《国际贸易实务》双语课堂案例剖析
Chapter Two and Three
General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction&
Contracts for the International Trade
Case One 案例一
1.Mr. Smith, an American businessman, sold a batch of IBM computers to a Hong Kong importer, Mr. Chen .The sales was concluded in the United States of America on the terms of CIF Hong Kong. During execution of the contract, disputes arose between the seller and the buyer on the form an interpretation of the contract. In such a case, did the law of the USA or the law of Hong Kong apply to the disputes? Why?
Case Two 案例二
2.Mr. Anderson intended to sell a plane to Mr. Johnson. In his cable, Mr. Anderson offered: “Confirm sale of a plane…Please send 5000 pounds by telegraphic transfer.”Mr. Johnson cabled back immediately: “Confirm purchase of your plane, terms and conditions same as your cable.
I've sent the 5000 pounds to your Account Bank who keeps your money on your behalf until delivery of the plane. Please confirm delivery within 30 days from the date of this cable.”Mr. Anderson did not reply and sold the plane to another buyer at a much higher price. Disagreements occurred between the two parties about whether the contract was concluded effectively. In such a case, was the contract concluded? Why?
Case Three 案例三
3. A Chinese export company sent on July 1 an offer to a French trading company ,stipulating for the reply to reach them before July 10. The French trading company cabled its acceptance of the offer on July 8. Because of the delay by the post office, the acceptance did not reach the Chinese company till on the morning of July 11.And before receiving the acceptance, the Chinese company was informed that the prices of the said products were rising rapidly，the seller refused the acceptance immediately.
Question: Was the acceptance effective? Why?
Case Four 案例四
4. A French buyer visited a Chinese trading company to buy some goods in the morning. When Chinese seller offered the price, he didn't say anything. But in the afternoon, the French buyer visited again and accepted the morning's offer. At this moment, Chinese company found the price
of this goods on the international market was rising, so how could the Chinese trading company deal with? Why?
Case Five 案例五
5. Our company made an offer with Italian buyer, which is valid before 10th of this month.
this
11th. At on acceptance the received have we delivery, in late bureau's post the of Because moment, we found the price of these goods on the market was rising, How can we do?
Case Six 案例六
6. Company A made an offer for a farm product to Company B stating: “Packing in sound bags”. Within the validity, Company B replied “Refer to your telex first accepted, packing in new bags”.On receiving the reply, Company A began to purchase the goods for export. Days later, as market price of the commodity was falling, Company B wrote to Company A “No contract is entered between us, as you failed to confirm our changing of the packing requirement.”Company
A argued that Company B's acceptance was effective and the contract was established then. Question:
1)What is your opinion?
2)Give the reason to support your opinion
3)How to prevent such dispute.
Case Seven 案例七
7. In 1996, a certain export company of China sent a group of businessman to the United States for purchase of equipment. In New York, both parties reached an oral agreement on such items as specifications, unit price, and quantity. Upon leaving, the group indicated to the other party that, when they go back to Beijing, they would draw a contract, which would become effective after
being signed by both parties. After going back to Beijing, the group found that the clients
withdrew their import of the equipment, and thus the contract was not signed and the L/C was not opened either. The US side urged the Chinese side to perform the contract; otherwise they would lodge a claim with the Chinese side in the US. Please analyze the case and give an opinion on how
the Chinese export company was to deal with this case and why?
Case Eight 案例八
8. A Chinese export company sent on June 1 an offer to a businessman living in Italy, stipulating for the reply to reach them before June 10. The Italian businessman cabled his acceptance of the offer on June 8. Because of the delay by the post office, the acceptance did not reach the Chinese company till on the morning of June 11. And before receiving the acceptance, the Chinese company was informed that the prices of the said products were rising rapidly. What do you think is the best way for the Chinese company to deal with this case? Why?
Chapter Two and Three
General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction&
Contracts for the International Trade
Analysis: 案例分析
1 The law of the United States of America applies to this contract because: (a) this was a CIF contract; (b) the place of conclusion of the contract was in the USA; (c) the place of the execution of the contract was also in the USA. The seller completed these responsibilities after he delivered the goods at the port of the USA.
