独立部分作文笔记（原创）
一．TWE 评分过程
（1）不必在意的四件事——破除原有误解
①不必在意英语和美语的差异；
②不必在意口语与书面语的差异；
③不必在意任何文化差异；
④不必在意语言是否地道。
（2）6 分评分标准
Readers should focus on what the examinee does well.
Scores6 Demonstrates clear competence in writing on both the rhetorical
and syntactic levels, though it may have occasional errors.
A paper in this category
––effectively addresses the writing task
––is well organized and well developed
––uses clearly appropriate details to support a thesis or illustrate ideas
––displays consistent facility in the use of language
––demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriate word choice
二．评分标准的分析
评分标准一：effectively addresses the writing task
（1）简单说明文（Explanation）
（I）Background Information，Thesis Statement——1 段
（II）Supporting——2-3 段。例：
21. In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of thisphenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
Supporting：A、食物改善；B、技术进步；C、社会和经济环境的稳定。
Topic Sentence：Among various factors that have made people live longer are A, B and C.
①A is very important factor.
粗粮、细粮，肉食，牛奶，水质（自来水、矿泉水）……
②Equally important is B.
医疗技术使很多过去的绝症轻易获得治疗，如百日咳，肺结核等。
③Matching A and B is another essential factor, C.
战争，社会动荡，经济动荡都会影响人们的寿命。
主题句的写法：
①尽量不要只使用抽象名词；
②尽量暗示文章将来结构，主题句写好了可以没有结论句；
③主题句应该值得解释、值得证明。
（2）对比、对照（Compare & Contrast）
（I）Background Information
（II）Compare & Contrast
√ √√ A √√×OrA√B √× ×B × ××√B×A ×
（III）Topic Sentence / Conclusion
（3）立论文（Argumentation）
①本身有争议；
③不能用right/wrong 来修饰，而是who is more reasonable.
例：
41. Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry aremore important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree ordisagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons andexamples to support your answer.
立场：反对盲目地保护濒临灭绝动物。
（I）Background Information
（II）Supporting ×××
（III）Rebuttal 驳证——选择一个对立立场辩驳（最重要的部分）
beautiful？
necessary？
money？
（IV）Topic Sentence
审题立论的注意事项：
①以读者为导向；②想好了再写；③说服读者而不仅是表达；④顺序很重要；⑤结论不重要。
评分标准二：is well organized and well developed
1、元素排列
（1）二分法：①简单→复杂；②已知→未知；③次要→重要（说明说服为目的）。
（2）逻辑关系：①并列；②递进；③转折。
有力模式：
有力模式I 有力模式II 有力模式III
A
↓ 并列递进转折
B ↓ ↓ ↓
↓ 递进转折递进
C
例：
43. Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or otherdangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
先想一个例子，在按照有力模式的构成去思考其他例子。本例采有力模式II。
（1）the drive of money…………………（material）
①特技演员（stunt man）；
②Photography；正面
③Law breaker。
递进→（2）the desire pursuer happiness.（spiritual）
人的本性对危险的追求
转折→（3）无知（ignorance）…………………………………………负面
评分标准三：uses clearly appropriate details to support a thesisor illustrate ideas
一个反例——讲义P156。
教训：（1）不仅要列大纲，还要落实具体细节，然后查字典。前两步用平时使用的、朴素的、没有修饰的中文完成。
中文英文英文解释
…… …… …………
…… …… …………
…… …… …………
（2）考场上在表达时永不轻言放弃。一旦忘记例子，千方百计解
释清楚。
解释方法：中文，同位语从句+定语从句
评分标准四：displays consistent facility in the use of language
思维贫乏的人才会用华丽的辞藻。
评分标准五：demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriateword choice
逻辑思维
语言文字
三．185 题库的处理
压缩题库：TWE 写作的准备是系统工程，考验资源整合能力。
1、相关题目归类整理材料，整合论点。
㈠86→89→90→91；
㈡6→52→141（因此52 选择why 而不是how）→165evironment
例：
52. What change would make your hometown more appealing to people your age?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Among diverse aspects that I want to change about my hometown is its environment.
→（why & how？此处选why）
①A good environment will make people happier. （100 words）
②A nice environment will make people healthier. （100 words）
③A perfect environment will make people more productive. （100 words）
Topic Sentence：TS, the improvement of which will make people happier, healthier, and even moreproductive. （主题句应当尽量暗示文章未来结构）
㈢36→70
例：
70. Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Others think
that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is your opinion? Use
specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
主题句应当值得解释、值得证明，故：
①汽车之类现代交通工具使市场上商品数量增多，方便流通；
②使商品价格降低；（运输成本降低，同种商品种类增加、竞争加剧）
③甚至，汽车交通工具对我国妇女地位独立有很大帮助。
最初想到：convenient & efficient，不值得解释、证明；
进一步问：so what？→人们活动范围增加，但仍不够；
进一步问：so what？→商品的活动范围增加→商品数量增加
因此，多想几步即可得到有效结论。
㈣15→18→46→179→93→62→103，基于ETS 出题的人群普适性和文化普适性。
①To be a good _____ , one should have the intelligence.happier, healthier,
②To be a good _____ , one should be humor. more productive
③To be a good _____ , one should be reliable.
