Unit 9 What Is Happiness
Section One Pre-reading Activities
II. Cultural information
1. Quote
Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.
— Franklin Roosevelt
2. The Pursuit of Happiness
The Pursuit of Happiness is a 2006 American biographical film directed by Gabriele Muccino about the on-and-off-homeless salesman-turned stockbroker Chris Gardner. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the best-selling memoir of the same name written by Chris Gardner with Quincy Troupe. The film was released on December 15, 2006, by Columbia Pictures.
Chris Gardner is a bright and talented, but marginally employed salesman. Struggling to make ends meet, Gardner finds himself and his five-year-old son evicted from their San Francisco apartment with nowhere to go. When Gardner lands an internship at a prestigious stock brokerage firm, he and his son endure many hardships, including living in shelters, in pursuit of his dream of a better life for the two of them.
Section Two Global Reading
I Text analysis
1.What‘s the author‘s answer to the question ―What is happiness‖?
According to the author, happiness lies in the idea of becoming, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing.
2.What‘s the author‘s purpose of writing?
To attempt a definition of happiness by setting some extremes to the idea and then working in toward the middle.
II Structural analysis
Section Three Detailed Reading
Text I
What Is Happiness?
John Ciardi
(abridged)
1The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game.1Jonathan Swift seemed to think so when he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.
2It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves.2 We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.3
3And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them — and to create them faster than any man’s budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on a dedicated insatiability. We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want.
We are even told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car dealers across the country were flying banners that read "You Auto Buy Now."
They were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have, automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time the next year’s models were released.
4Or look at any of the women’s magazines. There, as Bernard DeVoto once pointed out, advertising begins as poetry in the front pages and ends as pharmacopoeia and therapy in the back pages. The poetry of the front matter is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. These, the flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever.
5Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles, the reader finds the other face of the dream in the back matter. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. These, the chin straps she must sleep in. This is the salve that restores all, this is her laxative, these are the tablets that melt away fat,
these are the hormones of perpetual youth, these are the stockings that hide varicose veins.
6Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded4 either by such poetry or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the dream as offered and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what are they trying to buy?
7The idea "happiness," to be sure, will not sit still for easy definitions: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middle.5 To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme.6To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. That holy man’s ideal of happiness is in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body.7Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. Why be concerned? What is physical is an illusion to him.
Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through a fantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.8
8But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness, as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western man. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within which all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau —a creature of both Eastern and Western thought — had his own firm sense of that balance. His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high.9
9Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high.10 What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.
10Happiness is never more than partial.11There are no pure states of mankind.
Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming.12 What the Founding Fathers declared for us as an inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the pursuit of happiness. What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing,13 which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not measured by what it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants to become.
Paragraphs 1-2
Questions
1. What does the author mean when he says ―The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates‖? (Paragraph 1)
Here the author alludes to the well-known statement in the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America: ―We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these
are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.‖ The sentence means that everyone is born with the right to pursue happiness.
2. What do the quoted expressions from Swift mean? (Paragraph 1)
Both expressions ―the possession of being well deceived‖ and ―a fool among knaves‖ are used by Swift to describe a conception of happiness, i.e., a state of being deceived. The word ―possession‖ here means ―a state o f being completely under the influence of an idea or emotion‖and in this particular expression ―the state of being deceived.‖―A fool among knaves‖ refers to
a person who is easily deceived without realizing it.
3. Why does the author say, ―It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves‖? (Paragraph 2)
Because most Americans take it for granted that pursuing happiness, or buying their way to it is in accordance with American national character.
Words and Expressions
1. pursue vt. try to achieve something
e.g. He urges all sides in the conflict to pursue peace.
We are working together to pursue a common goal.
Derivation:
pursuit n.
Collocation:
in the pursuit of
e.g. She showed steadiness and courage in the pursuit of her aims.
2. issue vt. to provide sb. with the things they need for a particular action
e.g. The police in Britain are not usually issued with guns.
Visitors are issued with identity cards to wear inside the factory.
Collocation:
issue sth. (to sb.) 将某物发给、供给或分配给某人使用
e.g. The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.
Derivation:
issue n.
Sentences
1. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. (Paragraph 1)
Explanation: It may be we are given the right of pursuing happiness but we don‘t know where it is, because maybe there is no happiness as such at all. Note ―game‖ origin ally refers to a wild animal or bird hunted for sport. Here it is a metaphor for what is being pursued, i.e. happiness. It is roughly equivalent to ―false goals‖ at the end of this paragraph.
Paraphrase:It may be that you have received the license for hunting but you don‘t have the chance to hunt.
Translation: 它可能就像：授予了你打猎的许可证却不给你提供打猎的机会。
2. It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. (Paragraph 2) Explanation: As Swift was not American, his idea of happiness with regard to ―fool s and
knaves‖ is certainly different from its American interpretation. The following two sentences tell us what the author thinks is Americans‘ idea of happiness.
Translation: 当然，要是你用斯威夫特的观点来考虑傻瓜和骗子，你就不像是美国人了。
3. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough. (Paragraph 2)
Explanation: ―Make it‖ is an informal expression that means ―succeed in moving to a certain place.‖
Translation: 当我们拥有的财产足够多的时候，我们将到达天堂。
Paragraphs 3-5
Questions
1. How is the car dealers‘ words on the banner ―You Auto Buy Now‖ related with patriotism in Paragraph 3? (Paragraph 3)
The word ―auto‖is homophonous to ―ought to,‖ so the advertisement on the banner can be read as ―You Ought to Buy Now,‖ implying that your act of purchasing a car is an act of patriotism.
2. Why does the author use the words ―poetry‖and ―dream‖to describe the advertisements in
women‘s magazines?
The author intends to tell the reader that these advertisements present a perfect yet illusionary image which would ultimately create people‘s desires. Implicitly, the author suggests that what money can buy is purely a dream of happiness.
Words and Expressions
3. deliberately ad. with a definite intention, not by chance or by accident
e.g. He deliberately left his book in her dorm so that he could have an excuse to come back and
see her again.
