3）What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A．The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.
B．The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.
C．The law on human remains hasn't changed in recent decades.
D．The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．New discoveries should be reburied，the government demands
B．Research time should be extended，scientists require
C．Law on human remains needs thorough discussion，authorities say
D．Law could bury ancient secrets for ever，archaeologists warn
4、(10分)
Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.There is one extra heading which you do not need.
A.Manufacturing industry in information economy
B．News in the age of information
C．Argument about individual accounts and their
reliability
D．Be your own investigative journalist.
E．Don't believe everything you read in the
newspapers.
F．Information is presented in an entertaining way.
（1）
With the arrival of the age of “information economy”，intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than https://www.doczj.com/doc/e8289073.html,anisations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information.So people of the Public Relations are hired
to speak for them.A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists.In the information age，journalists spend their time，not investigating，but passing on the words of a spokesperson. （2）
There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper's owner，Lord Copper.The editors can never disagree with him.When he's right about something they answer “definitely”，and when he's wrong they say “to some extent，Lord Copper.”It seems reasonable to suppose that，in the real world，the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.
（3）
In countries where the news is not officially controlled，it may be provided by commercial organisations who depend on advertising.The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings.I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show.In Britain，we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment.There is progressively less room for historical background，or statistics，which are harder to present as a sensational story.
（4）
There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want.People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms.But what it will mean also is that we'll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies.Any web log may contain the latest information of the year，or equally，a made-up story that you will never be able to check.
（5）
Maybe the time has come to do something about it，and I don't just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper.In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version，you only have two choices，switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust.The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.
5、(8分)
Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure，the organisations are getting less flexible.So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.
One solution to this problem would，of course，be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group.By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other，larger organisations can be built up.However，merely having groups of，say,150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organisation.Something else is needed：the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships.To allow free flow of information，they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way.Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.
The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station.Whether by chance or by design，it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station.The whole process worked very smoothly as an organisation for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation.Then，for no apparent reason，the work seemed to be more difficult to do，not to say less satisfying.
It was some time before they worked out what the problem was.It turned out that，when the architects were designing the new building，they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it.And with that，they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organisation.What had apparently been happening was that，as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room，useful information was casually being exchanged.
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.）
（1）What size of an organisation may lead to communication failures?
_____________________________________________________________________ ___
（2）What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organisation?
_____________________________________________________________________ ___
（3）After the TV station moved into new accommodation，its operation ______. （4）From the case of the TV station，we can conclude it is ______ that make（s）an organisation more successful.
二、汉英翻译( 本大题共 5 题, 共计15 分)
1、(3分)
你为什么不在网上订票呢？（Why）
_____________________________________________________________________ ___
2、(3分)
我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。（mistake）
_____________________________________________________________________ ___
3、(3分)
对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。（compare）
_____________________________________________________________________ ___
4、(3分)
自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。（No longer）
_____________________________________________________________________ ___
5、(3分)
如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。（whatever）_____________________________________________________________________ ___
三、书面表达( 本大题共 1 题, 共计30 分)
1、(30分)
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启事
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儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2000元。
有意者请来信告知：
1）你个人的基本情况；
2）你对申请项目的具体设想；
3）项目经费的使用计划。
联系方式：2011hope@https://www.doczj.com/doc/e8289073.html,
2011年6月7日
四、单项填空( 本大题共16 题, 共计16 分)
1、(1分)
Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.
A．throgh B．up C．with D．from
2、(1分)
To stay awake，he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______.
A．the other B．other C．the others D．another
3、(1分)
It's no use ______ without taking any action.
A．complain B．complaining
C．being complained D．to be complained
4、(1分)
I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes. A．can't B．mustn't C．daren't D．needn't
5、(1分)
When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage，she wondered how they had managed with ______ money.
A．so few B．such few C．so little D．such little
6、(1分)
It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party，______？
A．doesn't it B．does it C．don't they D．do they
7、(1分)
After getting lost in a storm，a member of the navy team ______ four days later. A．rescued B．was rescued
C．has rescued D．had been rescued
8、(1分)
The rare fish，______ from the cooking pot，has been returned to the sea. A．saved B．saving C．to be saved D．having saved
9、(1分)
At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind，______ that he could do nothing to help.
A．to realize B．realized C．realizing D．being realized
10、(1分)
Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?
A．would sign B．signed C．have signed D．had signed
11、(1分)
There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A．what B．if C．how D．that
12、(1分)
If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won't bother to see it，or I'll wait ______ it comes out on DVD.
A．whether B．after C．though D．until
13、(1分)
The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live a safe life. A．in case B．as if C．in order that D．only if
14、(1分)
The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ______ others actually understand.
A．why B．that C．which D．what
15、(1分)
You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family.
A．which B．where C．when D．as
16、(1分)
Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，e-mailing...but we seem ______ the art of communicating face -to -face.
A．losing B．to be losing
C．to be lost D．having lost
五、填空题( 本大题共 1 题, 共计9 分)
1、(9分)
Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e8289073.html,unched
B.unpleasant
C.applying
D.technically
E.impact
F.coating
G.fixed
H.miraculously
I.superior,
J.advances
How would you like to wear the same underwear（内衣裤）for weeks？Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials，this may not be as __（1）__ as it sounds.Self-cleaning clothes have now been created，and these new materials provide __（2）__ resistance to dirt as well as water.As a result，they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.
The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products.This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”．The name comes，of course，from the lotus leaves，which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost __（3）__ clean.By observing nature，scientists are __（4）__ the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered.Because of this，some remarkable new products have been __（5）__.Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water.A special __（6）__ on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces，but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain.In fact，these new windows have already been （7）__ to some cars.Even when traveling at high speed through rain，these cars never have to use their windshield wipers（雨刮器）．Although we have already seen some practical applications，even more dramatic __（8）__ will be made in the future，and they will，perhaps，change our world completely.Undoubtedly，technology is an important development，and it will have an even bigger __（9）__ on our lives.
