定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案
第1讲关系词的选择技巧
考点1.相关概念
A.主句、从句、关系词
例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.
主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中，This is the boy.是主句。)
定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）(例
句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech
Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy。)
先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中，the boy是先行词。)
关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)
关系词的三个作用
i.作定语从句的一个句子成分。
ii.起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。
iii.代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面
的先行词the boy。）
B.关系代词
i.指人时可以用who, 也可用that。
Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?
The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom’s
uncle.
ii.指物时可以用which, 也可用that。
I like visiting places which/that are not far away.
How do you like the film which/tha t was shown last
Sunday.
iii.whose可以指人也可以指物。
He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known
in his life time.
The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.
iv.关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.
Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked
about just now? 注：（）表示关系代词省略
C.关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where 指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：
①We will put off the picnic until next week when the
weather may be better.
②He has reached the point where a change is needed.
③That is no reason why you should leave.
④This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)
基础过关
1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。
①The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter.
②The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called
Smith.
③ A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
④I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea.
⑤ A letter ______ /_____ is written in pencil is hard to read.
⑥The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him
yesterday is very important.
⑦That is the boy ______ / ______ / ______ / ______ you
are looking for.
⑧Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the
meeting？
⑨This is the school ______ I used to study.
⑩I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time.
2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。
主句：
:（）
关系词：
This is the book (that I have been looking for).
①The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.
②Have you bought the book which we talked about？
③I still remember the day which we spent together last
week.
④He still lives in the house whose windows face south.
⑤The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most
fluently in our class.
⑥The girl who you met was John’s sister.
⑦There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.
⑧They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still
dark.
⑨The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.
⑩Is this the hospital where you were born?
考点2.关系词的选择技巧
A.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句
．．．．中作什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。
①He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.
②He worked in the factory where his father had worked.
③I like the school which is near to my home.
④I like the school where my sister studies.
在句①和句②中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which 也有用where的；
在句③和句④中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。
因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先
1
2
行词。
在句①和句③中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which ；
在句②和句④中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where 。
我们可以看出，用．哪个．．关系词，主．．．．．要．看．关系词．．．在定语从句．．．．．中．作．什么成分．．．．
。 B. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换” 一. 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲） 二. 还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词） 三. 替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when ，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why ）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what 的时候用which/that 即可） 例如：
① This is the school ______ I once studied.
② This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city. ③ I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches
English. 找：（略）
还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为： I once studied at the school .
The school is the most famous in the city. My father teaches English at the school .
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。 替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what 的要换为which/that 。 因此，答案为：1.where ；2. that/which ；3. where C. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
【2009江西】The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it
B. in
C. in that
D. in which
答案与分析：A 没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C 介词后不能用that ；D 关系词一般不位于句末；而B 可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B 。 利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词 1. Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his
carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 2. Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 3. The r eason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what 4. He lives in a village ______ is not far from the city. A. which B. where C. what D. whose 5. He lives in the village ______ he was born. A. which B. where C. what D. whose
6. In an hour, we travel to places ______ could have taken our
ancestors days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what 7. In an hour, we travel to places ______ we can relax and get refreshed. A. where B. when C. which D. what 8. I ’ll never forget the days ______ we spent together. A. that B. / C. when D. A and B 9. 【2014湖南】I am looking forward to the day ______ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where 10. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways ______ do not do harm to other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that 11. Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced? A. when B. the one where C. that D. in which 12. Is this factory ______ color TV sets are produced? A. which B. the one where C. that D. in which 13. This is the factory ______ produces color TV sets. A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which
14. 【2010天津】—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—Y ou should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 15. 【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 16. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmos phere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 17. 【2012江西】By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 18. 【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom
I. 单句改错
1. 【2010重庆】Firstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets.
2. 【2010重庆】After hearing your sad stories, he will say
some words that is nice and warm. 3. 【2006江西】I read your e-mail to qq 329950885 my
parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me. 4. I often think of the days when we spent on the island
together. 5. This is the museum where you visited the other day. 6. Have you ever been to Shanghai, where I left ten years ago? II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
7. 【2014新课标Ⅰ】Maybe you have a habit______ is driving
your family crazy.
3
第2讲 只能用that 不能用which 的情况
考点1. 先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything
等不定代词时 1. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.
