主谓一致在句子中谓语动词必须在人称和数等方面与主语保持一致
考点点击
谓语动词用单数谓语动词用复数谓语动词既可以用单数又可以用复数谓语动词就近原则
考点一谓语动词用单数
1 在一般现在时中，主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用单数。
My father has lunch in the factory every day
There is a box of apples on the floor
This pair of shoes costs much
2 一个人兼有两种身份，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and writer is very famous
3 两件配对的东西作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A knife and fork has been put on the table.
Fish and chips is very popular in Australia.
4 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Everything is ready .
There is something wrong with his bike .
Is anybody going to see the film ?
5 主语时单数，后接as well as ,together with ,like except ,but ,among with 等词或组时，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher as well as the students likes this book .
M r Li together with the students , is planting trees.
No one except you and me knows it.
6 each / every / no +单数名词或短语作主语时谓语动词用单数
In our country , every boy and every girl has the right to get education .
No teacher and no student is allowed to break the school rules .
7 more than one ,many a 短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
More than one question was asked at the meeting .
Many a student is standing in the teacher’s office .
8all 作主语指代物，谓语动词用单数
All that can be done has been done.
9 时间、金钱、距离、度量等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Five times four is twenty .
Eight thousand dollars is more than he can afford.
10可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The news is very exciting
Maths is not so interesting .
11the number of ….和the number of ….作主语时，谓语动词用单数；但分数+the population of….作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The number of the students in our class is 50.
Two thirds of the population in China are farmers.
考点二谓语动词用复数
1 and 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
Both my sister and I are good at singing .
2某些常以复数形式出现的名词，如：clothes ,trousers glasses ,stairs ,shorts ,scissors ,socks ,stockings等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The trousers on the bed are mine
3表示总称意义的名词如：people ,public ,police 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are looking for the missing child.
4“the +形容词/分词”作主语指代一类人，谓语动词用复数。
The old need to be taken good care of
5 表示复数概念的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，常见的有both ,few ,a few ,many ,several 等。
Both are correct.
A few girls are standing under the tree
6 “the +姓氏的复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数。
The Greens are watching TV
考点三谓语动可用单数可用复数
1 “分数+名词”和“百分数+名词”短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与后面的名词保持一致。
60 percent of the students in our class are girls.
Three fourths of the earth is covered by sea.
2“a lot of /lots of /some of all of /half of /the rest of +名词或者短语’’作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of 后面名词或者名词短语保持一致。
Most of the boys in our class like football.
Most of his time is spent in playing football.
3集体名词，如family ,team ,group ,class等作主语时，强调集体，谓语动词用单数；强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
Class Three has a TV.
Class Three are having a meeting .
4代词none 作主语时，谓语可根据说话人的意思用单数还是复数。谓语用单用复都可以，一般建议用单数
None of them is a Party member = None of them are Party members.
考点四谓语动词取就近原则
1There be 句型中的谓语动词取就近原则。
There is a table and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and a table in the room.
2not only ….but also ….,neither… nor ..,either ….or….,whether….or….等连接的主语，谓语动词取就近原则。
Not only the students but also the teacher speaks highly of him.
Neither my father nor I cook at home
Either mother or father cooks at home .
名题解读
1The united states___ one of the most developed countries in the world.
A is
B are
C was
D were
2 Swimming in the poor with the children _____ very interesting
A has
B have
C is
D are
3 Ten kilometers _____ way
A is quite a long
B are quite long
C is a quite long
D a quite a long
4 There ___ no milk in the fridge .Could you get some for me ?
All right, mum.
A is
B are
C was
D were
5 ____ of us has an English—Chinese dictionary
A Every
B Both
C Each
D All
6 How much _____ the shoes ? Five dollars ____ enough
A is, is
B is ,are
C are, are
D are ,is
7 Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China .
A are studying
B have studied
C studies
D study
8 Li Ming’ family _____ a large one .Now the whole family ____ watching TV.
A is, is
B are ,are
C are ,is
D is ,are
9 Not only Jim but also his sister ___ a few cities in the south since they came to China .
A will visit
B has visited
C have visited
D visited
10 Either the students or the teacher _____ her very much .
A know
B to know
C knows
D knowing
实战演练
1 He doesn’t tell when he _____. I’ll telephone you as soon as he _______ .
A will com, comes
B will come ,will come
C comes ,will come
D comes, come
2 One of the girls in our class _____ to school by boat every day .
A come
B comes
C came
D is coming
3 It rained heavily this morning ,but ____ of my classmates were away from school.
A neither
B none
C all
D both
4 _____ of the workers in this factory is about 200, ____ of them are women workers .