The anti-government groups deliberately stirred up trouble, inducing their supporters to riot. Derivation:
deliberate a.
Synonym:
intentionally, on purpose, purposely
Antonym:
accidentally
4. patriotism n. strong feelings of love, respect, and duty towards your country
e.g. The Chinese people demonstrated great patriotism in combating the earthquake that struck
Sichuan Province in May 2008.
Derivation:
patriotic a.
patriotically ad.
5. release vt.
1) to allow something to be shown in public or to be available for use
2) If a company releases a film or musical recording, it allows the film to be shown in cinemas, or makes the musical recording available for the public to buy
e.g. We have to release the news before 5 o‘clock tomorrow morning.
Paul McCartney‘s new album will be released at the end of the month. Derivation:
release n.
e.g. Her latest release is a rock ?n‘ roll version of My Way.
Collocation:
be on / in general release
press release（政府机构、政党等发布的）新闻稿
6. therapy n. a form of treatment for an illness or medical condition
e.g. The therapy involves getting the patients to tell the doctor about their early childhood.
Nowadays, occupational therapy is accepted by more and more people. Synonym:
treatment
Collocation:
undergo therapy
7. flawless a. without any mistakes, marks or bad feature
e.g. The baby was plump, his skin flawless and his eyes bright blue.
The flawless launch was watched by millions of people on television. Derivation:
flawlessly ad.
flaw n.
Synonym:
perfect
Antonym:
imperfect
8.exhale vt. / vi.breathe air out through your mouth or nose
e.g. Hold your breath for five seconds and then exhale slowly.
He exhaled smoke hurriedly to continue his urgent work.
Antonym:
inhale
Derivation:
exhalation n.
9. display vt. to give a clear demonstration of (a quality, emotion, or skill)
e.g. The new market displayed a great many goods for sale.
Derivation:
display n.
Synonym:
present, demonstrate
10. perpetual a. continuing all the time
e.g. Her husband‘s perpetual jealousy made her feel anxious.
He soon grew tired of her perpetual demands for money.
Derivation:
perpetually ad.
e.g. She perpetually wore a worried look on her face.
Synonym:
permanent, eternal
Activity: Discussion
Nowadays, people are all busy pursuing their set goals such as wealth, honor, happiness, or excitement etc. What do you pursue in your life? Discuss with your partners and try to use the following words.
pursue issue deliberately patriotism release
therapy flawless exhale display perpetual
Paragraphs 6-10
Questions
1. Why does the author need to say ―because I am Western,‖―to rture to almost any Western man‖? (Paragraph 8)
Because Western people are supposed to be quite rational and matter-of-fact. The catatonic happiness the holy man in India believes in is totally incredible and unacceptable to a Westerner.
2. How does the author differentiate the Founding Fathers‘notion of happiness from the
misconception about it? (Paragraph 10)
The author explains that the inherent right the Founding Fathers declared for us is not happiness, but the pursuit of happiness, and happiness is in the pursuit itself.
Words and Expressions
11. run out of not having any more of it
e.g. I hope we see a gas station soon — we‘re running out of fuel.
In the end she ran out of patience and started hitting him.
We air-freighted the shipment because our agent had run out of stock. 我们空运了这批货物，是因为我们的代理商已用完库存了。
12. materialistic a. believing that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life
e.g. Members of this sect have rejected modern materialistic values.
Derivation:
materialism n.
Synonym:
money-oriented, acquisitive
Antonym:
spiritual
13. devout a. (usually before a noun) very religious
e.g. His father is a devout Buddhist.
Antonym:
pious, dedicated
Derivation:
devoutly ad.
devoutness n.
14. discipline
n. the ability to control your own behavior
e.g. Their attention wandered and they lacked discipline to learn.
vt. train sb. / sth. to be obedient, self-controlled, skillful, etc.
e.g. The military schools usually discipline students strictly.
Derivation:
disciplinary a.
15. torture n. great pain that is deliberately caused to sb. esp. to punish them
e.g. Many of the prisoners died under torture.
It was torture to be ill in bed while everyone else was celebrating downstairs.
Derivation:
torture v.
e.g. He tortured himself for years with the thought that he could have stopped the boy from
running into the road.
Synonym:
agony, suffering
16. perception n. the ability to realize or notice things that are not obvious to other people
e.g. There is a perception that management only wants to cut costs.
She has extraordinary powers of perception for one so young.
Derivation:
perceive v.
e.g. Although Jane thought her father seemed anxious and uneasy, Susan did not perceive any
changes in his looks and ways.
perceptive a.
e.g. Children can be amazingly perceptive about adults‘ moods.
17. disapprove of not approve of sb. / sth.
e.g. I strongly disapprove of anyone who goes out at night and leaves their children alone.
I strongly disapprove of under-age drinking.
Derivation:
disapproval n.
disapproving a.
e.g. His sister gave him a disapproving glance and he realized he had said the wrong thing.
approve of
e.g. I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don‘t neglect your studies.
18. put sth. in; put sth. into sth. / doing sth. to spend a lot of time or effort doing something
e.g. You‘ve obviously put a lot of work in your garden.
If I put in some extra hours today, I can have some time off tomorrow.
We‘ve put a lot of time and effort into making the house look nice.
我们花了很多时间和精力把房子装饰漂亮。
19. function vi. to work or operate in the correct way
e.g. Try out the package to see if the modern functions correctly.
When the camera is functioning properly, a green light comes on.
I‘m so tired today, I can barely function.
我今天累极了，我不能工作了。
Derivation:
function n.
functional a.
e.g. At my school the classrooms were purely functional, without any decoration at all.
20. partial a. not complete; biased
e.g. This only provides a partial explanation of what happened.
The changes are due to the partial destruction of the molecule‘s structure.
Collocation:
partial towards sb. / sth.偏心，偏袒
partial to sb. / sth.偏爱
Derivation:
partiality n.
partially ad.
