CHAPTER 10
SOME LESSONS FROM CAPITAL MARKET HISTORY
Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions
1.They all wish they had! Since they didn’t, it must have been the case that the stellar performance
was not foreseeable, at least not by most.
2.As in the previous question, it’s easy to see after the fact that the investment was terrible, but it
probably wasn’t so easy ahead of time.
3.No, stocks are riskier. Some investors are highly risk averse, and the extra possible return doesn’t
attract them relative to the extra risk.
4.Unlike gambling, the stock market is a positive sum game; everybody can win. Also, speculators
provide liquidity to markets and thus help to promote efficiency.
5.T-bill rates were highest in the early eighties. This was during a period of high inflation and is
consistent with the Fisher effect.
6.Before the fact, for most assets the risk premium will be positive; investors demand compensation
over and above the risk-free return to invest their money in the risky asset. After the fact, the observed risk premium ca n be negative if the asset’s nominal return is unexpectedly low, the risk-free return is unexpectedly high, or if some combination of these two events occurs.
7.Yes, the stock prices are currently the same. Below is a diagram that depicts the stocks’ pri ce
movements. Two years ago, each stock had the same price, P0. Over the first year, General Materials’ stock price increased by 10 percent, or (1.1) ? P0. Standard Fixtures’ stock price declined by 10 percent, or (0.9) ? P0. Over the second year, General Materials’ stock price decreased by 10 percent, or (0.9)(1.1) ? P0, while Standard Fixtures’ stock price increased by 10 percent, or (1.1)(0.9) ? P0. Today, each of the stocks is worth 99 percent of its original value.
2 years ago 1 year ago Today
General Materials P0 (1.1)P0(1.1)(0.9)P0= (0.99)P0
Standard Fixtures P0 (0.9)P0(0.9)(1.1)P0 = (0.99)P0
8.The stock prices are not the same. The return quoted for each stock is the arithmetic return, not the
geometric return. The geometric return tells you the wealth increase from the beginning of the period to the end of the period, assuming the asset had the same return each year. As such, it is a better measure of ending wealth. To see this, assuming each stock had a beginning price of $100 per share, the ending price for each stock would be:
Lake Minerals ending price = $100(1.10)(1.10) = $121.20
Small Town Furniture ending price = $100(1.25)(.95) = $118.75
B-2S OLUTIONS
Whenever there is any variance in returns, the asset with the larger variance will always have the greater difference between the arithmetic and geometric return.
9.To calculate an arithmetic return, you simply sum the returns and divide by the number of returns.
As such, arithmetic returns do not account for the effects of compounding. Geometric returns do account for the effects of compounding. As an investor, the more important return of an asset is the geometric return.
10.Risk premiums are about the same whether or not we account for inflation. The reason is that risk
premiums are the difference between two returns, so inflation essentially nets out. Returns, risk premiums, and volatility would all be lower than we estimated because aftertax returns are smaller than pretax returns.
Solutions to Questions and Problems
NOTE: All end of chapter problems were solved using a spreadsheet. Many problems require multiple steps. Due to space and readability constraints, when these intermediate steps are included in this solutions manual, rounding may appear to have occurred. However, the final answer for each problem is found without rounding during any step in the problem.
Basic
1.The return of any asset is the increase in price, plus any dividends or cash flows, all divided by the
initial price. The return of this stock is:
R = [($90.75 – 83) + 1.40] / $83
R = .1102 or 11.02%
2.The dividend yield is the dividend divided by price at the beginning of the period price, so:
Dividend yield = $1.40 / $83
Dividend yield = .0169 or 1.69%
And the capital gains yield is the increase in price divided by the initial price, so:
Capital gains yield = ($90.75 – 83) / $83
Capital gains yield = .0934 or 9.33%
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e08882486.html,ing the equation for total return, we find:
R = [($76.25 – 83) + 1.40] / $83
R = –.0645 or –6.45%
And the dividend yield and capital gains yield are:
Dividend yield = $1.40 / $83
Dividend yield = .0169 or 1.69%
C HAPTER 10B-3
Capital gains yield = ($76.25 – 83) / $83
Capital gains yield = –.0813 or –8.13%
Here’s a question for you: Can the dividend yield ever be negative? No, that would mean you were paying the company for the privilege of owning the stock. It has happened on bonds. Remember the Buffett bond’s we discussed in the bond chapter.
4.The total euro return is the change in price plus the coupon payment, so:
Total euro return = €1,091 – 1,120 + 90
Total euro return = €61
The total percentage return of the bond is:
R = [(€1,091 – 1,120) + 90] / €1,120
R = .05445 or 5.45%
Notice here that we could have simply used the total euro return of €120 in the numerator of this equation.
Using the Fisher equation, the real return was:
(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)
r = (1.05445 / 1.060) – 1
r = –.0052 or –0.52%
Note that real return can be negative.
5.The nominal return is the stated return, which is 12.40 percent. Using the Fisher equation, the real
return was:
(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)
r = (1.1240)/(1.031) – 1
r = .0902 or 9.02%
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e08882486.html,ing the Fisher equation, the real returns for government and corporate bonds were:
(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)
r G = 1.058/1.031 – 1
r G = .0262 or 2.62%
r C = 1.062/1.031 – 1
r C = .0301 or 3.01%
B-4 S OLUTIONS
7. The average return is the sum of the returns, divided by the number of returns. The average return for each
stock was:
[]%......N x X N i i 0010or .1000 513280806111=++-+=??
????=∑=
[]%......N y Y N i i 2016or .1620 543122107361=+-+-=??
????=∑=
We calculate the variance of each stock as:
()()()()()()(){}()()()()(){}
06167016243162121622116207162361
5101685010013100281000810006100111
511222222222222122...........s ...........s N x x s Y X N i i X =-+--+-+--+--==-+-+--+-+--=-??