2. This contract was not concluded effectively. Item 1 of Article 19 of the CISG indicates, A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection to the offer and constitutes a counter-offer.
In this case, though Mr. Johnson accepted Mr. Anderson's offer, his acceptance contained some additions to and modifications of the offer; for example, Mr. Anderson asked for telegraphic transfer, Mr. Johnson sent the money to the bank to be kept there. According to Item 3 of Article 19 of the CISG, alteration to the mode of payment is material one, thus Mr. Johnson might keep silent and reject the acceptance.
3.According to Item 2 of Article 21 of CISG: “If a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect. In this case, in order to avoid unnecessary loss, the Chinese company should telephone or dispatch immediately a notice informing that the acceptance is ineffective as it is late.
4.中国与法国均系《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》缔约国，洽谈过程中，双方对《公约》均未排除或作出任何保留。因此，双方当事人均应受该《公约》约束。按《公约》规定：对口头要约，须立即接受方能成立合同。据此，我方鉴于市场有趋涨迹象，可以予以拒绝或提高售价继续洽谈。
5. 中国与意大利均系《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》缔约国，该案双方洽谈过程中，均未排除或作出任何保留，因此，双方当事人均应受《公约》约束。我方于11日收到意商的接受电报属因传递延误而造成的逾期接受。因此，如我方不能同意此项交易，应即复电通知对方：我方原发盘已经失效。如我方鉴于其他原因，愿按原发盘达成交易，订立合同，可回电确信，也可不予答复，此时接受即告失效。
6. A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。而B公司对该发盘中包装条款进行了修改，可视为还盘，或新的发盘，B公司发出还盘后A公司表示
接受，B公司发盘约束，但没有明确向B公司未进行回复，虽然它用行动表明受．
此时认为合同未成立。因此，B公司以此为由，拒不履行合同。A公司将陷入被动。
为了避免出现此情况，A公司在收到B公司发盘时，应及时表示接受。
According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or 7.evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be
proved by any means, including witnesses.”Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it won't be bound by Article 11 and its related articles. That is to say, any kind of contracts in China must be evidencing by writing. In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract. This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.
According to Item 2 of Article 21 of CISG: “If a letter or other writing containing a https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb14869534.html,te acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect. In this case, in order to avoid unnecessary loss, the Chinese company should telephone or dispatch immediately a notice informing that the acceptance is ineffective as it is late.
Trade Term
Chapter Four
案例一Case One
on Holland firm Contract a Sale with a 1. A Chinese import and export company concluded
August 5, 2000, selling a batch of certain commodity. The contract was based on CIF Rotterdam at
the compliance with delivered the goods in USD 2500 per metric ton. The Chinese company
contract and obtained a clean on board Bill of Lading. During transportation, however, 100 metric
tons of goods got lost because of rough sea. Upon arrival of the good, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly. The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller. How would you deal with the case?
Case Two 案例二2. A Chinese trading company E concluded a transaction in steel with a Hong Kong company W
on the basis of FOB China Port. Company W immediately resold the steel to Company H in Libya
on the terms of CFR Liberia. The L/C form W required the price term to be FOB China Port and
be to Prepaid”L/C also required “Freight Liberia. the goods to be directly delivered to The indicated on Bill of Lading. Why did Company W perform so? What should we do about it?
案例三Case Three
on German firm Sale Contract with a concluded 3. A Chinese import and export company a
October 5, 2006, selling a batch of certain commodity. The contract was based on CIF Hamburg at USD 2500 per metric
ton; The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean on board B/L. During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly. The the from claimed damages effect the goods and payment and of refused buyer to take delivery seller.
Question: (1) Is the buyer's refusal reasonable? Why?
(2)How should the buyer to deal with the loss?
Case Four 案例四
4．Company A signed a sales contract with a foreign buyer for exporting Tea Sets, under FOB term. At the buyer's request, the seller agreed to charter a vessel at buyer's account. When the date of shipment became due, the seller was still unable to get a vessel for shipment. The buyer not only disagreed to modify the date of shipment, but also cancelled the contract and claimed for loss, because the seller failed to effect shipment within the time stipulated in the contract. Is the seller responsible for failure to effect shipment for his inability to charter a ship?