Synonym:
prejudiced, biased
Antonym:
impartial
21. declare vt. announce officially that sth. is true or happening
e.g. The president‘s budget message declared that the new economic program was working well. Collocation:
declare war on / against sb.
Derivation:
declaration n.
22. inherent a. being a natural part of an activity or situation and can‘t be separated from it
e.g. However, this theory does not reflect the complexities inherent in real life.
Recruits soon learn to cope with the inherent danger of police work.
inherently ad.
Synonym:
intrinsic
23. underline vt. emphasize sth. or state that it is important
e.g. In the manager‘s speech he underlined several points.
Synonym:
highlight, emphasize, stress
Antonym:
ignore
24. foresee vt. to know that sth. is going to happen before it actually happens
e.g. No one had foreseen the Great Depression of the thirties.
Derivation:
foreseeable a.
e.g. The increased demand for organic produce was not foreseeable ten years ago.
Synonym:
anticipate, forecast, foretell, forebode
25. cardinal a. very important
e.g. The cardinal spirit in this book is tolerance and love.
Synonym:
fundamental, elementary
Antonym:
secondary
Activity: Debate
Materialism is a hot topic in our society. Do you approve of or disapprove of the view that we should keep materialistic values? Have a debate and give out your own reasons. When debating, try to use the following words and phrases.
run out of materialistic discipline torture perception put sth. in cardinal function partial declare inherent underline foresee
Sentences
4. Obviously, no half-sane person can be completely persuaded … (Paragraph 6) Explanation: It is clear that such nonsense can hardly persuade a half-sane person, let alone people with clear thinking …
Translation: 显而易见，就算是个头脑不清楚的人也不会信服……
5. … the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middle. (Paragraph 7)
Explanation: With some extremes set, it is relatively easy to survey the range of the idea of ―happiness‖ and an adequate definition may lie somewhere around the middle, which is the best
Translation: 最行之有效的办法是设定此概念的两个极端，然后找出中间地段。
6. To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme. (Paragraph 7)
Explanation: To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will suitably be considered the materialistic extreme of the idea ―happiness.‖ Note here ―materialistic extreme‖ is used in opposition to ―spiritual extreme‖ in this paragraph.
Translation: 把幸福看成获取和竞争，可以算是实利主义的一个极端。
7. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body. (Paragraph 7) Translation: 他静坐修行，陷于冥冥沉思，超脱自己的肉体，或者说几乎如此。
8. Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through a fantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him. (Paragraph 7)
Translation: 冥思是他的快乐所在，他通过令人难以置信的苛刻戒律达到快乐，戒律的施行本身便是他内在的快乐。
9. His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high. (Paragraph 8) Explanation: Here ―low levels‖ refers to the levels of enjoyment near the ―materialistic extreme‖ whereas ―high (levels)‖ refers to those near the ―spiritual extreme.‖
10. The active discipline of heightening one‘s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. (Paragraph 9)
Explanation: Energetic efforts made to improve his ability to find and understand the things that essentially offer lasting joy or happiness.
Translation: 他心目中的“高层次”，则是树立积极向上的人生律条，能认识到什么是世间恒久之物。
11. Happiness is never more than partial. (Paragraph 10)
Explanation: Happiness is never complete.
Translation: 从来就没有完美的幸福。
12. … it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming. (Paragraph 10)
Explanation: …happiness is neither in what we have, nor in what we are, but in what we are becoming. It is not a state, but a process.
Translation: 幸福不在于拥有，也不在于成为，而在于追求。
13. … happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing. (Paragraph 10)
Translation: 幸福在于追求本身，在于有意义地追求我们终生为之努力的事情，并从中获得启迪。
Section Four Consolidation Activities
I . Vocabulary Analysis
1 Phrase practice
1. commercialism: the activities or attitudes of people who think that making a profit is more important than anything else; emphasis on the maximizing of profit 商业主义
e.g. Music is more than a medium of commercialism. 音乐不仅仅是一种商业媒介。
2. for that matter: it is also true that … (The phrase ―for that matter‖ is used to emphasize that sth., though mentioned second, is also true, important, or relevant as what has been mentioned earlier.) 就此而论，在这方面
e.g. Your mother would never allow it, and for that matter, neither would I. 你母亲决不会允许，
就这一点来说，我也不会允许。
For that matter she would drive herself and keep the whole event within her control. 同样，她宁愿自己开车，将整个事情置于自己的控制中。
3. face: aspect 方面
e.g. The unacceptable face of this house is that it is too expensive. 这个房子不可接受的方面是
它的价格太高了。
4. in nature: essentially 事实上，本质上
e.g. This rule is scientific in nature. 这个法则在本质上是科学的。
Governance of crisis, in nature, is the crisis of social capital. 治理危机就其本质而言，是社会资本的危机。
2 Word derivation
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
1. A deer suddenly ran across the road, with a hunting dog in hot pursuit (pursue).
2. I‘m sure many businessmen use some kind of deception (deceive) at times, to achieve their objectives.
3. The project has been a success, thanks to the dedication (dedicate) of all of our staff.
4. His first commercial (commercialism) venture was opening a small corner shop.
5. The concert ended with the singers and audience singing patriotic (patriotism) songs.
6. It was so convincing that I had to remind myself that they were fictional (fiction) characters, not real people.
7. Not many people are able to indicate their disapproval (disapprove) without causing offence.
8. The homeless and starving (starvation) refugees of the war were flocking to the cities.
1.pursue v. 追捕，追求；继续从事
pursuer n. 追赶者，追求者
pursuit n. 追求，追赶
e.g.我知道她的追求者很多。
I know she has many pursuers.
我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。
We work hard in pursuit of a happy life.
2.deceive v. 欺骗
deception n. 骗局，诡计，欺诈
deceptive a. 迷惑的，虚伪的，诈欺的
deceptiveness n. 迷惑
e.g. 他骗我买了一个假冒产品。
He deceived me into paying for the fake product.
他靠欺骗拿到了钱。
He gets the money by deception.
