2017考研英语阅读：“正话反说”7大
高频出题点
正话反说是考研阅读中的一个难点，即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。这一考点加大了从原文找答案的难度，常在推理判断题型中出现，很多考生没有真正理解文章意思，只停留在字面意思的理解，由此经常会误选答案。
正话反说又可以分为以下几个高频考点：
?Should：应该怎样?
也就意味着实际上并没有那么干，也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。(如04年真题第二篇48题中的选项C：teachers should pay attention to all of their students 老师应该关注所有的孩子，潜台词老师没有关注所有的孩子。)考生需要特别注意如果should这个词在题干中出现的时候，我们一定要选择一个与原文意思完全相反的，才能作为正确答案。
?It looks/sounds like/as if：看/听上去好像
实际并不是。如97年真题第5篇的首句“Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science.”下划线的字面意思直译“使之听上去好像一门精确的科学”，作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。
?虚拟语气：虚拟以所谓的反事实假设
即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。如96年第五篇的末句“And so it does —and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.”本句话字面意思直译是“如果理性成为创世论和进化论这场争议的唯一评判标准，那么一切都会变得好了”，作者实际表达的意思就是理性既不是唯一评判标准，而今天情况也并不好。
?让步论述：先假设作者观点负面成立
从而引发出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结局。倒过来再次论证作者自身观点的正确性。因为有假设能成立的过程，事实上并不能成立，因此字面意思和实际意思依然是相反的。如97年第5篇首段“Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.”如果把货币政策必成开汽车的话(前文论证过货币政策不能比喻成开汽车，这里就是假设其观点的负面成立)，那么你就是开着一辆前挡风玻璃是黑的，后视镜是碎的，方向盘是坏的车(荒谬的不合理的结局)。倒过来论证货币政策不能比成开汽车。
?引号：起一个反语的作用
如“"Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.”引号表征是所谓的科学，作者表达的意思就是创世论并不科学。
?反问句：反问也是一种正话反说
如2005年第2篇首段“That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain?”字面意思“证据不确定，那么科学也不确定了吗?”很明显作者表达的意思是科学是certain的，而不是字面的uncertain。
?文化背景：在某些特定的文化背景当中
作者实际表达意思和字面意思相反。如2001年第5篇第一段“A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile
career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.”作者在这里只是借自身来反讽某些政府部长，即作者并不是政府部长，也不是想和家人共度美好时光。
对于考生而言，更多从上下文逻辑关系来理解文章，更好的把握文章的主旨才能真正读懂文章，在考场上立于不败之地。人生的路就在各位同学的脚下，希望大家都能认真对待，精心准备，克服困难和加倍努力，怀着信心和恒心，以快乐的心态、科学的方法、健康的体魄在这场考研战斗中获得最终的胜利!
考研英语词汇 accommodate 使适应，使符合一致accommodate oneself to changed circumstances accompany 陪伴，伴随She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend. accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accomplish one's purpose accord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words. account 记述，叙述give a brief account of what has happened accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accumulate wisdom accurate 准确的，精确的an accurate estimate accuse 指控，指责They accused her publicly of stealing their books. accustom 使习惯于accustom oneself to rising (to rise) early acquaint 使认识，使了解 activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed. acute 尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinker
address 演说 a television address adhere 黏附，附着Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbs adjoin 贴近，与...毗邻His house adjoins the lake. administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the funds are administrated by the wife. adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescents advance 使向前移动advance a chessman advantage 有利条件，优点Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantages when seeking another term. adverse 不友好的，敌对的She felt adverse to her husband's friends. advocate 拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defence aesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美an aesthetic theory affliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated company affirm 断言，申明affirm the truth of a statement aggravate 加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economy aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weapon agitate 搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture. alarm 惊恐，忧虑The bandits scattered in alarm. alert 警惕的，留神的In our reading we should always be alert for
2017年高考英语总动员“七选五”阅读 8.历年探究
（Ⅰ） 【2016·新课标全国卷I】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Bank, companies, and government agencies use secret code in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) behind code making. The science of decoding and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters a re “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, th e message “Meet me” would read “1 3 5 20 13 5”. A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”.The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. 40 However, it
2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheld on Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a
2017考研英语高频词汇汇总（3） 1. attitude n. 态度; 看法; 姿势; 个人风格; [例句]Being unemployed produces negative attitudes to work. 失业会产生对工作的消极态度。 2. balance n. 平衡; 天平; 平衡力;(酿酒配料的)均衡; vt. 权衡; (使) 平衡;(使)均衡;(使)相抵; vt. 结平(账目); 使(在某物上)保持平衡; 使(各部分)协调; 用天平称; [例句]I balanced on the ledge. 我在窗台上站稳。 3. characteristic adj. 特有的; 独特的; 表示特性的; 显示…的特征的; n. 特性，特征，特色，[数](对数的)首数; 独特性; 性质; [例句]Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. 基因决定每个生物的特征。 4. claim vt. 声称; 索取; 断言; 需要; vi. 提出要求; n. 索赔; 声称;(根据权利而提出的)要求; 断言; [例句]He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him. 他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。 5. comment n. 评论; 注释; 意见; 说明; vt. 评论，谈论; vt. 表达意见; 解释，注释; [例句]So far, Mr Cook has not commented on these reports. 到目前为止，库克先生仍未就这些报道发表评论。 6. constitute vt. 构成，组成; 制定，设立; 等同于; 指派; [例句]Testing patients without their consent would constitute a professional and legal offence. 未经患者同意而对其进行检查被视为违反职业操守并触犯法律。 7. contract