理由、例子、思路的反复运用。
2、一些用母语都难写的题目的处理。
（1）最好不要同意的。往往是一些绝对的立场，观点要从绝对词出发。选反对或中间模式。例：
37. Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons
and examples to support your answer.
本例选中间模式，组织采有力模式III。方法是修正部分绝对化的表达和词汇。
①It’s true that progress is usually good.如交通、沟通、书写工具。
②However, it’s hardly true that progress is always good.
③In fact, progress in itself is nether good or bad. 技术的运用在人不再技术本身。
例：
53. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most importantaspect of a job is the money
a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples
不能同意。绝对词：the most important。其他重要原因如stability。
例：
54. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should neverjudge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons and details tosupport your answer.
①确实有时会犯错；
②但有时也确实可以根据外表得到信息，如判断诚信；
③甚至，有时必须通过外表判断一个人。
（2）最好同意的。
没有绝对词，而且往往还有想关限定词。
例：
27. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People shouldsometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons andexamples to support your answer.
两种分类：喜欢的/不喜欢的；有益成功的/无益成功的。需要做不喜欢但有益成功的。
另外的例子还有63、42 题等。
（3）只能反对的。
主要有第8、88、119、120 题。
分析方法：How come they have such an opinion? 即A→B 的因果关系是否过分简单化？
①A 不见得是B 的理由；
②A 不见得是B 的唯一理由；
② A 不见得是B 最重要的理由。
例：
8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television hasdestroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons andexamples to support your opinion.
It’s true that people attend to spend lots ①of time in watching television.
②It’s also true that people spend less time in communication.
③However, it’s hardly true that television destroyed people’s communication.
④再写一个真正的理由，如工作压力、经济压力等：
It’s working stress rather than television…
例：
88. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones and emailhave made communication between people less personal. Use specific reasonsand examples to support your opinion.Personal 有两种
理解：①亲密；②个性化。只要前后理解一贯即可。
相比第8 题，可以忽略前3 点而扩张第4 点，如沟通成本的降低。
例：
119. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behavedifferently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothesinfluence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer.
①有时候会影响人们的行为。服装影响心理；服装影响他人对你的态度。
②然而，服装不必然影响人们行为。
③什么是最重要的理由，如价值观（value system）。
例：
120. Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Doyou agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that peoplemake quickly are always wrong. Use reasons and specific examples to supportyour opinion.
①通常迅速作出的决定是错误的；
②不是生活当中每一个决定都是值得认真思考的；
③甚至很多人就是擅长短时间内作出正确决定。
（4）不能同意也不能反对的。It depends.
例：
20. It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do youagree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.
It depends the child’s age.
5 岁之前，最重要的是家庭内部环境；
小学时，乡村更好一些；
高中时，城里更好一些。
慎用I think…，in my opinion 等词组：
①是废话；②不要站在读者对立面。
只有当你确知有不同观点时才可使用，然后必须用细节支持，如本文。
例：
32. Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save yourmoney for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to supportyouropinion.
It depends the money you earn.
2000/月，想存也impossible；
20000/月，基本花不完；
200000/月，花掉。
例：
35. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a liveperformance (for example, a play, concert, or sporting event) is more enjoyablethan watching the same event on television. Use specific reasons and examples tosupport your opinion.
要看是什么演出，不同情况作不同选择。
例：
49. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-facecommunication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email,or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.要看与谁沟通，老板、顾客、同事等均不同。
五．TWE 考试的准备
1、改写阶段。挑5-10 篇话题不重复的范文进行改写。
①改词。
②改句：简单句、并列句互改；句子成分、从句互改；正常语序，倒装互改。
③换一种说法。
④换个理由，换个例子。
改写的顺序：上午写，下午改，晚上背，第二天默。
2、创作阶段。写5-10 篇。
不限时完成，借助一切可以借助的力量。顺序与第一阶段相同。注重句法、时态等。
3、冲刺阶段。写5-10 篇。
限时25 分钟完成，最好早上9:00 写。下午用大量时间改写、背，第二天默写。
附录三句法多样性专题(Syntactic Variety)
1. 并列
a) 并列大量名词: n1, n2, n3, …, and n
i. A, B, C, … and other Xs…
ii. X, such [Y] as A, B, C…, …
History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics/calculus, and other abstract subjectshave to be learned from books, or primarily from books.