3.dedicate v. 献出；致力于
dedicated a. 专注的；献身的
dedication n. 奉献
e.g. 她毕生致力于教授英语。
She dedicated her life to teaching English.
我们尊敬他是因为他以无私奉献的精神廉正地为民众服务。
We respect him because he serves the public with dedication and integrity.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e32741878.html,mercial a. 商业的
commercialize v. 使商业化
commercialism n. 商业主义，营利主义
e.g. 商业电视是有效的广告宣传工具。
Commercial television is an effective medium for advertising.
教育近几年更加商业化了。
Education has become much more commercialized in recent years.
5.patriotism n. 爱国主义，爱国心
patriot n. 爱国者
patriotic a. 爱国的
e.g.我们都被他的爱国精神深深感动了。
We are all deeply moved by his patriotism.
她热爱她的祖国。
She is a patriot to her country.
6.fiction n. 虚构，杜撰；小说
fictional a. 虚构的；小说的
e.g.我喜欢读科幻小说。
I like to read science fiction.
7.disapprove v. 不赞成
disapproval n. 不赞成
disapprovingly ad.不以为然地，不赞成地
e.g.母亲不同意我们俩人的婚事。
Mother disapproved of our marriage.
他对你的建议很不以为然。
He showed disapproval of your proposal.
8.starve v. 挨饿，受饿，饿死
starvation n. 饿死，饥饿
starving a. 饥饿的
e.g. 那个可怜的老妇人被饿死了。
The poor old lady died of starvation.
我的钱不够用。
I‘m starved for money.
3 Synonym / Antonym
Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
1. And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy.
Antonym: unintentionally, accidentally
2. And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy.
Synonym: enormously, tremendously
3. These, the flawless teeth.
Synonym: perfect, spotless
4. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale.
Antonym: inhale
5. Happiness is never more than partial.
Antonym: impartial, unbiased
6. Thoreau — a creature of both Eastern and Western thought — had his own firm sense of that balance.
Antonym: imbalance
7. We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want.
Synonym: have, own
8. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free from his own body.
Synonym: fixed, stationary, quiet
4 Prefix / Suffix
Write in each space one word that has the same stem as underlined in each given word.
1. contain obtain
2. concede precede
3. compel repel
4. suspend depend
5. include conclude
6. insist consist
7. descend ascend 8. evolve revolve
II Grammar Exercises
1. Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns refer to the person who is doing the action or to whom the action affects. In that way we distinguish two types of personal pronouns: Personal ―Subject Pronouns‖and Personal ―Object Pronouns‖.
person, number, gender, and case.
Practice: Complete the sentences below with suitable pronouns.
1.__________ can‘t always get what _________ want.
2.Someone‘s at the door. Who can __________ be at this time?
3.We all ought to be more tolerant towards __________ .
4.__________ am sitting on the sofa.
5.We helped __________ to some cola at the party.
6.Michael and Henry have known __________ since 2000.
Key:
1.We / You; we / you
2.it
3.one another
4.I
5.ourselves
6.each other
2. Impersonal it vs. there
In many English sentences, you will find the word ―it‖ or the word ―there‖ in the subject position. These are usually ―impersonal‖ sentences— sentences where there is no natural subject.
Impersonal ―there‖ is used to say that something exists in a particular place:
e.g. There is a book on the table. (singular)
There are three men in the car. (plural)
Practice: Complete the following sentences with there (is / are) or it (is / was).
1.________ two birds sitting in that tree.
2.________ five miles from the station to my house.
3.Don‘t cry! ________ no reason to be sad.
4.How long did ________ take you to do your homework?
5.________ any ice cream in the fridge?
6.Somebody ate my apple! Who was ________?
7.This is crazy! ________ August, and the weather is still cold!
8.They cancelled the soccer match because ________ snowing.
Key:
1.There are
2.It‘s
3.There is
4.it
5.Is there
6.it
7.It‘s
8.it was
3. Non-finite clauses and verbless clauses
A non-finite clause is a clause with a non-finite verb phrase as predicator. A verbless clause is a clause without any form of verb element. Non-finite clauses include infinitive clauses, -ing participle clauses, and -ed participle clauses. Both non-finite clauses and verbless clauses can be used with an adverbial meaning, giving information about time, cause, condition, purpose, result, concession as well as accompanying circumstances.
e.g. When sleeping, I never hear a thing.
Once published, the book caused a remarkable stir.
He opened his lips as if to say something.
Whatever the reason, his cordiality has won him a friend.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Practice: Replace the underlined parts in the following sentences with non-finite clauses or verbless clauses.
1.Once you are over the pass, you will see the town below you.
2.I was wondering whether I should go upstairs or follow Mr. Maxim to the library.
3.It is an illness that can result in total blindness if it is left untreated.
4.Before he entered, Holmes made an examination of the room.
5.His hands, which are numb from the cold, could not stretch out properly.
6.Because I didn‘t want to go out that night, I made an excuse.
7.He left early so that he wouldn‘t miss the train.
8.James relaxed, he was pleased with his day‘s work.
Key:
1.Once over the pass
2.whether to go upstairs or to follow
3.if left untreated
4.entering
5.numb from the cold
6.Not wanting to go out that night
7.so as not to miss the train
8.pleased with his day‘s work
III. Translation exercises
1. 1935年10月，中国红军历尽艰苦和牺牲，最后终于到达了陕北。（make one‘s way to）Translation:
In October 1935, the Chinese Red Army, having endured through all hardships and sacrifices, finally made their way to the north of Shaanxi province.
Practice:
我们先到海边，再从那里乘船去法国。
We make our way to the coast and thence by sea to France.
国外金融界早就看好了这一商机，采取多种方式要进入中国保险市场。
Overseas financial circles are seizing this opportunity to make their way into China‘s insurance market through various ways.
2. 在经济危机中，政府发表了一个声明，号召人们尽可能购买当地产品。（call upon）Translation:
In the economic crisis, the government released a statement, calling upon the people to buy the local products as many as possible.
