1. happen to & occur to
I happened to meet him on the sidewalk. 我碰巧在人行道上碰到他。
Just then a bright idea occurred to me. 正在那时候，我想到一个妙主意。
2. Given prep.考虑到
Given his age, he did it quite well. 考虑到他的年龄，他做得相当好。
Given their inexperience, they've done their best. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经尽力了
3. for all=even though 尽管，虽然
4. as diverse as多种多样; 形形色色的;
The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and Beijing Opera.
节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。
5. weigh in加入比赛；参加辩论
He weighed in with his ideas.他提出了自己的观点介入争论。
The chairman weighed in with a strong defence of company policy.
主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策
6. prone to有…倾向的
People are more prone to make mistakes when they are tired. 人们疲劳时更容易出差错。This road is prone to accidents. 这条路容易出事故。
7. forbear 忍耐；克制
The wounded boy could not forbear to cry out. 受伤的男孩忍不住哭了。
It is often difficult to forbear from expressing one's opinion. 克制自己不发表意见常常是很难的。
8. reproach myself for Ving 责备；申斥
The manager reproached the new salesgirl for her carelessness.
经理斥责新来的女售货员工作上粗心大意
9. in that light考虑到这一点；从…角度
I have never looked upon the matter in that light.我从未用那种观点来看待这个问题
10. got around to Ving抽出时间来做…,
After a long delay, he got around to writing the letter.
在拖延了很久之后，他才有时间写那封信。
11. penchant for倾向于
She has a penchant for Indian food. 她爱吃印度食物。
12. peculiar adj. 独特的, 特有的; 特殊的;
e.g.
语言是人类所特有的。Language is peculiar to mankind.
他有点古怪。There is something peculiar about him.
identical adj. 同一的, 同样的
意见完全一致。The opinions are identical.
我的意见和他的意见相同。My opinion is identical with his.
13. consistent adj. 一致的, 调和的, 坚固的
He is not consistent in his action. 他的行动前后不一致。
你言行不一。What you say is not consistent with what you do
14.all too实在太/很very
15. alternate v. 交替, 轮流, 改变
（常与with连用）（使）轮流; （与between连用）（使）交替
Night and day alternate. 昼夜交替。
alternated between hope and fear 处于希望与恐惧之中
他的生活似乎很枯燥,就是工作完了睡觉,睡完觉又工作。
His life seems very dull and alternates between work and sleep.
16. given to完全放纵（自己）；沉溺于
gave the day over to merrymaking. 整天纵情于寻欢作乐
finally gave myself over to grief. 最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中
succumb to屈服于
succumb to temptation 抵制不住诱惑
17. harbor v. 窝藏；包庇；心怀，怀有
to harbor evil thoughts 心怀恶意
He harbours a wish to be a world championship. (喻)
他内心怀有当一名世界冠军的愿望。
18. down the road：in the future
19. restrain … from抑制, 制止
He tried to restrain his surprise from being visible.
他尽量不让自己的惊奇表露出来
当我听到人们残酷地对待动物时，我抑制不住愤怒。
I can't restrain my anger when I hear of people being cruel to animals.
1)persist in doing sth.坚持
2)insist on doing sth.坚持
20. accord v.
1). 一致, 给与
We accorded him a hearty welcome. 我们给他热忱的欢迎。
2).（常与with连用）一致；符合
His opinion accorded with mine. 他的意见与我的一致。
3). （常与to连用）根据
Most students study and rest according to schedules. 大多数学生按照时间表作息。
(2) concerning prep. 关于
I spoke to him concerning his behavior. 我和他谈了他的行为。
"Concerning your letter, I am pleased to inform you that you are to receive the order by the end of this week."
关于你的来信,我乐意告诉你,你们将在本周末收到订货
21. generate vt. 产生,创造;发生，产生（热、电）
When coal burns, it generates heat. 煤燃烧时，产生热量。
generate a discussion 造成一场争论
22. constitute 构成：构成…部分或成分；组成
7 days constitute a week 七天构成一星期
23. adherence to
Adherence to the rule of law is a very important principle.
adhere v. 粘附于(to); 坚持; 遵守(to) 依附(to)
adhere to the original plan 坚持原来的计划
她坚持自己的计划要早点动身。She adhered to her plan to leave early.
assert vt. 断言, 声明; 维护, 坚持
assert one's rights 维护自己的权利
assert sth. to be true 断言某事是真实的
assert national independence 维护民族独立
24. be content with 对...满足
He is content with such a small success 他对这样一个小小的成功就感到满足。
I am well content to remain here. 我很愿意留在这里
25. assure vt. 使确信, 使放心，向...保证;
I can assure you of the reliability of the news. 我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。
I assure you (that) there's no danger. 我向你保证没有危险
26. at large （囚犯）在逃；逍遥法外；一般说来；
The soldier reported that a prisoner was at large. 士兵报告说一名囚犯在逃。
Did the people at large approve of the government's policy? 一般老百姓赞成政府的政策吗？
27 at odds with 与…不和，与…争吵
She is at odds with her boss. 她与上司不和
这一行动与他以往的态度大相径庭
This action is greatly at odds with his previous attitude
28. ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险（亦作insure）
We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.