Some knowledge, such abstract subjects as history, philosophy, fundamentalmathematics/calculus, has to be learned from books, or primarily from books.
It is necessary for everyone to read imaginative literature, such as poetry, novels, ormythology.
It is necessary for everyone to read poetry and other types of imaginative literaturesuch asnovels and mythology.
b) 并列名词性成份: n. + what/how/whether/if… [并列复杂句]
i. what = something that
ii. how = the way/manner in which
Most parents educate their children merely by instinct rather than by proper pedagogy,and usually do not care about their relationship with children and how such neglectinfluences the future development of their children.
Most students are eager to obtain knowledge, but they lack the sense of what is good, orwhat is necessary and how such a deficiency in the concept of viewing the situation as awhole would mislead them.
c) 并列形容词性成份
i. a1 and a2 + n
ii. a1 + yet/but + a2 + n
iii. a1, a2 + n + that…
iv. a1, a2, so a3 that/as to…
a small town a small and peaceful town
a good teacher a good and very impressive teacher
a stupid decision a stupid and incorrigible decision
…
simple yet effective method
a direct and simple yet magically effective method
an irrational yet understandable decision
a fair and balance, yet undesirable decision
obvious yet not the most significant reason
expensive yet worthy course
slow yet indispensable process
A weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story....
All adult birds molt their feathers at least once a year, and upon close observation, one canrecognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that are nearing the end of their usefullife.
[T0105-P02-L3]
Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normallycontinue at least several quarters without giving any essential information.The impact that technology has had on our daily life and society in general, is undeniable.It will become even greater as computers get faster, smaller, smarter, and soinexpensive that virtually everyone will be able to own one.A class led by a lethargic teacher could be extremely dull, dry, and so boring that driveseverybody in the class into sleep.Learning in essence is a process that is time-consuming, painstaking, and so hard thatvirtually only persistent few can finally have a sense of real achievement.
1. 并列
d) 并列副词性成份
i. ad1 and ad2
ii. ad1 + yet/but + ad2
iii. ad1, ad2, prep.
iv. ad1, ad2, so ad3 that/as to…
A conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully, intelligently, and with thefull consideration of all possible aspects concerning the subject.
1. 并列
e) 并列动词
i. 并列动词
a) …v1…, v2-ing…, v3-ing…
ii. 并列句子
b) …, and therefore/thus/consequently/subsequently…
c) not only/simply/merely… but also/…as well/even…
d) neither… nor…
e) not that… but that…
f) 并列从句: … that…, and that…[并列复杂句]
iii. that引导的宾语从句
iv. that引导的定语从句
v. that 引导的主语从句
An absent-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intensely focused, often preparingnothing in advance, wandering among random topics, thus wasting and killing times ofindustrial students.
主语相同的两个句子并列，―and‖对应的中文应该是―也‖。
Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are the major source from which peopleobtain knowledge.
书本记录着思想和理念，也．是人们获取知识的主要来源。
Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are therefore the major source fromwhich people obtain knowledge.
书本记录着思想和理念，所．以．也．是人们获取知识的主要来源。
History has to be vague and ambiguous, and is therefore/thus so interesting that many areobsessed, because people always cannot help trying to know the truth.
历史必然模糊含混，也正是如此，它才那样有趣以至于很多人都被深深的吸引，因为人们总是忍不住要追寻真理。
Chinese children unfortunately have few rights to make their own decisions, andsubsequently often have to do things that they do not enjoy doing at all.
很不幸孩子们很少有自作主张的权利，也因此常常只能去做自己不喜欢做的事情。
Modern vehicles have extended the range of people’s ac tivity, and thus made much moregoods available to local markets.
现代交通工具延伸了人们活动的范围，也因此使市场上的商品数量增加了。
It is the nature of human that determines that people tend to trust themselves rather thanothers, and consequently they often misguide by their own feelings rather than reasons.
这是人性所决定的：人们倾向于相信自己而不是相信别人，也因此常常被自己的感觉所误导，而不是遵循理智。
Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.
A perfect environment will not only make people happier and healthier, but it will even make people more productive.
Modern transportation vehicles such as automobiles have not only made more goodsavailable in the local markets, but they have also lowered the price of the products in themarkets.
3. 元素并列的其他手段
肯定句: also; as well; too; equally; of equal importance…
否定句: either, neither; nor
A good environment will make people happier.
A nice environment will also make people healthier.
A poor environment will not make people happier.
A bad environment will not make people healthier either.
或Nor a bad environment will make people healthier.
4. not… but
计算机不仅给人们带来了方便，还是人们学得更多。
Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.
补充: 分割效果
1) 主语和谓语动词之间
2) 助动词和实意动词之间
3) 系动词和表语之间
only also…
not simply but … as well.
merely even…
not that… but that…
Not that emails or telephones have made people less personal, but that peoplethemselves have become less personal. One of several possible reasons is that peopleusually lack of adequate communicating skills.
