可数名词和不可数名词的用法
▲(1) 名词可分为_________________________ 和______________________________
▲(2) 可数名词能以数目来计算，可数名词有单数形式和______________________。
●可数名词单数形式前面可以用不定冠词a或an修饰。如：
1 一个男孩_____________________
2 一支钢笔_____________________________
3 一个苹果_____________________
4 一名工程师___________________________
●复数名词前可用some (一些)，many（许多的）, a lot of / lots of（许多的）, a few （几个），few(几乎
没有，很少)，how many (多少) 等修饰。如：
5 一些书________________________
6 很多车_____________________________
7 很多植物______________________ 8 几个鸡蛋_____________________________
9 There are many different _______________________ (plant) on Earth.
10 There are some ______________________ (box) in the room.
11 I have a few ______________________ (friend) here.
12 There are thirty-eight _________________________ (student) in our class.
13 There are seven ___________________ (day) in a week.
14 She has few ____________________ (friend) there.
▲(3) 可数名词的单数变为复数形式的规则
1. 一般在词尾直接加--s。如：cat _________ bag ________ day __________
2. 以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加– es。如：
class __________ watch __________ box _______ dish(餐具) _________
3. 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的词，先变y 为i，再加—es 。如：
city __________ story ________________ party ______________
＊注意：day __________ monkey (猴子)______________ boy _______________
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的词，先变f 或fe 为v，再加–es。如：
leaf (树叶) _________ knife ________________ life __________
5. 部分以辅音字母+ o结尾的名词加—es。如：
potato (马铃薯) ___________ tomato (西红柿) __________
negro(黑人) ____________ hero(英雄) __________
Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes. 黑人英雄喜欢吃马铃薯和西红柿。
▲(4) 名词单数变为复数的不规则变化
1. man ____________ woman ________________ policeman ____________
＊注意：German (德国人) _________________ American (美国人) _______________
2. foot(脚) _______________ tooth (牙齿) _____________
3. sheep (绵羊) ________________ deer (鹿) ________________
Chinese (中国人) ________________ Japanese (日本人) _____________
4. child(小孩) _________________ mouse(老鼠) _________________
▲(5) 有些名词本身就是复数形式，所以作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
●people 人，人们clothes 衣服glasses 眼镜
1 There are five ___________________ (people) in my family.
2 The clothes on the bed ______________ (be) Anna’s.
3 How many people ___________ (be) there in your family?
4 These glasses ____________ (be) new.
▲(6) 不可数名词，不能以数目来计算，一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式。
●不可数名词可以用much (很多)，a lot of / lots of (很多)，some (一些)，how much (多少)，
a little (一点)，little (几乎没有) 等来修饰。如：
1. ___________________________ 一点牛奶
2. __________________________ 很多水
3. ___________________________ 一些面包
4. __________________________ 很多作业
5. How much _________________ (rice) would you like ？
6. There is some ___________________ (food ) in the fridge(冰箱).
7. Today I have a lot of ____________________ (work) to do.
8. There is a little ____________________ (orange) in the bottle.
●常用的不可数名词：
water（水）, air（空气）, tea（茶）, meat（肉）, milk（牛奶）,
rice（米饭）, bread（面包）, paper（纸）, food（食物, pork（猪肉）,
beef（牛肉）, orange（橙汁）, energy（能源）hair （头发）news（新闻，消息）, coffee（咖啡）, weather（天气）, w ork,（工作）time（时间）, light（光）
money（钱）, homework 作业housework 家务rubbish （垃圾）pollution（污染）
grass（草，青草）等
▲(7) 不可数名词数量的表达：数词/ a ,an / many 等+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词
1. ____________________________ 一杯牛奶
2. ____________________________ 两碗(bowl)米饭
3. ____________________________ 一瓶橙汁
4. ____________________________ 五片(piece)面包
5. _____________________________ 一杯茶
6. ____________________________ 三张纸
▲(8) 下列这些词可以修饰复数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词
●some（一些），any（一些），a lot of / lots of （许多的）
1 一些牛奶_______________________
2 一些香蕉________________________
3 很多垃圾________________________
4 很多花__________________________
5 Today there is a lot of ________________________ (pollution).
6 There are a lot of ____________________ (student) on the playground.
7 There isn’t any __________________ (water) in the cup.
8 There aren’t any ____________________ (apple) in the box.
9 I have some ______________ (tea). She has some __________________ (cake).
▲(9) 用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1.The students visited Uncle Sam’s farm(农场）last Sunday and saw a lot of___________ (sheep) there.