A The number of, first third
B The number , two third
C A number ,half
D The number , three quarters
5 I didn’t see much during the flight because there _____ cloud.
A is too much
B was much too
C were much to
D was too much
6 There are some ____ on the ground .
A leafs
B leaf
C water
D leaves
7 I tried several jackets on , but _____ of them looked good.
A both
B either
C none
D neither
主语与谓语动词的一致 江苏沛县湖西中学鹿俊先 221611 英语谓语动词的形式必须随其主语的人称及数的不同而变化，这就叫作主语与谓语动词的一致，简称主谓一致。 在现代英语中除动词be有不同的人称形式(am, is, are, was, were)以及动词have有特殊的单数第三人称现在式形式(has)外，其余的动词只有单数第三人称现在式形式加-s / -es，其他形式则无区别。因此对于学习者而言，主谓一致问题主要是注意单数第三人称现在式动词形式加-s / -es的问题。处理主谓一致问题可依照不同的原则，即从不同的角度着眼。以下对这些原则及容易产生困惑之处加以分析、归纳。 1．语法一致，即主语为单数，就使用单数形式的动词，主语为复数，就使用复数形式的动词。 1．1．单数及复数名词的辨别。 某些名词单数词尾，却用作复数，如：people (人们), police, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。 People have the right to defend themselves. The police are investigating the murder of a six-year-old girl. The poultry have been fed. 某些名词复数词尾，却常用作单数，如：news, mathematics / maths, physics, politics等。
Mathematics / Maths（数学学科）is the science of pure quantity. (Her mathematics / maths（数学能力）are / is rather shaky.) The news is favourable this morning. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是单数词尾，如：fish, sheep, deer, craft, Chinese, Swiss等。 In summer the red dear has a reddishbrown coat. A baby deer is able to stand up as soon as it is born. Baby deer are able to stand up as soon as they are born. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是复数词尾，如：means (=way), works (=factory), crossroads, series, species, barracks, headquarters 等。 All means have been tried. Every means has been tried. 1．2．避免主语的同位语及其它修饰语语义上的干扰。 容易产生干扰的同位语：each, one of…, like …, such as…, including…, especially…, particularly…, for example,…等。 Some rubbish, such as / like food and paper, rots away over a period of time. Practical lessons, such as / like woodwork, are not considered to be as important as maths. We each have a different point of view. (each作同位语)
谓语动词单复数用法: 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
?主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。 ?主谓一致原则: 1、语法上的一致 所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。 谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。 We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。 使用语法一致的情况 （1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。 My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。 注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。 No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。 （2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如：
with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to， 谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。 The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。 E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。 Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。 All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。 （3）非谓语动词或从句作主语 非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。 When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。 Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。 To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。 When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。 注意：当what引导主语从句或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。 What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。
谓语动词和非谓语动词及各种句型的判断 一．意义 谓语动词和非谓语动词在高中英语教和学中具有重要意义，主要表现在写作，语法填空和阅读长难句判断中。 例如：典型例子：1.There are many people stand at the gate. Standing 的误用 2.After luckily _______(succeed) in the national college entrance examination, I realized my dream again. 3.He has two children, both of ________ are doctors. 4. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____46___(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____47___(ride). 5. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them looked very anxious and ___43__(disappoint) 6. Maybe you leave a habit __67__ is driving your family crazy. 英语句子的标志：首字母大写，和结尾用句号。T here is a purse on the ground. P rofessor Mayer, recognized by many as a leading expert in the study of changes to people's EQs, recently announced the results of a study on school students. M iss Mary teaches us English. （teaches 动词作谓语） M r.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. a，在一个句子中，若只有一个动词，则此动词一定为谓语，若有两个及两个以上动词，就会出现两种情况：1. 两动词都是谓语动词形式，此时两个谓语动词之间必有连词，或并列连词，或从属连词；2. 两动词中必有非谓语，此时两动词之间没有连词。 例如： The novel written by him is very popular. The novel which was written by him is very popular. There is a purse that is lying on the ground. There is a purse lying on the ground. Our coming made him happy. 因此，判断一个句子中谓语与非谓语，带连词与不带连词的方法是：先找句子中的动词，根据连词判断所找到的动词是谓语还是非谓语；或者根据所找的动词的谓语非谓语动词形式判断需要或不需要用连词. 总之，一般句子只要有两个及以上谓语动词形式，必然有连词。反之亦然，只要有连词连接两个动词，必然有谓语动词。 理解这一点对于理解下列句子很有帮助： He has two children, both of __whom__ are doctors. =He has two children, and both of __them__ are doctors. =He has two children, both of __them_ doctors. Our coming made him happy. (简单句。句中两个动词，come和make，谓语动词为make，没有连词连接make和come，所以come用非谓语动词形式) =We had come and that made him happy.（make和come都用了谓语动词形式，有连词and，并列句）