Practice:
学生会号召全体同学为受灾地区捐款。
The Student Union called upon all the students to donate money to the disaster-affected area.
我希望能籍此机会，呼吁全体艺人联合打击盗版。
I wish to use this opportunity to call upon all the artists to unite in a campaign against piracy.
3. 世界各国政治家们正在尽一切努力利用原子能，恢复人类安全的自然环境。（harness）Translation:
The statesmen in various countries are trying to harness nuclear energy and restore a safe environment for the human race.
Practice:
他们将利用太阳能为住宅供暖。
They will harness solar energy to heat homes.
只要我们知道如何驾驭这股力量，那么它将永远成为我们的仆人。
If we only knew how to harness that power, it would become our servant forever.
4．他笑着回答说：“不用谢，我做这件事不光是为了你，也是为了我自己。”（as much as）Translation:
He answered with a smile, ―Not at all. I did this as much for you as for myself.‖
Practice:
简历要有的放矢就像你的信要有的放矢一样。
Focus your resume just as much as you focus your letter.
他和你一样，也得听别人吆喝。
He‘s under the boot as much as you.
IV Exercises for integrated skills
1. Dictation
Wealth achieved through dishonest means / does not bring happiness. / Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. / Wealth left by parents / does not bring happiness. / In fact, / money alone is almost worthless. / If you have both self-esteem and money, / you may be well on the way to happiness. / However, what is still missing in both self-esteem and money / is productive work and a real contribution / towards the happiness of others. / The secret to happiness / lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. / You can fool others / but you can never fool yourself. / If you obtain wealth through luck / or dishonest means, / you will know / you did not earn it. / If you have taken advantage of / or hurt others to earn your wealth, / you will not be happy. / You will not like yourself. / You will not feel you are capable. / (135 words)
2. Cloze
Long-term happiness (1) is based on honest, productive work, contribution, and self-esteem. Happiness is not (2) an end; it is a process. It is a continuous process of honest, productive work which (3) makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel like a worthwhile person. (4) As Dr. Wayne wrote, “There is no way to happiness. Happiness(5) is the way.‖ There is no use saying ―Some day when I (6) achieve these goals, when I get this car, build this house and have this business ... then I will be really happy.‖ Life just does not work (7) that way. If you wait for certain things (8) to happen and depend on external circumstances of life to make (9) you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled. There will always be (10) something missing.
Hints:
7. When you want to refer to something that has mentioned earlier, which word will you
use?
9. Who is the main character in this essay?
10. Here you need a word indicating an object that is not exactly known or stated.
V Oral activities
1.Giving a talk
Being an abstract notion, ―happiness‖ defies easy definition. Most ordinary people, though failing to define happiness in clear terms, will not deny that they have experienced the feeling of happiness in their lives. Every one of us can recall some happy moments or events in our lives. Can you describe to your classmates at least one of such moments or events and proceed to present what happiness means to you? Hopefully, you will arrive at a definition of happiness of your own.
For reference:
1.You may use the following words or expressions in your talk:
love, pleasant, dream, goal, wealth, enjoy, family reunion, excitement, possession, blessing, beauty, sweet, satisfaction, relaxation, success, meaningful pursuit, precious, touching, obtain, good mood, satisfy desire
2.You may want to give the definition of happiness as follows:
— Happiness means one can enjoy every day with good health.
— Happiness means you have someone to love and you are loved by someone.
— Happiness lies in the joy of achievement.
3.Having a discussion
In this essay two kinds of happiness are discussed, i.e. materialistic and spiritual, such as the kind represented typically by the advertisements and by the holy man of India respectively. Now divide yourselves into two groups, each in favor of one of these two concepts of happiness, and argue for the stand you take.
Viewpoints for reference:
—In my opinion, some people focus more on the pursuit of material needs than that of spiritual needs. They think materialistic things are visible and tangible and can be seized, which will give them a sense of security. They also tend to regard the possession of wealth or material comforts as happiness. The more wealth they possess, the happier they feel.
They have many or even endless desires to satisfy and are fond of comparing their own fortune with others‘. By comparison, people with greater wealth obtain a sense of so-called happiness.
—In my opinion, some people focus more on the pursuit of spiritual needs than that of material needs. They believe spiritual needs such as meaning, goal, love, trust, hope and forgiveness can never be bought by any kind of wealth. To pursue such needs is to search for one‘s inner life and to ask ―Who am I?‖ and ―What can I be?‖ When one can answer these questions, one can feel an elusive inner peace and great satisfaction, in other words,
great happiness. The more they search for the inner self, the more happiness they will attain.
VI Writing Practice
Paragraph development — Argumentation
Discussion: Informing the reader of possible objections to our opinion about a debatable issue and then arguing against them is a strategy we often employ to develop a paragraph. To write such a paragraph, we either state our position in the topic sentence and then immediately present a major argument against us, or directly introduce the rival argument in the very first sentence. Then we may need to identify the cause of the argument before we start our attack. Attack fiercely, but also carefully and kindly. Fiercely, because our position must be clear and our criticism must be powerful. Carefully, because we need to pay serious attention to the opposing argument, study it hard and reason logically before we can find the real problems with it. In this way, we argue effectively. We also must argue kindly by acknowledging the sensible, reasonable, or even admirable part of the opposing position. In addition, do not use the first person too often in an argumentative piece. We can use the first person occasionally and employ expressions such as I personally (strongly) believe, in my opinion, I see the issue in this light, etc. However, if we want to make our argument sound really formal and powerful, avoid using the first person, for it would weaken the force of the argument.
Exercises:Write two paragraphs based on the following topic sentences. First anticipate an objection to your viewpoint and then argue against the objection.
1. As an 18-year-old, I strongly believe in expressing my own individuality rather than trying to be ―just like everybody else‖ (OR: believe in conforming to the customs and practices of our society rather than expressing my individuality).
Ideas for reference:
Everybody is born unique.
If we just grow to think like others and act like others, we will all become unsuspecting conformists.