2.There are two _____________________(German) in our school this year.
3.Sam wants to help his parents, so he does a lot of __________________ (work).
4.__________________ ( child) usually enjoy having ice creams.
5.We walk with(用) our _________________(foot). I brush my ______________ (tooth) twice a week.
6.We have few __________________ (friend) there.
7.How many _________________ (box) of oranges do you want to buy?
8.---What’s in the box? --- A few _____________________ (apple) and some ________________ (coffee).
9.I have two ____________________ (knife).
10.Now many _______________________ (family) have cars.
11.We burn things to make ______________________ (energy).
12.People throw away lots of _______________________ (rubbish) every day.
There be 句型
▲(1) there be 句型表示“在某处有某物/某人”或“某时有某物”。
1 地球上有很多污染。________________________ a lot of pollution _______________________ .
2 杯里有一些牛奶。______________________ some milk ________ the cup.
3 我家有5个人。_________________________ five people ___________ my family.
4 课室里有10个学生。________________________ ten students __________ the classroom.
▲(2) there be 句型结构
●肯定句：(1) There is + a/an + 单数名词+ 介词短语
(2) There is + some / a little / little /much/lots of … + 不可数名词+ 介词短语
(3) There are + ( some, many, lots of …) + 复数名词+ 介词短语
1 桌子上有一本书。_____________________________ book __________ the desk.
2 箱子里有一个苹果。____________________________ apple ________ the box.
3 杯里有一些茶。______________________________ tea _________ the cup.
4 房里有两张桌子。___________________________ two tables __________ the room.
5 地球上有很多不同的植物。__________________________ many different ______________ on Earth.
6 课室里有一些花。_________________________ some ___________________ the classroom.
●否定句：(1) There is + not + a/an + 单数名词+ 介词短语
(2) There is + not +any … + 不可数名词+ 介词短语
(3) There are + not + any … + 复数名词+ 介词短语
注意：is not = isn’t are not = aren’t
把下列句子变为否定句
7 There is a book on the table. There ___________ a book on the table.
8 There is some water in the cup. There _____________ ____________ water in the cup.
9 There are some apples in the bag. There _______________ _____________ apples in the bag.
10 There are some eggs in the box. There _______________ _____________ eggs in the box.
●一般疑问句：
(1) Is there + a/an + 单数名词+ 介词短语？Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
(2) Is there + any + 不可数名词+ 介词短语？Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
(3) Are there + any + 复数名词+ 介词短语? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
把下列句子变为一般疑问句，然后回答
11 There is a glass of water on the table.
____________ __________ a glass of water on the table ? Yes, ____________________.
12 There is some milk in the bottle.
__________ there _______________ milk in the bottle ? No, _____________________ .
13 There are five apples in the bag.
________________ _____________ five apples in the bag ? Yes, ______________________.
14 There are some books in the room.
_________ there ________________ books in the room? No, _______________________ .
●特殊疑问句：
How many + 复数名词+ are there + 介词短语？
There is only one.
There are ….