暑假专题：谓语动词的人称变化——主谓一致 英文中主语和谓语必须在人称、数量方面保持一致，这就是主谓一致。当句子的主语涉及到不同的人称时，谓语动词的第一动词要与主语的人称和单复数保持一致。主谓一致的关键是判断主语是单数还是复数。 例：I raise my arm.我抬起我的手臂。 He raises his arm.他抬起他的手臂。 1. 主谓一致主要体现在主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要变成相应的单数形式。动词第三人称单数的变化规则与名词单数变复数相同。 例：He buys a new bicycle.他买了一辆新的自行车。 They buy a new bicycle. 他们买了一辆新的自行车。 2. 谓语和主语的单复数一致，实际上只反映在第一个动词之上。 例：He has seen her in the garden.他在花园中见到了他。 I have seen her in the garden. 我在花园中见到了他。 规则总结
【典型例题】 1. No one except two students ______ the meeting. A. has been late for B. have been late for C. was late for D. were late for 2. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition. A. am going B. is going C. are going D. was going 3. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job. A. are B. were C. is D. was 4. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______. A. have arrived B. are arriving C. had arrived D. has arrived 5. A number of cars ______ in front of the park A. is parked B. was parked C. are parked D. has parked ［参考答案］1~5 CCCDC
主谓一致 主谓一致指句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数等方面应保持一致。英语中主谓一致的具体应用比较复杂，高考试卷中主谓一致的基本情况可以以下述三条原则为主线进行系统地把握。 （一）主谓一致的原则一：语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即通常情况下，谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定，主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。 例如：He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。 1.可以通过下面的主谓一致一般搭配总表把握语法一致原则： 一般现在时中实义动词作谓语 第一人称单数 I am was do have shall should动词原形 第一人称复数 We are were do have shall should动词原形 第二人称单或复数 you are were do have will would动词原形 第三人称单数 He, she, it, 单数名词 is was does has will would动词原形+-s词尾 第三人称复数 they及复数名词 are were do have will would动词原形 2.掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则，要注意两个特殊问题： (1)主语前、后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响，尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时，谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。 例如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加了晚会 A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女跟同玛丽正向医院走来。 Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外，没人知道这件事。 (2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志)，谓语动词需用单数形式。 例如：What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。 A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。 Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。 注意：对于由and连接的并列主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如：Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。 Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。 No teacher and no student is admitted. 师生一律不得入内。 （二）主谓一致的原则二：意义一致原则
谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 首先你要明白在一个英语的单句中只有一个谓语，那么你就要学会怎样划分英语句子中的结构。 先说下什么是单句，单句就是只有一个完整句子结构（句号才是整个句子结束的标志）的句子，没有连词和引导词（像and，what，where，这些的词都没有）。具体的单句结构（五个）就不用我说吧。 eg： ①I love my mother.就是一个单句。 ②English is my best subject which i like.这就是一个复合句（which引导的限制性定语从句），在主语中，english是主语，is是系动词，my best subject 是表语。在从句中（引导词后边的是从句），which作宾语指代subject（subject 是从句的先行词），I作主语，like在这里是行为动词（vt.）作谓语。 给你一个划分简单句结构的例子： eg：I like playing basketball. 这个句子中，I是主语，like是谓语，playing basketball是动名词做宾语，在宾语中playing是非谓语动词，因为我刚刚说过了，一个单句中只有一个谓语，所以like做了谓语，playing就一定是非谓语动词了。
现在和你说下最简单的分辨谓语和非谓语的方法：划分句子的结构。 每个句子首先找到主语，然后是谓语，谓语一般都会和主语靠近（有特殊的情况），那么除去谓语之外的其他动词，都是非谓语动词了。 谓语动词：有以下几种分类 ①行为动词：行为动词又可分为及物（vt.）与不及物（vi.） 那么vi.和vt.的区别可以通过造句的方式来确定。 及物动词：可直接接宾语。(如果不接宾语，那么句意会不完整） 不及物动词：不可以直接接宾语，需借用介词。 eg： I go to school by bus.（go不及物动词，但是和home连接时为go home）He drinks water.（drink是及物动词，中文翻译为他喝水，如果没有宾语water，就成了他喝，那他喝什么呢？句意就不完整了。） ②系动词：be动词（is，am，are，were，was）表主语状态，感官动词（hear，look，listen，tast，sound，appear，seem等），持续性动词（keep，stay，lie，remind等），变化动词（become，go，get，turn等）... ③情态动词：could，should，can，must，may等。
语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况： 1. and连接两个或两个以上词作主语的时候, 几种情况： (1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。 如： He and I are both students of this school. (2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 The knife and fork is on the table. (Fish and chips, whisky and soda) The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance. (3) each, every, no Every boy and every girl has their own strengths and shortcomings. 1. 集体名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。 His family is going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family are all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。 2. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 3. 注意那些单复同形的词 Deer, sheep, fish, goldfish Means, works, species, series His latest works was considered a joke. His works include plays and poems 4. 用复数 Savings, belongings, earnings, surroundings Arms, ashes, contents, compasses, remains, scales, Suburbs, outskirts Scissors, clothes, trousers, glasses, stockings Wages, riches Sales 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The pair of shoes is worn out. The shoes are worn out.