A good environment will make people happier.
A nice environment will make people healthier as well.
A perfect environment will not only make people happier and healthier, but it willeven make them more productive.
2. 重复成分
a) 重复形容词
iii. … a. …, so a. that/as to…
b) 重复名词
iv. … n., n that…
In fact, history is interesting, so interesting that many are obsessed by it, because peoplealways cannot help knowing the truth.
Parents or other adults often give merely a casual answer to a serious question from acurious child, an answer that makes no sense at all, and might have unforeseeablenegative consequence in the future.
3. 从句
a) whether/if/what/how 做宾语
a) when/whenever; while + -ing/-ed
b) if/whether + adj.
c) what/how/when/where + to…
d) …, n + of + which…
深入研究转折
1. 形容词的转折并列
simple yet effective method
a simple, direct, practical yet magically effective method
irrational yet understandable decision
a fair and balance, yet undesirable decision
obvious yet not the most significant reason
expensive yet worthy course
slow yet indispensable process
A weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story....
2. 包装（反复取非）
History is useful.
History is not useful.
It is commonly believed that history is not useful. However, this is a prevailingmisunderstanding. Hypocrites lie.
Hypocrites do not tell the truth.
Hypocrites do tell the truth when and only when they have convinced that by doing so theycan benefit. Hypocrites have many forms, but they have one thing in common: Hypocrites do tell thetruth when and only when they have convinced that by doing so they can benefit.
Although most people were hostile to the hypocritical behaviors, and believeprofoundly in the sacredness of truth and the inviolable freedom of those who dare to tellthe truth, they often betray their principle, dignity, and in effect become accompanies ofother hypocrites.
Hypocrites have many forms, but always have one thing in common: theyessentially have no principle at all. They tell the truth when and only when they feel thetruth is on their side, otherwise they would refuse rather than accept the truth, or remainsilence even choose to lie for the sake of their own safety if they find they arethreatened,even when that threat is at most potential.
It’s fortunate that our society always has a small por tion of citizens who always tryto insist their principles and struggle to defend even when tremendous cost isanticipated.
When nearly everyone in this society had learnt to remain silence, Doctor Jiang Yan Yongstood out and shouted the truth about SARS. When nobody in this country is not afraid ofAIDS, Doctor Gao Yao Jie is
rushing around to help the helpless.
When most people in thiscountry believe money is everything, and should be made by whatever means is possible,Zhou Li Tai, as a lawyer, is persistently fighting for the weakest group who might beincapable of paying his consultant fee.
附录四例证表达法
大家最熟悉的当然是"for example" 和"for instance" 了。这两个表达
法后面可以接名词性成分或者句子。还可以说"take … for example" ，比
如："Let's take an extreme case for example. …"
用来修饰"example" 的形容词很多，应该熟练掌握：
characteristic; classic; prime; representative; typical | excellent; fine;
good; impressive; magnificent; outstanding; perfect; superb; wonderful
| fascinating; interesting; intriguing; notable; remarkable; striking;
graphic; vivid; dramatic; extreme; spectacular; clear; obvious; simple;
straightforward; blatant; flagrant; glaring | familiar; famous;
well-known; notorious; common; rare; much-quoted; oft-quoted;
often-quoted | illustrative; helpful; illuminating; instructive; useful;
practical | concrete; hypothetical
这里面要是你有哪个词不认识，那就一定要背下来，然后写作文的时候用上，这样你就用了一些―别人可能不用的词汇‖，显得稍微superior 了一点。能够对"example" 发出的动作有: give; provide; contain; include; cite;draw; take (sth. a s ) ; f i n d 。而"example" 能够发出的动作有:
abound;demonstrate; illustrate; show 等等。
也可以直接让― 例子‖ 发出动作，比如这样的情况：The behavior ofMeerkats giving alarm calls clearly/well exemplifies the existence ofaltruism.有很多个例子的时候，用这样的表达法："A, B, C, and so on." 或者"A,
B, C, and etc.."如果是口语表达，比较常用的有"..., and something like
that."或者" . . . a n d s t u f f l ike that."
有的时候，你可能在举了很多个例子之后想说― ... 就更不用提了。‖ 或
者― 更不消说… … ‖ ，那用的表达法是：" not to men t i o n . . . " 或者"let
alone..." 。
举例子的时候，可以先举几个例子然后再概括一下；或者反过来，先概括
之后列举几个实例。所使用的结构分别是："A such (B) as X, Y and Z" ；
或者"X, Y, Z, and other A" 。例如：
History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics, and other abstractsubjects can be learnt mainly from books. Some subjects, such abstract ones as history, philosophy, andfundamental mathematics, can be learnt mainly from books.