????-=∑=
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance, so the standard deviation of each stock is:
s X = (.016850)1/2
s X = .1298 or 12.98%
s Y = (.061670)1/2
s Y = .2483 or 24.83%
8. We will calculate the sum of the returns for each asset and the observed risk premium first. Doing so,
we get:
Year Large co. stock return T-bill return Risk premium
1973 –14.69% 7.29% -21.98%
1974 –26.47 7.99 –34.46
1975 37.23 5.87 31.36
1976 23.93 5.07 18.86
1977 –7.16 5.45 –12.61
1978 6.57 7.64 –1.07
19.41 39.31 –19.90
a . The average return for large company stocks over this period was:
Large company stock average return = 19.41% /6
Large company stock average return = 3.24%
C HAPTER 10B-5
And the average return for T-bills over this period was:
T-bills average return = 39.31% / 6
T-bills average return = 6.55%
b. Using the equation for variance, we find the variance for large company stocks over this period
was:
Variance = 1/5[(–.1469 – .0324)2 + (–.2647 – .0324)2 + (.3723 – .0324)2 + (.2393 – .0324)2 + (–.0716 – .0324)2+ (.0657 – .0324)2]
Variance = 0.058136
And the standard deviation for large company stocks over this period was:
Standard deviation = (0.058136)1/2
Standard deviation = 0.2411 or 24.11%
Using the equation for variance, we find the variance for T-bills over this period was:
Variance = 1/5[(.0729 – .0655)2 + (.0799 – .0655)2 + (.0587 – .0655)2 + (.0507 – .0655)2 +
(.0545 – .0655)2 + (.0764 – .0655)2]
Variance = 0.000153
And the standard deviation for T-bills over this period was:
Standard deviation = (0.000153)1/2
Standard deviation = 0.0124 or 1.24%
c. The average observed risk premium over this period was:
Average observed risk premium = –19.90% / 6
Average observed risk premium = –3.32%
The variance of the observed risk premium was:
Variance = 1/5[(–.2198 – .0332)2 + (–.3446 – .0332)2 + (.3136 – .0332)2 +
(.1886 – .0332)2 + (–.1261 – .0332)2 + (–.0107 – .0332)2]
Variance = 0.062078
And the standard deviation of the observed risk premium was:
Standard deviation = (0.06278)1/2
Standard deviation = 0.2492 or 24.92%
9.a. To find the average return, we sum all the returns and divide by the number of returns, so:
Arithmetic average return = (–.16 +.21 + .04 + .16 + .20)/5
Arithmetic average return = .09 or 9.00%
B-6S OLUTIONS
b. Using the equation to calculate variance, we find:
Variance = 1/4[(–.16 – .09)2 + (.21 – .09)2 + (.04 – .09)2 + (.16 – .09)2 +
(.19 – .09)2]
Variance = 0.0241
So, the standard deviation is:
Standard deviation = (0.0241)1/2
Standard deviation = 0.1552 or 15.52%
10.a. To calculate the average real return, we can use the average return of the asset, and the average
risk-free rate in the Fisher equation. Doing so, we find:
(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)
r = (1.09/1.042) – 1
r = .04606 or 4.606%
b. The average risk premium is simply the average return of the asset, minus the average risk-free
rate, so, the average risk premium for this asset would be:
RP=–
R
R
f
RP= .09 – .0550
RP= .0350 or 3.50%
11.We can find the average real risk-free rate using the Fisher equation. The average real risk-free rate
was:
(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)
f r= (1.055/1.042) – 1
f r= .0124 or 1.24%
And to calculate the average real risk premium, we can subtract the average risk-free rate from the average real return. So, the average real risk premium was:
r
rp=–f r= 4.606% – 1.24%
rp= .03366 or 3.366%
12.Apply the five-year holding-period return formula to calculate the total return of the stock over the
five-year period, we find:
5-year holding-period return = [(1 + R1)(1 + R2)(1 +R3)(1 +R4)(1 +R5)] – 1
5-year holding-period return = [(1 – .0491)(1 + .2167)(1 + .2324)(1 + .0619)(1 + .2673)] – 1
5-year holding-period return = 0.9188 or 91.88%
C HAPTER 10B-7
13. To find the return on the zero coupon bond, we first need to find the price of the bond today. Since
one year has elapsed, the bond now has 19 years to maturity, so the price today is:
P1 = ￡1,000/1.1219
P1 = ￡116.11
There are no intermediate cash flows on a zero coupon bond, so the return is the capital gains, or: R = (￡116.11 – 102.32) / ￡102.32
R = .1347 or 13.47%
14. The return of any asset is the increase in price, plus any dividends or cash flows, all divided by the
initial price. This preferred stock paid a dividend of ￥5, so the return for the year was:
R = (￥50.20 – 53.50 + 5.00) / ￥53.50
R = .031776 or 3.18%
15.The return of any asset is the increase in price, plus any dividends or cash flows, all divided by the
initial price. This stock paid no dividend, so the return was:
R = (元44.44 – 38.65) / 元38.65
R = .1498 or 14.98%
This is the return for three months, so the APR is:
APR = 4(14.98%)
APR = 59.92%
And the EAR is:
EAR = (1 + .1498)4– 1
EAR = .7478 or 74.78%
16.To find the real return each year, we will use the Fisher equation, which is:
1 + R = (1 + r)(1 + h)
Using this relationship for each year, we find:
T-bills Inflation Real Return
1926 0.0330 (0.0112) 0.0447
1927 0.0315 (0.0226) 0.0554
1928 0.0405 (0.0116) 0.0527
1929 0.0447 0.0058 0.0387
1930 0.0227 (0.0640) 0.0926
1931 0.0115 (0.0932) 0.1155
1932 0.0088 (0.1027) 0.1243
B-8 S OLUTIONS
So, the average real return was:
Average = (.0447 + .0554 + .0527 + .0387 + .0926 + .1155 + .1243) / 7
Average = .0748 or 7.48%
Notice the real return was higher than the nominal return during this period because of deflation, or
negative inflation.
17. Looking at the long-term corporate bond return history in Figure 10.2, we see that the mean return
was 6.2 percent, with a standard deviation of 8.6 percent. The range of returns you would expect to see 68 percent of the time is the mean plus or minus 1 standard deviation, or:
R ∈ μ ± 1σ = 6.2% ± 8.6% = –2.40% to 14.80%
The range of returns you would expect to see 95 percent of the time is the mean plus or minus 2
standard deviations, or:
R ∈ μ ± 2σ = 6.2% ± 2(8.6%) = –11.00% to 23.40%
18. Looking at the large-company stock return history in Figure 10.2, we see that the mean return was
12.4 percent, with a standard deviation of 20.3 percent. The range of returns you would expect to see 68 percent of the time is the mean plus or minus 1 standard deviation, or:
R ∈ μ ± 1σ = 12.4% ± 20.3% = –7.90% to 32.70%
The range of returns you would expect to see 95 percent of the time is the mean plus or minus 2
standard deviations, or:
R ∈ μ ± 2σ = 12.4% ± 2(20.3%) = –28.20% to 53.00%
19. To find the best forecast, we app ly Blume’s formula as follows:
R(5) = 291 - 5 × 10.7% + 29
5 - 30 × 12.8% = 12.51% R(10) = 291 - 10 × 10.7% + 29
10 - 30 × 12.8% = 12.15% R(20) = 291 - 20 × 10.7% + 2920 - 30 × 12.8% = 11.42%
C HAPTER 10 B-9
20. The best forecast for a one year return is the arithmetic average, which is 12.4 percent. The
geometric average, found in Table 10.3 is 10.4 percent. To find the best forecast for other periods, we apply Blume’s for mula as follows:
R(5) = 781 - 5 × 10.4% + 78
5 - 79 × 12.4% = 12.30% R(20) = 781 - 20 × 10.4% + 78
20 - 79 × 12.4% = 11.91% R(30) = 781 - 30 × 10.4% + 7830 - 79 × 12.4% = 11.66%
Intermediate
21. Here we know the average stock return, and four of the five returns used to compute the average
return. We can work the average return equation backward to find the missing return. The average return is calculated as:
.70 = .08 – .13 – .07 + .29 + R
R = .53 or 53%
The missing return has to be 53 percent. Now we can use the equation for the variance to find:
Variance = 1/4[(.08 – .14)2 + (–.13 – .14)2 + (–.07 – .14)2 + (.29 – .14)2 + (.53 – .14)2]
Variance = 0.0738
And the standard deviation is:
Standard deviation = (0.0738)1/2
Standard deviation = 0.27166 or 27.17%
22.