六、完形填空( 本大题共 1 题, 共计30 分)
1、(30分)
Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining（留住）customers.It sounds simple and achievable.But，_（1）__，words of wisdom are soon forgotten.Once companies have attracted customers they often __（2）__ the second half of the story.In the excitement of beating off the competition，negotiating prices，securing orders，and delivering the product，managers tend to become carried away.They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—__（3）__ that the customer remains a customer.
__（4）__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs businesses huge amounts of money annually.It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year.In constantly changing __（5）__，this is not surprising.What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organisations beginning to wake up to these lost opportunities and calculate the __（6）__ implications.Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big _（7）__ in its performance.Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting（流失的）customers led to _（8）__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.
In the US，Domino's Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years.A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and _（9）__ never returns，is losing the company thousands of dollars in __（10）__ profits （more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience）．
The logic behind cultivating customer _（11）_ is impossible to deny.“In practice most companies' marketing effort is focused on getting customers，with little attention paid to __（12）_ them”，says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University's School of Management.“Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.__ （13）__ customers tend to buy more，are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.Furthermore，they tend to be less price __（14）__，and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising.Retaining customers also makes it __（15）__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of market.”
（1）A.in particular B．in reality C．at least D．first of all
（2）A.emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe
（3）A.denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving
（4）A.Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing
（5）A.markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses
（6）A.cultural B．social C．financial D．economical
（7）A.promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference
（8）A.cost B．opportunity C．profit D．budget
（9）A.as a result B．on the whole C．in conclusion D．on the contrary （10）A.huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable （11）A.beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest
（12）A.altering B．understanding C．keeping D．attracting
（13）A.Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected （14）A.agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive
（15）A.unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient
2011年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(上海卷)
一、阅读理解( 本大题共 5 题, 共计40 分)
1、(8分)
（1）D
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，作者的舅妈经常带她去看成年人的戏剧。（2）A
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推断，这本书一定是幽默好玩的。
（3）A
推理判断题。根据第四段内容可以推断，舅妈把作者推荐给一位报纸的编辑，目的是为了培养作者的写作能力。
（4）B
推理判断题。根据作者讲述的舅妈对自己人生的重要影响，结合最后一段可推断，作为一名教师，舅妈在开发学生潜能方面给学生带来极大的自信。
2、(6分)
（1）B
细节理解题。根据Quick Facts中的Living environment内容可知，驼背鲸并不总是生活在相同的水域中。
（2）A
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，为了跳出水面，驼背鲸必须借助于它强有力的尾叶。
（3）A
细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，驼背鲸尾叶上有很多的斑点，黑白两种颜色，像指纹一样独特。
3、(8分)
（1）B
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句与第二段内容可知，考古学家们对这项法律十分不满，因为他们觉得这项法律不合情理，对他们所从事的研究工作极具毁灭性。（2）C
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，虽然延长了时间，但是人类的遗迹将不得不被重新埋入地下。
（3）D
推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句可知，两年前，司法行政部门向考古学家们保证说这项法律只是暂时的，但迄今为止没做任何修订，这充分说明该部门在这项法律方面做的工作远远不够。
（4）D
主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了英国的一项法律，那就是所有出土的人类遗迹将被重新埋到地下，为此，考古学家们十分忧虑，他们担心一些古代的秘密将永远无法被揭开，因此最佳标题为D项。
4、(10分) （1）～（5）BEFCD
5、(8分) （1）An organisation of more than 200 individuals.
（2）Structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationships. （3）seemed to be more difficult/less satisfying
（4）the close social networks/the free flow of information/the casual communication
二、汉英翻译( 本大题共 5 题, 共计15 分)
1、(3分) Why not/Why don't you book tickets online?
2、(3分) I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar.
3、(3分) As for parents，nothing can be compared with their children's physical and mental health.
4、(3分) No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further education.
5、(3分) If you can find whatever learning method（that）suits you，your learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.