有的时候，举例子可能需要做出限定或者指定，那可以用"as" 这个词，
例如：" A narrow, confining room, as in a prison or convent, wouldmake anyone nuts. "
能够用丰富的例子说明问题其实是一种能力，关键在于平时的刻意积累。
如果你有能力举出很多例子，那就需要这样的句型：
Examples abound in history/our daily life that…
Examples /instances are countless/innumerable/numerous
Stories abound of alcoho l i c s who flush their daily pill down the t o i l e t
or "cheek" it, only to dispose of it later.
Similar examples of "nuptial gifts" abound throughout the anima l
world.
History/Our daily life/This world abounds in examples which
demonstrate…
The list will go on.
The list would be endless if we try to make an inventory of such
examples.
The litany of drug damage goes on and on.
The list of profit-making, instinct-exploiting products is long.
Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident,
pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a
few personality traits.
如果你举的例子非常经典，又显而易见，不妨使用这个句型：
Remember that... （相当于― 记得… … 吧？‖ ）
If we want to predict how aggressively a man will guard his wife, we
need look no further than age. （… 想想/ 看看就可以了）
Success requires a tenacious spirit and a drive to achieve. Nowhere is
this more apparent in the entertainment business. Thousands of
actors and actresses work tenaciously to have a career in the movies.
But without beauty or talent, tenacity i s n ' t always rewarded, and only a
few become stars.
用最近发生的事情做例子：
An instance occurred recently in which…
如果举的例子是― 轶事‖ 、― 传说‖ 、― 某个学说‖ 之类的，那可以用这样的句型：Legend/Gossip/Rumor/Words/A theory/A saying has it
that. . . ; As story goes: . . . ; That's how the story goes.; 或者Story
goes. . . ( g o e s 后面接完整的句子。例如：Story Goes Viral Alex Jones appears on CNN, poll says three-quarters plus support Sheen. )
有的时候要用一些想象出来的例子说明问题，那用这些词开头：Consider ; Imagine; Suppose; Say; Assume; 或者在这些词后面直接
加上一个宾语或者一个宾语从句，比如"Imagine a person who is worrying about his future." 或者"Suppose a person is worrying
about his future."
这样想象出来的case ，还可以用sometimes , in some cases, in
some specific cases 开头开始讲述。也可以用条件句型，"If…, …." 或者"When…, …." 以及，There are many cases in which… （有些情况下… … ）；There are moments when … （有些时候… … ）；We all have met the cases in which… （我们都会遇到… … 的情况）；We all have moments when… （有些时候我们都会… … ）… …
托福独立写作高分范文4 ● 绝对词型 185题库 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best https://www.doczj.com/doc/e39892765.html,e specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, in most cases the earliest teachers people have are their parents, and parents are generally most concerned about the development of their children. However, it is not completely true to say that parents are the best teachers. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Forest Gump's mother is a good example. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have misbehaviors are often severely distorted. In reality, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have some bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy everything including bad ones from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, when their children do not follow the instructions, the children will be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are perhaps capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than has ever been before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers.(403)
托福写作高分范文仿写技巧作为托福考试写作部分两篇文章其中之一，独立写作主要以学生的学术知识背景和个人生活经验为基础来考察语语言的学习规律是相通的。有了正确的『输入』，才能有正确的『输出』。所以，要想在英文写作中有所提高，我们可以借鉴一些上乘的范文，对其思路、结构、语言等进行模仿，并最终应用在我们自己的文章中。这个过程就叫做『仿写』。今天文都国际教育小编就给大家介绍下托福写作高分范文仿写技巧。 如何做仿写? 托福写作高分范文仿写技巧Step 1 通读范文，了解通篇大意，仔细研究各段构思。 在教学过程中，我会为学生甄选符合国外考试评分标准的优秀范文。学生拿到这些范文后，可以从宏观的角度了解作者对于题目的观点，是采用了单边、双边还是中立的角度来进行论证。学生还可以从微观的角度，深度分析每个主体段，作者是如何通过有逻辑地说理，并配以恰当具体的例子，来证明此段的分论点。 以下为范?段落实例： Modern society places a lot of emphasis on success. Though success is clearly desirable, Ithink our intense focus on success is unhealthy and counter productive.People would be better served by learning how to adopt a positive attitude towards failure. 托福写作高分范文仿写技巧Step 2 学习优秀的语言点 针对每一篇范文，我会为学生总结出其中用法得到的词组和句式，并让学生趁热打铁，强化对这些语料的记忆。这种从整体中提取，呈现成个体的形式，会让学生对这些语料的印象更加深刻。 以下为提取实例：