2017年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1helping you feel close and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about 32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that’s usually14with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.” Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅲ） 英语答案解析 第一部分:阅读理解 第一节 1.【答案】A 【解析】题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行，而第一个项目San Francisco Winery Tour的时间是从2月1日到4月30日。故选A。 【考点】冠词，细节理解。 2.【答案】C 【解析】第二个项目Back to the Fifties Tour中提到在San Francisco你能免费品尝冰淇淋。而其他选项在这个旅行中没有被提到。故选C。 【考点】介词辨析，细节理解。 3.【答案】D 【解析】第四个项目Holiday Lights Tour的最后一句话提到”Advance reservations required”，由此可知，该旅行需要提前预定。故选D。 【考点】代词，细节理解。 4.【答案】B 【解析】根据第一段的最后一句”As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end”可推断出工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭做准备。故选B。 【考点】副词辨析，推理判断。 5.【答案】D 【解析】根据第二段中的”Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了The Last picture Show这部电影，因为他认为这部电影很合适。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项的“suitable都表示“合适的”。故选D。 【考点】细节理解。 6.【答案】C 【解析】第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。 【考点】动词的时态，推理判断。
2017考研英语一阅读答案 答案：21-25 ACDDC 21. 答案【A】explain American’s tolerance of current security checks. 解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之 前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全 检查。正确答案A的American’s tolerance是原文Americans are willing to tolerate的原词复现，current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同义转化。干扰项B 的urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围;选项C的major U.S. major airports属于具体信息的干扰;选项D的privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。 22. 答案【C】An increase in the number of travelers. 解析：本题目为原因细节题。根据题干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 与题干中的contributed to是同义转化，所以定位内容就 是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C的an increase in the number of travelers 是原文 a rise in airline travel的同义替换。干扰项A的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容;选项B的TSA efficiency也出现在第四段;选项D的unexpected secret checks未提及。
2017年考研英语（二）真题与解析 作者：凯程陆老师，有问题找我 SectionI Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,today’s unemployed don’t seem to be havinga great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for7Americans.Also,some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days,because leisure time is relatively16for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel18,”Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters. 1．[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring 【答案】[C]warning 2．[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty
2017年江苏省英语高考阅读C A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-growing industry,urging antitrust（反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago,the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants（巨头）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable. Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too. But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond. This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking
2017考研英语复习必背：5个高频语法知识点英语复习涉及的语法知识点有很多，而考研英语也需要考生熟练掌握语法知识点，在完型、阅读、翻译和写作中都会有涉及。下面5个语法知识点常常考察，建议2017考生首先掌握好它们。 1.同位语从句：同位语从句在句中作A同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。同位语的特点是：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的名词包括：assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion结论/ doubt怀疑等。例句：The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in the region has been discussed. 关于我们应该开发本地区资源的建议已经讨论过了。 2.现在完成时：表示过去延续到现在的动作或状态。具体来说，这种用法是表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例句：An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to her, “Don’t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now。” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央，这时，一位交警朝着她嚷道：“我都把手举起来了，你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说：“我当然知道，我都做了28 年的老师了。” 3. 时间状从：not…until… 用法。例句：The students d idn’t stop talking until the teacher came in。 4. it做形式主语，句子做逻辑主语：如果主语太长，常用代词it 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句置于句尾，以保持句式的平衡。
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s w ork，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island —quite a few "No's". There is no pollution, for instance. No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July, and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There are no handguns; only one jail of thirty-five cells in the entire land —an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people. There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is situated just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and no daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures ranging from 34 degrees Fahrenheit to 52 degrees in July. The rules on television, liquor, and guns are the result of governmental decision. But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland gets its power from the enormous geyser(间歇泉and the thousands of hot springs that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power. Iceland has been described as a democratic independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first the stories were memorized
2017考研英语高频词组汇总 1. yield to 对…屈服,投降,让步,顺从 2. be worthy of (=be deserving of)值得,够得上, 配得上 3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focused on;be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有abound 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 12. on one’s own account 1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账on account of 因为on no account 不论什么原因也不of …account 有…重要性 13. take…into accou nt(=consider)把...考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 16. on account of (=because of=in that) 由于,因为.