三、书面表达( 本大题共 1 题, 共计30 分)
1、(30分) 略
四、单项填空( 本大题共16 题, 共计16 分)
1、(1分)
A
考查介词。句意：毕业是感谢那些帮助你度过艰苦岁月的人的好时候。through 在此处意为“度过，经过”。
2、(1分)
D
考查代词。句意：为了保持清醒，他喝完一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。the other通常指“两者中的另一个”；other单独使用时，不能用作代词；the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部；another指不定数目中的“另一个”。
3、(1分)
B
考查非谓语动词。句意：只抱怨而不采取任何行动是没有用的。It's no use doing sth.是固定句型，其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语。
4、(1分)
D
考查情态动词。句意：我不必担心我的周末，我总是在周末到来之前做好计划。can't不能，mustn't禁止，不许；daren't不敢；needn't不必。
5、(1分)
C
考查形容词。因为money是不可数名词；few只修饰可数名词，排除掉A、B两项，当little，much，few，many等表示数量多少的词修饰名词时，通常与so连用。
6、(1分)
B
考查反意疑问句。在该题干中，要反问的是主句，不是从句，排除C、D两项；主句用了否定形式，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式。
7、(1分)
B
考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语four days later可判断，此处用一般过去时；主语与动词rescue之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。
8、(1分)
A
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语形式修饰主语the rare fish，因为主语与动词save之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。
9、(1分)
C
考查非谓语动词。主句的主语I与动词realize存在主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。
10、(1分)
A
考查动词时态。根据句首的助动词did可知，主句使用的是一般过去时，结合句意可判断，宾语从句用过去将来时。
11、(1分)
D
考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，该从句为同位语从句，具体说明evidence 的内容。同位语从句中不缺少任何成分，排除A、C两项；if不能引导同位语从句，故排除。
12、(1分)
D
考查状语从句。句意：如果许多人说一部电影不好看，我就不会费心去看，或者我等着直到能在DVD上观看。whether是否；after在……之后；though虽然，尽管；until直到……时，到……为止。
13、(1分)
C
考查状语从句。为了让我们这些人过一种安全的生活，我们城市的警察们十分努力地工作。in case免得，以防；as if 仿佛，好像；in order that为了；only if只要……就……。
14、(1分)
D
考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，介词of后面是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中understand后面缺少宾语，故选what。why不能作宾语；that引导宾语从句时，不作成分；which意为“哪一个，哪一些”，不合句意。
15、(1分)
A
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，which在此处引导定语从句，修饰taxis，which 在定语从句中作hire的宾语。where和when只能作状语，故排除；as引导定语从句时，常用于一些特殊结构中。
16、(1分)
B
考查非谓语动词。seem后面不能接动名词形式，排除选A、D两项；to be lost 后面不能接宾语，故排除。seem to be doing sth.表示“似乎正在做某事”。
五、填空题( 本大题共 1 题, 共计9 分)
1、(9分) （1）～（9）BIHCAFGJE
六、完形填空( 本大题共 1 题, 共计30 分)
1、(30分)
（1）B
根据上下文并结合常识可知，“事实上，智慧的话语很快就会被忘记”。in particular 特别，尤其；in reality实际上，事实上；at least至少，起码；first of all首先，最初。
（2）C
一旦公司吸引到了顾客，他们往往容易忽略另外一点，那就是留住顾客。emphasize强调，着重；doubt怀疑；overlook忽视，忽略；believe相信，认为。（3）B
他们认为生意中最无聊的一面其实也是最重要的一面，那就是设法留住顾客，确保顾客成为他们的回头客。deny否认；ensure确保，保证；argue争论，争辩；prove证明。
（4）D
根据下文内容可知，不能集中精力吸引顾客和留住顾客每年会让公司遭受巨额损失。fail to do sth.意为“不能或没能做某事”。
（5）A
根据上下文并结合常识可知，顾客流失是市场（markets）不断变化的必然结果，所以不足为奇。
（6）C
直到现在，一些机构才开始意识到这些失去的机会并开始计算所涉经费。financial implication意为“所涉经费”。
（7）D
根据下文内容可知，缩减公司失去的顾客数量将会产生巨大的影响，带来高额利润。make a big difference意为“有很大差别，有很大的关系或影响”。
（8）C
美国的一项研究发现，顾客流失的数量减少5%的话，那么公司利润将增加25%到85%。
（9）A
顾客第一次来就买到质量差的产品或接受到较差的服务，结果就可能不会再次光临。as a result因此，结果；on the whole大体上，基本上，总的看来；in conclusion 最后，总之；on the contrary相反，正相反。
（10）B
根据后面括号中的句子可知，这种损失是潜在的利润，所以用potential。huge巨大的；extra额外的，外加的；reasonable通情达理的，合理的。
（11）B
要想留住顾客，自然要培养顾客对公司的忠诚之心。belief信念，信仰；loyalty 忠诚，忠心；habit习惯；interest兴趣。
（12）C
根据上文内容可知，实际上，很多公司只注重吸引顾客，而不关注留住顾客（keeping them）。
（13）C
established意为“确立的，确认的，常设的”，在此处修饰customers，可理解为“常客”或者“老顾客”。
（14）D
因为是老顾客，可能对产品的价格也就不那么敏感多疑了，并可能为公司提供免费的口头广告。
（15）B
根据常识可知，公司留住了顾客，就会使竞争对手进入市场或增加他们的市场份额变得困难。
2020年上海市初中毕业学业统一考试 语文试卷 考生注意： 1.本试卷共26题。 2.试卷满分150分，考试时间100分钟。 3.请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上，做在试卷上一律不计分。 一、文言文（40分） ㈠默写（16分） 1.清晨入古寺，。常建《题破山寺后禅院》 2.青山横北郭，。李白《送友人》 3.相见时难别亦难，。李商隐《无题》 4.其必曰：“，后天下之乐而乐”乎！范仲淹《岳阳楼记》 5.纪录片《航拍中国》有一组镜头展现了祖国秋季的绚丽色彩，我们可用白朴《天净沙秋》中的句子“，”为画面配字幕 （二）阅读下面两段选文，完成第6—9题（12分） 【甲】橘逾淮为枳（节选） 王视晏子曰：“齐人固善盗乎？” 晏子避席对曰：“婴闻之，橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳，叶徒相似，其实味不同。所以然者何？水土异也。今民生长于齐不盗，入楚则盗，得无楚之水土使民善盗耶？” 王笑曰：“圣人非所与熙也，寡人反取病焉。” 【乙】公输（节选） 公输盘曰：“夫子何命焉为？” 子墨子曰：“北方有侮臣者，愿借子杀之。”公输盘不说。 子墨子曰：“请献千金。” 公输盘曰：“吾义固不杀人。” 子墨子起，再拜，曰：“请说之。吾从北方闻子为梯，将以攻宋。宋何罪之有？荆国有余于地，而不足于民。杀所不足而争所有余，不可谓智；宋无罪而攻之，不可谓仁；知而不争，不可谓忠；争而不得，不可谓强；义不杀少而杀众，不可谓知类。” 公输盘服。