如何写托福独立写作的主题句 在托福独立写作部分应该包括开头段、中间段、结尾段这三大部分。因此每一段都应该有一个主题句，那么应该如何写托福独立写作的主题句呢?下面前程百利小编就为考生详细分析。 主题句的要求 构建主题句的最基本的要求应该是“不偏离总论点、言简意赅、不相互包含和不互为因果”，细细探究这些写作要求，它们其实是围绕着“论述逻辑性”、“句子单词数”和“说服力强弱”而存在的。换言之，只有做到了这三点，主题句才算比较好的主题句。 严格按照这些要求所写出来的主题句，在逻辑维度绝对是严谨的，能够让考官对考生的理解力给予肯定;在篇幅维度一定是简洁的，能够让考官对考生的概括力给予肯定;最后，在表述维度必须是多元的，能够让考官对考生的思辨力给予肯定。 案例分析 例如，托福写作-学习和教育 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. 高中学生必须学习音乐和艺术吗? 题目分析： 尽管All是绝对修饰词，不过要注意，是secondary school(中学)。所以，不妨同意。因为仍然处于义务教育(compulsory education)阶段。
范文主题句分析： 在本道题目中是同意学生应该学习艺术和音乐，因此我们应该从学习音乐和艺术的好处着手。所谓的主题段跟作文的大纲极为相似，如果把作文的每一个主题段都确定下来，作文的大纲也就有了。 在本篇独立写作的主体部分有三个段落：每个段落的主题句如下， Studying art and music makes a person more diverse and thoughtful.在这句话中说到学生学习艺术和音乐使人更加多样化并且思考方式更加周全，呼应了主题的应该让学生学习音乐和艺术。 These subjects give the students an outlet for expressing their turbulent emotions during puberty.这些课程让学生释放他们在青春期的骚动。 Viewing art and listening to music are excellent ways to relax.欣赏艺术和听音乐是放松的最好方式。 这三个主题无论从逻辑上还是从结构篇幅上都符合要求。从逻辑方面来看，跟文章主题切合，不偏题，都从学习艺术和音乐的好处出发;从字数上看，句子没有太长都在20单词以内，体现了学生的概括能力。从说服力方面来看，第一个从音乐能提高能力方面，第二个从同学们的需求方面，第三个从学生的生理和心理方面论述了学习音乐和艺术的益处，具有很强的说服力。这样的主题段是符合考官要求的，因此考生在写主题段的时候也要这样写，才有可能取得高分。 以上就是如何写托福独立写作的主题句的相关内容。希望通过以上分析考生可以参考一下，多多进行实践，争取写出符合考官口味的作文!
托福独立写作满分范文下载 托福独立写作可谓是托福考试中的一道拦路虎，在这里为大家整理一片托福独立写作的满分范文，供同学们参考。 Does technology make children less creative than in the past? Are our kids becoming lazier and less creative, less imaginable than before as a consequence of highlyadvanced technology? My answer is no, and just the opposite, technology has apparently assisted our kids tobecome more creative. First and foremost, technology has provided children with easy access to scientific and liberal art resourceswhich is their best source of inspiration. For example, children could now easily gain access to academic databasesthrough iPad screen, read classical works on Kindle, or watch historic documents on Internet. These great worksare essentially helpful to arousing their curiosity and prepares them with key knowledge necessary for any creation.However, these wonderful equipments and facilities are never as handy in the past, when kids could only reachlimited resources in public libraries or schools. In this sense, technology has provided the possibility for children tobe more creative. Second, technology has equipped children with professional apparatus which could finally realize theirimagination. This takes form particularly as computer softwares and applications, such as Photoshop for creativegraphic design, Overture for easily composing a piece of music, 3DMax for building up a virtual world, etc.. Allthe software were never as handy as they are at present, and this would absolutely provides our children aneffective tool for realizing their creativity. Third, technology itself is a market place where creative ideas are economically encouraged. Steve Jobsearned millions of dollars a year for his unparallel creation, and Mark Zuckberg gained his reputation for thegenius social network. Therefore, technology has provided children the internal motive to develop their creativity. However, it is undeniable that technology might make children become lazier and be comfortable with whatis already available because everything are so convenient nowadays and there seems to be no way to improve them.Children lost in
2015 13 1.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When working on a project, it’s better for classmates or colleagues to communicate face to face than sending emails. 2.1 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and televisions have more negative influences than positive influences on young people's behavior. 3.7 2 Some people think that it is an important part of a child’s education to go on field trips (for example, museums), other people think a child’s time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. What is your opinion? 