The arithmetic average return is the sum of the known returns divided by the number of returns, so:
Arithmetic average return = (.29 + .14 + .23 –.08 + .09 –.20) / 6
Arithmetic average return = .0783 or 7.83%
Using the equation for the geometric return, we find:
Geometric average return = [(1 + R 1) × (1 + R 2) × … × (1 + R T )]1/T – 1
Geometric average return = [(1 + .29)(1 + .14)(1 + .23)(1 – .08)(1 + .09)(1 – .20)](1/6) – 1
Geometric average return = .0640 or 6.40%
Remember, the geometric average return will always be less than the arithmetic average return if the returns have any variation.
B-10S OLUTIONS
23.To calculate the arithmetic and geometric average returns, we must first calculate the return for each
year. The return for each year is:
R1 = (?49.07 – 43.12 + 0.55) / ?43.12 = .1507 or 15.07%
R2 = (?51.19 – 49.07 + 0.60) / ?49.07 = .0554 or 5.54%
R3 = (?47.24 – 51.19 + 0.63) / ?51.19 = –.0649 or –6.49%
R4 = (?56.09 – 47.24 + 0.72)/ ?47.24 = .2026 or 20.26%
R5 = (?69.30 – 56.09 + 0.81) / ?56.09 = .2496 or 24.96%
The arithmetic average return was:
R A = (0.1507 + 0.0554 – 0.0649 + 0.2026 + 0.2496)/5
R A = 0.1188 or 11.88%
And the geometric average return was:
R G = [(1 + .1507)(1 + .0554)(1 – .0649)(1 + .2026)(1 + .2496)]1/5– 1
R G = 0.1129 or 11.29%
24. To find the real return we need to use the Fisher equation. Re-writing the Fisher equation to solve
for the real return, we get:
r = [(1 + R)/(1 + h)] – 1
So, the real return each year was:
Year T-bill return Inflation Real return
1973 0.0729 0.0871 –0.0131
1974 0.0799 0.1234 –0.0387
1975 0.0587 0.0694 –0.0100
1976 0.0507 0.0486 0.0020
1977 0.0545 0.0670 –0.0117
1978 0.0764 0.0902 –0.0127
1979 0.1056 0.1329 –0.0241
1980 0.1210 0.1252 –0.0037
0.6197 0.7438 –0.1120
a.The average return for T-bills over this period was:
Average return = 0.619 / 8
Average return = .0775 or 7.75%
And the average inflation rate was:
Average inflation = 0.7438 / 8
Average inflation = .0930 or 9.30%
C HAPTER 10B-11
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e08882486.html,ing the equation for variance, we find the variance for T-bills over this period was:
Variance = 1/7[(.0729 – .0775)2 + (.0799 – .0775)2 + (.0587 – .0775)2 + (.0507 – .0775)2 +
(.0545 – .0775)2+ (.0764 – .0775)2 + (.1056 – .0775)2 + (.1210 - .0775)2] Variance = 0.000616
And the standard deviation for T-bills was:
Standard deviation = (0.000616)1/2
Standard deviation = 0.0248 or 2.48%
The variance of inflation over this period was:
Variance = 1/7[(.0871 – .0930)2 + (.1234 – .0930)2 + (.0694 – .0930)2 + (.0486 – .0930)2 +
(.0670 – .0930)2 + (.0902 – .0930)2 + (.1329 – .0930)2 + (.1252 - .0930)2] Variance = 0.000971
And the standard deviation of inflation was:
Standard deviation = (0.000971)1/2
Standard deviation = 0.0312 or 3.12%
c. The average observed real return over this period was:
Average observed real return = –.1122 / 8
Average observed real return = –.0140 or –1.40%
d. The statement that T-bills have no risk refers to the fact that there is only an extremely small
chance of the government defaulting, so there is little default risk. Since T-bills are short term, there is also very limited interest rate risk. However, as this example shows, there is inflation risk, i.e. the purchasing power of the investment can actually decline over time even if the investor is earning a positive return.
25.To find the return on the coupon bond, we first need to find the price of the bond today. Since one
year has elapsed, the bond now has six years to maturity, so the price today is:
P1 = ?80(PVIFA7%,6) + ?1,000/1.076
P1= ?1,047.67
You received the coupon payments on the bond, so the nominal return was:
R = (?1,047.67 – 1,028.50 + 80) / ?1,028.50
R = .0964 or 9.64%
And using the Fisher equation to find the real return, we get:
r = (1.0964 / 1.043) – 1
r = .0512 or 5.12%
B-12S OLUTIONS
26.Looking at the long-term government bond return history in Table 10.2, we see that the mean return
was 5.8 percent, with a standard deviation of 9.3 percent. In the normal probability distribution, approximately 2/3 of the observations are within one standard deviation of the mean. This means that 1/3 of the observations are outside one standard deviation away from the mean. Or:
Pr(R< –3.5 or R>15.1) ≈1/3
But we are only interested in one tail here, that is, returns less than –3.5 percent, so:
Pr(R< –3.5) ≈1/6
You can use the z-statistic and the cumulative normal distribution table to find the answer as well.
Doing so, we find:
z = (X – μ)/σ
z = (–3.5% – 5.8)/9.3% = –1.00
Looking at the z-table, this gives a probability of 15.87%, or:
Pr(R< –3.5) ≈ .1587 or 15.87%
The range of returns you would expect to see 95 percent of the time is the mean plus or minus 2 standard deviations, or:
95% level: R∈μ± 2σ = 5.8% ± 2(9.3%) = –12.80% to 24.40%
The range of returns you would expect to see 99 percent of the time is the mean plus or minus 3 standard deviations, or:
99% level: R∈μ± 3σ = 5.8% ± 3(9.3%) = –22.10% to 33.70%
27.The mean return for small company stocks was 17.5 percent, with a standard deviation of 33.1
percent. Doubling your money is a 100% return, so if the return distribution is normal, we can use the z-statistic. So:
z = (X – μ)/σ
z = (100% – 17.5)/33.1% = 2.492 standard deviations above the mean
This corresponds to a probability of ≈ 0.634%, or less than once every 100 years. Quadrupling your money would be:
z = (300% – 17.5)/33.1% = 8.5347 standard deviations above the mean.
This corresponds to a probability of (much) less than 0.5%, or once every 200 years. The actual answer is less than once every 1 million years.
C HAPTER 10B-13
28.It is impossible to lose more than 100 percent of your investment. Therefore, return distributions are
truncated on the lower tail at –100 percent.