6.两段选文都讲了春秋战国时期的故事，《橘逾淮为枳》选自《》，《公输》选自诸子百家中家的经典著作。（2分） 7.用现代汉语翻译下面好句子。（3分） 齐人固善盗乎？ 8.下列对选文内容理解正确的一项是（）。（3分） A.【甲】文体现了楚王是个善于纳谏、知错能改的人。。 B.【乙】文突出公输盘是个狂妄自大、固执己见的人。 C.晏子的辩驳义正辞严、墨子的说理诙谐幽默。 D.言辞交锋后，晏子使对方理屈，墨子令对方折服。 9.选文通过对话，表现出晏子和墨子都具有和的特点。（4分） （三）阅读下文，完成第10—12题（12分） 刘弇遇东坡 刘伟明弇①少以才学自负，擢高第，中词科，意气自得，下视同辈。绍圣初，因游一禅刹，时东坡谪岭南，道庐陵，亦来游，因相遇，互问爵里②姓氏。伟明遽对曰：“庐陵刘弇。”盖伟明初不知其为．东坡。自谓名．不下人，欲以折服之也。乃复问东坡所从来。公徐应曰：“罪人苏轼。”伟明始大惊，逡巡，致敬曰：“不意乃见所畏③。”东坡亦嘉其才气，相与剧④谈而去。【注】①刘伟明弇（yǎn）：弇是刘伟明的字。②爵里：爵，爵位；里，故乡。③不意乃见所畏：没想到竟然见到我敬畏的人。④剧：痛快。 10.解释下列句中加点词。（4分） ⑴盖伟明初不知其为．东坡（）⑵自谓名．不下人（） 11.对画线句的理解，最恰当的一项是（）。（3分） A.（伟明）于是又问东坡从什么地方来 B.（伟明）于是反复问东坡从什么地方来 C.（伟明）于是又问东坡是跟着谁来的 D.（伟明）于是反复问东坡是跟着谁来的 12.文中两人互问爵里姓氏，刘弇“遽对曰：‘庐陵刘弇’”的目的是“”而东坡则回避答爵里只答“罪人东坡”，原因是，，最终东坡以“”的举动，展现了一代大家的风范。（5分）
上海高考英语试题 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试用时120分钟。考试结束，将答题卡和答题卷一并交回。 考生注意： 1．本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。 2．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准 考证号和效验码。 3．第Ⅰ卷（1—16小题，25—80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。考试应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。 注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。答案需要更改 时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。答案不能涂写在试卷 上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。第Ⅰ卷中的第17—24小题，第 81—84小题和第Ⅱ卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸 上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。 第Ⅰ卷（共105分） L listening comprehension Section A Directions In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a
question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．A shop assistant. B．A dentist C．An cloarician D．A bank clerk. 2．A．The exam score. B．The world news. C．A soccer match. D．A basketball team. 3．A．At a post office B．At a flower shop C．At a department store. D．At a bus station 4．A．5 hours B．7 hours C．9 hours D．10 hours 5．A．Tim’s not seriously injured B．Tim will get to the hospital quickly. C．The woman’s heard all about Tim’s illness. D．The woman doesn’t know how Tim is now. 6．A．She isn’t the mood to travel. B．France is too far for family holiday. C．Family holiday no longer interests her D．She has had too many holidays this year.
2000 年年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海物理试卷 考生注意： 1.全卷共8 页，24 题，在120 分钟内完成。 2.第21、22、23、24 题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案， 而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分，有数字计算的问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。 一、（50 分）选择题，本大题共10 小题，每小题5 分，每小题给出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正 确的，把正确的答案全选出来，并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内，每一小题全选对 的得5 分；选对但不全的，得部分分；有选错或不答的，得0 分，填写在方括号外的字母，不作为 选出的答案。 1.下列关于光的说法中正确的是 （A）在真空中红光波长比紫光波长短。（B）红光光子能量比紫光光子能量小。 （C）红光和紫光相遇时能产生干涉现象 （D）红光照射某金属时有电子向外发射，紫光照射该金属时一定也有电子向外发射。 2.关于、、三种射线，下列说法中正确的是 （A）射线是原子核自发放射出的氦核，它的穿透能力最强。 （B）射线是原子核外电子电离形成的电子流，它具有中等的穿透能力。 （C）射线一般们随着或射线产生，它的穿透能力量强。 （D）射线是电磁波，它的穿透能力最弱。 3.一小球用轻绳悬挂在某固定点，现将轻绳水平拉直，然后由静止开始释放小球，考虑小球由静 止开始运动到最低位置的过程。 （A）小球在水平方向的速度逐渐增大。（B）小球在竖直方向的速度逐渐增大。 （C）到达最低位置时小球线速度最大。（D）到达最低位置时绳中的位力等于小球重力。 4.如图所示，两根平行放置的长直导线a 和b 载有大小相同方向相反的电流，a 受到的磁场力大小为F1，当加入一与导线所在平面垂直的匀强磁场后，a 受到 的 磁场力大小变为F2，则此时b 受到的磁场力大小变为（A）F2 ，（B）F1 -F2 ， （C）F1 +F2
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 第 卷(共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing. 2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th. 3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer. 4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.