15 桌子上有多少本书？只有一本书。
__________________________ books __________________________ on the desk? _____________________ only one.
16 你们班有多少个学生？40个学生。
______________________ students _____________________ in your class?
_______________________ forty students in our class.
17 There are five people in my family. (对划线部分提问)
________________________ people _______________________ in your family ?
18 There are six apples in the box. (对划线部分提问)
_________________________ apples _______________________ in the box ?
▲(3) 注意下列句子：
1 桌子上有一杯牛奶、两个鸡蛋、三个苹果。
________________________ a glass of milk, two eggs and three apples on the table.
2 桌子上有三个苹果、一杯牛奶。
_______________________ three apples and a glass of milk on the table.
3 There ___________ (be) a pear, an egg and two cakes on the table .
4 There _____________ (be) two cakes , a pear and an egg on the table.
▲(4) There be 句型与have/has 的区别:
●“there is/are…”结构强调“存在关系”，常用来表示“在某处有某物/某人”
“have/has”强调所属关系，表示“某人拥有某物”
There be 句型表示“在某处有某物/某人”，而have/has 表示“拥有”、“所有”，两者不能同时使用。如：
1 树下有两辆车。__________________________ two cars under the tree.
2 我有两辆车。___________________________ two cars.
3 桌子上有三本书。________________________ three books on the desk.
4 他有三本书。__________________________ three books.
5 There _______ some bananas in the bag . A. is B. are C. have D. has
6 There _______ a cup of tea on the table . A. is B. are C. have D. has
7 There _______ some coffee in the bottle . A. is B. are C. have D. has
▲(5) 用there be 的适当形式填空。
1._____________________ a desk in the room.
2._________________________ some people in the room.
3._________________________ some water in the glass.
4.---________________________ a pen on the desk? ---Yes, ____________________.
5.---_________________________ any bananas in the basket? ---No, __________________ .
6.---How many students _________________________ in your class ? ---____________________ fifty.
7.---What’s in the bottle? ---________________________ some milk.
8.---What’s in the box ? ---__________________________ some eggs.
9.________________________ a pear, an apple and two bananas on the table.
10._________________________ two books, a pen and a pencil on the desk.
▲(6) 根据文段内容，用单词的适当形式填空。( A )
Hello, my name is David and I 1_______________ (live) in a beautiful village. There 2__________ (be) many trees and flowers and the air 3___________ (be) fresh. There is 4________ small river behind my house. The water 5___________ (be) clean. I usually catch fish in the river with my 6________________ (friend) on weekends.
There 7__________ (be) a park near my home. In the park, many children often 8_____________ (play) games after school. There 9____________ (be) a boy and three girls under the apple tree and they often practise singing together. In the centre of the park, there is 10______________ old tree. Every morning, I go there and hear birds singing in the tree.
1live 2are 3is 4a 5is 6friends 7is 8play 9is 10an
( B )
Mike is 1________ Englishman. He lives in a tall building in the city London. There 2__________ (be) eighteen floors in the building and he lives on the fifteenth floor. He 3____________ (use) a lift(电梯) to go up and down. He works very hard. He goes to work early. Every day he leaves 4____________ (he) home and walks to the lift. He goes into the lift. It 5_________________ (take) him down to the first floor. He gets out of the lift. Then he walks to a bus stop. The bus stop 6__________ (be) in front of a station. It is about two hundred metres from his home. He 7________________ (usual) catches the No. 11 bus to work, 8___________ sometimes he goes by bike. He works in a factory about ten kilometres from his home. His work starts at half past eight, and 9________ (finish) at 4:45 p.m. He gets back home 10________ 5:30 p.m.
1an 2are 3uses 4his 5takes 6is 7usually 8but 9finishes 10at
( C )
Dear Betty,
I am an 1___________________ (America) schoolboy. My name is John White. I am twelve. I have two brothers. My brothers and I 2____________ (be) all at school. We go to school 3_______________ Monday to Friday. We don’t have any 4___________________ (class) on Saturdays or Sundays. My father and mother are
5____________________ (teach). They say that China is great, and that Chinese people are very 6____________ (friend). I want 7___________________ (travel) around China. I think it will be very interesting, won’t it? I like
8__________________ (read) books. Now I am reading 9_______ book of Chinese stories. They are very interesting. My brothers and I like playing football and basketball. What do you like to do?