Case Five 案例五
5. A firm imported a shipment of bed sheets under CIF term. On receiving the goods, the importer found that some of bed sheets were damp during transport. Meanwhile, the seller had negotiated documents, and the importer was requested to make payment for the imports. Whether the buyer should make payment, if the goods are damaged during transport?
Case Six 案例六
6. On FOB term basis, Seller A prepared the goods at the stipulated time, meanwhile , Buyer B informed A of the name of vessel and the date of shipment ,when the goods is lifted to the ship, it fell down on the deck ,so now who shall take responsibility? Seller or Buyer?
Case Seven 案例七
7. A merchant in South America placed an order with a Chinese export company for a certain commodity on CFR Asuncion terms .With a view to develop new markets, the export company immediately made an offer abroad on the basis of CFR Asuncion, and the transaction was soon concluded. When shipping the goods, however, this company came to realize that Asuncion is an inland city. As was the case, if the company had the goods transported to Asuncion, it had to , first of all, have the goods transported by sea to a seaport in Argentina or some other South American neighboring country. After that, the goods might be transport to Asuncion through river transportation or inland transportation. As a result, this company had to pay a considerable sum of freight charges. What can we learn from this case?
Chapter Four Trade Term
Analysis: 案例分析
1. It was not right for the buyer not to take delivery of the goods. In this case, the contract concluded between the seller and the buyer was on CIF terms, according to which, the seller's responsibilities ended when he loaded the goods on board the ship and paid the freight and insurance premium; the risk separation was the side of the ship; that is to say, the risks were transferred to the buyer or the other parties concerned after the seller put the goods on board the ship. Since the documents presented by the seller were right and proper, the seller could directly get paid form the Issuing Bank of the L/C.
However, part of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Does this mean that the buyer suffered loss? It is definitely not the case because there are other two sub-contracts existing on CIF
terms-I/P and Bill of Lading. In this case the buyer could claim damages with the insurance company, but he had to take delivery of the goods. Obviously, the actual reason for the buyer's refusal to accept the goods in this case was that the prices of the goods were going down. This is, certainly, unjustified.
2. In this case the contract was concluded between Company E and Company W on FOB term, according to which the seller (Company E) ended his responsibilities when he delivered the goods on board the ship at the port of shipment. He did not need to
pay for transportation of the goods or the insurance premium. Therefore, it was not right for W to ask E to pay the freight and indicate “Freight Repaid”on the Bill of Lading. The reason why W asked E to do that might be that he wanted to transfer the freight charges to E.
However, in practical dealings, foreign trade companies often come across such situations, especially when a contract is concluded with an agent, who wants to resells the goods. In this case, E might comply with W's request, but he had to indicated that the freight should be borne by W.
3.(1)It was not right for the buyer not to take delivery of the goods. In this case, the contract concluded between the seller and the buyer was on CIF terms, according to which, the seller's responsibilities ended when he loaded the goods on board the ship and paid the freight and insurance premium; the risk separation was the side of the ship; that is to say, the risks were transferred to the buyer or the other parties concerned after the seller put the goods on board the ship. Since the documents presented by the seller were right and proper, the seller could directly get paid form the Issuing Bank of the L/C.
(2)In this case the buyer could claim damages with the insurance company, but he had to take delivery of the goods.