A person who wants to be ―different‖ will learn more effectively and efficiently and finally makes a big difference.
Sample:
As an 18-year-old, I strongly believe in expressing my own individuality rather than trying to be ―just like everybody else.‖ E verybody is born unique, so am I. The idea encouraged by our parents that follow the ―rules‖ of society and truly conform to the customs and practices of society will help us learn and grow up soundly isn‘t completely true. J ust as a wise man once put it, ―the surest way to corrupt a youth is to instruct him to hold in higher esteem those who think alike than those who think differently.‖ If we just grow to think like others and hence always act like others, we will all become unsuspecting conformists. No culture would really be healthy and robust if it were made up of conformists and conformists only. What‘s more, by thinking and acting differently from the majority, we will learn even more quickly and become mature even sooner. A youth who tries to be ―just like everybody else‖ is like a student who just copies the teacher by rote. And only those who always challenge and question their teachers and textbooks have the potential to excel.
A person who wants to be ―different‖ will learn more effectively and efficiently and finally makes a big difference. Therefore, my fellow pals, be our own man or woman please. We will be proud
K e y s U n i t Vocabulary I. event 2. refill their hearts and minds with their cultural traditions 6. The reason he resigned is still unknown. 7. I remember the morning he first came to school. 8. I 'll never forget the day we first met. III. more formal f less formal: 2, 3, 1; 4, 6, 5. IV. 1. When Mrs. Brown arrived home, she found that her flat had been robbed and all her silver had been taken. Enquires were made by the police to find out possible clues. The burglar hasn 't been caught yet but he is expected to be arrested before long. 3. the American beliefs, values and loyalties 4. true demonstration of what happened 5. brief experience or idea 6. live in the way of II. 1. took pride in 2. was immersed in with 4. h ad … been exposed to 5. in his mind of 7. convey … to III. 1. fluency obtainable 5. personification promptly 8. turned 2. enrollment 3. resonating …to 3. ' s eye 4. 6. enlightenment 7. globalization 8. IV. C, B, A, C, C, D, D, C V. 1. education instruction, accessible 3. tale, story 5. begin, start, commence 7. comfort, relaxation, ease VI. 1. literature 5. quickly Grammar I. 1. why 5. where illumination 2. 6. a glimpse available, attainable, 2. joined 6. has 2. where 6. where 4. harmless, auspicious 6. tackle, face, handle 8. immigrate 3. motionless 4. more than 3. when 7. why 4. where 8. when II. 1. Sam knows where we are meeting. 2. / 3. Four o ' clock in the afternoon is the time he always reads. /Four in the afternoon is when he always reads. 4. /
卷A Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 11 minutes ) 41. Steam turbines (涡轮机) are used for the _____ of electricity. A) construction B) manufacturing C) change D) generation 正确答案： D 42 Jo hn says that his present job doesn’t provide him with enough _____ for his organizing ability. A) scope B) opening C) capacity D) range 正确答案： A 43. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think is best to _____. A) engage B) devote C) seek D) pursue 正确答案： D 44. One foolish mistake can _____ you in a good deal of trouble. A) release B) involve C) evolve D) empower 正确答案： B 45. The doctor suggested __________ my diet with vitamins E and A. A) supplement B) supplementing C) add D) adding 正确答案： B 46. ____________, this essay is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes. Which one of the following choices is NOT appropriate to fill in the blank? A) On balance B) Generally C) Generally speaking D) In balance 正确答案： D 47. Up the chimney roared the fire, and ______ the room with its broad blaze. A) brightened B) lingered C) furnished D) fused 正确答案： A 48. Now the cheers and applause _____ in a single sustained roar. A) mingled B) concentrated C) assembled D) permeated 正确答案： A
综合教程翻译答案 Unit1 1.听到她屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过（distress） It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failure. 2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子（assume） He assured an air for cheerfulness,even though he lost favor with his boss. 3.格列佛（Gulliver）经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物（assortment）Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people. 4.如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你气的（furious） He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake. 5.我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引（draw）We were all greatly drawn by his frank views,humorous words and genial manner. 6.等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲（die down）After cheers and applause died down,the Nobel Prize Winner began his speech.
7.他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流（run with the crowd） He is gifted with a sore of insight and foresight,so he rarely runs with the crowd. 8.我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活（live up to） I feel realities are after all very harsh,so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals. Unit2 1.我的顶头上司是典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10小时以上（workaholic） My immediate boss is a typical workaholic,for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round. 2.校长十分注重课外活动，他认为课外活动有助于培养学生对外部世界的浓厚兴趣（extracurricular） The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students'tremendous interest in the external world. 3.星期一早上，他总是快速冲个澡，胡乱吃块三明治，拦辆出租车去上班（grab）He always grabs a shower,a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work
Unit One People Around Us Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) crease 2) hint 3) assured 4) awaiting 5) hovering 6) scrawled 7) glistening 8) frail 9) sole 10) visible 11) engaged 12) biased 13) dreading 14) grinning 2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) for fear of 2) pulled up 3) except for 4) get by 5) make a living 6) every so often 7) in the background 8) Shut off 9) each and every 10) as it is 11) wraps … around her little finger 12) caught us …unawares ▆Increasing Y our Word Power 1.Choose the definition from Column B that best matches each phrasal verb in Column A, paying attention to the V+ Prep./Ad. collocation.