Let’s 10___________ (be) friends. Please write soon.
Yours
John White
1an 2are 3from 4classes 5teachers 6friendly 7to travel 8reading 9a 10be
( D )
Air pollution is 1_______ big problem. It is bad for all the living things 2________ Earth, and it is not the only one kind of 3__________________ (pollute). Water pollution 4___________________ (make) fish death(死的) and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes 5____________ (we) get angry more easily(容易地). Many 6__________________ (country) are making rules(规则) to fight against pollution. They try to stop people from 7___________________ (burn) coal(煤炭) in the city and releasing(排放) dirty smoke into the air. And if people use fewer(更少) cars, the air will get better.
The Earth is 8_____________ (we) home. We must 9__________________ (protect) it and not destroy(破坏) it. That is to say, we should keep the land, water and air clean. At the same time (同时), we had better (最好) plant more trees and they can provide us 10_____________ a lot of things and make our Earth beautiful.
1a 2on 3pollution 4makes 5us 6countries 7burning 8our 9protect 10with
专题一名词 主要考查三个方面： 1、联系上下文，考查同义词、近义词辨析； 2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词 组的意义和用法； 3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。 ◆名词的数 规则名词的复数形式
可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
常见的不可数名词
不可数名词的量化 a block of一块； a bottle of一瓶 a group of一群； a pile of一堆 a pair of一组/双/对； a piece of一片/张/块既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词
【2016 广东】 The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles 【2016广西来宾】
—There are many ____ about this farm. —Yes, lots of ____ are planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes 1. Help yourself to some_______. There are lots of vitamins in them. A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. potatos you take a plane, you cannot take ______ onto the plane with you. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. a knives 3. The _______ have caught the two_______ already. A. policeman; thief B. policemen; thiefs C. policemen; thieves D. policeman; thieves 【2016重庆】It’s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A. boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’ 【2015攀枝花】All the are from ． A. men doctors; Germany B. men doctors; German C. man doctors; Germany D. man doctor; German 【2015广安】 —How many can you see in the picture —Two． A. dog B. child C. sheeps D. sheep 【2015天河】
T h e r e?b e?句型用法归纳 一、1.?定义：There?be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。? 2.?结构：(1)?There?is?+?单数可数名词????? ?? ?(2)?There?are?+?复数可数名词? 动词要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。 ?eg. ?①?There?is?a?bird?in?the?tree.???树上有一只鸟。 ②?There are?two birds?in?the?tree. ?树上有两只鸟。 4.当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。（就 近原则） ?①?There?is?a?teacher?and?many?students?in?our?classroom.??我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。（就近原则） ②??There?are?many?students?and?a?teacher?in?our?classroom.?我们教室里有许多学生 和一位老师。（就近原则） ?5.?There?be句型与have的区别：? There?be?句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There?be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 eg.?①He?has?two?potatoes.???他有两个儿子。? ??②There?are?two?potatoes under the bed.????床的下面有两个土豆。 二、一般疑问句?? ????There?be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词放到句首（首字母大写），再在句尾加上问号。?? eg.??There?is?a book on the desk. ?→?Is?there?a book on the desk??肯定回答：Yes, there is. /No, there isn’t. There are two books on the desk. 改成一般疑问句 肯定回答： 否定回答： 三、练习 ??1..用is或are填空? (1).? There?_____?a?book?and?two?pens?on?the?desk.?? (2).? There?____?some?water in?the?picture.?? (3).? There ?_____?some?cards?in?Jim’s?bag.? (4).? There _____?an eraser in the pencil box. (5).? There?_____?one?pupil in?our?school. ?(6).? There?_____ three footballs and a cap on the chair. 2.把下列的句子改成一般疑问句并作回答。 1. There is an orange in the box. are four hamburgers on the floor. is one strawberry and twelve pears under the chair. 七、阅读理解，选择正确答案（每空2?分，共8分） ?Lucy?is?my?friend.?She?lives?in?a?small?house?near?a?park?in?Canada.?I?am?ten,?L ucy?is?ten?,?too.?Lucy?tell?me?more?about?Canada.?I?know?Canada?is?such?a?big?coun try.?So?I?want?to?learn?English.?And?I?tell?Lucy?more?about?China.?Lucy?likes?China?