3.28 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's better to complete a project and then start another one than to do several things at the same time. 4.12 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend money helping more people access the Internet instead of improving public transportation. 6.13 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's better to spend money enjoying life like going on vacation than to save money for the future. 6.29 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it's better to make friends with intelligent people than with people who have a sense of humor? 9.5 In order to attract more tourists, the government could either improve safety by hiring more police or improve its appearance by repairing old buildings and streets. Which way do you think is more effective? 9.12 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to achieve success, we must be more similar to others than be different from others. 10.10 Which is better for children's education: 9-month study and 3-month break or 3-month study and 1-month break? 10.11 Instead of spending money on exploration of outer space, government should 10.25
托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——双观点篇 托福独立写作对于很多托福考生来说是取得高分难以逾越的一道鸿沟, 这不仅需要大量的练习, 还需掌握其中的诀窍。今天, 教育优选为各位考生带来托福独立写作主题段双观点的写法点拨,希望对各位考生有所帮助。 通常对于独立写作我们都会选择五段式的结构,这个结构包括三个主体段, 按照题型我们可以将写作类型分为三个:支持反对类 (单观点、对比比较类 (双观点、自主定义类。今天,闫玲娟老师跟各位考生分析一下有关双观点类题目的写作技巧,下面是一道典型的题目: Topic 2008.11.9 Movies and TV have more positive effects than negative effects on young people’ s behavior. 电影电视对于青少年行为的影响利大于弊。 题目中明显要求就电视的优点以及缺点进行比较,我们暂且用 A 、 B 表示两个不同观点 1.A+A+B 双关的写作的第一种写法是运用两个正向的论点去支撑 A , 再用一个论点去支持 B ,因为 A 的优势更大一些,所以最终得出 A 更合适的结果。 Topic 2008.11.9 Movies and TV have more positive effects than negative effects on young people’ s behavior. 电影电视对于青少年行为的影响利大于弊。 Agree :
The positive influence outweighs their negative effects. Large quantities of motion pictures (movies about encouragement strengthen young generation’ s willpower to chase dreams with determination. Influenced by a number of interesting TV programs, young people begin to learn things that they used to feel boring. Admittedly , we should not ignore that there are some violent plots which tend to result in teenage crimes.However, this kind of movie makes up only a small section of products in film industry and is under the strict control of government. Therefore, its influence is quite limited. 我们可以看到, 在这种写法中, 我们所支持的观点为电影电视是利大于弊的。 前两个理由我们先正向抛出两个论点说明为什么它们对青年人的影响利大于弊, 最后一个分论点我们写让步段, 先承认它们的确有可能对青年人行为产生错误的引导, 但是其后又对这些错误影响做一些弥补, 因为有负面影响的节目只是整个电影市场的一小部分,不能够以偏概全,断章取义。 2.A+A-B 我们介绍的第二种写法是, 先用两个正向的论点支持 A , 再用一个论点去反对B ,最终得出 A 更适合的结果。 Topic :Some people argue that the government should not spend money on public services and facilities, but on arts. 有一部分人认为政府应该花更多的钱在公共服务和基础设施上,而非艺术上。 Public facilities, widely accepted as the main foundation to a city’ s development, should be one of the highest priorities. In addition to social benefits, ther e are a great number of economic merits that …
托福独立写作高分开头写作方法 好的开端等于成功的一半，所以托福写作如果能写好开头，你的作文也能奠定下高分的基础。今天和大家分享托福独立写作高分开头写作方法,希望能帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。 托福独立写作高分开头写作方法 一.先根据话题铺设背景 在独立写作的背景铺垫中，首先我们需要明晰独立写作常考的15个topic，其中包括education，technology，sports等。在审题、理解题意之后，可以适当定位关键词进行文题分析和头脑风暴，进行社会背景定位。 示范：Increasingly，under the backdrop of the fierce social competition and the need for searching for individual growth，people especially employees show great concern to their career development. 二.确定观点 此步骤一定不要直接抄写原题。结合第一句的背景铺垫，可适当改写题目，引出有争议性的argument。 三.表明自己针对话题的立场
立场是开头段最为重要且核心的句子，其作用是表明了考生对这一论题的态度，且后面内容的陈述也是建立在这一立场基础上进行论证、分析;立场表明时，尽量用自己的语言进行表述最佳。 四.结尾句启下 过渡句的作用是承上启下，承接开头段内容的同时，以一种自然流畅的方式简要引出下文，从而加强*的逻辑关系;也可以适当提及中间段会涉及的论点，进行实际内容的铺垫。建议大家多进行练习和范文积累，一定可以总结出不同的过渡句写作方式。 示范：… with several reasons t o exemplify. 托福独立写作是托福写作的重点，而开头段对于独立作文整体评分影响颇大，所以小站君建议大家认真学习上文中关于开头段的写作方法，并运用起来，写出漂亮的开头。 托福写作解析：take more exercise 托福写作解析： If there’s a way to improve yourself, which one among the three choices you would take? 1. take more exercise 2. eat more healthy food