Challenge
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e08882486.html,ing the z-statistic, we find:
z = (X – μ)/σ
z = (0% – 12.4)/20.3% = –0.6108
Pr(R≤0) ≈ 27.07%
30.For each of the questions asked here, we need to use the z-statistic, which is:
z = (X – μ)/σ
a. z1 = (10% – 6.2)/8.6% = 0.4419
This z-statistic gives us the probability that the return is less than 10 percent, but we are looking for the probability the return is greater than 10 percent. Given that the total probability is 100 percent (or 1), the probability of a return greater than 10 percent is 1 minus the probability of a return less than 10 percent. Using the cumulative normal distribution table, we get:
Pr(R≥10%) = 1 – Pr(R≤10%) = 1 – .6707 ≈ 32.93%
For a return greater than 0 percent:
z2 = (0% – 6.2)/8.6 = –0.7209
Pr(R≥10%) = 1 – Pr(R≤10%) = 1 – .7645 ≈ 23.55%
b.The probability that T-bill returns will be greater than 10 percent is:
z3 = (10% – 3.8)/3.1% = 2
Pr(R≥10%) = 1 – Pr(R≤10%) = 1 – .9772 ≈ 2.28%
And the probability that T-bill returns will be less than 0 percent is:
z4 = (0% – 3.8)/3.1% = –1.2258
Pr(R≤0) ≈ 11.01%
B-14S OLUTIONS
c. The probability that the return on long-term corporate bonds will be less than –4.18 percent is:
z5 = (–4.18% – 6.2)/8.6% = –1.20698
Pr(R≤–4.18%) ≈ 11.37%
And the probability that T-bill returns will be greater than 10.32 percent is:
z6 = (10.32% – 3.8)/3.1% = 2.1032
Pr(R≥10.38%) = 1 – Pr(R≤10.38%) = 1 – .9823 ≈ 1.77%
丽水职业技术学院2008/2009学年第一学期 《公司理财》期末考试卷 适用班级：财务0701、0705、0706、0707 考试方式：开卷班级学号姓名 校对:钭志斌 （40分） 1、分析师称，中国央行今年（2008）将继续执行从紧的货币政策，加息的可能性较 场的现券价格有一定负面影响。 中国人民银行2008年1月22日以价格招标方式向公开市场业务一级交易商发行了2008年第十期中央银行票据，发行价格为96.10元，参考收益率为4.0583%。期限1年，到期按面值100元兑付。请问： （1）为什么说利率上涨，会对二级市场的债券价格有一定的负面影响？请从资金时间价值原理角度进行分析。（5分） 参考答案：债券给投资者未来的收益是稳定的，如每年利息固定，到期收回本金固定。利率的上涨，必然会引起投资者投资的期望报酬率的上升；在未来金额一定的情况下，折现率的上升，将会使现值下降。所以，在利率上升的情况下，债券交易价格将会下降。 （2）在财务管理上，该第十期中央银行票据属于债券中的哪一类债券？其参考收益率如何计算？请列出计算过程。（5分） 参考答案：属于贴现债券。 96．10=100×（P/F，IRR，1） 查表，采用内插法求解，得出IRR为4.0583%。 2、2008年10月，天音控股发布公告,将用自有资金在二级市场以集中竞价交易方式回购不超过2000万股社会公众股,回购资金总额不超过7000万元。这是证监会发布股份回购新规以来,第一家公布回购计划的上市公司。回购价格不超过每股3.5元。以最高回购数量2000万股计算,回购比例为目前总股本的2.11%,占实际流通股本的2.21%。预计本次回购完成后每股收益约提高1.06%,净资产收益率约提高1.33%,回购后速动比率约1倍。
项目一财务管理总体认知 一、单项选择题 1．下列各项企业财务管理目标中，能够同时考虑资金的时间价值和投资风险因素的是( D )。 A．产值最大化 B．利润最大化 C．每股收益最大化 D．企业价值最大化 2．企业筹资活动的最终结果是( D )。 A.银行借款 B.发行债券 C.发行股票 D.资金流入 7．相对于每股收益最大化目标而言，企业价值最大化目标的不足之处是( D )。 A．没有考虑资金的时间价值 B．没有考虑投资的风险价值 C．不能反映企业潜在的获利能力 D．某些情况下确定比较困难 9．下列法律法规同时影响企业筹资、投资和收益分配的是( A )。 A．公司法 B．金融法 C．税法 D．企业财务通则 10．在市场经济条件下，财务管理的核心是（ B ）。 A.财务预测 B.财务决策 C.财务控制 D.财务分析 二、多项选择题 2．企业财务管理的基本内容包括( ACD )。 A. 筹资决策 B．技术决策 C．投资决策 D．盈利分配决策 3．财务管理的环境包括( ABCD )。 A．技术环境 B．经济环境 C．金融环境 D．法律环境 4．以下项目中属于“利润最大化”目标存在的问题有( ABCD )。 A．没有考虑利润实现时间和资金时间价值 B．没有考虑风险问题 C．没有反映创造的利润与投入的资本之间的关系 D．可能导致企业短期财务决策倾向，影响企业长远发展
5．以股东财富最大化作为财务管理目标存在的问题有( ABC )。 A．通常只适用于上市公司 B．股价不能完全准确反映企业财务管理状况 C．对其他相关者的利益重视不够 D．没有考虑风险因素 6．下列财务管理的目标当中，考虑了风险因素的有( BCD )。 A．利润最大化 B．股东财富最大化 C．企业价值最大化 D．相关者利益最大化 7．在分配活动中，企业财务管理的核心任务是( BC )。 A. 确定筹资结构 B. 确定分配规模 C．确定分配方式 D. 确定投资方向 8．利润最大化目标和每股利润最大化目标存在的共同缺陷有( ABD )。 A．没有考虑货币时间价值 B．没有考虑风险因素 C．没有考虑利润与资本的关系 D. 容易导致短期行为 11．下列属于货币市场工具的有( BD )。 A．股票 B．短期国库券 C．债券 D．回购协议 项目二财务管理价值观念培养 一、单项选择题 2．一定时期内每期期初等额收付的系列款项是( A )。 A．即付年金 B．永续年金 C．递延年金 D．普通年金 4．年内复利m次时，其名义利率r与实际利率i之间的关系是( A )。 A．i＝(1+r／m)m-1 B. i＝(1+r／m)-1 C．i＝(1+r／m)-m -1 D. i＝l-(1+r／m)-m 5．甲某拟存入一笔资金以备3年后使用。假定银行3年期存款年利率为5％，甲某3年后需用的资金总额为34 500元，则在单利计息情况下，目前需存入的资金为( A )元。 A．30 000 B．29 803．04 C．32 857．14 D．31 500 6．如果某人5年后想拥有50 000元，在年利率为5％、单利计息的情况下，他现在必
第一章 1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。 2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。 3.这句话是不正确的。管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值，当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。 4.有两种结论。一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。因此所有目标都有一个最优水平，包括避免不道德或非法的行为，股票价值最大化。另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。请问公司应该怎么做呢?” 5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。 6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。如果管理层认为能提高公司利润，使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。现在的管理层经常在公司面临这些恶意收购的情况时迷失自己的方向。 7.其他国家的代理问题并不严重,主要取决于其他国家的私人投资者占比重较小。较少的私人投资者能减少不同的企业目标。高比重的机构所有权导致高学历的股东和管理层讨论决策风险项目。此外,机构投资者比私人投资者可以根据自己的资源和经验更好地对管理层实施有效的监督机制。 8.大型金融机构成为股票的主要持有者可能减少美国公司的代理问题，形成更有效率的公司控制权市场。但也不一定能。如果共同基金或者退休基金的管理层并不关心的投资者的利益，代理问题可能仍然存在,甚至有可能增加基金和投资者之间的代理问题。 （3）就像市场需求其他劳动力一样，市场也需求首席执行官，首席执行官的薪酬是由市场决定的。这同样适用于运动员和演员。首席执行官薪酬大幅度增长的一个主要原因是