我们可以保证把工作做好。
ensure success [safety, supplies]
保证成功/安全
ensure sb. against/from danger
保护某人免受危险
A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview.
凭一封介绍信准保会接待你。
29. reduce to 减少到,缩小到; 简化
reduce all the questions to one 把所有的问题归纳为一个
be reduced to a shadow 骨瘦如柴
be reduced to despair 陷入绝望
The poor woman is reduced to begging. 那个可怜的女人已沦为乞丐
30. strike a chord with sb引起共鸣
The speaker have obviously strike a chord with his audience. 那位演讲者显然打动了听众。
The book struck a responsive chord with readers. 该书引起了读者心灵的共鸣
31. nowhere near 差得远；远不及
The hall was nowhere near full. 那大厅远未满座.
她告诉你的话绝非事实. What she told you was nowhere near the truth
32. deem 以为；断定；视为；相信；主张
Don't you deem that it is your duty to help? 你不认为助人是你的责任吗?
承蒙您的邀请,我觉得很荣幸. I deem it an honour to accept your invitation.
33. home in on（靠信号、雷达等）导向目标追踪
The missile can home in on its target with pinpoint accuracy.
导弹能非常准确地追击目标。
34. of late 近来，最近
lately recently
He has often been late for school of late. 他近来经常迟到。
The days have been getting colder of late. 最近天气越来越冷
35. obsessive adj.着迷的, 困扰的, 强迫性的
He is obsessive about work – and hates wasting money.
他沉迷于工作——而且痛恨浪费金钱.
She's obsessive about punctuality. 她对守时十分固执
36. dedicated to把(时间、力量等)用在...; 题献
His whole life is dedicated to scientific research. 他毕生致力于科学研究.
His first book was dedicated to his mother. 他的第一本书献给了他的母亲.
我校致力于培养复合型人才。Our school is dedicated to fostering interdisciplinary talents.
37. suspect vt. 怀疑, 猜疑, 疑心
suspect him to be ill 猜想他病了
suspect sb. of a crime 怀疑某人犯罪
We suspect they'll be a little late. 我们揣想他们会晚来一会儿。
doubt vt. 怀疑; 不信; (后接名词从句时, 疑问句和否定句用连词that, 肯定句一般用连接词whether, if, what, when 等, 如肯定句用that, 往往表示非常怀疑)
I doubt that he will come. 我看他不见得会来。
I doubt whether [if] he is at home. 我看他不一定在家。
I doubt what he said. 我不相信他说的话。
38.(1) constant指“始终如一的”、“不变的”、“持续地发生”
the constant beat of heart 有规律的心跳
(2) continuous指“连续不断的”，如：
a continuous voyage 连接不断的航行
(3) continual指“一段时间内多次发生”、或“中断时间很短而又接连发生”，如：
Continual practice is necessary to master English.
要掌握英语必须经常不断地练习。
1) 断断续续下了两天的雨。It has been raining continually for two days. (=frequently or closely repeated)
2) 连续不断地下了两天的雨。
It has been raining continuously for two days.(=without interruption)
3) The speech sounds of all languages are gradually but constantly changing.
各种语言的语音总在不断变迁.
39. wear on（时间）慢慢过去
The hours wore on, the representatives became more anxious.
几个小时过去了，代表们更加厌烦了。
The boys' quarrel wore on all the morning.
男孩们吵了一个上午。
Their endless speaking has been wearing on my nerves all day.
他们不停地说话，使我整天都很烦恼。
（not）least of all尤其是
least of all最不，尤其不
No one is perfect, Least of all me.
没有人是完美的，尤其是我。
China now intends to restore the natural order, and does not need directions from others, least of all Japan.
如今中国想要重建原本的国际秩序，但并不需要其它国家的指点，尤其是日本
40. contaminate vt.弄脏，污染; 引申干扰
Dispose of that nulear waste properly or it will contaminate the groundwater.