There be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法 There be句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊结构的复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型结构的试题。 例如： Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon．（CET-4，1998．6-43） A）there to be a chance B）there being a chance C）there be a chance D）being a chance 该题的答案为B）。 动词 dream of 要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词of后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being a chance意为"有一个机会"；A）和C）两项均不符合句子结构的要求，所以不是答案选项，而D）项 being a chance 虽然是 V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能雪 又如： No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day．（CET-4，2001．1-66） A）there be B）there would be C）there was D）there being 该题的答案为D）。介词 about 后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being（a lecture）意为"有（一个讲座）"，而A）、B）和C）项内容均不符合结构要求，故不能雪 再如： It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．（CET-4，1995．1） 该句子中出现了for there to be 的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；但是，实际上此结构没有错，此处只能够用 for there to be，而不能用 there being。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题：there be 句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将 there be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总结如下，供读者参考。 一、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。 例如： There must be something wrong here． There might still be some vacant seats in the rear． There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking． 二、there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to be，happen to be，seem（to be）， occur等代替，用来描写事物。例如： ] There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for． There happened to be nobody in the room． There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team ． There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are． There have occurred many great changes since we met last． 三、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示"静止、存在、有"。例如： There lives a family of five in the village． There remains nothing more to be done． There stands the Monument to the People’s Heroes at the center of the Tian’anmen Square． There exist different opinions on this question． 四、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用来表示"突然出现"。例如：
名词 第一节可数名词 一、可数名词的分类 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部分。其中，可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，他们通常有单数和复数的形式。 单数通常用a,an或者是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：a desk, an apple, one boy. 二、可数名词的变化规则 1、直接在单词的后面加-s. photo---photos book---books egg---eggs student---students pen---pens village---villages building---buildings cloud---clouds flower---flowers hand---hands map---maps girl---girls 2、如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾，通常要在单词后面加-es. bus---buses class---classes box---box dress---dresses peach---peaches watch---watches fish---fishes 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音 字母，则直接加上-s. family---families story---stories baby---babies day---days toy---toys boy---boys 4、以f,fe结尾的单词，要把f,fe变为v，再加-es. knife---knives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves 5、以o结尾的单词一般加-s构成复数，但是potato, tomato,hero等词要加-es构 成复数。 radio---radios photo---photos piano---pianos zoo---zoos studio---studios potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes hero---heroes 6、一些特殊的不规则名词的复数。 goose---geese foot---feet tooth---teeth woman---women man---men sheep---sheep fish---fish deer---deer people---people child---children ox---oxen mouse---mice
一、There be 句型 1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2. 结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语. There be结构中的动词be的确定 1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如: There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。 2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如: There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。 另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提置句首。如: In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。 二、 There be 结构的句型转换 1. 否定句: there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起,is not=is n’t are not=are n’t)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如:
There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any children in the picture. 2.一般疑问句及其回答:把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可(句中的some一样要改为any)。其肯定回答是Yes, there is / are;否定回答为No, there isn't / aren't。如: -Are there two cats in the tree? -Yes, there are. (No, there aren't.) 3. 特殊疑问句及其回答:①提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用"what is + 地点介词短语?"(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。如: There are some birds in the tree. →What's in the tree? ②就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时,句型用"where is / are + 主语?"如: There is a car in the street. →Where is the car? ③提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为"how many + 复数名词+ are there + 其它?"(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。如: The re is a cat under the bed. →How many cats are there under the bed? 三、There be句型与have、has的区别： (1) There be 句型和have, has都表示“有”的含
可数名词和不可数名词讲解 （一）定义：1可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数 形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。 2.不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情 或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an 。 可数名词用法讲解: 可数名词有单复数之分。㈠单数可数名词 1.单数可数名词一般不会单独出现，前面通常要有限定词。 例如：She is friend(friend 前面加上my.) I have pen.(pen前面加上a) I like boy.(boy前面加上this) 限定词通常有三类。⑴冠词。经常用不定冠词 a、an。⑵形容词性物主代词。⑶指 示代词this、that 。this、that可用the代替。 2.单数可数名词做主语看作第三人称单数，谓语动词使用三单（单数）形式。 My father is (be) very tall. His brother likes (like) playing basketball.㈡可数名词的复数形式。 1．单数变复数规则变化 a. 一般情况下，直接加-s.如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b.以s、x、ch、sh和部分0结尾的加es c. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries d. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives e. 以o结尾，通常 加 s.初中范围只有这四个词Negro hero potato potato 这四个词加es 如tomato -potatoes. tomato-tomatoes巧记黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯这四个词加es 不规则变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese. 3．什么时候使用可数名词的复数形式？ a.数词大于1，可数名词用复数。 b.可数名词前有Some/any、these/those 、a lot of/lots of、 many、How many、 a few 修饰时，可数名词用复数。 Some/any+可复 a lot of/lots of+可复 Many+可复 How many+ 可复 A few+可复 c.复数名词表示泛指是可数名词使用复数形式。 I like apples Grapes are my favourite fruit. 4.对可数名词数量提问使用how many ㈢不可数名词 1. 不可数没有复数。不可数名词不能直接和a/an、数词连用。若要表 示它的个体意义时，一般要与一个名词短语连用，即a/an /数词 +量词单数/复数+of+不可 数名词。 A cup of tea two cups of tea 注意数词大于一，量词用复数。 a/an / 数词+量词单数/复数+of+不可数名词做主语时，它的数由量词的数决定。如 The cup of tea is (be) hot. Two cups of tea are (be) on the table. 2. 单个的不可数名词做 主语看作第三人称单数，谓语动词使用三单形式。 The meat smells (smell) delicious. The water is on the table. 3. 常用来修饰不可数名词的词 Some/any、 a lot of/lots
There be 句型用法总结 There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”there 作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词be和 主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be + 名词+ 地点（时间）这一句型。例如： There is a great Italian deli across the street. 穿过街道，有一家大的意大利熟食店。There are some students in the dormitory. 在宿舍里有一些学生。 一、There be 结构中的主谓一致 1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be 应该取单数is；当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。 There's a man at the door.门口有个人。 There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些苹果汁。 There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。 2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。 There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。 二、There be 结构中的时态 1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 There is no harm in trying.不妨一试。 There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有极美的野花。There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。 There have been several private schools in our area this year. 今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。 2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 There may be a cigarette in that box. 那只盒子里或许有支香烟。 There must be some cakes on the table. 桌子上一定有些蛋糕。 There used to be a hospital there before the war. 战前，那里曾经有家医院。 3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to …. There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。 There is gong to be a meeting tonight. 今天晚上有个会议。 There is likely to be a storm 可能有一场暴雨。 There happened to be a bus nearby. 碰巧附近有辆公交车。 There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎发生了一起严重事故。 4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外，还可以用其它动词。例如： There came a scent of lime-blossom. 飘来一阵菩提树的花香。 Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 从前中国有一个国王。