A. which
B. as
C. who
D. that 2. 【2010全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点2. 先行词是all, much ，little, none 或先行词被all, much,
little, no, any 修饰时 3. There is not much ______ can be done.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
4. There is no difficulty ______ can’t be overcome in the
world. A. that B. which C. who D. what 5. 【2014陕西】Please send us all the information______ you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 6. You can take any seat ______ is free. A. that B. / C. which
D. it
考点3. 先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the
very, the only, the same 修饰时 7. The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to
is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 8. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 9. This is the very film ______ I’ve long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 10. This is the last time ______ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 11. It’s the third time ______ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived 考点4. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用
that 12. We’re talk ing about the piano and the pianist ______ were
in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 13. He talked a lot about things and persons ______ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 考点5. 当先行词前面有which ，who 等疑问代词时，为避免
重复，用关系代词that
同理，当先行词是that, those 时，常用关系代词which 或who 。如：
What’s that which is under the desk ？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
14. Who is the person ______ is standing at the gate of Beijing
Tourism Tower? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 15. Who ______ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 16. Those ______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 考点6. 注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响
只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如： 17. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 18. This is the same house ______ her grandfather was born. A. that B. where C. which D. whose
I. 单句改错
1. Is there anything which belongs to you?
2. Both the girl and her dog which were crossing the street
were hit by a coming car. 3. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
4
第3讲 其他有关关系代词选择的规则
考点1. 只用which, who, whom 不用that 的情况
A. 关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which ，不用that ；
要用whom ，不用who 。 1. 【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and
Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2. 【2008湖南】The growing qq 329950885 speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.
A. most of them
B. most of which
C. most of what
D. most of that 3. This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 4. 【2012上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts? A. which B. them C. that D. whom B. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不用that ，也不能省略。 （参看P7第6讲） 5. 【2010全国1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school,
______ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 6. 【2012全国Ⅱ】That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 考点2. whose 可指人也可指物
若指物，它还可以同of which 互换; 若指人，一般不与of whom 互换
1. He lives in a house. Its window faces south.
→He lives in a house whose window faces south. He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.
→He lives in a house, the window of which faces south. →He lives in a house, of which the window faces south. 2. He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua
University. 由于我们一般说his son ，不说the son of him, 因此我们只能说:
He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University.
而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University. 7. I saw some trees ______ the leaves were black with disease.
A. where
B. of which
C. in which
D. whose 8. 【2010陕西】The old temple, ______ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 9. 【2014山东】A company______ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 10. 【2013福建】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 考点3. 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指
人)时，关系代词常用who Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。 All who heard the story were amazed. 所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。 考点4. what 不能作关系代词；one 作同位语
11. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable
moment, ______ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 12. Her sister has become a lawyer, ______ he wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which 13. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life, ______ he thought he would never see. A. what B. that C. one D. it 14. 【2010山东】Helping others is a habit, ______ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one
I. 单句改错
1. 【2013海南/新课标Ⅱ】Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.
2. She showed me the dictionary, on that she spent most of her
money. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
3. Miss Smith is a strict but good teacher, ______who often
cares about our life and study at school. 4. 【2009安徽】Many children, ______ parents are away
working in big cities ，are taken good care of in the village.
5
第4讲 as, but, than 用作关系代词
考点1. as 引导限制性定语从句
例题：I had never heard such an interesting story ______ you told me yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. that/which 有些同学可能选择D ，这说明有关定语从句的基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。 要记住：
如果先行词被such, the same, so+形容词+a/an ，as+形容词+a/an 修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as 。
此时，as 同that, who, which, whom 一样，是关系代词，代指the same, so, such 和as 引导的短语，常译作“正如，像”，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语和表语。 A. 先行词被such 修饰时，构成“such…as…”。
It ’s such a heavy stone as nobody can move. 那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。（as 作宾语） Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face. 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。(as 作主语) B. 先行词被the same 修饰时，构成“the same…as…”。
We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.
我们已得出和他们同样的结论。(as 作主语) This is the same watch as was worn by John. 这与约翰戴的那块表一样。(as 作主语)
C. 在 “as…as…” 句型中，第一个as 后面跟名词时。
它可以看作是 “as+形容词+as ” 的一种变化形式。 He is as good as his brother. 他和他弟弟一样好。 这句话还可以表达为：
He is as good a boy as his brother.
It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. (as 作宾语) 这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。
D. 在“so+形+冠+n. + as”句型中 (He is so good a student as
every teacher likes.)
它可以看作是先行词被such 修饰时关系代词用as （第一种情况）的一种变化形式。
He is such a good student as every teacher likes. 他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。 用so 可以表达为：
He is so good a student as every teacher likes.
（参看P.错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 考点2. the same…as 与the same…that
the same…as 指同一类，the same…that 指同一个。 I bought the same car as yours.