新世纪大学英语系列教程第2版课后题答案-综合教程 新世纪大学英语系列教程第2版综合教程课后题答案 Unit One Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions
1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: bunch 1)amazed 2)shift 3)bundle 4)drop 5)capacity 6)participating 7)style 8)commerce 9)rob 10)symbol 11)appreciated 12)displayed 13)slip 14)conquer 15)roast 16)figured 17) 2.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
Le?on 9 E xercices de grammaire (participe passé) I. Faites les phrases suivantes en rempla?ant les verbes soulignés par des participes ( présent ou passé ). 1.Ambroise est un enfant aimant beaucoup le football. 2.Une fois arrivé là-haut, je m’arrêterai pour boire. 3.Mon ami ne venant pas, je sors. 4.Ayant réglé le prix de sa pension, il part. 5.N’aimant que le théatre, je ne vais que rarement au cinéma. 6.Lui étant parti, tout est devenu triste. 7.Plus travaillée, cette terre produirait beaucoup. 8.Sa pension payée, Jean peut s’en aller. 9.Prenant un autre chemin, vous arriveriez plus vite. 10.Son travail terminé, il ira dormir. II. Mettez les infinitifs au participe présent ou au participe passé. 1.intéressant https://www.doczj.com/doc/e32741878.html,pris 3.br?lée 4.sachant 5.gêné, pensant 6.s’asseyant/assis 7.se levant, se couchant 8.vaincue 9.venu, pris, couché 10.approchant E xercices de grammaire (dont) I. Mettez ? dont ?ou ? que ? : 1.dont 2.que 3.que 4.dont 5.dont 6.que 7.que 8.dont 9.dont 10.que II. Complétez les phrases suivantes par ?ce qui ?, ?ce que ? ou ?ce dont ? : 1.ce qui 2.ce dont 3.ce qui 4.ce que 5.ce dont 6.ce qui 7.ce dont 8.ce qui 9.ce que 10.ce dont III. C omplétez la phrase par une proposition relative introduite par ? dont ?avec les éléments indiqués : 1.J’habite avec une amie dont la tante travaille à Air-France.
Ｃhinese Ｔranｓlations oｆTexts A （Units 1－8) 参考译文 第一单元 学习方式 课文Ａ 哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行，阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。 中国式的学习风格 霍华德·加德纳 １9８7年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月,同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中蓁教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂,而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员,也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小,你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成,因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎,任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙的槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁,都会走过来看着本杰明,见他初试失败,便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握紧本杰明的手,直接将它引向钥匙的槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑,似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育(尤其是艺术教育)的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式 我的中国同行,除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。”既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是处理槽口一事的最终目的,既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作,让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事,进而去学做更复杂的事,如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该)示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道,首先,我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心,而且在探索,这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中,我们试图让本杰明懂得,一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是
U5 1.培养正确的感情是极其必要的，因为它可以为一个人将来学习和工作的成功奠定基础。 Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that it lays the foundations for the success of one’s future work and studies. 2.中国西部发展急需人才，政府为此制定了优惠政策，号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。West China is crying out for talented people for its development .To this end，the government has laid down favorable policies，calling for more college graduates to go and work there. 3.你怎么可以在我这样艰难的时候对我置之不理呢？我们患难与共差不多半个世纪了。How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century. 4.网虫们很多时间都泡在网上，以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。 Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world. 5.生活在城市的人常常会有这样的幻想：乡村生活是闲适安逸的。其实不一定是这回事儿。Urban residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case. 6.远程学习是个全球化的趋势。随着它的迅速发展，人们无论身处何地都能有同样方便的途径享受教育资源。 Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth，people are given an equally convenient access to educational resources，no matter where they are. U6 1.我们中国人会再三地请客人多吃饭桌上的菜，以表明我们好客。 As a proof of our hospitality，we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to
Appendix I Key to Exercises (Units 1-8) Unit 1 Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: The song you are about to hear is all about taking a break from city life, escaping from the crowds, rinding a quiet place, far from trie human race. For those of us who live in cities, getting out in the country can provide a welcome break, letting us recharge our batteries. Out in the country, as the song says, we can find a place to stand alone and take tack somethin' worth remembering. The countryside also promises escape from the pollution of the city, somewhere to get some decent air to breathe. The countryside also offers somewhere where the sun is not hidden by smog, making it seem no more than a bright spot in the nighttime. So, just remember, as the song advises, whenever you need a bit or room to move When life b ecomes too fast
Unit 1 Passage A (p12) 学无止境 终考的最后一天，东部一所的大学里，一群大四的工科生聚集在一幢教学楼的台阶上，谈论着即刻就要开始的考试。他们脸上都充满自信。在参加即将到来的毕业典礼和从事未来的工作前，这是他们最后一门考试。 他们有的谈起了已经找到的工作，有的则谈论着要找的工作。4年的大学学习给了他们全部的自信，使他们觉得自己足以征服世界。 眼前这场考试，不过是小事一桩。这门课的教授已经说过，除考场上不能交头接耳外，允许他们带任何书或笔记到考场。考生们依次进入考场，心情轻松而愉快。当教授把考卷发给在座的考生后，学生们脸上的笑容更加灿烂，因为考卷上只有五道论述题。 3个小时过去了，教授开始收回考卷。考生们的脸上充满惊慌的表情，自信已经荡然无存。当教授收完考卷，看着全班学生时，所有的人都沉默不语。 她扫视着一张张焦虑的脸问道：“5道题答完的有多少？” 没人举手。 “答完4道的有多少？” 还是没有人举手。 “完成3道题的？2道题的？” 考生们有些坐不住了，不安地动了动。 “那么，有没有写完一道题的？我想总有人做完一道题吧！” 考场里还是一片寂静。教授放下手中的考卷，说：“果真不出我所料。” “我只是想让你们牢牢记住，即使你们已经学完了4年工科课程，在这个领域里，你们还有很多东西不懂。在你们今后的日常工作中，类似于今天考卷上你们无法回答的问题很常见。”接着，她微笑着补充说：“你
们都会通过考试，但是请记住，即使你们现在已经毕业了，你们的学习才刚刚开始。” 多年后，这位老师的姓名已经被淡忘，但她的教诲却深深地刻在记忆中。 Read and translate 1. →译文：He has no longer written to his friends ever since he got a mobile phone. 2.→译文：Even though he is very busy, he spends at least two hours every day surfing the Internet, aiming to know about the latest development in this area / field. 3. →译文：Professor Li made a short speech at the commencement, his words of which were deeply impressed upon my memory. 4. →译文：Talking of the final exams the students were not nervous at all. On their faces was confidence. 5.→译文：To write a short passage of about 100 words within 30 minutes would be a snap to most students in their class. Passage B (P17) 时光如能倒流 四年的学习生涯结束，毕业的那一刻终于到来。不到两个星期我就要毕业了。回首往昔，竟不敢相信时间就这样匆匆逝去。我依然记得第一天去上课时的情景，我一边望着课表背面的地图，一边询问教学楼在哪儿。现在我已是即将毕业的老生，用羡慕的眼光看待大一新生。我每天都祈愿时间会凝滞，让接下来的两周过得更慢一些。许多人迫不及待地等待毕业，我却与他们恰恰相反。我希望时间倒流，让我将大学生活的每一天重新来过。 对我来说，大学生活是非常重要的学习经历，绝大多数学习过程都是在课外学到的。大学第二年对我来说也许是生命中最精彩的一年。正是这一年，我终于让妈妈确信我住校没有问题，她同意了我住校。也正是这一年，我结交了一些终身好友。经历了许多成功与失败使我对自己有了更深的了解。大二生活使我体验了许多新的事物：山地宿营，在报纸上发表一些拙陋的诗歌，在课堂上给老师画漫画。 漫步在熟悉的校园路上，我陷入了深深的反思和对往昔的回忆之中。我多希望能够重头来过，再次扑捉大学生活的快乐和兴奋。一想到就要毕业我的心就惶惶恐恐。从记事起我就一直在读书，我感到还有许多东西想学，可我不得不离开学校毕业了。世界如此之大，可能发生的事情又如此之多。过去的四年我一直