必须妥善处理那些核废料,不然就会造成地下水污染.
苍蝇可污染食物。Flies contaminate food.
41. endow vt.资助，捐赠；(with)给予，赋予endow with 努力
She both built and endow ed the hospital.
她不仅建了医院还给医院捐赠资金。
He is endow ed with literary talent. 他有文学天分。
He endowed the hospital with a large fortune. 他捐赠一笔巨款给这家医院
42. vulnerable to易受... 的攻击
But modern humans were more vulnerable to the cold .
但是现代人更容易受到寒冷的攻击。
他是容易受到诱惑的. He is vulnerable to temptation.
43. make contact 引导成功
44. be bent upon sth/Ving 潜心于
He was fully bent upon the project.
She was bent upon getting married before she was 30.
45. disenchanted adj. 不再抱幻想的，不再着迷的，感到幻灭的
I'm increasingly disenchanted with my current job.
He will be disenchanted with her.
46. out of place不合适的, 格格不入的
He felt out of place in their company.
His arty clothes look out of place in the office.
in place适当的；准备就绪
The proposal is not quite in place
47. invent vt.发明，创造；捏造，虚构
Can you tell me who invented the telephone? 你能告诉我是谁发明了电话？
Modern biographers do not invent such stories.
We must invent an excuse for our absence. 编造一个借口
48. expel vt.驱逐, 开除, 排出
The headmaster may expel the boy from the school.
He was expelled from the school. 他被学校开除了
49. consist o f
一星期由七天组成。A week consist of seven days.
constitute
十二个月构成一年。Twelve months constitute one year.
make up of
这个团体是由医生组成的The group was made up of doctors.
compose (1)表示“组成”，用被动语态
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 由组成。
compose (2)表示“构成”，用主动语态。
Many components compose an electronic computer.许多个零件构成了一个电子计算机。
50. lend itself to有助于；适合于lend to 导致
The passage is too difficult and doesn 't lend itself to reading aloud.
这音乐不适宜于跳舞The music doesn't lend itself to dancing.
51. prone to倾向于...
Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions. 有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
He's probably prone to domestic violence. 他也许有家庭暴力的倾向。
52. liable, apt, likely, prone, subject，vulnerable
liable：常接动词不定式或介词to;指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性。
apt：常接动词不定式;指自然的或习惯的倾向。
likely：常接动词不定式;侧重可能性，用于指将来
prone：常接动词不定式或介词to;多用于人，着重其本性，或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等。
subject：subject 与介词to 连用，侧重于“容易遭受”某些不幸的事情。通常是总结出来的规律。
Vulnerable接介词to;侧重指易受到伤害、危险或影响等。
例句
Words with a similar form and a similar meaning are liable to be confused by the students. He is apt to fly in a rage.
粗心的人容易犯错误。 A careless man is apt to make mistakes.
We are prone to think evil of people ... 对于我们不喜欢的人，我们往往不往他们好的方面想。
Japan is subject to earthquakes. 日本很容易遭受地震。
53. stumble upon偶然发现
Perhaps we'll stumble upon a mutually satisfactory solution for price later on.
我在一家旧书店偶然找到这本珍贵的书。I stumble upon the rare book in a second-hand bookstore.
54. inclined adj. 倾向于... 的
Louise is very musically inclined.
He's inclined to be lazy.
He inclined towards the speaker to hear more clearly.
As the twig is bent so the tree is inclined.
从小偷针，长大偷金。
55. distinction n.差别；区分；优秀
We should make a distinction between right and wrong.
He passed the examination with distinction. 他以优异成绩通过考试。
同义词辨析
差别，区别
difference：普通用词
distinction：较正式用词，除指事物在本质上的差别外，还指在某一方面或某一细节上的区分，要在认真观察、研究后才易觉察。
discrepancy：多用于言论和记述方面
discrimination：侧重指在判断、见识方面的差别，也可指待遇上的区别。
There is a nice ______between the two words.
________ on the grounds of sex or race is unlawful.
There was a ___ in the two reports of the accident.
Shall we split the ___ and say $750?
56. vision n.视力, 视觉, 眼光, 洞察力, 想象力
It came within my range of vision.
How do you cope with the problem of poor vision?
We need someone with real vision to lead the party. 我们需要具有真知灼见的人来领导这个党。
57. sustain vt.支持, 承受, 维持, 认可；侧重指连续不断的支持
The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal.
Hope alone sustained him in his struggle.
The foundations were not strong enough to sustain the weight of the house.
这地基不够牢固，无法承受房屋的重量。
The branches could hardly_ B _ the weight of the fruit.