我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。
This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。
考点3. such…as 和such….that 的区别（该用定语从句还是
用结果状语从句） such…as “像……样的”，as 引导的是定语从句，as 作句子成分；such…that “如此……以至于”，that 引导的是结果状语从句, that 不作句子成分。 判断办法：
如果后面成分完整，用that 来引导结果状语从句； 如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as 来引导定语从句。 It was so difficult a problem ______ no one worked it out. （成分完整，结果状语从句, 填that ）译为： 这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来。
It was so difficult a problem ______ no one worked out. （成分不完整，定语从句, 填as ）译为： 这是一道没有人能算出来的难题。 练习
1. He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with
______. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. It wasn’t such a good present ______ he had promised me. A. that B. as C. which D. what 3. We should read such books ______ will make us better and wiser. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 4. This is such a heavy box ______ I can’t move it. A. as B. that C. which D. whose 5. Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem ______ none of us worked out. A. as B. that C. which D. whose 6. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where 7. The man showed us so heavy a stone ______ no one can lift. A. that B. as C. which D and 8. I received ______ nice a gift ______ my mother promised. A. the same; as B. as; as C. such; as D. the same; that 9. I want to use the same tools ______ used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 10. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ______ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as
6
I. 单句改错
1. He isn’t such a man that he used to be.
2. He is not such a man who would leave his work half done.
3. It was so difficult a problem that no one worked out. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
4. These houses are sold at such a low price ______ people
expected. 5. I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing. III. 写作技能提升 6. 起初，我认为李老师有点怪，因为他总是问一些没人能
回答的问题。（kind of odd, such questions as ） 7. 他不是一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做这样的一个人。（such a man, put off …until tomorrow ） 8. 在我生日那天，我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼
物。（receive as good a gift ） 9. 我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那支钢笔，这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。（the same, a gift from, contain my anger ） 10. 英语是如此有用的一门语言，世界上许多人都在学它。（so
useful, learn it ）
第5讲 关系副词
关系副词有when, where, why 三个，在定语从句中一般
作状语；how 不能作关系副词。 考点1. 关系副词在定语从句中常作状语
1. 【2015陕西】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is
always longing for the time ______ he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 2. 【2009重庆】Life is like a long race ______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 3. 【2012浙江】We live in an age ______ more information is available with great ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 4. 【2013四川】Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live. A. what B. which C. when D. where 考点2. the way 作先行词
首先要确定the way 在定语从句中作什么成分。如果the way 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。 ① I don’t like the way ______ will cost too much money. ② The way ______ he thought of to solve the problem was
not practical. 在句①中，the way 在定语从句中作主语，因此要填关系代词that/which 。在句②中，the way 在定语从句中作宾语，因此也要用关系代词：that/which/省略。
如果the way 在定语从句中作状语(定语从句还原后是in the way)，关系词用下面三种情况的任一种： in which ；that ；省略。
The way ______ he answered the question was surprising. A. how B. that C. in which D. / E. B/C/D 定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为：He answered the question in the way.
in the way 在定语从句中作状语，因此选E 。
5. That is not the way ______ I do it.
A. /
B. which
C. for which
D. with which
6. This is the only way ______ you can find.
A. that
B. /
C. in which
D. A, B and C
E. A and B
7. I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to his mother. A. that B. / C. in which D. A, B and C 考点3. situation, case, point, business 等作先行词，关系副
词常用where 8. 【2009浙江】I have reached a point in my life______ I am
supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why 9. 【2003上海】I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 10. 【2008江西】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which 11. 【2004湖南】I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 12. 【2009福建】It’s helpful to put children in a situation______ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 考点4. occasion(时机)作先行词时关系副词用when It was a rare -indeed unique occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right.
考点5. when 引导非限制性定语从句
13. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,
______ for the first time in years their team won the world cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 14. The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, ______ the sun is high in the sky. A. while B. when C. so D. that 15. We played in the garden till sunset, ______ it began to rain. A. when B. after C. while D. then
7
第6讲 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
考点1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 A. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗
号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that 来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that 引导。如： ① This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） ② The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） ③ I lost my money that day, for which I had to walk home. (非限制性，for which 不能换为why ，which 代指前面 “I lost my money that day.”这句话) ④ He met with a pretty girl in the park, whom he fell in love
at first sight. (非限制性，whom 不能换为who) B. 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰
时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如： ① Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last
year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 ② My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我的房子，去年买的，带着个漂亮的花园。 ③ This novel, which I have read three times, is very
touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 练习
翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别。 1. He has a brother who is a physicist.
He has a brother, who is a physicist.
2. He returned all the books which are written in English.
He returned all the books, which are written in English. 3. The man who lives next door is a doctor.
My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.
4. A student who studies hard will make good progress.
The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team. 考点2. as, which 引导的非限制性定语从句
A. as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句
前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开；但which 所引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as 指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首) He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末) Taiwan , as you know, is a part of China.
