高考英语语法---虚拟语气划重点
在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望，其动词形式有三种
（1）表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。
I wish I had time to read.
（2）表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已经发生的一件遗憾事，谓语动词用“had +动词过去分词”。
I wish I had studied very hard.
（3）表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿望，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。I wish he would be more careful.
I wish he would do the job better.
She wishes I would go with her.
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法(if 条件句下的虚拟语气)
终点1.Without (没有),but for(要不是), otherwise(否则), 这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句.
I was busy last week ,otherwise I would have come to see you .
= I was busy last week ,if I had not been busy last week, I would have come to see you
1. Without electricity, human life____ quite different today. 对现在进行虚拟
A. is
B. Will be
C. would have been
2.But for the Party, he ____of hunger 30 years ago. 对过去进行虚拟
B.would die
C. must die
D. must have died
3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ____your bitrhday party. 对过去进行虚拟
A. Attended
B. have attended
C. Would attend
练习We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _____ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited【答案】D
重点2. 省略连词if 的虚拟条件句中(易错点☆☆☆)
如果把连接条件从句的连词if省略，必须将从句的谓语部分的助动词had, 情态动词should或系动词were等移至主语之前，构成倒装语序。☆谐音记忆：（还had属should我were）
①Had he known my address (=If___he had known___my adress_), he would have visited me earlier. ②Should I meet Jay Zhou some day(=If_I should meet Jay Zhou), I might tell him that I like him. ③Were I you (=If __I were you_), I would get on well with my teachers and classmates.
重点3. 在as if, as though方式状语从句中（基础知识☆☆☆）
在as if/though 后的方式状语从句中，表示某种情况与现在的事实相反, 谓语动词用过去式；表示即将发生的情况“用情态动词+动词原形”；表示某种的情况有过去的事实相反, 谓语动词用过去完成时。
①The coach always treats the players as if he ____were____(be) their own father.
② Her head felt as if it __had burst__(burst).
③ Gary was behaving as though nothing ___had happened____（happen）.
有时：as if/though从句描述的是事实，则用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It sounds as though she has been really ill.
重点4 如果是真实事实，那么用正常的陈述语气。
例如It looks as if it is going to rain.(确实要下雨)。
5. If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party. (她确实不会唱歌) A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t D. might not
重点五：错综时间条件句
主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生,这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格形式进行,而需要按照各自的时间来调整,这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句.
If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would have been all right then.
如果你那时听了医生的话,你那时就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间同时.)
If you had followed the doctor’s advice (then), you would be all right now.
如果你那时听了医生的话,你现在就好了.
(主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与从句各自的时间做调整.)
If you had watered them more, the crops would have grown still better.
(表示对过去的虚拟)
如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长得更好
If you had watered them more ,the crops would be growing still better.
如果你再给庄稼多浇些水,他们会长得更好.(指现在长得更好.)
如果到现在我还没有写完作文,我明天就还得写它.
(从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与将来事实相反.)
If I hadn’t finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow.
如果他昨天把功课都准备好的话,他现在就不会这么困难.
If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday, he wouldn’t have so many difficulties now.
重点六：在“It +be +某些形容词或过去分词+that”的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式常用“(should)+动词原形”。
常用的形容词有：necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange
常用的过去分词通常是表示建议，要求，命令等suggestd,required,requested,demanded ,ordered,desired,advised,...
It is natural that he should say so.
It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once.
重点七.表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句
一坚持. insist
二命令, order, command
三建议,advice, suggest, propose,
四要求demand, require, request, desire ，通常用“should+动词原形”。Should可以省略．
He suggested that we should visit the palace right away.
She proposed that the meeting be put off.
He ordered that they should start off immediately.
I demanded that he should answer me at once.
在表示建议，要求，命令等名词之后的表语从句，同位语从句中，通常用“should+动词原形”。
这些名词有：idea, proposal, order suggestion,decesion, advice……
His proposal is that the meeting (should) be put off.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.