1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker.(我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而感到自豪） 2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!”(奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼;天哪，我们要赶不上火车了！) 3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances?(我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问；在这种情况下，年轻的父母是得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？） 4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. （昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣 的小女孩。） 5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 1)In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. （无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。） 2)I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. （我 把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人） 3)We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. （我们带父母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但是一切都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病) 4)Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one’s affection. 5)In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 6)Love needs to be nurtured, and the “eternal / everlasting love”that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other. 1)The gasoline price is now at an all-time high, which has brought about wide public concern. (当下汽油价格达到历史新高，这引发了公众的广泛关注） 2)He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a report on Japanese cooking culture. （他发现鱼和米方是日本人的饮食特色，随即开始就日本饮食文化撰写一份报道） 3)The spectators expected me to come in first but they were in for a shock. With a tumble, my chances for a gold medal in figure skating evaporated. （观众们以为我会轻而昐举名列第一名，哪知我使他们大吃一惊。因为跌倒，我获得花样滑冰金牌的希望就化为了泡影） 4)He was a beggar but he didn’t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing glasses and a brand-new suit.
Unit One Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1)bunch 2)amazed 3)shift 4)bundle 5)drop 6)capacity 7)participating 8)style 9)commerce 10)rob 11)symbol 12)appreciated 13)displayed 14)slip 15)conquer 16)roast 17)figured 2.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1)in rich contrast to 2)are exposed to
Key to Exercises Opener Going on a working holiday has many advantages: ? A working holiday visa grants you access to a country for a longer period of time than a standard tourist visa. ? The travel is sustainable in the sense that you can keep refilling your travel funds with employment. ? You can try different types of jobs, even the ones that you normally wouldn’t do when at home. And in this sense, a working holiday could be a life-changing experience. ? You are more likely to meet and make friends with the locals, not just other tourists. They can introduce you to a new culture. ? A working holiday makes a good break. A popular time to sign up for a working holiday is the break between high school and college or the break after college and before entering the real working world. Transcript: A working holiday is when you spend a significant amount of time in another country and have the working rights to back it up. You are able to pick up a job or two (or 6) and break that arrangement up by traveling or moving on to a new location in the country. In general, a working holiday visa grants you access to a country for a longer period of time than a standard tourist visa. In Australia, for example, the typical tourist visa is for 3 months while a working holiday visa is for 12 months. With a working holiday visa, you can work as you go, meaning you won’t necessarily go into debt while spending time abroad. Your method of travel may vary. Some prefer to travel up-front for several months and then spend the rest of the time working in one or two different locations. Others prefer to work for a month, travel for a month and then work for a month again. Either way, the travel is sustainable in the sense that you can keep refilling your travel funds with employment. With a working holiday visa, you are basically given the opportunity to test out any type of job, and you are probably put in a position to accept ones that you normally wouldn’t when at home. You never know what you might discover. A working holiday, in this sense, could end up
Unit 1 A Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. Finally, with my mother red in the face and short of breath, we find Room 8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in.（?介词with 表示状态，不必直译。） 等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，上气不接下气。我打开门锁，我们都走了进去。 2. She impresses me, and I feel so ignorant that I shouldn’t even breathe the same air as her. 她给我留下了深刻的印象，我觉得自己太无知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。 3. I don’t know why I have to be introduced to literature but the woman in the admissions office says it’s a requirement even though I’ve read Dostoyevsky and Melville and that’s admirable for someone without a high school education.（?翻译时将be introduced to literature 变成主动语态更通顺。）我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。可是招生办公室的那位女士说这门课是必修课，即使我读过陀思妥也夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说也得选，一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人敬佩，但这门课是必修课。 4. I’m in heaven and t he first thing to do is buy the required textbooks, cover them with the purple and white NYU book jackets so that people in the subway will look at me admiringly.（? I am in heaven 不能直译成“我上了天堂”，这句话应意译。） 我乐得飘飘然了，第一件事就是去买所需要的课本，然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来，这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。 5. Then the professor tells us ideas don’t drop fully formed from the skies, that the Pilgrims were, in the long run, children of the Reformation with an accompanying world view and their attitudes to children were so informed.（?注意两个children 的翻译，第一个需意译。） 接着，教授告诉我们，观念并不是从天而降的现成品。从长远看，清教徒是宗教改革运动的产物，他们继承了宗教改革运动的世界观，并且他们对孩子的态度体现了宗教改革运动的思想。 B Translate the sentences into English. 1 他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for) Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it. 2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(Work full-time)