8
(as 指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)
He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like.
(which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面) B. as 引导非限制性定语从句，常带有“正如”。当从句为
否定时不能用as 。
She failed the exam again, as was unexpected. × She failed the exam again, which was unexpected. √ C. as, which 可指代整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。
He was very happy, as could be seen from the look on his face. ( as 指代前面整个主句)
He claimed he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true. (which 指代“he could speak three foreign languages ”，指代前面一句话的一部分) D. as is often the case 是常用说法，意为“像往常那样；正如经常发生的那样”，只能用as ，不能用which 。 1. 【2010四川】After graduating from college ，I took some
time off to go travelling, ______ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 2. Eric received training in computer for one year, ______ he found a job in a big company. A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 3. Y ou were very impolite to him, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 4. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 5. 【2009全国II 】 My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 6. 【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was ，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 7. 【2012福建】The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 8. ______ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A. As B. That C. It D. What 9. 【2013陕西】______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 10. The Beatles, ______ many of you are told enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as
I. 单句改错
1. 【2005安徽】Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.
2. 【2004重庆】I had to look up the same word many times,
for which was quite troublesome. 3. Which is natural, he married Mary.
4. There is no simple answer, which is often the case in
science. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
5. 【2009福建】If possible （可能）, we may leave them alone
for some time before reading again, ______ will help a great deal. 6. 【2010湖北】______ we have stressed many times, “serve
the people” is our first policy. 7. 【2015江苏】The number of smokers, ______ is reported,
has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 8. 【2015福建】China Today attracts a worldwide readership,
______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. III. 写作技能提升
9. 我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到
了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。（find somebody doing, take …to, which ） 10. 正如一句谚语所说，“All work but no play makes Jack a
dull boy.”如果没有一个强壮的身体，一个人会一事无成。（saying, a sound body, achieve ） 11. 正如图表所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去两
年越来越糟。（as is shown in the chart, the air quality ） 12. 在汉语演讲比赛中我获得了一等奖，这我做梦也没有想到。（win the first prize, Chinese speech competition, beyond my wildest dreams ） 13. 在我国，许多学生上不起大学，李华就是这种情况，但
这些人却花这么多钱买奢侈品。（can ’t afford to attend a college, as is the case with, waste money on, luxury ） 非限制性定语从句在写作中非常好用，可以把琐碎的要点连成一个高级的句子来。尝试用非限制性定语从句翻译下面句子。
14. 我们的学校，位于内乡西北角，有34年历史。（be located
in, have a history of ） 15. 我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们一切
都奉献给了我们。（in one ’s thirties, devote oneself to ） 16. 我们学校的领导，都年轻有为，他们也都是教学方面的专家，还经常到外地学习先进的教学和管理经验。(young and successful in their careers, expert, advanced theories in teaching and management) 17. 我们学校有四千多学生，大多数都能用心学习。(the
majority of, put one ’s heart into) 18. 我为我们的学校而感到自豪。我相信，在这里，如果我
们好好学习的话，一定会考上名牌大学。(be proud of, there is a good chance that, be admitted to)
第7讲 介词＋关系代词
关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用
have argued for a long time.
D. into which
第8讲同位语从句和定语从句
例题：
He told me the news this morning ______ his father had come back.
A. which
B. that
C. which or that
答案是B。那么A为什么不可以呢？
要弄明白这个问题，就要搞清楚定语从句和同位语从句
9
的区别。同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面：
A.从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:
①We are now looking into the question whether he is
worth trusting.
我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同
位语从句）
②Word came that he had been abroad.
据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）
③Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们队赢了,这让我们很高兴。（定语从句）
B.从性质上区别
定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
①The news that our team has won the game was true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
（同位语从句，说明news到底是一个什么消息）
②The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
（定语从句, 指他告诉我的消息）
③I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make
him very rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。
（同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容）
④The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。
（定语从句, promise在从句中作pleased的主语）
C.引导词上的区别
i.引导词that引导定语从句时，作从句的一个成分，有
时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同
位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不
能省略，也不能用which来代替。
例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
①The order that we should send a few people to help the
other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。
②The order that we received yesterday was that we should
send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的
几个小组。
解析：
①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作
成分，不能换为which, 也不能省略。
②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中
作received的宾语，可以换为which，也可以省略。
ii.how, whether, what虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句；who, whose, whom, which, when, where, why 除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。
iii.定语从句的引导词反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语
从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。
①The reason that he gave for his coming late was not true.
②The reason that his alarm clock was broken was not true.
在①中，that的意思是reason, 在定语从句中作give的宾
语。在②句中，that只起连接作用，不含有the reason的
意思。
iv.在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为“介词+关系代词”，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为“介词+连接
代词”的形式。
①The suggestion where he stressed the importance of
exercising was very practical.
