句子成分(Members of a Sentence)
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词）
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem 等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻
Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主
语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，
them等
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show 显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：
Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please.
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格+ 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格+ 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户. 名词/代词宾格+ 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│Ｏ（宾语）│Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和
数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语
一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，
汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条
件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\' 副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语：
Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
状语从句：
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句
、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
三、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以
说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）四、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称
为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。
肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语：称呼人的用语。
插入语：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束. 情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe 大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。
五、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否
则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
例：
错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.
或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
句子成分练习题( 一)
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）
①I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C.go
D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B.did
C. whom
D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）
①The old man was feeling very tired.
②Why is he worried about Jim?
③The leaves have turned yellow.
④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）
①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
②What is your given name?
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）
①There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me?
答案
(一)①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do
(二)①B②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C⑨A ⑩ A
(三)①homework.②English.③attention④words ⑤to go swimming⑥he was ill.⑦him monitor ⑧bridge museum⑨it school.⑩who"Father Christmas"really is.
(四)①tired.②worried③yellow.④i nterested⑤the first
(五)①family ②given③third ④some ⑤downstairs ⑥of the other shoe!
(六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③difficult ④Lily⑤get on the bus⑥playing football
(七)①on her face.②Every night ③when he was eleven.
④too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm⑥because she loves books.⑦if you’ve lost it⑧to see the other machine.
(八)①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语
②me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语
④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语
句子成分练习题( 二)
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：
1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .
2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .
3. That was how they were defeated.
4.The nursery takes good care of our children .
5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .
6.We are sure that we shall succeed .
7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .
8.There are many film that I’d like to see.
9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?
10.I have a lot of work to do . 11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .
12.I said it in fun .
13.We can send a car over to fetch you .
14.She had to work standing up .
15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .
16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .
17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .
18.We should serve the people heart and soul.
19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .
20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .
21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .
22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .
23.It was in the library that I come today .
24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .
25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
句子成分练习题( 三)
A
1、___ six years since I began to study English.
A. It is
B. I have been
C. There are
D. It was
2 、___ in the room at that time.
A. Nobody was
B. Someone were
C. Who is
D. He are
3 、IT'S very noisy outside. ___ is going on?
A. Who
B. What
C. Which
D. Where
4、___ in English in class every day is important.
A. Speak
B. Talking
C. Saying
D. To tell
5 、There must be____ near the factory.
A. a book store
B. book store
C. books store
D. books stores
6 、Although it's raining hard, ___ are still working in the fields.
A. but they
B. and they
C. they
D. since they
B
1、The doctor as well as the nurses ___ great concern for the
patients.
A. show
B. shows
C. have shown
D. are showing
2、Your son must be a clever boy, ___ he?
A. is
B. isn't
C. must
D. mustn't
3、The computer center, ___ last year, is very popular among
students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. opened
D. being opened
4 、I ___ go to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home.
A. mustn't
B. had to
C. can't
D. needn't
5 、Don't ___ excited.
A. get
B. is
C. seem
D. look 6 This room ___ every morning.
A. is cleaning
B. is cleaned
C. cleans
D. cleaning
C
1、Glad to meet you! ___ is your full name?
A. What
B. Where
C. How
D. Who
2、He is ___ to lift the heavy box.
A. too weak
B. weak too
C. enough weak
D. weak enough
3、The days are ___ warmer and warmer in spring.
A. getting
B. looking
C. seeming
D. going
4 、His job is____English.
A. teach
B. to teach
C. taught
D. teaches
5 、Two balls are___.
A. under the desk
B. in the wall
C. to here
D. at desks
D
1 、We should get ready___ others.
A. helping
B. to help
C. help
D. help with
2、___interesting work we are doing?
A. What a
B. How
C. What
D. What an
3、I want___ a teacher when I grow up (-fx;fc).
A. to be
B. to
C. be
D. being
4、-Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?
-I don't think so. To be honest, I really don't feel like___on a picnic.
A. going
B. to go
C. go
D. went
5 Do you know___?
A. where does he live
B. where he lives
C. where he live
D. if where he lives
6 Let ____ do it again.
A. I
B. me
C. he
D. she
7 I don't know___.
A. how to do
B. what to do
C. where to do
D. when to do
E
1、I saw him ___ basketball with Jack an hour ago.
A. plays
B. to play
C. played
D. play o
2、Sorry, we've kept you___ for a long time.