A retain
B sustain
C maintain
D remain
词汇辨析（见补充ppt）
remain 不及物动词留下、保留
retain 及物动词留下、保留
sustain 支撑,常引申出维持生命、生活、发展
maintain 指维持或保持某种状态或水平
(一)remain
1. After his house was burned down in the big fire, very little of his properties remained.
2. His condition remained the same. There has been no significant change ever since his
admission.
(二)retain
3. Since the service is free, the SK communications do not retain financial information of
its users in most cases.
4. Short-term memories are retained only for a few minutes, not permanently stored in
the brain.
(三)sustain
1) Seeing the branches could hardly sustain the weight of the apples, the old man found
some poles with which to support them.
2）She has many bills to pay. It is hard for her to sustain a decent lifestyle on her slim salary.
3) He said that he was confident the company could sustain a relatively high growth rate
of 8 percent.
(四)maintain
4) It is essential that our hospitals and schools should be maintained constantly reliable
electricity supplies.
5) Wages and salaries can hardly be maintained at the present level on account of the increasing competition among firms for trained workers.
58. assure 使确信, 使放心, 保证
ensure 担保, 保证, 使安全,确保
insure 保险, 确保
reassure 使…安心, 再保证, 重拾(信心等)
㈠assure
1. assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示使某人
确信。assure的宾语通常是人或人称代词，所以不能直接搭用that －。其常用结构为：assure sb．of sth。
①He assured us of his ability to solve the problem．
②We booked early to assure ourselves of（getting）good seats．
2. assure后还可跟抽象名词作宾语，此时与ensure同义，表示确保。
Weeks of practice assured ／ensured success in the match．
几个星期的训练确保了在比赛中获得成功。
Nothing can assure permanent peace．
没有什么能确保永久和平。
3. assure在英国英语中作为专业术语，可表示投人寿保险。
to insure ／assure against death投保寿险
life assurance ／insurance人寿保险
㈡ensure
1. ensure的意思是使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证，即确保某事发生。ensure后常用
结构为：
ensure sth．
ensure ＋that －
en-sure ＋obj．（i）＋obj．（d）
To ensure the child…s quick recovery，the doctor gave him an antibiotic．
Registration ensures delivery of mail．
㈢insure
Insure 意思是为防不测向保险公司付钱投保
My house is insured against fire 我的房子保了火险。
His talent and dedication will insure his success. 他的才气和执着将确保他成功。
㈣reassure
reassure 表示安慰忧虑不安的人，使其安心，放心，恢复信心, 常用结构为：
reassure sb．about sth．
reassure sb．＋that-clause
I was worried that my work wasn…t good enough，but the teacher reassured me．
我担心我的作业不够好，可是老师却让我放心。
The captain reassured the passengers about the strength of the ship．
59. justify证明…有理；为…辩护；对…作出解释
Does the end always justify the means?
目的正确就可以不择手段吗？
He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.
They found it hard to justify their son's lowering his colors.
他们难以理解儿子竟然放弃了要求。
词汇辨析
justify, testify, verify, certify
justify指“证明某事是有理的”。
testify常与to连用指“表明”。(在法庭上)宣誓作证；表明
verify指“(用事实)证实或核实”。
certify指“证明，声称是真的”。
He certified it was his wife…s handwriting.
他证明那是他妻子的手迹。
He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.
由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。
I verified the store…s address by calling to check it.
我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。
rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.
他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。
新托福流利口语的基本词汇 Basic Verbs, Prepositions, Articles, Pronouns, etc. 1. come (verb.) Come here! 到这里来！ He will never come to much (= will never be successful). 他将来绝不会很有作为。 【 How did you come to be so foolish 你为什么如此愚蠢 On what page does it come 它在哪一页 2. get (verb.) We can get 15 channels on TV. 我们可以收看到15个频道的电视节目。 Do you get me 你明白我的意思吗 · Ah! I’ve got you there! 啊！这下我可难到你啦。 3. give (verb.) He gave me his cold. 他把感冒传给我。 Sorry to have given you trouble. 对不起，打扰了。 Ladies and gentlemen, I give you our speaker for tonight. 女士们，先生们，让我向诸位介绍今晚的演讲者。 ; 4. go (verb.) Go get a doctor. 去叫医生来！ How goes it with you 你近来情况如何 There are six minutes to go. 还有六分钟。 5. keep (verb.)