②The suggestion where we should exercise regularly is
very practical.
在上面的句①中，where可以换为in which；在句②中，where不能换为in which。
例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
①That question whether we need it has not been
considered.
②I have no idea what has happened to him.
③I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with it.
④The school where Bob studies is in the middle of the
city.
⑤The decision when we should get started hasn’t been
made.
解析：①、②、③是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词
的内容, whether, what和how不能引导定语从句。
④是定语从句，where反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为
in which。
⑤是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when
并没有反映the decision的意思。when也不能改为at
which time。
练习
1.The news ______ he has been elected president of the
United States is true.
A. that B which C. what D. where
2.The news ______ you told me yesterday is true.
A. that B when C. what D. where
3.【2006重庆】Nobody believed his reason for being absent
from the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the air
port.
A. why
B. that
C. where
D. because
4.Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for
his carelessness in his work?
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. why
5.Galileo collected the facts ______ proved the earth and all
the other planets move around the sun.
A. that
B. which
C. /
D. A and B
6.Galileo discovered the fact ______ the earth and all the
other planets move around the sun.
A. that
B. which
C. /
D. A and B
7.【2006安徽】A warm thought suddenly came to me
______ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers
for my mother’s birthday.
A. if
B. when
C. that
D. which
8.【2004上海】A story goes ______ ElizabethⅠof England
liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and
qualified noblemen at court.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. that
10
11
pick me up at the airport ?
第9讲 定语从句与易混句型
考点1. 定语从句与同位语从句(参看P9第8讲)
考点2. 定语从句与独立主格结构（参看P. 错误！未定义书
签。错误！未找到引用源。） 考点3. 定语从句与强调句型（参看P.错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 考点4. 定语从句与地点状语从句 例题：
① Rice doesn’t grow well ______ there is not enough water. A. where B. in which 有的同学认为两个答案都对，解释说where 可以换为in which 。而正确答案只能是A ，因为在这里where 引导的是地点状语从句而不是定语从句。
在定语从句中关系副词where 可以换为“介词＋关系代词”，而在状语从句中则不能这样换。 辨别方法：定语从句有先行词而状语从句没有先行词。试比较：
② I still remember the farm ______ my parents worked ten
years ago. A. where B. on which 本题A ，B 两个答案都行，因为本句where 引导的是定语从句，先行词是the farm 。
1. Go and get your coat. It’s ______ you left it.
A. there
B. where
C. there where
D. where there
2. When you read the book, you ’d better make a mark ______ you have any questions.
A. at which
B. at where
C. the place
D. where 3. 【2006四川】—Mom, what did your doctor say?
—He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 4. 【2006天津】If you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where 考点5. 定语从句与并列句 例：A. them B. they
C. whom
① He has three daughters, none of ______ is an engineer. ② He has three daughters, but none of _____ is a dancer. ③ He has three daughters; ______ are doctors.
并列句有像and ，but ，so 等并列连词或分号连接，这时就不必再用关系词了；而定语从句中，关系词起着连接作用，不必要再用and, but ，so 等连词。
（参看“两个主谓结构时”P.错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 答案：① C ② A ③ B
5. 【2013浙江】The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom
6. I have five friends, but none of ______ are business- men. A. that B. whom C. they D. them
7. I have five friends, ______ are businessmen. A. that B. who C. they D. them
8. 【2012山东】Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what
12
第10讲 定语从句的其他常见考点
考点1. 分隔定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。如：
He was the only person in this country who was invited. 定语从句与先行词the only person 被in this country 分隔。 1. 【2011上海】You’ll f ind taxis waiting at the bus station
______ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 2. 【2011天津】The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 3. 【2012江苏】After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 考点2. one of, the one of, the only one of 例题：选用is 、are 填空
① Tom is one of the students who ______ good at playing football. ② Tom is the only/very one of the students who ______
good at playing football. ③ Tom is the one of the students who ______ good at
playing football. 在①中，定语从句的先行词是the students, 这些学生都擅长踢足球，而Tom 是他们中的一个, 因此who 代指的是the students, 因此填are 。
在②中，Tom 就是那些学生中唯一擅长踢足球的那一个。擅长踢足球的只有一人，因此，who 代指一个人，后面填is 。此时，先行词是the one 。此时，the one 有两个定语，of the students 和后面的定语从句。
第③句同第②句差不多。擅长踢足球的还是只有一人，因此，先行词是the one ，要填is 。
因此，我们可以发现这样的规律：
one of 后跟名词复数时, 后面定语从句的先行词是of 后面的名词复数，从句谓语用复数； the one of/ the only one of 后跟名词复数时，定语从句的先行词是the one/the only one ，从句谓语用单数。 4. 【1994上海】She is one of the few girls who ______ in the
kindergarten. A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well 5. It is one of the best books ______.