A. waited
B. sing
C. stand
D. waiting
3 、The teacher told us ____ late again.
A. aren't be
B. don't be
C. not to be
D. not be
4 、We find the room very___.
A. warm
B. warmly
C. terribly
D. hardly
F
1 、I found ___ difficult to work together with him.
A. it
B. its
C. that
D. those
2 、We all know ___ our duty to clean our classroom after school
every day.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. it
3、He found ___ very interesting to play with the little dog.
A. what
B. it
C. /
D. that
G
( ) 1 Tom said he ___ a good dream yesterday evening.
A. dream
B. dreamed
C. have
D. has
( ) 2 Children ___ a happy life in China.
A. lead
B. living
C. has
D. leading
H
( ) 1 America, Japan and Canada are___countries.
A. developing
B. developed
C. less developed
D. develop ( ) 2 -___ skirt is that on the chair?
-Let me see. Oh, no, it's not mine.
A. Whose
B. What
C. Who's
D. Which
( ) 3 Do you have anything ___?
A. saying
B. to^ay
C. said
D. say
( ) 4 Look, there is an___tree by the wall.
A. apple
B. apple's
C. apples'
D. apples
( ) 5 Where is____seat?
A. yours
B. your
C. you
D. yourselves
I
( ) 1 The box is ___ heavy for her ___ carry.
A. very; to
B. too; not to
C. too; to
D. very too; to
2 -___ did you buy the new bag?
-Last Monday.
A. Where
B. How
C. When
D. Who
3 You can see these signs in a hospital. ___ can you see them?
A. Where else
B. Where place else
C. Where else place
D. Else where
4 They went out ___ their old friends.
A. visit
B. visiting
C. to visit
D. visited
5 There is a wide river____ our village.
A. outside
B. over
C. from
D. below
J
1 The young man, ___ works in the office.
A. me brother
B. my brother
C. my brothers
D. me
2 Our English teacher, ___ often helps us with study.
A. Mrs Wang
B. Mrs5 Wang
C. MrsWang's .
D. of him
3 ___, some railway workers are busy repairing the train.
A. Them
B. He
C. They
D. Theirs
A . 1-6 A A
B B A
C B. 1-6 B B C
D A B C. 1-5 A A A B A
D. 1-7 B C A A B B B
E. 1-4 D D C A
F. 1-3 A D B
G. 1-2 B A
H. 1-5 B A B A B I .1-5 C C A C A J. 1-3 B A C
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
专题一名词、介词和数词 1．The_________is just around the corner and you won’t miss it． A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’shop 2．Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination． A．to B．at C．by D．as 3．________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every-day． A．Several million B．Many millions C．Several millions D．Many million 4．This is not a match．We’re playing chess just for________． A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game 5．No matter what you do，you should put your________into it． A．mind B．heart C．brain D．thought 6．There are usually at least two________of looking at every question． A．means B．directions C．views D．ways 7．My chest________when I make a deep breath，doctor． A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures 8．The home improvements have taken what little there is________my spare time． A．from B．in C．of D．at 9．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain________an inch． A．by B．at C．to D．from 10．To regain their________after an exhausting game，the players lay in the grass． A．force B．energy C．power D．health 11．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect． A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 12．Every new________has the possibility of making or losing money． A．event B．venture C．adventure D．expedition 13．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area． A．in B．off C．at D．with 14．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them． A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 15．“I don’t think it's my________that the TV blew up．I just turned it on，that’s a11．”said the boy． A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty 16．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________in the number of natural disasters． A．result B．account C．reason D．increase 17. Life is tough in the city．In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol． A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 18．I don’t mind picking up your things from the store．________，the walk will do! me good． A．Sooner or later B．Still C．In time D．Besides 19．The accident is reported to have occurred _______the first Sunday in February． A．at B．on C．in D．to 20．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend． A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 21．He got to the station early，________missing his train．． A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of 22． I feel that one of my main duties________a teacher is to help the students to be．
句子成分及基本句型(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。 There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
高中英语语法通霸1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同） 考点1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich） 在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health.