4. 在FOB术语下，作为买方必须负责租船订舱。此案，买方要求卖方代其租船订舱，卖方仅为代办性质，租船产生的法律后果由买方承担。因此，卖方为能租船的责任应该有买方自己承担。买方要求取消合同，赔偿损失的请求是不合理的。
5. 在CIF术语下，货物的风险划分以启运港的船舷为界，当货物越过船舷后，买方就必须承担货物的一切风险。此案中，合同双方签订了CIF合同，卖方提供了全套清洁单据，且床单潮湿发生在货损途中。因此，买方必须履行付款义务。对于货物的损失，买方可向包厢公司提出索赔。如果买方能够举证床单潮湿是由于包装不良所致，他可向卖方提出索赔。
6. FOB , CFR 与CIF风险划分都是以船舷为界，当货物在装运过程中，未越过船舷，跌落海中，则风险应由卖方承担，当货物越过船舷，跌落在甲板，买方应承担相应风险。本案中，货物跌落入甲板，买方能够承担风险是毫无疑问的。
7. In this case the loss was caused simply because of the ignorance on the part of the export businessman. What we can learn from this case is that, when offering abroad, we must make exact calculations of the total freight and other relevant charges. Most importantly, it is very beneficial for every export businessman to learn geography. Chapter Five Six and Seven
Quantity Quality and Packing of the Goods
Case One 案例一
1. A Chinese export company exported some boxes of apple to Japan, according to the contract
two parties concluded, the apple should be Grade Two. But when the seller make the shipment, they found some of the apple was corrupt because of damp weather , so in order to deliver the goods in time, the seller arrange goods immediately and sent the apple (Grade One) instead, and the Chinese company still marked “Price be still fixed on Grade Two.”
Question: Do you think whether the exporter fulfill the duty on contract? Why?
Case Two 案例二
2. Our company exported some kinds of agricultural products to Germany, it is stipulated in the contract that:“Moisture-------11 % Max, Impurity---------3% Max”.But we sent the sample to buyer before concluded, and inform the buyer by fax that the goods we delivered is similar to the sample. When the goods arrived in Germany, the buyer inspected the goods and found the quality
of goods is lower than the sample, and of course they raise a claim for USD 6000.
Question: Do you think the buyer's claim is reasonable, why?
Case Three 案例三
3. A company purchased four kinds of steel plate: 4000M/T. and the type is 6 inch, 8 inch, 10 inch and 12 inch. The quantity is 100M/T each size, and the contract marked that: “5% more or less for each size, at seller's option”When the seller delivered the goods, the quantity is :6
inch-----70M/T; 8 inch-----80 M/T; 10 inch--------60 M/T;12 inch--------210 M/T. And the total quantity is 420 M/T. When the exporter submits the full set of document, the importer refuses to receive the goods owing to quantity problems.
Question: Do you think the importer's action is reasonable? List your reasons
Case Four 案例四
4. A Britain company purchased 300 cases of fruit cans with an Australian company, the contract
is stipulated as follow: “Pack in cases with 30 cans each case”When the buyer picked up the goods, they found half quantity was packed as stipulated. But the other part was packed in 90 cases with 60 cans each. The buyer refused the goods immediately. But the seller informed that 30 cans each case is not the core part of contract, the total quantity is correct and the quality is similar to the stipulation in the contract, so the buyer should accept it.
Question: Which party breach the contract? Why?
Chapter Five Six and Seven
Quantity Quality and Packing of the Goods
Analysis: 案例分析
1.The exporter didn't fulfill his obligation. Though the exporter made shipment on time, in
order to deliver the apples in good quality, he arranged the goods with higher quality, but the
quality is not similar to the level on the contract. So the seller breaches the contract. If the buyer lodges a claim, the seller will suffer the loss.
In order to avoid the problem, the seller should ask for the buyer's opinion firstly.
2.买方的索赔要求是合理的，此案中，虽然合同对商品的品质提出了要求，但卖方在成交前寄送样品的行为本身即表明该批货物既凭说明买卖（sale by description）,又凭样品买卖（sale
by sample）。因此，买方在对商品进行检验后发现与样品不符提出索赔的要求是合情合理的。卖方的失误在于使用两种方式约束商品品质对其不利。
3.In international trade, the more or less clause has ample meaning , it means not only the total quantity should be subject to the stipulation, but also the quantity in each type. In this case, though
the total quantity has not surpassed the 5%, but the quantity in each type is far away from the stipulation in the contract. So we consider that the seller has breached the quantity clause. and the importer refuse the goods owing to quantity problems is reasonable.