主语和谓语的一致 1. 主语和谓语的一致关系： 谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致： Her dreams_have_come true. Her dream_has_come true. She often arrives_at_school late. They often arrive_at_school late. It is getting dark. Eggs are gett ing scarcer. 1 a m gett ing bored. 2. 确定主语单复数的三个原则： 2 -1.语法上一致的原则： The boy_plays_football well. The boys_play_football well. It_is_bitterly cold. I_am_ very cold. 2 -2.概念上一致的原则： My family_are_all_early risers.（指家中的全体成员,有复数含义）His family_has_moved_into the new house.（指整个家, 用作单数）Five_minutes_is_enough.（一个时间段,看作单数） The_crew_are_waiting for instructions from the captain.（指全体船员， 复数） 2 -3.邻近词一致的原则： Neither he no r_they_are_wholly right.
Neither Tomnor the_ Brow ns enjo y_ their journey to Beiji ng owi ng to the bad weather. Either your key or my key _i s_miss ing. Not only but_also_their_teacher_has_participated in the party. He or l_am_in the wrong. -what 'worth visiting there? -well, there 'the park, the castle and the museum. 3. 主谓一致的具体原则： 3 -1.根据语法一致的原则确定谓语形式： 单数主语+单数谓语；复数主语+复数谓语 The_teacher_e ncourages_the stude nts to speak freely. My_wages_are low, but me taxes_are_high. Their_house_has _nine room. It_always_pays_to_ give your paper one final check. 在主语+系词+表语结构”中，系动词要与主语的数保持一致，不受其表语的影响. Their greatest con cern_is_the_childre n. The most appreciated gift was the clothes_that_you sent us. What we n eed most is_books._ Paul _is_friends_with bill. 在单数名词(主语)+(together)with+ 名词”结构中谓语只与主语保持一致, 这是因为上述短语只起修饰主语的作用，而非主语的一部分. 短语： Along with, as well as, in additi on to, accompa nied by, rather tha n, as much as, no less tha n, in clud ing, besides, except, but, like. The_factory_with all its equipme nt has bee n bur nt. You as well as I are wrong.