重点八:在“It’s (about, high) time + that从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词
用过去式表示一种建议，意思是“该做某事了”。
You look so tired tonight. It’s time you went to bed.
It’s high time you got up.
It is time we started off.
重点九if only句型“要是…该多好啊！”谓语动词用法同wish,谓语动词用过去式，过去完成式,或would/could/shoud/might+动词原形表示虚拟语气。
If only I could see him now.
If only I hadn’t lost it.
重点十：would rather／had rather后跟从句，谓语动词通常用过去式表示与现在或者将来的虚拟，用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。
I would rather you came tomorrow
I’d rather you hadn’t accepted their invitation yesterday.
I would rather you had not done it.
重点十一: Lest ,in case ,for fear that 唯恐，以免从句谓语动词使用should +动词原形
情态动词与虚拟语气使用真题单句语法填空
【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they ___ had driven ______ (drive)a few more kilometers.
【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I __ had
_____(have) a second chance to become more involved.
【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I______ could have left _____(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
【2018·江苏】24.
It’s strange that he __should____have taken the books without the owner’s per mission.
解析：It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system ___ had been put ____（put）to use, the accident would never have happened.
Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ____ had told ____ (tell) me, I could have helped.
If it_____ had not been ___(not be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ___ danced _____(dance)as well as her.
We ___would be____(be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
错综时间条件句If he had spent more time practicing English before, he __ would be ______ (be)able to speak it much better now.
巩固练习
1. If we _____ yesterday, we _____ the work.
A.weren’t interrupted; would finish
B.didn’t interrupt; would have finished
C.hadn’t interrupted; had finished
D.hadn’t been interrupted; would have finished
2. —Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?
—No. If he had, I don’t believe _____ broken the living room window.
A. would he have
B. he had
C. he would have
D. he has
3. It is time that you _____ home and I’d rather you _____ again tomorrow.
A. should go; would come
B. went; came
C. go; came
D. should go; will come
4. Helen doesn’t know how much I spent in repairing the house. If she ever
found out, I’m sure _____.
A. she’d never forgive me
B. she never forgives me
C. she’ll never forgive me
D. she had never forgiven me
5. —He has just come out of the hospital.
—No wonder he looks as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
6. But for his friends, he _____ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. died
B. would die
C. must have died
D. would have died
7. We’re safer in a train than we would be if we _____ any other way.
A. traveled
B. had traveled
C. travel
D. would travel
8. If he _____ tomorrow, I should give him the dictionary he needs.
A. comes
B. should come
C. would come
D. will come
9. Were it not for the debts, we _____ all right.
A. would be
B. would have been
C. were
D. are
10. I suggested yesterday a meeting _____ to discuss the matter.
A. be held
B. should hold
C. would be held
D. must be held
11. If only we _____ as we were told. This would never have happened.
A. had done
B. would done
C. do
D. did
12. Supposing he never _____, what would happen then?
A. came
B. come
C. would come
D. will come
13. —Why didn’t anybody ring me up?
—Sorry, I lost your telephone number. Otherwise, I _____ long before.
A. had rung you up
B. must have rung you up
C. would have rung you up
D. ought have rung you up
14. I wish I _____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. should be
B. were
C. had been
D. was
15. He would gain weight but he _____ enough.
A. wouldn’t eat
B. doesn’t eat
C. didn’t eat
D. hadn’t eaten
参考答案ＤＣＢＡＣＤＡＢＡＡＡＡＣＣＢ
虚拟语气语法总结 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块 1.虚拟条件句 第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
【英语】虚拟语气知识点总结和题型总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I _______ you , I _______ do that . A．was , would B．were ; wouldn’t C．am , won’t D．were , won’t 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我不会那样做。本句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用动词用过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should （would,could,might）+ 动词原形。故选D。 考点：虚拟条件句。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3． If I ______ you, I _____the job. A．was; will take B．was; would take C．were; would take D．were; will take 【答案】 C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我就要这份工作。If引导的句子是愿望时，用过去式表示，而且系动词用were,主句用would加原形。故选C。 考点: 考查虚拟语气的用法。 4．If I ______ you, I ______invite him to go to see a movie. A．am;would B．were;will C．were;would D．was;will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会邀请他去看电影。go to see a movie去看电影；invite sb to do邀请某人做某事；在表达与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，Be用were,主句用would。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 5．— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars? — I would give it to charity.