. Does your watch keep good time 你的表走得准吗 Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Does your school keep all day 你们学校全天上课吗 6. let (verb.) Let us pray. 让我们祈祷吧。 《 The pair of rubber shoes let (in) water. 这双胶鞋漏水。 The flat lets for 1500 yuan a month. 这套公寓每月租金1500元。 7. make (verb.) Make yourself comfortable. 请随意。 What time do you make it (What do you make the time) 你看现在几点了 $ He made to go. 他要走了。 8. put (verb.) I put a question to him. 我向他提出一个问题。 What a way you have of putting things! 瞧你这人怎么那样说话！ I put her at about 35. 我估计她大概35岁。 } 9. seem (verb.) Be what you seem (to be). 要表里如一。 It seems as if it is going to rain. 看来快下雨了。 I can’t seem to solve it right now. 看来我无法立刻解决它。 10. take (verb.)
UNIT 8 MONEY 1. Mr. Verder never thought that he would become a member of the board of directors (董事会) because of his __________ origin. A. humble B. previous C. critical D. false 2. __________ he told us __________. A. Until; that we understood B. Not until; did we understand C. It was not until; that did we understand D. Not until; then we understood 3. Now Thomson has obtained __________ from his boss to extend the field of his investigation. A. purchase B. insurance C. determination D. permission 4. __________ I had calmed down, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A. For B. Now that C. Lest D. Despite 5. My mother is anxious to hear any information __________ the results of election. A. concerned B. being concerned C. concerning D. having concerned 6. I spent the whole day repairing the car. The work was __________ easy. A. nothing but B. anything but C. something except D. all but 7.They are turned around in a huge machine to get them __________ the forces they will experience in space flight. A. use B. used C. used to D. be used to 8. Barbara __________ in doing it again though she had failed more than a dozen times. A. consisted B. insisted C. persisted D. assisted 9. Very few experts __________ with completely new answers to the world's economic problems. A. come to B. come round C. come on D. come up 10. Conservative (保守的) people tend to __________ traditional ideas. A. stick to B. turn out C. set aside D. take over 11. The development of industry __________ the attitudes of men toward art and architecture. A. effected B. spun C. affected D. instructed 12. My __________ to this problem is quite different from his. A. manner B. approach C. behavior D. means 13. John __________ the results of the election with amazing accuracy. A. examined B. predicted C. overlooked D. governed 14. Disabled people should not be __________ the chances to study in university. A. forbidden B. prevented C. rejected D. denied 15. The Prime Minister refused to __________ on the rumor that he had planned to give up his position. A. relate B. frown C. comment D. catch UNIT 7 CULTURE 1. He left the spot immediately, afraid of being ________ in the car accident. A. connected B. taken C. seated D. involved 2. As the dictionary says, “graciousness” ________ means being polite, kin d and generous. A. literally B. gracefully C. exactly D. constantly 3. He insisted that she ________ improve her oral English by doing a lot of practice. A. could B. would C. might D. should 4. We don't believe that those special kinds of leaves are _______. A. actual B. edible C. ridiculous D. comprehensive 5. She was scared to ________ her father’s wishes. A. go about B. go through C. go against D. go on 6. Many a parent ________ to go through this same painful process. A. have B. has C. are having D. is having 7. ________ the war finally came to an end. A. It was not until 1972 that B. No sooner it was 1972 than C. Hardly it was 1972 that D. Scarcely it was 1972 when 8. He drove to the airport to ________ Mr. Dixon who came to see him from Orillia. A. pick up B. set out C. call for D. tone down 9. It is considerate ________ you to do me a favor at this moment. A. to B. for C. of D. about
1.Can We Know the Universe? - Reflections on a Grain of Salt Carl Sagan Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. Its goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of things - from sub-nuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole. Our intuition is by no means an infallible guide. Our perceptions may be distorted by training and prejudice or merely because of the limitations of our sense organs, which, of course, perceive directly but a small fraction of the phenomena of the world. Even so straightforward a question as whether in the absence of friction a pound of lead falls faster than a grain of fluff was answered incorrectly by Aristotle and almost everyone else before the time of Galileo. Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to challenge old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is. Accordingly, science sometimes requires courage-at the very least, the courage to question the conventional wisdom. But to what extent can we really know the universe around us? Sometimes this question is posed by people who hope the answer will be in the negative, who are fearful of a universe in which everything might one day be known. And sometimes we hear pronouncements from scientists who confidently state that everything worth knowing will soon be known - or even is already known. Let us approach a much more modest question: not whether we can know the universe or the Milky Way Galaxy or a star or a world. Can we know ultimately and in detail, a grain of salt? Consider one microgram of table salt, a speck just barely large enough for someone with keen eyesight to make out without a microscope. In that grain of salt there are about 1016 sodium and chlorine atoms. This is a 1 followed by 16 zeros, 10 million billion atoms. If we wish to know a grain of salt, we must know at least the three-dimensional positions of each of these atoms. (In fact, there is much more to be known - for example, the nature of the forces between the atoms - but we are making only a modest calculation.) Now, is this number more or less than the number of things which the brain can know? How much can the brain know? There are perhaps 1011 neurons in the brain, the circuit elements and switches that are responsible in their electrical and chemical activity for the functioning of our minds. A typical brain neuron has perhaps a thousand little wires, called dendrites, which connect it with its fellows. If, as seems likely, every bit of information in the brain corresponds to one of these connections, the total number of things knowable by the brain is no more than 1014, one hundred trillion. But this number is only one percent of the number of atoms in our speck of salt.