4.有些国家的法律，把买卖分为两类，一种叫凭样品买卖，一种叫凭说明买卖。后者所包括的范围很广，不仅涉及商品品质方面的问题，也包括数量，甚至包括合同中有关装运期、包装和货物花式搭配方面的陈述。按照英国买卖法的规定，凡合同中一切有关货物“说明”的事项都是合同的要件，如有违反，买方有权拒收货物，并可以提出索赔。本案例中，英国法认为，包装是属于“说明”的组成部分，属于要件，卖方违背合同要件，买方有理由拒收全部货物，也可以接受合乎规定部分，拒收不合规定部分，并提出损害赔偿。
学习《国际贸易ABC》课程的总结 学校：上海工程技术大学学院：化学化工学院 姓名：李雷波学号：041111235 一、学习《国际贸易ABC》的目的与意义 国际贸易这门课是一门理论与实务紧密结合的学科，通过系统地学习国际贸易理论和实务，我们了解了国际贸易的基本理论，掌握了国际贸易的基本程序、基本做法，熟悉了进出口业务的各个环节，同时掌握了国际上一些通行的惯例和普遍实行的原则。经过近一学期的国际贸易理论课的学习，同时在老师平时的悉心教导下，我对国际贸易这门学问有了一些了解，并对这门学科产生了更加深刻的感想，也为我们将来能够找到一个好工作打下良好的基础。、 自我国加入WTO之后，全球经济一体化日益加强，知识经济也成为了主流。如何在贸易大潮中取得先机，如何利用贸易更好的发展经济、改善国民生活质量，这些都是一个国家要思考要探索的问题。改革开放三十年以来，我国的经济建设取得了举世瞩目的成就，GDP一直保持举世罕见的高速增长。但是，我们深知，经济总量上的增长并不代表经济质量的真正发展，以此我国提出了转变经济发展方式的方针。在我国，拉动经济增长的“三驾马车”按照比例排，分别是“出口、投资、消费”。出口是主要增长点。因此，转变经济发展方式具体在对外贸易上，就是要转变出口结构，从以低价产品为主向高新技术产品为主转变。因此，作为当代的大学生，我想没有人可以完全对国际贸易丝毫不懂。 国际贸易的最大意义也在于此。同时，作为个人，要适应这样的时代，或者想要在这样一个经济全球化、一体化的时代有所作为，就必须掌握国际贸易的知识。 二、学习《国际贸易ABC》的主要收获 课堂上讲到的保税区，自贸区，以及各类进出口贸易，WTO，达芬奇造假，复出口，服务类型，中美贸易统计顺逆差差异，以及一些国际贸易相关知识，开拓了视野，IMF，ITO ,GATT,TTIP，TPP等深深吸引了自己的注意力，对经济贸易的兴趣大门就此打开。 一学期的学习过程中，我最感兴趣的是保险和费用问题。因为国际贸易术语大都用以划分买卖双方在交接货物过程中各自应承担的责任、风险和费用，进出口贸易操作其实就是国与国之间商品的交换，而在交换过程中就离不开运输，运输中就存在风险。进出口商为了降低风险避免损失，货运保险就成了业务操作中很重要的一个环节。 进出口业务操作内容其实很多，涉及面很广，涉及到国际贸易法律与惯例、国际金融、国际运输与保险等学科的基本原理与基本知识的应用。既有出口业务,又有进口业务;既要掌握国际法律与惯例,学会应用基本理论知识分析案例,又要学会有关的计算方法。因此我在学习过程中,应该拓宽我们的知识面，帮助我们充实自己并能解决我们在学习中遇到的问题。面临经济全球化的社会，我们多了解一些国际贸易的知识是有助于提高我们在人力资源市场上的竞争力的。 掌握国际贸易的理论和国内外常用的贸易政策，认识和理解国家有关贸易政策的理论依据及其对经济的影响，同时启发加入WTO后我国贸易体制和贸易政策