There be句型用法归纳 、1.定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人 2. 结构：⑴There is +单数可数名词 （2） There are +复数可数名词 3. be动词要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。 eg. ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ② There are two birds in the tree. 树上有两只鸟。 4. 当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。 （就近原则） ①There is a teacher and manystudents in our classroom. 我们教室里有一 位老师和许多学生。（就近原则） ②There are manystudents and a teacher in our classroom.我们教室里有许多学 生和一位老师。（就近原则） 5. There be句型与have的区别： There be句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人” ；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。eg.①Hehastwo potatoes. 他有两个儿子。 ②There are two potatoes under the bed. 床的下面有两个土豆。 二、一般疑问句 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词放到句首（首字母大写），再在句尾加上问号。 eg. There is a book on the desk. f Is there a book on the desk? 肯定回答：Yes, there is. /No, there isn '. There are two books on the desk. 改成一般疑问句 ______________________________ 肯定回答： _____________________ 否定回答： ___________________ 三、练习
寒假专题二：名词数的表达 二. 重点、难点： 语法详解：不可数名词及可数名词数的表达 三. 具体内容： 重难点解析： 英语表达数目和数量的特别方法 不可数名词没有表示复数的“—s”标志，因此前面不可有数目字，只可以有数量词。例如我们可以说①，不可以说②： ①There is not much furniture（家具）in the office. ②There are not many furnitures in the office. 这是不是说不可数名词就不可数呢？不然。相反的，不可数名词也是可数的，主要方法是借助单位词（unit word），如： a piece of，a cup of，a drop of，a lump of，a handful of，a flash of，a blade of，a head of，a bar of，an ear of等。 如果数目超过“一”，就以确实数目取代“一”。例如： two pieces of，three cups of 和five lumps of 等。 现在试试把上述这类单位词和适当的不可数名词连用。 ①Mr. Li has just bought a piece of new furniture. ②Give me a cup of cold water，please. ③Please put two lumps of sugar in my coffee. ④The boy picked up two handfuls of sand from the beach. ⑤We saw a flash of lightning in the sky. ⑥The gardener pulled out blades of wild grass from the garden. ⑦She gave bars of chocolate to the visiting children. 有些名词如scissors，trousers，spectacles，tongs，pliers 等，都以复数形式出现，如： ⑧The scissors are lying on the table. ⑨The spectacles fit me nicely. 如果要给这些名词表示单数“一”的意思，就要借重单位词了。例如： ⑩Mary has just bought a pair of scissors. 11 The mechanic repaired the machine with a set of pliers. 现代英语注重简洁，合成形容词便应运而生，其中有一种是用来表示数目的，方法是：“数目+名词”，如：a five—year plan，a ten—dollar note，a two—hour meeting，a three —day conference等。 必须注意的是，这种合成形容词中的名词，只能以单数形式出现。如果用复数，就错了，如： a five—years plan，a ten—dollars note，a two—hours meeting，a three—days conference. 这类错误，虽然频率不是很高，但也是要留意才好。 如果没有把握，不妨用完整的表达方式，如： a five—year plan→a plan of five years a ten—dollar note→a note of ten dollars a three—day conference→a conference of three days 等。
T h e r e b e句型用法归纳 1.定义：Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2.Therebe句型结构中的is/are的选择： (1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点/时间状语. (2)Thereare+复数名词+地点/时间状语. there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与某人或某物的数保持一致。当be后是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的第一个名词一致即采用就近原则。 eg.①Thereisabirdinthetree.树上有一只鸟。 ②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom. ③Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree. 3.句式转换： (1)肯定句：Thereis/are+名词/sb.+地点/时间状语 (2)否定句：Thereis/are+not+名词/sb.+地点/时间状语 Therebe句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not即可。例如：Therearesomepicturesonthewall.→Therearen'tanypicturesonthewall.Thereisabikebehindthetree.→Thereisn'tabikebehindthetree. (3)：一般疑问句:Is/Arethere+名词/sb.+地点/时间状语? Therebe句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为"调整法"。 但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧： ThereissomewateronMars.→IsthereanywateronMars? Therearesomefishinthewater.→Arethereanyfishinthewater? (4)：特殊疑问句 Therebe句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下两种变化： ①对名词/sb.提问：用"Who/What+is+介词短语?" 注意：无论原句的名词是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： Therearemanythingsoverthere.→What'soverthere? Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.→Whoisintheroom? ②对地点状语提问：疑问词+is/are+名词/sb.? 例如： Thereisacomputeronthedesk.→Whereisthecomputer? Therearefourchildrenontheplayground.→Wherearethefourchildren? 4.therebe结构的时态 therebe结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：Therewasasportmeetingintheplaygroundyesterday. Therewillbe(=Thereisgoingtobe)anewfilmshowonMonday. Thereistobeaconcertattheschoolhall.学校礼堂有场音乐会。Therehavebeenalotofaccidentsroundhere.这里已经发生多起事故了。Hetoldmethattherehadbeenanargumentbetweenthem.他告诉我们之间发生了一场争论。TherewillhavebeenadefiniteresultbyFriday.到星期五前就已经有明确的结果Theremustbeamistakesomewhere.一定在什么地方有错误。Theremusthavebeenarainlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下了雨，因为地是湿的。 5.therebe结构的变体