2012年普通高等院校招生统一考试(上海卷) 物理试卷 本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。全卷包括六大题，第一、二大题为单项选择题，第三大题为多项选择题，第四大题为填空题，第五大题为实验题，第六大题为计算题。 一、单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确选项。） 1．在光电效应实验中，用单色光照时某种金属表面，有光电子逸出，则光电子的最大初动能取决于入射光的（） （A）频率（B）强度（C）照射时间（D）光子数目2．下图为红光或紫光通过双缝或单缝所呈现的图样，则（） （A）甲为紫光的干涉图样（B）乙为紫光的干涉图样 （C）丙为红光的干涉图样（D）丁为红光的干涉图样 3．与原子核内部变化有关的现象是（） （A）电离现象（B）光电效应现象 （C）天然放射现象（D）α粒子散射现象 4．根据爱因斯坦的“光子说”可知（） （A）“光子说”本质就是牛顿的“微粒说”（B）光的波长越大，光子的能量越小（C）一束单色光的能量可以连续变化（D）只有光子数很多时，光才具有粒子性 5．在轧制钢板时需要动态地监测钢板厚度，其检测装置由放 射源、探测器等构成，如图所示。该装置中探测器接收到的 是（） （A）x射线（B）α射线 （C）β射线（D）γ射线 6．已知两个共点力的合力为50N，分力F1的方向与合力F的方向成30°角，分力F2的大小为30N。则（）（A）F1的大小是唯一的（B）F2的力向是唯一的 （C）F2有两个可能的方向（D）F2可取任意方向 7．如图，低电位报警器由两个基本门电路与蜂鸣器组成，该报警器只有当输入电压过低时蜂鸣器才会发出警报。其中（） （A）甲是“与门”，乙是“非门” （B）甲是“或门”，乙是“非门” （C）甲是“与门”，乙是“或门” （D）甲是“或门”，乙是“与门” 8．如图，光滑斜面固定于水平面，滑块A、B叠放后一起冲上斜面，且始终保持相对静止，
2017年上海中考语文试题 一、文言文（40分） （一）默写（15分） 1.斗折蛇行，。(柳宗元《小石潭记》) 2.锦帽貂裘，。(苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》 3. ，落日故人情。(李白《送友人》） 4.试问卷帘人，。(李淸照《如梦令》) 5. ，草盛豆苗稀。(陶渊明《归园田居》) (二)阅读下面的元曲,完成第6-7题(4分） 四块玉〃别情 自送别，心难舍，一点相思几时绝？凭阑袖拂杨花雪。溪又斜，山又遮，人去也！ 6.这首元曲的作者是。(2分） 7.下列对这首元曲的内容理解，不正确一项是（）（2分) A. “一点相思几时绝”表现出相思之苦。 B. “袖拂”是为了避免杨花妨碍视线。 C. “溪又斜”中的“斜”指溪流拐弯。 D.对离别情景的描写贯穿了整首曲子。 (三）阅读下文，宪成第8一10题（9分） 登泰山记（节选） 姚鼐 泰山正南面有三谷。中谷绕泰安城下，郦道元所谓环水也。余始循以入，道少半，越中岭，复循西谷，隧至其巅。古时登山，循东谷入，道有天门。东谷者，古谓之天门溪水，余所不至也。今所经中岭及山巅，崖限当道者，世皆谓之天门云。道中迷雾冰滑，蹬几不可登。及既上，苍山负雪，明烛天南；望晚日照城郭，汶水、徂徕如画，而半山居雾若带然。 8．下列说法不正确的一项是（）（2分） A.泰山是“五岳之首”。 B.姚鼐是“唐宋八大家”之一。 C.泰山又称“岱宗”。 D.姚鼐是桐城派古文家。 9．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。（3分） 蹬几不可登 10.这段文字主要写了和。（4分） (四）阅读下文，完成第11—13题（12分〉 人有馈一木者，家僮曰：“留以为．梁。”余曰：“木小不堪也。”僮曰：“留以为栋。”余曰：“木大不宜也。”僮笑曰：“木一也，忽病其大，又病其小。”余曰:“小子听之，物各有
2017年上海市中考语文试卷 参考答案与试题解析 一、文言文 1．默写 （1）斗折蛇行，明灭可见。（柳宗元《小石潭记》） （2）锦相貂裘，千骑卷平冈。（苏轼《江城子?密州出猎》（3）浮云游子意，落曰故人情。（李白《送友人》） （4）试问卷帘人，却道海棠依旧。（李淸照《如梦令》）（5）种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。（陶渊明《归园田居》） 【考点】EF：名篇名句默写． 【分析】本题考查了学生古诗文名句默写能力． 【解答】答案：（1）明灭可见 （2）千骑卷平冈（重点字：冈） （3）浮云游子意 （4）却道海棠依旧 （5）种豆南山下 2．阅读下面的元曲，完成下列各题 四块玉?别情 自送别，心难舍，一点相思几时绝？凭阑袖拂杨花雪。溪又斜，山又 遮，人去也！
（1）这首元曲的作者是关汉卿。 （2）下列对这首元曲的内容理解，不正确一项是D A．“一点相思几时绝”表现出相思之苦。 B．“袖拂”是为了避免杨花妨碍视线。 C．“溪又斜”中的“斜”指溪流拐弯。 D．对离别情景的描写贯穿了整首曲子。 【考点】EI：送别离别诗． 【分析】这首小令描写离别情绪，表现了多情女主人公送别情人凭栏望远、依依不舍的相思之情．送别后，情人在女主人公心中仍驻留难忘，令人痛苦欲绝．想登高眺望他离去的背影，但终被关山阻隔，这更使她肝肠寸断．在艺术手法上通过层层设障委婉细腻的抒写了女子心中哀婉凄绝、缠绵悱恻的离情别绪，用准确、凝练的文字写已别、刚别的相思之情，入木三分地写出一位深情女子送别心上人时的情态和意绪，给人以言有尽而意无穷的艺术感受． 【解答】（1）本题考查学生文学常识识记能力．解答此题学生要要平时的学习中多积累，熟记名篇及作者．这是元代伟大戏曲家关汉卿创作的小令． （2）本题考查学生古诗文阅读理解能力．解答此题学生要熟悉文章表达的中心内容，所反映的思想感情，逐一辨析选择，这首小令描写
2017年上海高考英语真题试卷_上海市2017高考英语试卷及参考答案 2017年高考已经结束，相信大家都对高试卷感兴趣，下面是小编收集的上海市2017高考英语试卷及参考答案，供大家参考！ 第I卷 第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Who has given up smoking? A. Jack. B. Frank. C. The woman. 2. Why does the woman apologize to the man? A. She broke his telephone. B. She didn’t take him to the hospital.