关于虚拟语气的知识点整理 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 （4）I t’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 （5）as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. （6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
专升本英语虚拟语气重点： 1，If were you，I would/could/should do study hard 如果我是你，我就努力学习 2，If I had a chance ，I would/could/should study hard 如果我现在有一个机会，我一定要努力学习 （与现在事实相反） 3，If I had finished my work ，I would/could/should have been better 如果我以前完成我的工作，我就能更好。（与过去事实相反） 4，If it rained tomorrow，I would/could/should stay at home 如果明天下雨，我将会待在家里。5，If it should rain tomorrow ，I would/could/should stay at home 6，If it were to rain tomorrow，I would/could/should stay at home （与将来事实相反） 7，Were it to rain tomorrow，I would/could/should stay at home 如果明天下雨，我将待在家里 8，Had it rain yesterday，I would/could/should have stayed at home 如果昨天下雨，我将待在家里 9，Should it rain tomorrow，I would/could/should stay at home 如果明天下雨，我将待在家里。10，If I were you ，I would have stayed at home yesterday 如果我是你，我昨天就在家待着。(混合虚拟语气) 11，It is + 形容词（命令，要求，建议，决定，主张）that +从句（should+动词原形，should可以省略）例如：insistent坚持的，adamant坚定的，imperative必要的，preferable 更好的，compulsory必修的，vital 至关重要的，等等形容词） It is important that you（should）study hard 你应该好好学习是多重要 12，在宾语从句中，表示命令，要求，建议，主张时也用虚拟语气，（常用动词有：propose 建议，command命令，urge 催促，等动词），从句中的should 可以省略 I advise that you （should ）study hard 我建议你应该好好学习 13，I wish I hadn’t promised 我希望当初我没有许愿 14，I wish I had money 我祝愿现在就有钱 15，I wish it could /would/might rain tomorrow,我祝愿明天下雨 16，would rather，would sooner，would （just）as soon，would prefer 宁愿 I would （just）as soon you were to Beijing 我宁愿你去北京。 17，在表示建议，命令，主张，目的，计划和愿望的同位语从句中，要用虚拟语气，从句通常是should+动词原形，should 可以省略 常有的名词有：preference，prosposal，motion等名词 My proposal is that we should study hard every day 我的提议就是我们应该每天努力学习 18，He talked about Beijing as if he had been there 他谈论北京感觉自己好像去过 19，He speaks as if he were a local man 他说话好像自己就是当地人一样 20，He opened his mouth as if he would say something他张开嘴好像他想要说什么 21，He started doing his homework lest he should be punished 他开始做他的作业，以防被惩罚 22，He ran away for fear that he should be seen 唯恐被人发现，他逃跑了 23，But for water= （if it were not for water），nothing should be survived 要是没有水，没有
最新虚拟语气知识点总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．—A student in my class said to me, “if I ______our math teacher, I_____ make math learning easier and more interesting instead of giving the kids much homework to do every day.”A．were, would B．am, will C．was, would D．were, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我班里的一个学生对我说：如果我是数学老师，我会使数学学习更简单有趣，而不是每天给学生许多作业去做。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 该句描述的是与现状相反的事实故选A。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．--------- Come and join us, Jim! ---------- I’m sorry I can’t . If I _______ time, I would certainly go. A．will have B．have had C．had D．had had 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。 （1）、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” （2）、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” （3）、与将来事实相反
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景，即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为： 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
注意：虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,
虚拟语气语法汇总
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虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如：How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。 虚拟语气的构成 种类条件句结构主句结构 与现在事实相反动词用过去式 be 动词用were Should/could＋动词原形 would/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的用had＋过去分词 Should/could＋have＋过去分词 would/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反动词用过去式 were to 加动词原形 should 加动词原形 should＋动词原形 would＋动词原形虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表 种 类 功用句型例句 虚拟语气表示主观 愿望 主句谓语宾语从句谓语动词I wish we could go to the seaside today. wish 现在过去式 过去 had+过 去分词 I wish I had gone to the basketball match. 将来 should+ 动词原 形 would+ 动词原 形 could+动 词原形 might+动 词原形 I wished I could fly to the moon. I wish you would stay here a little longer. would rather 现在过去式 I would rather you came to my party tomorrow. 表示虚拟状语从句从句动She looked after the orphan as if he