《国际贸易实务》案例分析题六答案 合同的磋商与签订 1、经常会有一些动机不好的外商，很轻易地下订单，而且言明在收到样品后才肯开信用证。当我方寄出样品后，外商却销声匿迹了，我方这样做的结果就是样品白白被骗。请问遇到这种情况我方应如何处理？ 评析，一是在寄样品之前应做好调查工作，特别是客户的资信。二是可以对样品内收取一定的费用。 2、请分析下列情况，试问A与B之间的合同是否成立？为什么？ （1）11月1日，A邮寄一份实盘给B。 （2）11月8日，A邮寄一份撤回通知给B。 （3）11月11日，B收到A的实盘，并立即用电报发出接受通知。 （4）11月15日，B又邮寄一份确认函，确认他于11月11日发出的接受电报。（5）11月20日，B收到A邮寄的撤回通知。事后双方对该项合同是否成立，发生纠纷。 评析：A与B之间的合同已经成立。理由，首先，11月1日A邮寄的实盘于11月11日送达B处时已经生效，B于当天就发出有效的接受通知。根据一方发出实盘，经另一方有效接受而合同成立的原则，A与B之间的合同已经成立。其次，A在寄出实盘以后，又于11月8日寄出一份撤回通知。但是实盘已于11月11日送达B处而生效。由于撤回通知于11月20日才送达B处，即发盘通知到达在先，撤回通知到达在后，因此该项撤回通知没有撤回的效力。 3、买方发盘要求卖方凭买方提供的规格、性能生产供应某机械设备，发盘规定了有效期为1个月，以便卖方能有足够的时间研究自己是否能按所提供的条件生产供应。卖方收到发盘后，立即组织人员进行设计，探寻必要生产设备添置的可能性和成本核算。两周后，突然买方通知，由于资金原因，决定不再订购该项机械设备，并撤销发盘。此时，卖方已因设计、寻购生产设备，核算成本等付出了大量费用。问，卖方能否提出异议？ 评析：卖方可以提出异议。理由根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第十六条规定“在未订立合同之前，发盘得予撤销，如果通知于被发盘人发出接受通知之前送达被发盘人，但在下列情况下，发盘不得撤销，发盘写明接受发盘的期限或以其他的方式表示发盘是不可以撤销的，被发盘人有理由信赖该项发盘是不可撤销的，而且被发盘人已本着对该项发盘的信赖行事。”据此，买方的发盘不能任意撤销，因为本案中的发盘具备一项有效发盘的必备条件，它规定了1个月的有效期，该发盘是不可撤销的发盘，且卖方已本着此项信赖行事。卖方如果认为按买方发盘条件达成交易有利可图，可以拒绝买方撤销发盘，并在期限内表示接受订立合同，如买方坚持撤销发盘，卖方可按实际支出的费用加上如果达成合同可望获得的合理利润向买方提出损害赔偿要求。
贸易术语 1. 我国某出口公司与外商按CIF Landed London 条件出口一批货物，合同规定，商品的数量为500箱，以信用证方式付款，5 月份装运。买方按照合同规定的开证时间将信用证开抵卖方。货物顺利装运完毕后，卖方在信用证规定的交单期内办好了议付手续并收回货款。久，卖方收到买方寄来的货物在伦敦港的卸货费和进口报关费的收据，要求我方按收据金额将款项支付给买方。 问：我方是否需要支付这笔费用？为什么？答：对于在伦敦港的卸货费，应该由我方支付；但是进口报关费，不应由我方支付。因为我某出口公司与外商按CIF Landed London 条件成交，所以支付的运费应该包括卸至伦敦港码头的卸货费。但是CIF 贸易术语项下的进口清关是买方的义务，因此，我方不需支付进口报关费。 2. 我方以FCA 贸易术语从意大利进口布料一批，双方约定最迟的装运期为4月12 日，由于我方业务员的疏忽，导致意大利出口商在4月15日才将货物交给我方指定的承运人。当我方收到货物后，发现部分货物有水渍，据查是因为货交承运人前两天大雨淋湿所致。据此，我方向意大利出口商提出索赔，但遭到拒绝。 问：我方的索赔是否有理？为什么？答：无理。因为FCA 项下，我进口方负责运输，但我方未在合同约定的装运期内派去运输工具，导致卖方无法及时交货，所以在运输工具晚到的时间内发生的损失应该由我进口方承担。 3. 我方与荷兰某客商以CIF 条件成交一笔交易，合同规定以信用证为付款方式。卖方收到买方开来的信用证后，及时办理了装运手续，并制作好一整套结汇单据。在卖方准备到银行办理议付手续时，收到买方来电，得知载货船只在航海运输途中遭遇意外事故，大部分货物受损。据此，买方表示将等到具体货损情况确定以后，才同意银行向卖方支付货款。 问：1）卖方可否及时收回货款，为什么？ 2）买方应该如何处理此事？ 答：（1）卖方可以及时收回货款。