A. that have ever been written
B. that has ever been written
C. which have been written
D. which has been written 6. Jack was the one of my classmates who ______ invited to
attend the contest. A. had B. have C. was D. were 7. This is the very one of the most interesting films ______ shown last week.
A. which was
B. that was
C. which were
D. that were 8. 【2010全国Ⅱ】 Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the
only one of the women who ______ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 考点3. is this school the one 与is this the school 看下面两题：
① Is this school ______ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. which C. that D. where ② Is this the school ______ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. where C. in which D. / 要简化难题，可把疑问句恢复成陈述句。在第一句中，恢复陈述句，is 要放到school 的后面。如果放到this 的后面的话，就构成了this is school, 而school 作为可数名词单数是不能单独使用的，前面要用冠词或物主代词或指示代词。（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 答案：A D 9. Is this factory ______ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 10. Is this the factory ______ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. how 考点4. 关系词的省略（仅供了解） A. 关系代词作宾语时的省略
当关系代词在非限制性定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语，且关系代词不直接位于介词后面时，可以省
13
答案
第一章 定语从句
第1讲 关系词的选择技巧
1.① who/that ② who /whom /that /不填
③ whose ④ whose
⑤ that /which ⑥ that /which /不填 ⑦ who /whom /that /不填 ⑧ why ⑨ where
⑩ when
2. ①The movie (that we saw last night) is very exciting. ②Have you bought the book (which we talked about)? ③
(which we spent together last
④He still lives in the house (whose windows face south). ⑤
(whose father is a policeman ) speaks English
most fluently in our class. ⑥The girl (who you met) was John’s sister.
⑦ ⑧They arrived in the early morning (when the sky was still
⑨The days were gone (when we had to travel on horses ). ⑩Is this the hospital (where you were born)? 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A
8. D 9. C 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B 16.
A
17.
A
18.
C
1. secrets 后加with ；with 的宾语是关系代词，省略了。
2. is 改为are ；that 代指的是words ，所以要用复数。
3. 去掉it ；it 变为关系代词省略了，不能再要it 。
4. 把when 去掉或者改为that/ which ；关系词作spent 的
宾语，所以要用关系代词或省略。 5. 把where 去掉或者改为that/ which ；关系词作visited
的宾语，所以要用关系代词或省略。 6. where 改为which ；关系词作left 的宾语，所以要用关
系代词。 7. that/which ；在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词。 8. where ；关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词。 9. which/that ；在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词。 10. that/which/不填；作spent 的宾语，用关系代词。 11. that/which ；先行词是mountain tops and dark waters 。 12. where ；先行词是the marked 。
13. At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager
demonstrated the new (type of) electronic toys (which / that) children were looking forward to.
14. The book has helped me greatly, especially at work where
a good impression is a must. 15. I think Students should involve themselves in community
activities where they can gain experience for growth.
16. I will never forget the days (that/ which) we spent
together. 第2讲 只能用that 不能用which 的情况
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B 16.
D
17.
D
18.
B
19. B
12. that 改为which ；先行词是不定代词anything 。 13. which 改为that ；先行词有人有物。 14. which 改为that ；先行词有all 修饰。 15. that ；先行词是all 。 16. that ；先行词有序数词修饰。
17. My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she
rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. 18.
This is the very book that I have been looking for. 19. I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick
to their own opinions. 20. Who is the woman that is sweeping the floor over there?
21. She is no longer the woman (that) she used to be. 22. If there is any difficulty (that) you can ’t overcome alone,
you can turn to your parents or friends for help.
第3讲 其他有关关系词选择的规则
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. D
9. B 10. A 11.
B
12.
D
13.
C
14. D
10. that 改成which ；which 代指dinner ，非限制性定语从句。 11. that 改为which ；介词后面只能用which 不能用that 。 12. one ；作teacher 的同位语。 13. whose ；作定语用whose 。 14. whom ；介词of 后用宾格。
15. whose ；whose 作关系代词时可以指人也可指物。 16. Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers,
two of whom influenced me greatly. (influence)
17.Visiting your city is an unforgettable experience, one I will
treasure for the rest of my life.
18.Those trees, whose branches are almost bare, are all
hundreds of years old.