C. She forgot to tell him the message. 3. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Salesgirl and customer. B. Passenger and driver. C. Wife and husband. 4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course? A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy. 5. What is the woman doing? A. She is apologizing. B. She is complaining. C. She is worrying. 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两 遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Who wants to attend a US university? A. A daughter of the man’s friend. B. The man’s daughter. C. The man’s friend. 7. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. Over the phone. C. At a language
2000年年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海 物理试卷 考生注意： 1．全卷共8页，24题，在120分钟内完成。 2．第21、22、23、24题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分，有数字计算的问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。 一、（50分）选择题，本大题共10小题，每小题5分，每小题给出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正确的，把正确的答案全选出来，并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内，每一小题全选对的得5分；选对但不全的，得部分分；有选错或不答的，得0分，填写在方括号外的字母，不作为选出的答案。 1．下列关于光的说法中正确的是 （A ）在真空中红光波长比紫光波长短。 （B ）红光光子能量比紫光光子能量小。 （C ）红光和紫光相遇时能产生干涉现象 （D ）红光照射某金属时有电子向外发射，紫光照射该金属时一定也有电子向外发射。 2．关于α、β、γ三种射线，下列说法中正确的是 （A ）α射线是原子核自发放射出的氦核，它的穿透能力最强。 （B ）β射线是原子核外电子电离形成的电子流，它具有中等的穿透能力。 （C ）γ射线一般们随着α或β射线产生，它的穿透能力量强。 （D ）γ射线是电磁波，它的穿透能力最弱。 3．一小球用轻绳悬挂在某固定点，现将轻绳水平拉直，然后由静止开始释放小球，考虑小球由静止开始运动到最低位置的过程。 （A ）小球在水平方向的速度逐渐增大。 （B ）小球在竖直方向的速度逐渐增大。 （C ）到达最低位置时小球线速度最大。 （D ）到达最低位置时绳中的位力等于小球重力。 4．如图所示，两根平行放置的长直导线a 和b 载有大小相同方向相反的电流，a 受到的磁场力大小为1F ，当加入一与导线所在平面垂直的匀强磁场后，a 受到的 磁场力大小变为2F ，则此时b 受到的磁场力大小变为 （A ）2F ， （B ）21F F -， （C ）21F F + （D ）212F F -
2015年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试 语文试卷 （满分150分，考试时间100分钟） 考生注意： 1 本试卷共26题。 2 请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上，做在试卷上一律不计分。 一、文言文（39分） （一）默写（15分） 1. 夜来城外一尺雪，＿＿＿。（《卖炭翁》） 2. ＿＿＿，脉脉不得语。（《迢迢牵牛星》） 3. ＿＿＿，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲（《黄鹤楼》） 4. 衣带渐宽终不悔，＿＿＿（《蝶恋花》） 5. 山水之乐，＿＿＿。（《醉翁亭记》） （二）阅读下面的诗句，完成第6-7题（4分） 【甲】欲说还休，却道天凉好个秋。（《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》） 【乙】会挽雕弓如满月，西北望，射天狼。（《江城子·密州出猎》） 【丙】会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。（《望岳》） 6. 以上三句诗均为诗词的末句，都抒写了作者心中的渴望，请分别写出渴望的内容。 （2分） 甲句：渴望能直接抒发心中的忧愁 乙句：＿＿＿ 丙句：＿＿＿ 7. 下列对诗句理解错误的一项是：（2分）
A以上三句都在感情高潮时结束。 B以上三句或写现在或写将来。 C三句都与诗人的个人经历有关。 D三句都与标题有直接关系。 （三）阅读下面两篇选文，完成第8-9题（8分） 明有奇巧人曰王叔远，能以径寸之木为宫室、器皿、人物，以至鸟兽、木石，罔不因势象形，各具情态。尝贻余核舟一，盖大苏泛赤壁云。 舟首尾长约八分有奇，高可二黍许。中轩敞者为舱，箬篷覆之。旁开小窗，左右各四，共八扇。启窗而观，雕栏相望焉。闭之，则右刻“山高月小，水落石出”，左刻“清风徐来，水波不兴”，石青糁之。 8. 请按要求完成下面的基础积累表。（6分） 文学常识词语解释句子翻译 大苏泛赤壁 大苏指＿＿＿（人名） 水波不兴 兴：＿＿＿ 尝贻余核舟一 译句＿＿＿ 9. 下列不能体现核舟雕刻技艺精巧的一项是（6分） A覆盖在船舱上的箬篷清晰可见。B船舱有八扇窗，且都可启可闭。 C能用直径一寸的材料刻成核舟。D左窗和右窗共刻有十六个文字。 （四）阅读下文，完成第10—12题（11分） 陆象山少年时，常坐临安市肆观棋，如是者累日。棋工曰：“官人日日来看，必是高手，愿求教一局。”象山曰：“未也。”三日后却来，乃买棋局一副，归而悬之室中。卧而仰视之者两日，忽悟曰：“此《河图》数也。”遂往与棋工对，棋工连负二局。乃起谢曰：“某是临安第一手棋，凡来着者，皆饶一先。今官人之棋，反饶得某一先，天下无敌手矣。”象山笑而去。 【注】①陆象山，南宋哲学家。②肆：店铺。③河图：介绍占卜等内容的书。④某：我。 10. 用现代汉语翻译下面句子（3分）
2014年上海中考语文试卷 （满分150分，考试时间100分钟） 一、文言文（39分） （一）默写（15分） 1.乱花渐欲迷人眼，。（《钱塘湖春行》） 2. ，莲动下渔舟。（《山居秋暝》） 3.谈笑有鸿儒，。（《陋室铭》） 4. ，锦鳞游泳。（《岳阳楼记》） 5.向来枉费推移力，。（《观书有感（其二）》）（二）阅读下面的宋词，完成练6-7题（4分） 破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄 辛弃疾 醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙，五十弦翻塞外声。沙场秋点兵。马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊。了却君王天下事，赢得生前身后名。可怜白发生。 6.这首词题目的意思是。（2分） 7.“可怜白发生”表达的作者情感是。（2分）（三）阅读下面两篇选文，完成第8-9题（8分） 【甲】天下事有难易乎？为之，则难者亦易矣；不为，则易者亦难矣。人之为学有难易乎？学之，则难者亦易矣；不学，则易者亦难矣。 【乙】子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”子曰：“譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也！譬如平地，虽覆一篑，进，吾往也！” 8.甲文选自课文《》；乙文选自《论语》，它是家经典。（2分） 9.甲文与乙文第段的意思相近，都谈到了学习贵在主动进取，不同的是乙文还谈到了。（6分） 答： （四）阅读下文，完成第10-13题（12分） 韩生料秦王 昔者秦王好猎而扰民，下令猎于北郊。前日，民皆徙避之。有韩生者止之曰：“王之爱子病三日矣，王心忧之，必不出。”已而果然，或问之曰：“吾宿卫①王宫，且不知王之爱子病也。子何以知之？”韩生曰：“吾闻王之爱子好纸鸢②，吾登丘而望王宫之上，三日不见纸鸢矣，是以知之。” 【注释】①宿卫：在宫禁中值宿警卫。②纸鸢：风筝。 10.解释下列加点词。（4分） (1)昔者秦王好猎而扰民（）(2)王之爱子病三日矣（） 11.用现代汉语翻译文划线句。（2分）