公司理财复习题 一、说明 1.考试题型：计算题2道题、简述题5道题、论述题3道题。 2.考试地点：教学楼610教室。 3.考试时间：20XX年1月7日上午8：30－11：00。 4.考试形式：闭卷。 二、计算题：(本题20分) （一）、见《财务会计学》第277页表12-1资产负债表和第282页表12-5利润表。 注意：考试时，可能存在数据的变化。 1.资产负债率 = 负债总额/资产总额×100% 代入数据： 资产负债率 = 3090362 / 7833717 × 100% = 39.45%。 2.流动比率 = 流动资产 / 流动负债 = 2/1（较为合理数值） 代入数据： 流动比率 = 2538117 / 1849462 = 1.37 3.速动比率 = （流动资产–存货） / 流动负债 = 1/1 代入数据： 速动比率 = （2538117-518710） / 1849462 = 1.09 4.应收周转率 = 赊销收入净额 / 应收账款的平均余额 说明： ①赊销余额假设为50万,考试时可能会变换此数值。 ②应收账款的平均余额 = （应收账款年初数+应收账款期末数）÷2 代入数据：
应收周转率= 50万/(392000+492940)÷2 = 50万/442470=1.13 5.存货周转率 = 销售成本 / 存货平均余额 说明： ①销售成本假设40万，考试时可能会变换次数值。 ②存货平均余额=（存货年初数+存货期末数）÷2 代入数据： 存货周转率=40万/(348200+518710)÷2=40万/433455 = 0.92 6.总资产收益率=（净利润+利息费用）/总资产平均余额×100% 说明： ①总资产平均余额 = （资产年初数+资产期末数）÷2 ②总资产指表格中的资产总计。 代入数据： 总资产收益率=（143700+56500）/(8160100+7833717) ÷2 = 200200 / 7996908.50 = 2.50% 7.所有者权益报酬率 = 净利润 / 所有者权益余额× 100% 代入数据： 所有者权益报酬率 = 143700 / 4743355 = 3.03% （二）、某企业共有长期资金15000万元，其中发行长期债券为3000万元，票面利率为6%，筹资费率3%，按面值发行；发行普通股12000万元，发行价格6元，筹资费率4%，第一年股利为每股0.42元，预计每年增长率为5%。企业所得税为30%。根据以上资料，计算该企业长期资金的个别资本成本和加权平均资本成本（即综合资金成本）？并说明该企业降低资本成本的可能性和途径？ 注意：考试时，可能存在数据的变化，复习时，可参考《财务管理学》第186页至198页例题。 解： 1.债券资本成本率=年使用成本（利息、红利）/（筹资额-筹资费用）
Chapter 20 Issuing Securities to the Public Multiple Choice Questions 1. An equity issue sold directly to the public is called: A. a rights offer. B. a general cash offer. C. a restricted placement. D. a fully funded sales. E. a standard call issue. 2. An equity issue sold to the firm's existing stockholders is called: A. a rights offer. B. a general cash offer. C. a private placement. D. an underpriced issue. E. an investment banker's issue. 3. Management's first step in any issue of securities to the public is: A. to file a registration form with the SEC. B. to distribute copies of the preliminary prospectus. C. to distribute copies of the final prospectus. D. to obtain approval from the board of directors. E. to prepare the tombstone advertisement. 4. A rights offering is: A. the issuing of options on shares to the general public to acquire stock. B. the issuing of an option directly to the existing shareholders to acquire stock. C. the issuing of proxies which are used by shareholders to exercise their voting rights. D. strictly a public market claim on the company which can be traded on an exchange. E. the awarding of special perquisites to management.
中南大学现代远程教育课程考试复习试题及参考答案 公司理财 、名词解释 1.财务分析 2.年金 3.风险报酬 4.机会成本 5.贝他系数 6.债券 7.时间价值 8.财务杠杆 9. 信用政策10.市场风险11.经济批量12.租赁 13. 经营杠杆14. 优先股15. 资金成本16. 最优资本结构 、判断正误 1.企业价值最大化强调的是企业预期的获利能力而非实际利润() 2.企业股东、经营者、在财务管理工作中的目标是一致的，所以他们之间没有任何利害冲突() 3.对于借款企业来讲，若预测市场利率上升，应与银行签订浮动利率合同；反之，则应签订固定利率合同() 4.在终值和计息期不变的情况下，贴现率越高，则现值越小() 5.递延年金终值受递延期的影响，递延期越长，递延年金的终值越大；递延期越短，递延年金的终值越小() 6.存本取息可视为永续年金的例子() 7.在一般情况下，报酬率相同时人们会选择风险大的项目；风险相同时，会选择报酬率高的项目() 8.在期望值不同的情况下，标准离差率越大，风险越大；反之标准离差率越小，风险越小 () 9.如果一个企业的盈利能力越高，则该企业的偿债能力也一定较好() 10.产权比率高，是高风险、高报酬的财务结构；产权比率低，是低风险、低报酬的财务结构() 11. 风险和损失属于同一概念() 12.资产负债率中的负债总额不仅应包括长期负债，还应包括短期负债() 13.筹资渠道解决的是资金来源问题，筹资方式则解决通过何种方式取得资金的问题，它们之间是一一对应关系数() 14.普通股股东具有查账权，因此每位股东都可以自由查阅公司的账目() 15.一般而言而，利息保障系数越大，表明企业可以还债的可能性也越大() 16.在杠杆租赁中，出租人也是借款人() 17.现金折扣政策“ 2/10 ”表示:若在2天内付款，可以享受10%的价格优惠() 18.发行普通股筹集的资本是公司最基本的资本来源，它反映了公司的实力，可作为其他方式筹资的基础，尤其可为股东提供保障，增强公司的举债能力() 19.订货成本与企业每次订货的数量无关() 20.已获利息倍数中的“利息费用”仅指财务费用中的利息费用，而不包括计入固定资产成本中的资本化利息() 21.一般认为，补偿性余额使得其名义借款高于实际可使用款项，从而名义借款利率大于实际借款利率() 22. 优先股股东没有表决权()
Chapter 30 Financial Distress Multiple Choice Questions 1. Financial distress can be best described by which of the following situations in which the firm is forced to take corrective action? A. Cash payments are delayed to creditors. B. The market value of the stock declines by 10%. C. The firm's operating cash flow is insufficient to pay current obligations. D. Cash distributions are eliminated because the board of directors considers the surplus account to be low. E. None of the above. 2. Insolvency can be defined as: A. not having cash. B. being illiquid. C. an inability to pay one's debts. D. an inability to increase one's debts. E. the present value of payments being less than assets. 3. Stock-based insolvency is a: A. income statement measurement. B. balance sheet measurement. C. a book value measurement only. D. Both A and C. E. Both B and C. 4. Flow-based insolvency is: A. a balance sheet measurement. B. a negative equity position. C. when operating cash flow is insufficient to meet current obligations. D. inability to pay one's debts. E. Both C and D.