abandon vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃ability n.能力；能耐，本领abnormal a.不正常的；变态的aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船abroad ad.(在)国外；到处absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏absent a.不在场的；缺乏的absolute a.绝对的；纯粹的absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地absorb vt.吸收；使专心abstract a.抽象的n.摘要abundant a.丰富的；大量的abuse vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用academic a.学院的；学术的academy n.私立中学；专科院校accelerate vt.(使)加快；促进acceleration n.加速；加速度accent n.口音，腔调；重音acceptable a.可接受的，合意的acceptance n.接受，验收；承认access n.接近；通道，入口accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件
accident n.意外的；事故 accidental a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随accomplish vt.达到(目的)；完成accord vt.使一致；给予 accordance n.一致；和谐；授予accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着account n.记述；解释；帐目accumulate vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度accurate a.准确的，正确无误的accuse vt.指责；归咎于 accustom vt.使习惯 accustomed a.惯常的；习惯的achieve vt.完成，实现；达到achievement n.完成；成就，成绩 acid n.酸；酸的，酸性的acquaintance n.认识；了解；熟人acquire vt.取得；获得；学到 acre n.英亩(=6.07亩)
精读 apply / ??pla?; ?ˋpla?/ v (pt, pp applied) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for sth) make a formal request 申请; 请求: You should apply immediately, in person or by letter. 你应该立即申请, 亲自去也好, 写信也好. * apply to the publishers for permission to reprint an extract 向出版者请求准予转印节录* apply for a job, post, passport, visa申请工作﹑职位﹑护照﹑签证. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) put or spread sth (onto sth) 贴; 敷; 涂; 搽: apply the ointment sparingly 涂搽少许油膏* apply the glue to both surfaces 两面都涂上胶水* (fig 比喻) I'd never apply the word `readable' to any of his books. 我决不会把他的任何一本书称为是‘可以一读的’. [Tn] make (a law, etc) operate or become effective 使（法律等）实施或生效; 应用; 运 用: apply a law/rule/precept 执行法律[规则/规程] * apply economic sanctions施行经济制裁. [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) be relevant (to sb/sth); have an effect （与某人[某物]）有关; 有 效; 适用: These rules don't always apply. 这些规则并非总能行得通. * What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用於你们当中的一部分人. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) cause (a force, etc) to affect sth 使用（力量等）对某事物 起作用: apply force, pressure, heat, etc 用力﹑压力﹑热力等* apply the brakes hard 用力刹车. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth (to sth/doing sth) concentrate one's thought and energy (on a task) 集中精力（做事）; 专心: You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself (to your work). 你只有真正专心致志（用功）, 考试才能及格. * We must apply our minds to finding a solution. 我们要动动脑筋找出解决的办法来. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) make practical use of sth 运用, 应用某事物: The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology. 这项研究成果能应用於新的技术开发方面. > applied / ??pla?d; ?ˋpla?d/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] used in a practical way; not merely theoretical 应用的; 实用的: applied mathematics, eg as used in engineering 应用数学（如用於工程学中者）* applied linguistics应用语言学. Cf 参看pure 5. deadline / ?dedla?n; ˋd?d?la?n/ n point in time by which sth must be done 截止时间（必须完成某事物的期限）: meet, miss a deadline 如期﹑超过期限* I have a March deadline for the novel, ie It must be finished by March. 我那本小说必须在三月完成. 牛津学生英语搭配词典 deadline noun ADJ.strict, tight
七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。乃书于纸上。毕而卧。凄然入梦。乙酉年七月初七。 -----啸之记。 第一单元 想知道怎样提高你的成绩而又不必花太多的时间去学习吗？听上去是不是好得令人难以置信呢？那就读读看吧…… 怎样改进你的学习习惯 你也许是个智力一般的普通学生。你在学校的学习成绩还不错，可你也许会觉得自己永远也成不了优等生。然而实际情况未必如此。你要是想取得更好的分数，也还是能做到的。是的，即使中等智力水平的学生，在不增加学习负担的情况下，也能成为优等生。其诀窍如下： 1.仔细安排你的时间。把你每周要完成的任务一一列出来，然后制订一张时间表或时间分配图。先把用于吃饭、睡觉、开会、听课等这样一些非花不可的时间填上，然后再选定合适的固定时间用于学习。一定要留出足够的时间来完成正常的阅读和课外的作业。当然，学习不应把作息表上的空余时间全都占去。还得给休息、业余爱好和娱乐活动留出一定的时间，这一点很重要。这张作息表也许解决不了你所有的问题，但是它会使你比较清地了解你是怎样使用你的时间的。 此外，这张表还能让你安排好各种活动，既有足够的时间工作，也有足够的时间娱乐。 2.寻找一个合适的地方学习。选定某个地方作为你的“学习区”。这可以是家里或者学校图书馆里的一张书桌或者一把椅子，但它应该是合适的，而且不该有干扰。在你开始学习时，你应能够全神贯注于你的功课。