首先，CIF 术语成交属于象征性交货，其特点是卖方凭单交货，买方凭单付款；其次，CIF 术语成交的条件下，卖方在办理了装运后，并制作好单据后，已完成了交货义务且风险也已转移给了买方。 （2）买方应及时与保险公司取得联系，凭保险单及有关的证据向保险公司提出索赔。 4. 我方以CFR贸易术语与B国的H公司成交一批消毒碗柜的出口合同，合同规定装运时间 为4月15日前。我方备妥货物，并于4月8日装船完毕。由于遇星期日休息，我公司的业务员未及时向买方发出装运通知，导致买方未能及时办理保险手续，而货物在4月8日晚因发生了火灾被火烧毁。 问：货物损失责任由谁承担，为什么？答：货物损失的责任由我方承担。因为，在CFR 术语成交的情况下，租船订舱和办理投保手续分别由卖方和买方办理。因此，卖方在装船完毕后应及时向买方发出装运通知以便买方办理投保手续，否则，由此而产生的风险应由卖方承担。本案中，因为我方未及发出装运通知，导致买方未能及时办理投保手续，未能将风险及时转移给保险公司，因风险应由我方承担。 品质 1、买卖合同中的数量条款规定“ 100M/T 5% more or less at seller ' s option”, 则根据《公约》的规定，卖方最多和最少可交多少公吨货物？多交部分如何作价？若双方未约定多交部分如
国际贸易实务案例教程（双语（第2版）Chapter One Case Study for a Brief Introduction to International Trade 国际贸易简介案例 Part One Selected Analysis of Case Study 第一部分案例精选 Case 1 US-India Wool Fabric Dispute Case Description: The United States imposed interim protection measures, from April 18th, 1995, to restrict imports of wool fabric for men’s and women’s shirts from India. Before the measures’ implementation, the United States and India had discussed the possibly serious damage to U.S. domestic enterprises resulting f rom the import of wool fabric for men’s and women's shirts. The two sides did not reach a satisfactory solution. So India submitted the case to the World Trade Organization for settlement. Question: Will the United States remove the interim protection measures? 1 案例美—印羊毛织物摩擦案 案情介绍: 美国强制实行了过渡性保护措施，从1995年4月18日开始限制进口印度的羊毛制品—男
国际贸易实务实习报告4篇 本文是关于国际贸易实务实习报告4篇，仅供参考，希望对您有所帮助，感谢阅读。 实习内容：根据相关的国际贸易法律与惯例，结合我过的实际情况与国际贸易实践，以出口贸易的基本过程为主线，以模拟设定的具体出口商品交易作背景，针对出口贸易中业务函电的草拟、商品价格的核算、交易条件的磋商、买卖合同的签订、出口货物的托运订舱、报验通关、信用证的审核与修改以及贸易文件制作和审核等主要业务操作技能。实习目的：培养我们的自学和动手能力、理解能力以及思维能力。通过进出口贸易模拟实习，让我们能够在一个仿真的国际商业环境中切身体会商品进出****易的全过程，能够在实际业务的操作过程中使其全面、系统、规范地掌握从事进出****易的主要操作技能。 总结：经过了两周的贸易实务实习，让我们了解到商务工作挺复杂的，而且在此工作中要有忍心、恒心、信心。