【精品】非谓语动词总结以及易错点 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Tom made a small cage _____ the little injured bird till it could fly. A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词不定式。句意：Tom为了养这只受伤的小鸟做了一个漂亮的笼子，直到它会飞。此题根据句意和句型结构推知此处keep应该表示目的；在英语中，表示目的的动词应该使用动词不定式即to do sth。故选D。 2． He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A．to act B． to have acted C． acting D．having acted 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句型“有人认为..已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构可转化为sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。如： It is reported that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. The news reports that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. Cheng Yifei is reported to have died several days ago. 因此B选项正确。 句意为“ 有人认为他已做了一件傻事。现在应怪他自己丢掉这份工作。” 考点：考查动词非谓语形式。 3．(天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A．being allowed B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed表示被动且正在进行；C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生；D. allowed表示被动且完成，故选B。 【点睛】 判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。
第四讲谓语的主谓一致 【语法讲解】 “一致”指句子成分之间要在人称、数、性等方面保持的协调关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语和谓语动词之间的数的一致。 1. 基本原则： 在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。三个原则中，以语法一致为主，意义一致次之，就近一致再次之。 1.1语法一致原则指的是一般情况下，主语和谓语动词要在语法上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，动词也采取单数形式；主语为复数形式，动词也采取复数形式，这种一致关系叫做语法一致。例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是一个好学生。（一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数时，be动词采用is的形式） Tom and Mary are good friends. （一般现在时中主语为第三人称复数时，be动词采用are的形式） 英语中遵循语法一致原则的具体情况包括： 1）动词不定式、动名词、从句做主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。例如： Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。（主语为动名词talking） To make a plan for our future is important. 为我们的将来制定计划很重要。（主语为不定式短语to make a plan for our future） When they will move to Beijing has not been decided yet.他们什么时候搬到北京去还没有决定。（主语为主语从句when they will move to Beijing） 2） a portion of, a series of, a kind of 等词语修饰主语时，of后面既可以接单数名词，也可以接复数名词，但谓语动词采用单数形式。例如： A kind of special tools is needed. 需要一种特殊的工具。 A series of white arrows has been painted on the road. 马路上画有一连串白色箭头。 A portion of land has been cultivated. 已经耕种了一部分土地。 【特别提醒】a variety of, a number of ＋名词复数作主语时，谓语动词采用复数形式。 A variety of ways______________ in solving the problem. 为了解决这一问题已经尝试了很多种方法。 A large number of people _________________________.很多人在那家公司工作。 3）everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, each, one of, either, neither, every用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。例如： Someone _____________(bing)t the book here.有人把书带到这儿来。 _________________, tell him I’ll be back in a minute.如果有人打电话，告诉他我马上回来。 One of the students______(be) absent today. 有一个学生今天没来。 I invited both of them but neither ____________(come) yet. 我邀请了他们两个人，但现在一个也没到。The two guests have arrived and either__________(be)welcome.两个客人都到了，而且都受欢迎。 【特别提醒】none的用法相当于名词，指不可数名词时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式；指可数名词复数时，后面的谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。 None of the money ____(be) yours. None of his friends_________(come) to see him. 4) both, few, many, several等代词用作主语或修饰可数名词复数的主语时，谓语动词采用复数形式。例如： Both her fingers ______________.她的两个手指都断了。 Few of my friends_______(be)there .我的朋友几乎没有人在那里。
当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为be，常省略从句的主语和be 动词. 省略的条件: (1)从句中被省略的主语必须与主句的主语一致,或者是it；(2)谓语动词必须含有be；(3)从句必须与主语和be动词一起省去，不可只省略主语而保留整个谓语，也不可只保留主语而省略谓语。 1. 由when/while/as/once/whenever/as soon as引导的时间状语从句 例：Please come here as soon as（it is）possible. While （I was——walking in the rain, I heard my name called. 我在雨中漫步时，听到有人叫我的名字。 由if/unless引导的条件状语从句例：She won’t come to party unless（she is）invited.由though/although/even if/even though引导的让步状语从句 例：He is very good at painting, though（he is）very young. T hough（he was）exhausted, he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。由because引导的原因状语从句 例：He was praised because （he was）brave. 5. 由wherever/where引导的地点状语从句 例：Fill in the blanks with articles where（it is）necessary. 从句和主句中相同或大体相同部分都可以省略 例：The sooner, the better. 越早越好。 She is as tall as I. 她和我一样高。 由as if/as though/as 引导的方式状语从句 例：The boy looked as if（he was）afraid of nothing. I wonder why he didn’t do as（he was）told to. 比较状语从句省略相同的部分： 例：She likes reading better than (she likes) going to parties. He has lived here longer than I (has lived). In winter it is colder in Beijing than（it is）in Guangzhou.
动词的形式-----谓语动词和非谓语动词 突破点（一）--如何确定非谓语动词还是谓语动词 若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词就作谓语 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应该填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等。例如2016全国Then, handle the most important tasks so you will feel a real sense of achievement .Leave the less important things until tomorrow ---63 (be) often acceptable. 分析：该句中主语为动名词leaving -----,故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境知时态为一般现在时故填is 例二2016四川高考The giant panda ---61 (love) by people through the world. 分析：句中没有谓语故空格处应该做谓语。大熊猫为世界各地人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时，且panda 与love 间是被动关系，用被动语态故填is loved (2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词（并列连词或从句连词）时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是vIng形式，Ved 形式还是不定式。 例1 2016全国Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal-----43 (create) special designs. 分析:本句已有谓语动词combine 且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处为不定式作目的状语故填to create 例二2016 全国My ambassadorial duties will include ----67(introduce) British visitors to the 120 plus panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 分析：句中已有谓语动词include 且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。Include 及物动词其后加名词或动名词作宾语再结合提示Introduce和空后的名词visitors ,此处应用动名词作宾语故填introducing.