第4讲as, but, than用作关系代词
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. C 10. D
1.that改为as；先行词有such修饰，用关系代词as。
2.who改为as；先行词有such修饰，用关系代词as。
3.that改为as，或者在out前加it。前者是改为定语从
句，后者是改为结果状语从句。
4.as；成分不完整，是定语从句。
5.as；前面有the same修饰，表示相似。
6.At first, I thought Mr. Li was kind of odd, because he was
always asking such questions as no one could answer.
7.He isn’t such a man as put off what he can do today till
tomorrow.
8.On my birthday, I received as good a gift as my mother
had promised.
9.I found in his schoolbag the same pen that I lost the other
day, which is a special gift from my friend, and I couldn’t
contain my anger.
10.English is so useful a language that many people in the
world are learning it.
第5讲关系副词
1. D
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. E
7. D
8. B
9. D 10. A
11. C 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A
16.that改为where；非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语。
17.which 改为where；在从句中作状语。
18.for后加which或把for改为why；后面是定语从句。
19.which改为where；在从句中作状语。
20.where；在从句中作状语。
21.which；先行词是the way。
22.in which /where；在从句中作状语。
23.where/in which；先行词是atmosphere。
24.Now we have come to a point which is very critical to our
future, where we are supposed to devote ourselves to
studying.
25.There are many cases where students who don’t listen
carefully in class end up dropping out of school.
26.On the one hand, I admire his gifts, but on the other I don’t
like the way he treats others.
27.The reason why I am weak in English is that I’m not
interested in it.
28.Normally, we get home at 10 p.m., when most people have
gone to sleep.
第6讲限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.他有一个当医生的兄弟。（不止一个兄弟，其中一个
是医生。）
他有一个弟弟，是个医生。（只有一个弟弟。）
2.他把所有的英文书都归还了。（还有别的书没归还）
他把所有的书都归还了；这些书都是英文书。
3.住在我隔壁的那个人是个医生。
我姐姐是个医生，住在我的隔壁。
4.努力学习的学生会取得进步。
这个学生是他们校足球队的队长，他住得离学校很
远。
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. D 10. D
1.that改为which；非限制性定语从句只能用which。
2.去掉which前的for；which本身都起着连接作用。
3.Which改为As；which引导非限制性从句时不能放在
句首。
4.which改为as；as is often the case固定用法。
5.which；代指前面一句话。
6.As；代指后面一句话，作stress的宾语。
7.as；as有“正如”之意。
8.which；which代指前面描述的事情。
9.I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to
hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late
that morning.
10.As a saying goes, “All work but no play makes Jack a dull
boy.” Without a sound body, one cannot achieve anything.
11.As is shown in the chart, the air quality of the city has
become worse and worse in the past two years.
12.I won the first prize in the Chinese speech competition,
which was beyond my wildest dreams.
13.In our country, many students can’t afford to attend a
college, as is the case with Li Hua, but these people waste
so much money on so many luxuries.
14.Our school, which is located in the northwest of Neixiang,
has a history of thirty-four years.
15.The teachers of our school, most of whom are in their
thirties, have devoted all their lives to us.
16.The leaders of our school, who are young and successful
in their careers, often go to other schools to learn
advanced theories in teaching and management, although
they are experts themselves.
17.There are more than 4, 000 students in our school, the
majority of whom put their hearts into their studies.
18.I am proud of our school, where I am sure if we do our
best, there is a good chance that we can be admitted to
one of the most famous universities of our country.
第7讲介词+关系代词
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. B 10. D
11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D
16.which前加through或from；根据句意。
17.in改为with；write with a pen。
18.to；return to 再回到。
19.for；pay money for sth.
20.Learning strategies, to which teachers attach great
importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of
students.
21.When I first got here, I had hardly any friends, and there
was no one to whom I could turn for help when I met with
trouble.（或there was no one I could turn to for help）
22.We climbed up to the top of the hill, from where we could
have a good view of the whole town.
23.If there is someone in your life to whom you need to say
sorry, go ahead and make an apology.
第8讲同位语从句和定语从句
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. A 10. B
11. C 12. A
13.how改为that；indication 指示，表明，后跟同位语从句。
14.which改为that；后面是机会的内容，同位语从句。
15.that；decision的内容，是同位语从句。
16.that/ which；定语从句，that/which指代先行词。
17.that；是news的同位语从句，说明news的内容。
18.I have made a promise to myself that I will never play
computer games before graduation.
19.We were really sad when word came that you would go
back to your country soon.
20.A saying goes that practice makes perfect, so if you want to
learn English well, you must spent more time on it.
21.I believe if you do your best, there is a great chance that
you’ll succeed in the end.