【思考与练习题】部分习题参考答案 第3章 6. 该公司资产负债表为 XX公司资产负债表XX年12月31日资产期末余额负债及所有者权益期末余额 流动资产流动负债 现金及其等400 应付账款600 价物800 应交税金200 应收账款1200 流动负债合计800 流动资产合计非流动负债 非流动资产3400 应付债券700 固定资产8200 非流动负债合计700 无形资产11600 所有者权益 非流动资产合计实收资本8800 股本溢价1900 留存收益600 所有者权益合计11300 资产总计12800 资产及所有者权益合计12800 7. 公司2007年的净现金流为-25万元。 8. 各比例如下： 4. （1）1628.89 元；（2）1967.15 元；（3）2653.30 元 5. 现在要投入金额为38.55万元。 6. 8年末银行存款总值为6794.89元（前4年可作为年金处理）。 7. （1）1259.71 元；（2）1265.32 元；（3）1270.24 元；（4）1271.25 元；（5）其他条件不变的情况下，同一利息期间计息频率越高，终值越大；至琏续计算利息时达到最大值。 8. （1）每年存入银行4347.26元；（2）本年存入17824.65元。 9. 基本原理是如果净现值大于零，则可以购买；如果小于零，则不应购买。 NPV=-8718.22，小于零，故不应该购买。 第5章 8. （1）该证券的期望收益率=0.15 X 8%+0.30X 7%+0.40X 10%+0.15X 15%=9.55%
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公司理财罗斯课后习题 答案 集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]
第一章 1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。 2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。 3.这句话是不正确的。管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值，当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。 4.有两种结论。一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。因此所有目标都有一个最优水平，包括避免不道德或非法的行为，股票价值最大化。另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。请问公司应该怎么做呢” 5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。 6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。如果管理层认为能提高公司利润，使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。现在的管理层经常在公司面临这些恶意收购的情况时迷失自己的方向。 7.其他国家的代理问题并不严重,主要取决于其他国家的私人投资者占比重较小。较少的私人投资者能减少不同的企业目标。高比重的机构所有权导致高学历的股东和管理层讨论决策风险项目。此外,机构投资者比私人投资者可以根据自己的资源和经验更好地对管理层实施有效的监督机制。 8.大型金融机构成为股票的主要持有者可能减少美国公司的代理问题，形成更有效率的公司控制权市场。但也不一定能。如果共同基金或者退休基金的管理层并不关心的投资者的利益，代理问题可能仍然存在,甚至有可能增加基金和投资者之间的代理问题。
1）单选题，共20题，每题5.0分，共100.0分1 单选题 (5.0分) 资产未来创造的现金流入现值称为？ A. 资产的价格 B. 资产的分配 C. 资产的价值 D. 资产的体量 2 单选题 (5.0分) 谁承担了公司运营的最后风险？ A. 债权人 B. 股东 C. 管理层 D. 委托人 3 单选题 (5.0分) 金融市场有哪些类型？ A. 货币市场 B. 资本市场 C. 期货市场 D. 以上都是 4 单选题 (5.0分) 以下哪项是债券价值评估方式？ A. 现值估价模型 B. 到期收益率 C. 债券收益率 D. 以上都是 5 单选题 (5.0分) 融资直接与间接的划分方式取决于？ A. 融资的受益方 B. 金融凭证的设计方 C. 融资来源 D. 融资规模
6 单选题 (5.0分) 以下哪种不是财务分析方法？ A. 比较分析 B. 对比分析 C. 趋势百分比分析 D. 财务比例分析 7 单选题 (5.0分) 以下哪个不是价值的构成？ A. 现金流量 B. 现值 C. 期限 D. 折现率 8 单选题 (5.0分) 比率分析的目的是为了？ A. 了解项目之间的关系 B. 了解金融发展变化 C. 分析资金流动趋势 D. 分析金融风险 9 单选题 (5.0分) 影响公司价值的主要因素是？ A. 市场 B. 政策 C. 信息 D. 时间 10 单选题 (5.0分) 以下哪种是内部融资方式？ A. 留存收益 B. 股票 C. 债券 D. 借款 11 单选题 (5.0分)
什么是营运资本？ A. 流动资产-流动负债 B. 流动资产+流动负债 C. 流动资产*流动负债 D. 流动资产/流动负债 12 单选题 (5.0分) PMT所代表的含义是？ A. 现值 B. 终值 C. 年金 D. 利率 13 单选题 (5.0分) 金融市场的作用是什么？ A. 资金的筹措与投放 B. 分散风险 C. 降低交易成本 D. 以上都是 14 单选题 (5.0分) 以下哪项不是财务管理的内容？ A. 筹资 B. 融资 C. 信贷 D. 营运资本管理 15 单选题 (5.0分) 微观金融的研究对象是什么？ A. 机构财政 B. 账目管理 C. 股市投资 D. 公司理财 16 单选题 (5.0分) 计划经济时代企业的资金来源是？
Chapter 13 Risk, Cost of Capital, and Capital Budgeting Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. The weighted average of the firm's costs of equity, preferred stock, and after tax debt is the: A. reward to risk ratio for the firm. B. expected capital gains yield for the stock. C. expected capital gains yield for the firm. D. portfolio beta for the firm. E. weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Difficulty level: Easy Topic: WACC Type: DEFINITIONS 2. If the CAPM is used to estimate the cost of equity capital, the expected excess market return is equal to the: A. return on the stock minus the risk-free rate. B. difference between the return on the market and the risk-free rate. C. beta times the market risk premium. D. beta times the risk-free rate. E. market rate of return. Difficulty level: Easy Topic: CAPM Type: DEFINITIONS