There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”，其形式为“There be＋代词或名词(短语)＋地点/时间状语”。(其实质句式为倒装句)这里there是引导词，没有词义，be是谓语动词，代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not；一般疑问句是将be放在句首；反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)＋there”构成。例如： 1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room. (紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk，是单数，故be的形式要用is) 2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句) 3.Is there anything wrong with your ears？(Yes，there is/No，there isn't.) 4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday，was there？(反意疑问句) 除此之外，还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”，要用“There be ＋sb.＋doing sth.＋地点/时间状语”。例如： There are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳。 不难看出，各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。我们在使用过程中，首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义。There be 句型表示“存在”关系，have表示“所属”关系，两者不能混合在一个句子中。 例如：我们要说“明天有一个班会。” (1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×） (2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.(√) 有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时，两种都可以用。 例如：Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(地图为三班学生所有。)
T h e r e b e句型用法归纳标准化文件发布号：（9312-EUATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
There be 句型用法归纳 1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2. There be句型结构中的is/are的选择： (1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点/时间状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点/时间状语. there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与某人或某物的数保持一致。当be后是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的第一个名词一致即采用就近原则。 eg. ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 3.句式转换： (1)肯定句：There is/are +名词/sb. + 地点/时间状语 (2)否定句：There is/are +not +名词/sb. + 地点/时间状语 There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not即可。例如： There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. (3)：一般疑问句: Is / Are there+名词/sb. + 地点/时间状语 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为"调整法"。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将 其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧： There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water (4)：特殊疑问句 There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下两种变化： ①对名词/sb.提问：用"Who/What + is +介词短语 " 注意：无论原句的名词是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There are many things over there. →What's over there There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room ②对地点状语提问：疑问词+ is / are+名词/sb. 例如： There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children 4. there be结构的时态 there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如： There was a sport meeting in the playground yesterday. There will be (=There is going to be) a new film show on Monday. There is to be a concert at the school hall. 学校礼堂有场音乐会。 There have been a lot of accidents round here. 这里已经发生多起事故了。
名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念的词。它有可数名词和不可 数名词之分。可数名词有单复数之分。如:a bag,two bags。而不可数名词,顾名思义,通常没有复数形式,不能在词尾加s 或es 变复数。我们学过的不可数名词有哪些呢?一起来搜索一 下吧! 有:ice, rain, snow, wind, bread, meat, juice, sugar, food, rice, water, coffee, tea, milk, jam, chocolate, fruit, paper, hair 等,这些物质名词都是不可数名词。还有像work （工作）, help （帮助）, love （爱）, hope （希望）, weather （天气）等抽象名词也是不可数名词。 在使用不可数名词时,要注意以下几点: 1. 不可数名词前面不能直接加a / an。如： I like to skate on an ice.（）x I like to skate on the ice.（我喜欢在冰上溜滑。 不可数名词如果要表示一定的数量,可以借助单位词。如： a cube of ice 一方块冰three cups of tea 三杯茶 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭a bar of chocolate 一大块巧克力 2. 不可数名词的词尾不能加s或es变复数。 3. some, any, no, a little, much, a lot of 等词往往可以加在不可数名词的前面,修饰不可数名词。如：
1）1 don ' t want any he我不需要任何帮助。 2)There ' s some milk in the glas玻璃杯里有一些牛奶。