第9讲定语从句与易混句型
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. B 10. A
11.there去掉；there不是名词，不能跟定语从句。
12.them改为whom，或者在most前加and/but；没连接。
13.where；where引导地点状语从句。
14.them；前面有连词but，因此是并列句。
15.She buys a lot of clothes, and most of them are very
expensive. (…, most of which are very expensive)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e11167773.html,st summer, we went to Hainan Island, where we had
long wanted to go.
第10讲定语从句的其他常见考点
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. D 10. B
11.were改为was；先行词有the only修饰，定语从句谓语
用单数。
12.which改为where；where引导表语从句，……的地方。
13.has；先行词有the only修饰。
14.which；先行词是passion，关系词作starting的逻辑主语。
15.He is the only one of the students who has won the first
prize three times in a row.
16.My hometown isn’t the little village it was (isn’t what it
was) ten years ago, when there were old houses everywhere
and people could hardly feed themselves.
17.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students
which allows them to communicate freely with each other.
18
题组一基础过关 I.单句语法填空 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered. 3. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 4. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 5. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. 6. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 7. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. II. 用适当的关系词填空 1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking? 2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village. 4. Do you know the reason John is so angry? 5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting. 6. The reason he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense. 7. I still remember the night she left the house. 8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all. 10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 题组二能力提升 I．单项填空 ( ) 1.This year’s children’s party, ________ some parents were invited to, was a great success. A.which B.why C.whose D.where ( ) 2.The death of the closest relatives, ________ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and unbearable. A.which B.who C.as D.the one ( ) 3.—Have you heard any news about Sarah? —Yes, she was promoted to president of her company, ________ surprised everyone.
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
T e a c h i n g D e s i g n Grammar — The Attributive Clause (I) (who, whom, which, that, whose) 淅川二高贾丽君 I. Teaching aims: 1. Help students understand what the Attributive Clause is and its function. 2. Enable students to use relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that, whose) in the Attributive Clause properly. 3. Encourage students to express their love to fathers using the Attributive Clause. II. Teaching important and difficult points: Enhance students’ proficiency and accuracy in using the relative pronouns to write the Attributive Clauses. III. Teaching methods: Task-based teaching method; Audio-lingual method; Cooperative learning; Group discussion IV. Teaching steps: Step I：Lead in 1. Guess a riddle. This is a man who loves us very much. This is a man whose love is as great as a mother’s.
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
高中英语定语从句几个难点的教学 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）即从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句是高中语法的重要组成部分，也是历年高考考查的重点。虽然学生在初中就已经初步接触了定语从句，但是由于定语从句的关系词有多样性，先行词比较复杂，且从句本身的位置非常灵活的特点，所以学生会遇到很到让他们感到束手无策的定语从句问题。在笔者的教学实践中发现，大多数学生在关系词的确定，as既能引导限定性定语从句也能引导非限定性定语从句，“名词/代词/数词/比较级或最高级+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句及定语从句和其它从句的区别上等方面困惑较大。本文从以上几个方面进行反思。 一：引导定语从句的关系词的确定 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, 和as。引导定语从句的关系副词有where, when, 和why。学生的困惑就在于碰到地点，时间，还有原因类的先行词时，就不知道是用关系代词还是关系副词了。例如： Group1：a) Is this the factory you visited last week? b) Is this the factory your father worked ten years ago? Group2：a) The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten. b) The day she played with us was never to be forgotten. 要准确地解决上面的两组问题，只要弄清楚一点，即关系词在定语从句中所充当的句 通过分析上面四个定语从句，我们很快就可以找出正确答案。Group1: a) that/which b) where Group2: a) that/which b) when 二：as既能引导限定性定语从句也能引导非限定性定语从句 学生对非限定性定语从句掌握得最好的是which引导的非限定性定语从句。as虽然在高中课本中和各类考题中都有出现，但教材上的语法归纳却涉及很少，是学生在定语从句学习中的一个盲点。但是as引导的定语从句也不难掌握。
高一英语定语从句讲解 精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
定语从句 一、基本概念：定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week
（二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts.
定语从句专项练习2018.1.16 1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12. The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14. I’m interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15. I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16. He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
高中英语定语从句练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
高中英语复习专题：定语从句 一．概述 She is the girl who likes singing . 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 ↓ ↓ ↘ 先行词 引导词 定语从句 定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。 关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语 结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句 ↓ ↓ 二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法 1. who ：在从句中作主语，只可指人 ①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） ②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语） 2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人 ①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ ②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。 ①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？ ②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。 ③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom 或of which+the+n./ of whom+the+n. ①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。 She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class. ②你看到窗户破了的房子吗？ Do you notice the house whose window is broken? the window of which is broken? of which the window is broken? 4. that：作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物 ①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） ②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语) ③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略） 5. which：作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物 ①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语） ②The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） ③This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语）
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。