上海高考英语试卷 语法从下列各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选初一个最佳答案。 1．What a pity my new computer doesn’t work. __________ must be something wrong with it. It B. There C. This D. That 2．E-mail, as well as telephones, _________ an important part in daily communication. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 3．_________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 4．_________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. Which B. As C.That D. It 5．It was _______ he said _________ disappointed me. what … that B. that … that C. what … what D. that … what 6．It is not rare in _______ that people in ________ fifties are going to university for further education. 90s … the B. the 90s … / C. 90s… their D. the 90s …their 7．The director gave me a better offer than _________. that of Dick’s B. Dick’s C. he gave Dick D. those of Dick 8．—— Let me tell you something about the journalists. Don’t you remember _________ me the story yesterday? told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 9．______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. Having checked B. Check If you check D. To check 10．_______ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more. For B. Even C. Since D. However 11．The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen _____ 20 percent. by B. at C. to D. with 12．Books of this kind ________ well. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 13．One more week, ________ we will accomplish the task. or B. so that C. and D. if 14．There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You _______ come, but why didn’t you? must have B. should need have D. ought to have 15．—— It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. My God! ___________. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you 16．He _________ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. has no sooner got B. no sooner got will no sooner get D. had no sooner got 17．There are five pairs _______, but I’m at a loss which t o buy. to be chosen B. to choose from to choose D. for choosing 18．—— Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? _______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 19．A computer does only what thinking people ________. have it do B. have it done have done it D. having it done 20．The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __________. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
N S 一、（24分）单项选择题。 1．（1997上海，1）弹簧振子在光滑水平面上作简谐振动。在振子向平平衡位置运动的过程中 A．振子所受的回复力逐渐增大 B．振子的位移逐渐增大 C．振子的速度逐渐减小 D．振子的加速度逐渐减小 2．（1997上海，2）对一定质量的理想气体，下列说法正确的是： A．压强增大，体积增大，分子的平均动能一定增大 B．压强减小，体积减小，分子的平均动能一定增大 C．压强减小，体积增大，分子的平均动能一定增大 D．压强增大，体积减小，分子的平均动能一定增大 3．（1997上海，3）氘核（2 1 H）和氚核（3 1 H）聚合成氦核（4 2 He）的核反应方程如下： 2341 1120 H H He n +→+，设氘核质量为 1 m，氚核质量为 2 m，氦核质量为 3 m，中子质量为 4 m， 则反应过程中释放的能量为： A．2 123 () m m m c +-B．2 124 () m m m c +- C．2 1234 () m m m m c +--D．2 3412 () m m m m c +-- 4．（1997上海，4）一磁棒自远处匀速沿一圆形线圈的轴线运动， 并穿过线圈向远处而去，如右图所示，则下列四图中，较正确 反映线圈中电流i与时间t关系的是（线圈中电流以图示箭头为 正方向）： 5．（1997上海，5）质量为m的小球被系在轻绳一端，在竖直平面内作半径为R的圆周运动， 运动过程中小球受到空气阻力的作用。设某一时刻小球通过轨道的最低点，此时绳子的张力 为7mg，此后小球继续作圆周运动，经过半个圆周恰能通过最高点，则在此过程中小球克服 空气阻力所做的功为： A．1 4 mgR B．1 3 mgR C．1 2 mgR D．mgR 二、（25分）多项选择题。 6．（1997上海，6）一列横波沿水平方向传播，某一时刻的波形如图所示，则图中a、b、c、d 四点在此时刻具有相同运动方向的是： A．a和c B．a和d C．b和c D．b和d 7．（1997上海，7）在光滑水平面上，两球沿球心连线以相等速率相向而行，并发生碰撞下列现 象可能的是： A．若两球质量相同，碰后以某一相等速率互相分开 B．若两球质量相同，碰后以某一相等速率同向而行 C．若两球质量不同，碰后以某一相等速率互相分开 D．若两球质量不同，碰后以某一相等速率同向而行 8．（1997上海，8）如图所示，一金属直杆MN两端接有导线，悬挂于线 圈上方。MN与线圈轴线均处于竖直平面内，为使MN垂直纸面向外 运动，可以 A．