习题一 1.5.1单项选择题 1 ．不能偿还到期债务是威胁企业生存的（）。 A ．外在原因 B ．内在原因 C ．直接原因 D ．间接原因 2．下列属于有关竞争环境的原则的是（）。 A ．净增效益原则 B ．比较优势原则 C ．期权原则 D ．自利行为原则3．属于信号传递原则进一步运用的原则是指（） A ．自利行为原则 B ．比较优势原则 C . 引导原则 D ．期权原则 4 ．从公司当局可控因素来看，影响报酬率和风险的财务活动是（）。 A ．筹资活动 B ．投资活动 C ．营运活动 D ．分配活动 5 ．自利行为原则的依据是（）。 A ．理性的经济人假设 B ．商业交易至少有两方、交易是“零和博弈”，以及各方都是自利的 C ．分工理论 D ．投资组合理论 6 ．下列关于“有价值创意原则”的表述中，错误的是（）。 A ．任何一项创新的优势都是暂时的 B ．新的创意可能会减少现有项目的价值或者使它变得毫无意义 C ．金融资产投资活动是“有价值创意原则”的主要应用领域 D ．成功的筹资很少能使企业取得非凡的获利能力 7 ．通货膨胀时期，企业应优先考虑的资金来源是（） A ．长期负债 B ．流动负债 C ．发行新股 D ．留存收益 8．股东和经营者发生冲突的根本原因在于（）。 A ．具体行为目标不一致 B ．掌握的信息不一致 C ．利益动机不同 D ，在企业中的地位不同 9 ．双方交易原则没有提到的是（）。 A ．每一笔交易都至少存在两方，双方都会遵循自利行为原则 B ．在财务决策时要正确预见对方的反映 C ．在财务交易时要考虑税收的影响 D ．在财务交易时要以“自我为中心” 10．企业价值最大化目标强调的是企业的（）。 A ．预计获利能力 B ．现有生产能力 C ．潜在销售能力 D ．实际获利能力11．债权人为了防止其利益受伤害，通常采取的措施不包括（）。 A ．寻求立法保护 B ．规定资金的用途 C ．提前收回借款 D ．不允许发行新股12．理性的投资者应以公司的行为作为判断未来收益状况的依据是基于（）的要求。 A ．资本市场有效原则 B ．比较优势原则 C ．信号传递原则 D ．引导原则13．以每股收益最大化作为财务管理目标，存在的缺陷是（）。 A ．不能反映资本的获利水平 B ．不能用于不同资本规模的企业间比较 C ．不能用于同一企业的不同期间比较 D ．没有考虑风险因素和时间价值 14 ．以下不属于创造价值原则的是（）。 A ．净增效益原则 B ．比较优势原则 C ．期权原则 D ．风险—报酬权衡原则 15. 利率=（）＋通货膨胀附加率＋变现力附加率+违约风险附加率+到期风险附加率。 A ．物价指数附加率 B ．纯粹利率 C ．风险附加率 D ．政策变动风险 1.5.2多项选择题
公司理财复习题(小小) 注:本人在百忙之中经过几天几夜整理,只求考试过关,难免有差错和漏洞. 红色部分为不知道答案部份.请各位同学再汇总一下.并在群中分享,谢谢! 1.企业组织形态中的单一业主制和合伙制有哪四个主要的缺点？这两种企业组织形态相对公司形态而言，有哪些优点？ 答:单一业主制企业的缺点 虽然单一业主制有如上的优点，但它也有比较明显的缺点。一是难以筹集大量资金。因为一个人的资金终归有限，以个人名义借贷款难度也较大。因此，单一业主制限制了企业的扩展和大规模经营。二是投资者风险巨大。企业业主对企业负无限责任，在硬化了企业预算约束的同时，也带来了业主承担风险过大的问题，从而限制了业主向风险较大的部门或领域进行投资的活动。这对新兴产业的形成和发展极为不利。三是企业连续性差。企业所有权和经营权高度统一的产权结构，虽然使企业拥有充分的自主权，但这也意味着企业是自然人的企业，业主的病、死，他个人及家属知识和能力的缺乏，都可能导致企业破产。四是企业内部的基本关系是雇佣劳动关系，劳资双方利益目标的差异，构成企业内部组织效率的潜在危险。 合伙制企业的缺点 然而，合伙制企业也存在与单一业主制企业类似的缺陷。一是合伙制对资本集中的有限性。合伙人数比股份公司的股东人数少得多，且不能向社会集资，故资金有限。二是风险性大。强调合伙人的无限连带责任，使得任何一个合伙人在经营中犯下的错误都由所有合伙人以其全部资产承担责任，合伙人越多，企业规模越大，每个合伙人承担的风险也越大，合伙人也就不愿意进行风险投资，进而妨碍企业规模的进一步扩大。三是合伙经营方式仍然没有简化自然人之间的关系。由于经营者数量的增加，在显示出一定优势的同时，也使企业的经营管理变得较为复杂。合伙人相互间较容易出现分歧和矛盾，使得企业内部管理效率下降，不利于企业的有效经营。 单一业主制企业的优点 单一业主制企业是企业制度序列中最初始和最古典的形态，也是民营企业主要的企业组织形式。其主要优点为：一是企业资产所有权、控制权、经营权、收益权高度统一。这有利于保守与企业经营和发展有关的秘密，有利于业主个人创业精神的发扬。二是企业业主自负盈亏和对企业的债务负无限责任成为了强硬的预算约束。企业经营好坏同业主个人的经济利益乃至身家性命紧密相连，因而，业主会尽心竭力地把企业经营好。三是企业的外部法律法规等对企业的经营管理、决策、进入与退出、设立与破产的制约较小。 合伙制企业的优点 合伙制作为一种联合经营方式，在经营上具有的主要优点有：一是出资者人数的增加，从一定程度上突破了企业资金受单个人所拥有的量的限制，并使得企业从外部获得贷款的信用能力增强、扩大了企业的资金来源。这样不论是企业的内部资金或外部资金的数量均大大超过单一业主制企业，有利于扩大经营规模。二是由于风险分散在众多的所有者身上，使合伙制企业的抗风险能力较之单一业主制企业大大提高。企业可以向风险较大的事业领域拓展，拓宽了企业的发展空间。三是经营者即出资者人数的增加，突破了单个人在知识、阅历、经验等方面的限制。众多的经营者在共同利益驱动下，集思广益，各显其长，从不同的方面进行企业的经营管理，必然会有助于企业经营管理水平的提高。
Chapter 16 Capital Structure: Basic Concepts Multiple Choice Questions 1. The use of personal borrowing to change the overall amount of financial leverage to which an individual is exposed is called: A. homemade leverage. B. dividend recapture. C. the weighted average cost of capital. D. private debt placement. E. personal offset. 2. The proposition that the value of the firm is independent of its capital structure is called: A. the capital asset pricing model. B. MM Proposition I. C. MM Proposition II. D. the law of one price. E. the efficient markets hypothesis. 3. The proposition that the cost of equity is a positive linear function of capital structure is called: A. the capital asset pricing model. B. MM Proposition I. C. MM Proposition II. D. the law of one price. E. the efficient markets hypothesis. 4. The tax savings of the firm derived from the deductibility of interest expense is called the: A. interest tax shield. B. depreciable basis. C. financing umbrella. D. current yield. E. tax-loss carry forward savings.