虚拟语气真题 1. He insisted that he ______ until the work is finished. A. didn't rest B. not rest C. wouldn't rest D. don't rest 2. ______he known my address, he would have come. A. Were B. Did C. Had D. Should 3. If only I ______ not so nervous at the important interview. A. was B. has been C. be D. were 4. We could not even look at the sun, for otherwise we______. A. should be blinded B. be blinded C. were blinded D. blind 5. If the whole surgery______ beforehand carefully, there would have been a better result. A. was planned B. has been planned C. had been planned D. were planned 6. The teacher recommended that Jack______ math or physics instead of English because he was quick at numbers. A. must study B. could study C. study D. studied 7. It is of vital importance that a person at least both physically and mentally strong to be an astronaut (宇航员). A. shall be B. be C. are to be D. must be 8. If he were really interested in buying the apartment,Jack an offer before now. A. must have made B. will make C. would have made D. would make 9. If Mary had not been badly hurt in a car accident, she in last month’s marathon race. A. would participate B. might participate C. would have participated D. must participate 10．，he would surely urge us to put away our past prejudices and avoid his own tragic error of putting all his eggs in one basket． A．Is he alive today B．Be he alive today
虚拟语气（注意时态和所用规则） 一般原则 现在：if+主+动词过去式（be动词用were）主+should/could/would/might+do 过去：if+主+had + done 主+should/could/would/might+have/has + done 将来：if+主+动词过去式 If+主+were to do 主+should/could/would/might+do If+主+should do 出现with、without、but for、otherwise、ever if 、ever though………用法与一般原则一样 Wish原则 虚拟的动作相比wish是同时时，虚拟部分用-----------过去式 过去-----------过去完成时 未来-----------could/would do 例：I wish ……………………………… If only =I wish 学过倒装的，可以回顾一下if的倒装形式 区别：If only 与only if （if）(只有…才…) 意思雷同首字母
Would rather原则 对现在虚拟-------用过去式 过去-------用过去完成式 将来-------用过去式 例：I’d rather that……………… As if /as though 原则 对现在虚拟-------用过去式 过去-------用过去完成式 将来-------用would do 区别：as if/as though与even if/even though 前者意思是好像，后者意思是即使、虽然后三种原则区别是对将来的虚拟形式不同
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
虚拟语气练习题 1. If I ____ where he lived，I ____ a note to him. A. knew，would B. had known，would have sent C. know，would send D. knew，would have sent 2. If they ____ earlier than expected，they ____ here now. A. had started，would be B. started，might be C. had started，would have been D. will start，might have been 3. I didn't know his telephone number. ____ it，I ____ then. A. Had I known，would ring him up B. Should I know，would have rung him up C. If I knew；would ring him up D. Had I known；would have rung him up 4. Mary is ill today. If she _____，she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill，wouldn't be B. had been ill，wouldn't have been C. had been ill，should have been D. hadn't been ill，could be 5. Were I to do it，I ________ it some other way. A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do 6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible，but I was so busy then. A. could tell，if it had been B. must have told，were it C. should have told，had it been D. should have told，should it be 7. Without your help，we________ so much. A. won't achieve B. didn't achieve C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved 8. You didn't take his advice. _____his advice，you ___such a mistake. A. Had you taken，wouldn't have made B. If you had taken，would make C. Were you lo take，shouldn't have made D. Have you taken，won't have made 9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school. A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do 10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going 11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. should C. would D. were able to 12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might 13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he's refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given 14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li