3.阅读之前先略读。这就是说，在你仔细阅读一篇文章之前，先把它从头至尾迅速浏览一遍。在预习材料时，你就对它的内容及其结构有了大致的了解。随后在你正式开始阅读时，你就能辩认出不太重要的材料，并且可以略去某些章节不读。略读不仅使你的阅读速度提高一倍，还有助于提高你的理解能力。 4.充分利用课堂上的时间。上课时注意听讲意味着以后少花力气。要坐在能看得见、听得清的地方。要作笔记来帮助自己记住老师讲课的内容。 5.学习要有规律。课后要及早复习笔记。重温课堂上提到的要点，复习你仍然混淆不清的地方，阅读教科书上讲到这些内容的有关章节。如果你知道第二天老师要讲述的内容，那你就要把这部分材料先浏览一下。这样做有助于你听懂下一堂课。如果你定期复习笔记和课本，你就能更深刻地领会这些材料的内容，你的记忆也会保持得更长久。定期复习是提高考试成绩的有效途径。 6.树立正确的考试态度。考试的目的在于显示你掌握某一科目的程度。一次考试不及格，天是不会塌下来的。因此，不必为个别的一次考试而过分担心。不错，考试是要评定分数的，但考试也让你知道自己在哪方面还需要进一步下功夫钻研，另外，考试还有助于你进一步巩固所学到的新知识。还有另外一些能帮助你提高学习效果的方法，这里只提到寥寥几种。你尝试过这几种方法之后，或许还会发现许多别的方法。跟同学们一起聊聊他们的学习方法，让他们分享你所发现的某些行之有效的学习方法。改进学习习惯一定会提高你的学习成绩。 第二单元 65岁的弗朗西斯·奇切斯特打算单独进行一次环球航行，这就是那次冒险的故事。 环球航行 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在独自驾船环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了。他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是在1931年。 好多年过去了，他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经58岁。他周游世界的宿
Glossary lesson 1 academic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年 affection 喜爱 affirm 断言 agenda 日程表 anxiety 焦虑 attitudinal 态度的 baptist bounce 跳跃 capability 能力contribute 贡献 counsel 建议 crisis 危机 definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤 dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生)
encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋 ethical 道德的ethnic evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的 financial 财政的 functional 职务的 genetic 基因的 guilt 内疚 heighten 提高 inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流 interaction 合作 involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊 masculine 男性的 maturity 成熟 mistrust 不信任
newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的 peer 同龄人 perceive 理解 position 工作 prejudiced 偏见 project 规划 rebel 抗议 relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨 role 职责 seminary 学院的separation 分开 sexual 2性的 shrink 缩水 stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的lesson2
Racing takes everything you ' vegot -------- intellectually, (Unit 3 Book IV) (Unit 3 Book IV) Book IV) themselves more persuasive. (Unit 3 Book IV) with enthusiasm as she talked aubt ohow her new teaching method worked in her College English class. (Unit 3 Book IV)The waitress was so that Jane didn (Un 'it 3t tBipohokerI.V) A. cruel B. raw C. rude D. remote 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. A. spiritually B. virtually C. practically D. physically Although the of the building hasn t suffered, the surface is badly damaged. emotionally, and A. structure B. constitution C. section D. conversation She received an increase in pay and it has in her attitude towards work. (Unit 3 Book IV) A. made an indifference B. made a difference C. made a way D. made a subway She appeared very nervous one evening. I asked her what was wrong, and she that she had fallen in love with Phil. (Unit 3 Book IV) A. blurted out B. warmed up C. prepared for D. closed up I looked at Tom 's pictures and found some of them so amusing and funny that I couldn help (Unit 3 Book IV) A. choking B. groaning C. chuckling D. mourning Your goals have to be so you ' ll know when you are making progress(.Unit 3 A. measurable B. immeasurable C. measuring D. measured Salespeople often try to learn about the needs of the buyer to make A. perspective B. respective C. prospective D. inspective We have only five months to make for the trip to the South Pole. (Unit 3 Book IV) A. deadlines B. housework C. remedies D. preparations Prof. Lee 's eyes A. twinkled B. stared C. sparkled D. glared In my senior year I took a at writing a novel, but without much success. (Unit 3 Book IV) A. crush B. clash C. smash D. crack To reduce weight, I am now learning to play golf with my business , who plays like a professional. (Unit 3 Book IV)