公司理财复习题 一、单选选择题 1、企业的管理目标的最优表达是（C ） A．利润最大化 B．每股利润最大化 C．企业价值最大化 D．资本利润率最大化 2、把若干财务比率用线性关系结合起来,以此评价企业信用水平的方法是(B ) A杜邦分析法B沃尔综合评分法C预警分析法D经营杠杆系数分析3、“5C”系统中的“信用品质”是指（ D ） A．不利经济环境对客户偿付能力的影响 B．客户偿付能力的高低 C．客户的经济实力与财务状况 D．客户履约或赖账的可能性4、投资报酬分析最主要的分析主体是( B ) A上级主管部门B投资人C长期债人D短期债权人 5、普通年金终值系数的倒数称为（ B ） A复利终值系数B偿债基金系数C普通年金现值系数D投资回收系数6、为了直接分析企业财务善和经营成果在同行中所处的地位,需要进行同业比较分析,其中行业标准产生的依据是( D ) A历史先进水平B历史平均水平C行业先进水平D行业平均水平 7、J公司2008年的主营业务收入为500 000万元，其年初资产总额为650 000万元，年末资产总额为600 000万元，则该公司的总资产周转率为( D) A。77 B。83 C。4 D。8 8、下列选项中，不属于资产负债表中长期资产的是( A ) A应付债券B固定资产C无形资产D长期投资 9、计算总资产收益率指标时，其分子是( B )。 A. 利润总额 B. 净利润 C. 息税前利润 D. 营业利润 10．在财务报表分析中，投资人是指（D）。 A 社会公众B金融机构 C 优先股东D普通股东 11．流动资产和流动负债的比值被称为（A ）。 A流动比率B速动比率C营运比率D资产负债比率12．下列各项中，（D）不是影响固定资产净值升降的直接因素。 A固定资产净残值B固定资产折旧方法 C折旧年限的变动D固定资产减值准备的计提 13、债权人在进行企业财务分析时，最为关注的是（B）。 A.获利能力 B.偿债能力 C.发展能力 D.资产运营能力 14、能够直接取得所需的先进设备和技术，从而能尽快地形成企业的生产经营能力的筹资形式是（ B ） A．股票筹资B．吸收直接投资C．债券筹资D．融资租赁 15、下列项目中，属于非交易动机的有（ D ） A支付工资B购买原材料C偿付到期债务D伺机购买质高价廉的原材料16、下列项目中属于非速动资产的有（ D ） A．应收账款净额B．其他应收款C．短期投资 D．存货 17、下列（ C）不属于固定资产投资决策要素。 A.可用资本的成本和规模 B. 项目盈利性 C. 决策者的主观意愿和能力 D. 企业承担风险的意愿和能力 18、确定一个投资方案可行的必要条件是（ B ）。
一、单项选择题（每小题2分） 1、下列哪个恒等式是不成立的？ C A. 资产=负债+股东权益 B. 资产-负债=股东权益 C. 资产+负债=股东权益 D. 资产-股东权益=负债 2、从税收角度考虑，以下哪项是可抵扣所得税的费用？ A A. 利息费用 B. 股利支付 C. A和B D. 以上都不对 3、现金流量表的信息来自于 C A. 损益表 B. 资产负债表 C. 资产负债表和损益表 D. 以上都不对 4、以下哪项会发生资本利得/损失，从而对公司纳税有影响？ B A.买入资产 B.出售资产 C.资产的市场价值增加 D.资产的账面价值增加 5、沉没成本是增量成本。 B A. 正确 B. 不对 6、期限越短，债券的利率风险就越大。B A. 正确 B. 不对 7、零息债券按折价出售。 A A. 正确 B. 不对 8、股东的收益率是股利收益率和资本收益率的和。 A A. 正确 B. 不对 9、期望收益率是将来各种收益可能性的加权平均数，或叫期望值。 A A. 正确 B. 不对 10、收益率的方差是指最高可能收益率与最低可能收益率之差。 B A. 正确 B. 不对 11．财务经理的行为是围绕公司目标进行的，并且代表着股东的利益。因此，财务经理在投资、筹资及利润分配中应尽可能地围绕着以下目标进行。 C Ａ．利润最大化Ｂ．效益最大化Ｃ．股票价格最大化Ｄ．以上都行 12．在企业经营中，道德问题是很重要的，这是因为不道德的行为会导致 D Ａ．中断或结束未来的机会Ｂ．使公众失去信心 Ｃ．使企业利润下降Ｄ．以上全对 13．在净现金流量分析时，以下哪个因素不应该考虑 A Ａ．沉没成本Ｂ．相关因素Ｃ．机会成本Ｄ．营运资本的回收 14. 每期末支付￥1，每期利率为r，其年金现值为：D A. B. C. D. 15. 据最新统计资料表明，我国居民手中的金融资产越来越多，这说明了居民手中持有的金融资产是 D Ａ．现金Ｂ．股票Ｃ．债券Ｄ．以上都对 16.除了，以下各方法都考虑了货币的时间价值。C A. 净现值 B. 内含报酬率 C. 回收期 D. 现值指数 17. 企业A的平均收账期为28.41天，企业B的平均收账期为48.91天，则 C A.企业B是一家付款长的客户 B.应该将平均收账期同使用的信用条件中的信用天数相比较 C.很难判断 18.为了每年年底从银行提取￥1,000，一直持续下去，如果利率为10%，每年复利一次，那么，你现在应该存多少钱？A A.￥10,000 B. ￥8,243 C. ￥6,145 D. ￥11,000 19. 大多数投资者是：A A. 规避风险的 B.对风险持中性态度的 C. 敢于冒险的 D. 以上都不对 20. 财务拮据通常伴随着 D
CHAPTER 20 INTERNATIONAL CORPORATE FINANCE Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. a. The dollar is selling at a premium because it is more expensive in the forward market than in the spot market (SFr 1.53 versus SFr 1.50). b.The franc is expected to depreciate relative to the dollar because it will take more francs to buy one dollar in the future than it does today. c.Inflation in Switzerland is higher than in the United States, as are nominal interest rates. 2.The exchange rate will increase, as it will take progressively more pesos to purchase a dollar. This is the relative PPP relationship. 3.a.The Australian dollar is expected to weaken relative to the dollar, because it will take more A$ in the future to buy one dollar than it does today. b.The inflation rate in Australia is higher. c.Nominal interest rates in Australia are higher; relative real rates in the two countries are the same. 4. A Yankee bond is most accurately described by d. 5. No. For example, if a cou ntry’s currency strengthens, imports bee cheaper (good), but its exports bee more expensive for others to buy (bad). The reverse is true for currency depreciation. 6.Additional advantages include being closer to the final consumer and, thereby, saving on transportation, significantly lower wages, and less exposure to exchange rate risk. Disadvantages include political risk and costs of supervising distant operations. 7. One key thing to remember is that dividend payments are made in the home currency. More generally, it may be that the owners of the multinational are primarily domestic and are ultimately concerned about their wealth denominated in their home currency because, unlike a multinational, they are not internationally diversified.