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高三毕业总复习语法专项练习题1 1. —Have you enjoyed your visit here? —Yes, I’ll be very sorry _____. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 2. —I’ll help you whenever you need me. —Good. I’d like _____ me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 3. —Where did he go? —He went to another store _____. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 4. —My baby has a heart trouble. —Did the doctor find it difficult _____? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 5. —Did the judge ask you many questions? —Yes, and _____. A.they were difficult to be answered B.to answer them was to be difficult C.they were difficult to answer D.they had difficulty in answering 6. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 7. Last summer I took a course on _____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 8. I know him _____ a good basketball player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 9. I was surprised _____. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 10. Now we could not do anything but _____ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 11. I don’t know her and I don’t _____. A. want B. want to C. want it D. want so 12. To play fair is as important as _____. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well 13. It’s most foolish _____ so. A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 14. I have no pen _____. A. writing B. to write C. to write with D. to be writing 15. Those letters are _____ to the countryside right away. A. to be sent B. sending C. to have been sent D. sent 16. _____ our wishes, we must try our best to work well. A. Realizing B. To realize C. Realized D. Having realized 17. Would you please _____ on the table? A. don’t write B. not to write C. not write D. not writing 18. Tom pretended _____ something when his mother came in. A. writing B. to write C. to be writing D. being written 19. We are all afraid _____ by robbers. A. to rob B. to be robbed C. of robbing D. of being robbed 20. I’m sorry _____ off the light when I left the room. A. to forget to turn B. to have forgotten to turn C. to have forgotten turning D. to be forgetting turning 21. The child had no choice but _____. A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. cried
英语句子成分分析
句子成分（Sentence Members） 句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） 练一练：指出下例句中主语的中心词。 1).The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 2).There is an old man coming here. 3).The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4).To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 练一练：选出句中谓语的中心词。 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
背诵这些句子，英语语法再也不用愁了！ It句型 1. It is/has been 3 years since he got married. 他结婚3年了。 2. It will be 3 years /a long time before everything returns to normal. （将）要3年/很长时间一 切才恢复原状。 3. It was 3 hours before the fire was put out. 过了三个小时大火才被扑灭。 4. It won’t be long before he comes back. 不会要很久他就会回来的。 5. It/This is/was the first(second) time (that) I have been/had been here. 这是我第一（二）次我 来 6. It makes no difference to me when the sports meeting will be held. 运动会什么时候举行对我说无关紧要。 7. Two many students find it difficult to get into the classroom on time in the morning. 太多学生觉得早上按时到校很难。 9. It was Oct 1st, 1949 when PRC was founded. 中华人民共和国成立的时间是 10. It was on Oct 1st, 1949 that China was founded. 中华人民共和国就是在1949年10月1日 成立的。 虚拟语气 11. If I were you, I wouldn’t help him. 如果我是你，我就不会帮他。（与现在） 12. If it were to rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go for the picnic. If it should rain… If it rained …如果明天下雨，我就不去野餐。（与将来） 13. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早一点来你就会遇上他了。（与过 去） 14. (How)I wish I knew the answer now, but I don’t know. 我希望我现在知道答案。（wish） 15. (How)I wish I had known the answer, but I didn’t know. 我希望我当时知道答案，但我不知道。 （wish） 16. I would rather you had finished your homework. 我宁愿你已经完成了作业。（would rather） I would rather (that) you came to see me tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来看我。 I would rather (that) you left now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。 17. If only I had been to Beijing. 要是我去过北京就好了。（if only） 18. If you had taken/followed the doctor’s advice, you would recover now. 如果你听了医生的劝告，你现在就康复了。（混用） 19. He suggested that we (should) put the meeting forward. His accent suggested that he came fro m Hubei. 他建议我们提前开会，他的口音暗示他来自湖北。（宾从中虚拟与陈述） 20. What is required at the meeting is that the night school (should)be set up by October 1. 会议上提出的要求是夜校要在10月1号前建立。 21. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 他在进球之前犹豫了一下，要不然，球就进了。 情态动词
高中英语所有语法专题大汇总 高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，老师将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。（老师以过来人的身份告诉你哦，高中是系统学习语法的最佳时机，到了大学，就主要是以背单词为主了！） 专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况
高中英语语法 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语 .宾语 .表语 .同位语 .介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 .宾语从句 .表语从句和同位语从句。一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… It appears that…似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… It is said that…据说… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 （1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 6.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will allow D. will children allow 7.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart. A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to 8.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____? A. didn't I B. didn't you C. hadn't you D. will you 9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning. A. as B. that C. than D. but 10.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.