大学英语精读第二册课文翻译 (全) UNTH 2-1 It is humorous essay. 这是一篇幽默的文章。 But after reading it you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it. 但是读过之后你将会发现作者写这篇文章的时候是很严肃的。 Ts There Life on Earth? 地球上有生命吗？ Art Buchwald 阿特.布奇沃德 There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week. 金星上本周异常热闹。 For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the plant Earth, 那里的科学家首次成功地将一颗卫星送上了地球， and is has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since. 从此卫星便一直不断地发回信号和照片。 The satellite was directed into an area know as Manhattan 卫星被发射到一个叫曼哈顿的地区(named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. （它是用金星上伟大的天文学家曼哈顿教授的名字命名的, Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago). 两万光年前是他首次用望远镜发现了该地区）。 Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, 由于良好的天气条件以及高质量的信号， Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information 使得金星上的科学家们能够获得宝贵资料as to the feasibility of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth. 有关载人飞碟能否在地球上着陆。 A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology. 一次有关记者招待会在金星理工学院举行。 "We have come to the conclusion, “我们得出以下结论，based on last week's satellite landing," Prof. Zog said, 根据一周进行的卫星地球着陆，”佐格教授说，"that there is no life on Earth." 地球上不存在生命现象。”
UNIT 1 As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier. 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies for Learning English Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort. 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them. 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary. 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, "I am interested in English", but "I am good at French"? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, "learn the news or secret", but "learn of someone's success or arrival"? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives. 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I'm good at French”？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”，而“获悉某
现代大学英语精读2 Unit 1 Accomplishment n. the act of finishing sth. completely and successfully; achievement Acquire v. to gain; to get for oneself by one's own work Arrogantly adv. behaving in a proud and self-important way Art n. art, music, theatre, literature, etc. when you think of them as a group (统称) 艺术; fine ~ 美术 Aspirin n. 阿司匹林（解热镇痛药） Assume v. to take as a fact; to suppose Available adj. able to be used or easily found Average v. to calculate the average of sth. ; ~ out 其平均数为 Beanpole n. (infml) a very tall and thin person Bull n. a male cow Certify v. to state that sth. is true or correct, esp. after some kind of test Civilized adj. educated and refined; having an advanced culture Client n. a person who pays for help or advice from a person or organization Contain v. to have sth. Inside or as part of it Continuity n. the state of being continuous Cyanide n. 氰化物 Democratic adj. based on the idea that everyone should have equal rights and should be involved in making important decisions 民主的 Disaster n. a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering. Here: a complete failure Drugstore n. (AmE) a shop which sells medicine (and a variety of other things) Employ v. (here) to spend time doing sth. Enroll v. to officially arrange to join a school or university Essence n. the most important quality or feature of sth.; in ~ 本质上Expertise n. skill in a particular field Expose v. to enable sb. to see or experience new things or learn about new beliefs, ideas, etc. Faculty n. (AmE) all the teachers of a university or college Fragment n. a small piece of sth. Generate v. to produce Grind v. to crush into small pieces or powder by pressing between hard surfaces Hip n. the fleshy part of either side of the human body above the legs Humanity n. the qualities of being human Implicitly adv. in an implied way 含蓄地 Incompetence n. lack of the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done 无能 Inevitable adj. certain to happen and impossible to avoid Intellect n. power of thought 思维能力 Invent v. to produce or design sth. that has not existed before Literal adj. in the basic meaning of a word