将a、c端接在电源正极，b、d端接在电源负极 B．将b、d端接在电源正极，a、c端接在电源负极 C．将a、d端接在电源正极，b、c端接在电源负极 D．将a、c端接在交流电源的一端，b、d接在交流电源的另一端 9．（1997上海，9）某人身系弹性绳自高空p点自由下落，图中a点是弹性绳的 原长位置，c是人所到达的最低点，b是人静止地悬吊着时的平衡位置。不计 空气阻力，则下列说法中正确的是： A．从p至c过程中重力的冲量大于弹性绳弹力的冲量 B．从p至c过程中重力所做功等于人克服弹力所做的功 C．从p至b过程中人的速度不断增大 D．从a至c过程中加速度方向保持不变 10．（1997上海，10）如图所示，A、B为平行金属板，两板相距为d，分别与电 源两极相连两板的中央各有一小孔M和N，今有一带电质点，自A 板上方相距为d的P点由静止自由下落（P、M、N在同一竖直线上）， 空气阻力忽略不计，到达N孔时速度恰好为零，然后沿原路返回。 若保持两极板间的电压不变，则 A．把A板向上平移一小段距离，质点自P点自由下落后仍能返回 B．把A板向下平移一小段距离，质点自P点自由下落后将穿过N 孔继续下落 C．把B板向上平移一小段距离，质点自P点自由下落后仍能返回 D．把B板向下平移一小段距离，质点自P点自由下落后将穿过N孔继续下落 三、（24分）填空题。 11．（1997上海，11）关于原子结构，卢瑟福根据__________实验提出了原子核式结构模型。本 世纪初，玻尔结合普朗克量子学说提出的原子模型，成功地解释了___________原子的光谱。 12．（1997上海，12）在一次“飞车过黄河”的表演中，汽车在空中飞经最高点后在对岸着地。已 知汽车从最高点至着地点经历时间约0.8s，两点间的水平距离约为30m，忽略空气阻力， 则汽车在最高点时的速度约为______________/ m s。（取g＝10m/s2） 13．（1997上海，13）一交流电压的瞬时值表达式为15sin100 u tπ =V，将该交流电压加在一电 阻上时，产生的电功率为25W。那么，这个电阻的阻值是______________Ω。 14．（1997上海，14）（1997上海，1）关于光的本性，早期有牛顿的微粒说和惠更斯的____________ 说，后来又有麦克斯韦的电磁说。本世纪初，为解释___________现象，爱因斯坦提出了光 子说。 15．（1997上海，15）水电站给远处山村送电的输出功率是100千瓦，用2000V电压输电，线 路上损失的功率是2.5×104瓦，如果改用20000V高压输电，线路上损失的功率是________ a c N M
上海市中考语文试卷及 答案 Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 2020
2014年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试 语文试卷 （满分150分，考试时间100分钟） 一、文言文（39分） （一）默写（15分） 1.乱花渐欲迷人眼，。（《钱塘湖春行》） 2. ，莲动下渔舟。（《山居秋暝》） 3.谈笑有鸿儒，。（《陋室铭》） 4. ，锦鳞游泳。（《岳阳楼记》） 5.向来枉费推移力，。（《观书有感（其二）》）（二）阅读下面的宋词，完成练6-7题（4分） 破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄 辛弃疾 醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙，五十弦翻塞外声。沙场秋点兵。马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊。了却君王天下事，赢得生前身后名。可怜白发生。 6.这首词题目的意思是。（2分）
7.“可怜白发生”表达的作者情感是__________。（2分） （三）阅读下面两篇选文，完成第8-9题（8分） 【甲】 天下事有难易乎为之，则难者亦易矣；不为，则易者亦难矣。人之为学有难易乎学之，则难者亦易矣；不学，则易者亦难矣。 【乙】 ①子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。” ②子曰：“譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也！譬如平地，虽覆一篑，进，吾往也！” 8.甲文选自课文《_________》；乙文选自《论语》，它是_______家经典。（2分） 9.甲文与乙文第_____段的意思相近，都谈到了学习贵在主动进取，不同的是乙文还谈到了。（6分） （四）阅读下文，完成第10-13题（12分） 韩生料秦王 昔者秦王好猎而扰民，下令猎于北郊。前日，民皆徙避之。有韩生者止之曰：“王之爱子病三日矣，王心忧之，必不出。”已而果然，或问之曰：“吾宿卫①王
上海英语试卷 考生注意： 1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。 2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第1卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页）， 全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上 一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 第1卷（共105分） I . Listening Comprehension Section A Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport. 2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied 3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer. C. Secretary and boss. D. Receptionist and guest. 4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert. C. Sandy shouldn't have given that much. D. Dave must be mad with the money 5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last. C. She will turn to her manager. D. She declines the man's offer. 6．．．D．5 7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee. B. The woman doesn't like coffee at all. C. They help each other stop drinking coffee. D. The man is uninterested in the woman's story 8. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman. B. He hesitates whether to help or not. C. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind D. He can't help move the cupboard. 9. A. He's planning to find a new job. B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess. C. He's too busy to clean his house D. He has already cleaned his new house, 10. A. She doesn't agree with the man. B. She is good at finding a place to stay. C. She could hardly find the truth. D. She had no travel experience in Britain. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read