托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏（１） Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice? As knowledge and experience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others ’ widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative. Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group ’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village. Asking others’ advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other. Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrasedfrom John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do. 托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(2) Case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative. Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others' advice contribute greatly
智课网托福备考资料 托福写作提分技巧【语法篇】 托福写作要短期快速提分有一些小技巧是很好用的,应为很多托福考生对托福考试一直存在理解误区,只要走出误区,就会发现自己的写作成绩提升很快!了解更多考试资讯:400-077-0188. 今天我想说的就是帮助考友们可以在最短的时间内提升自己的分数,而这些小技巧之所以好用,绝大多数都是因为我们对托福考试的误区所造成的,因此只要走出这些误区,那么我们马上就能发现自己的分数有很大的提升。当然,我还必须说一句,就是有的人是认识的问题,也就是对托福考试的认识的问题,而大多数人的问题都是在能力上,而不是认识上,因此小伙伴们千万不要舍本逐末! 今天,老师要讲的这个暗爽提分小技巧,其实非常简单,就是语法! 很多小伙伴也许,不屑一顾,我也知道我语法不好,但是没有办法啊。其实,并不是这样的。要知道,很多小伙伴在准备托福作文的时候,第一在意的并不是语法,而是能不能写完作文,很多小伙伴都把自己的精力,花在如何套用各种各样模板或者句型上。这才是很多小伙伴在准备托福考试的时候,尤其是一开始的时候,最为在意的事情!其实当你这么做的时候,重点就错了! 其实对于写完作文这件事情,ETS并不是那么在意,要知道,有很多小伙伴没有写最后一段,或者最后一句话没写完,也是有28、29分的!而且,哪怕他们写完,作文也不
会到30分,满分。之所以会出现这种情况,就是因为,其实ETS的评分看的是你作文整体所体现出来的整体水平,这才是ETS最关心的!这里所谓的整体水平,就包括你 的遣词造句,包括你的例子是否可以很好地支持你的观点,这些内容才是ETS的加分点,至于很多人所关心的,写完一篇作文到底能打多少分?其实ET S并不能给出答案,因为不管你写的是300字,还是700字,只要写的好,分数就好,写的不好,800字的分数也仍然会很低。 是的,ETS不关心你写没写完! 反过来,ETS这位姑娘关心什么?ETS关心你是否品行正直,也就是关心你是否有语法错误。ETS关心你写的是否地道,也就是关心你是否能力拔群!这才是ETS最关心的!因此,你只要写的作文没有语法错 误,那么你的分数基本上就不会低于20分。要知道,如果每科都平均20分的话,那么你就已经有80分了哦! 那么语法错误到底怎么改?只要点破了,其实很简单,而且时间还很短。就是两点:第一,找人修改;第二,把错误的点总结,而且记下来,下次不要再犯错。 很多人总觉得,我学了这么多年英语,都没学好语法,语法怎能是几天就搞定的? 其实,我们常见的语法错误,也就是主谓一致,介词不能跟动词原形,等少数的几个问题,只要硬着头皮写3-5篇作文,就全都能暴露出来!一定要记住,写完一篇,就找人 改一篇,然后总结错误的内容,然后再写一篇,再找人改一篇,再总结错误的内容,保证在下一篇作文之中尽量不犯同样的错误,不怕写得慢,就怕犯同样的错误。只要这样,写过5篇作文,你的绝大多数错误也就都能解决了。如果,能写过10篇的话,而且都 找人改的话,你就应该不会再有什么语法错误了。一切就是这么简单!
托福独立写作开篇段写法 开头1：现象+题目改写+作者观点 现象：提出一种普遍现象或值得关注的现象(紧扣论题)作为背景 例如：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should reward their children with money for the high grades. A: To some extent, scoring high at school might indicate a promising future. Thus, grades are commonly accept as a reliable criterion to evaluate the potential in a student. In the unprecedentedly competitive society today, most parents are having high ambitions for their children. In order to realize these glamorous expectations, they would spare no cost. A number of parents choose to reward their children with money if they manage to achieve high marks. As far as I am concerned, there are more defects than merits lying in such a measure. 例如：Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. A: In today’s increasingly vigorous job market, two-way selection has become a most typical mode of employment. Both job hunters and employing units are facing equal chances of mutual-assessment. Such a hiring mode marks the noticeable progress of modern economy. Blessed with a large source of job offers, candidates have the freedom to decide which employer suits them best. Some prefer to work for small companies, while others are in favor of larger ones. If I were a job hunter, I would definitely choose a large enterprise. 开头2：事例+背景+题目改写+作者论点 事例：1. 媒体(电视，电台，报纸，杂志和网络)的报道 2. 自己，朋友，邻居，同事的事例 例如：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past, people were friendlier than they are today. A: In my childhood, my grandma used to tell me many stories about their “good old days”. They have all been etched deep in my mind. I could never forget them, even down to the smallest details. Those stories illustrated that the relationships between people at that time seemed to be purer and closer. As time goes by, society has undergone dramatic changes and so have people’s feelings towards each other. Realizing this, I have gradually accepted the reality of these changes. Indeed, people in the past were friendlier than people are now. 新通教育