实习中，我们在模拟的商务活动中，有十五个主要业务操作，针对这些操作每天都有不同的心得体会，而且发现了不同的问题，可以说在是受益非浅。国际贸易的中间环节多，涉及面广，除交易双方当事人外，还涉及商检、运输、保险、金融、车站、港口和海关等部门以及各种中间商和代理商。如果哪个环节出了问题，就会影响整笔交易的正常进行，并有可能引起法律上的纠纷。另外，在国际贸易中，交易双方的成交量通常都比较大，而且交易的商品在运输过程中可能遭到各种自然灾害、意外事故和其它外来风险。所以通常还需要办理各种保险，以避免或减少经济损失。 我在此次实习中，了解到实习的具体做法： （1）贯彻理论联系实际的原则 在学习本课程时，要以国际贸易基本原理和国家对外方针政策为指导，将《国际贸易》、《中国对外贸易概论》等先行课程中所学到的基础理论和基本政策加以具体运用。教师在讲课过程中，对涉及到的内容，可有针对性地带领学生回顾一下，力求做到理论与实践、政策与业务有效地结合起来，不断提高分析与解决实际问题的能力。
【案例分析4-1】 我某公司向德国出口某冷冻商品150０箱,合同规定1~５月按合同等量装运,每月３0０箱,凭不可撤销即期信用证付款。客户按时开来信用证,我方１~3月份交货正常,顺利结汇,但在4月份时,由于船期延误,拖迟到５月６日才装运出口,而海运提单则倒签为4月30日,并送银行议付,议付行也未发现问题。后在5月10日,我公司又同船装运3０0箱运往目得地,开具得提单为5月1０日。进口商取单时发现问题,拒绝收货、(当然开证行也拒付) 问:我方得失误在哪里?进口商为何拒收货物并拒付？ 答:1。我方得失误: （1）拖延交货期、 （2）将5月6日装运出口得货物装船日期倒签为4月30日,这就是违法行为、 （3）最严重得错误就是5月１0日将信用证中规定分月等量装运得货物装在5月6日得同一船上,这个错误无疑告诉对方４月30日得提单就是倒签得。再者,将分批装运得货物装在同一只船上,从根本上违背了信用证关于分批装运得规定。 2、进口商拒收货物得理由: (1)卖方倒签提单得行为成立,这就是一种侵权行为。 (２)对5月１０日装运得货物,虽然5月装运就是按信用证规定得数量装运,但进口商以前批(4月份)应装得货物未按时装运为由可判决5月10日所装货物也无效。因为UＣＰ60０第3２条规定:如信用证规定在指定得时间段内分期支款或分期发运,任何一期未按信用证规定期限支取或发运时,信用证对该期及以后各期均告失效。 因此,买方有权拒收货物、 【案例分析5-1】 进出口商签订一批生丝合同,订价为ＵＳD18万D／A3０天远期交单,而托收指示中交单方式改为D/P即期。进口商声称,出口方货物迟发１个月一时无法销售处理,市场行情跌落,因此她要求降价为USＤ16万,交单方式应按合同D/Ａ 3０ days ａfter ｓight。经代收行向托收行去电后,出口方最终同意,货物降价为ＵＳD16万,但交单方式仍为D/P ｓighｔ, 进口商接受了这一条件指示银行按降价后得金额付出。可就是,几天后进口方匆匆找到银行总经理,称单据上所描述得货物为生丝(sｉlk),而实际上收到得就是棉花(cｏttｏn)。因此,进口商强烈要求银行退款。作为代收行您认为应该怎么办？ 答:代收行款项付出后一般就是不能行使追索权得。本案中,付款人可以根据商务合同对卖方向法院提出起诉。但如果在款项付出之前,或在付出后托收行还未解付,且付款人已完整地退回包括提单在内得所有单据得情况下,代收行可以考虑立即止付并向托收行述明止付理由,但代收行并不对款项能否追回负任何责任。 【案例分析5—６】 有一份信用证为可撤销信用证,金额为10万美元,允许分批装运及分批付款。出口方已凭此信用证装运５万美元得货物,议付银行在议付5万美元后得第二天收到开证行撤销信用证得电报通知。试问:开证行对业已议付得5万美元有无拒付得权利？ 答:开证行对业已议付得５万美元没有拒付得权利。 可撤销信用证就是指开证行开出信用证后,不必征得收一份或有关当事人得同意,有权随时撤销或修改得信用证。根据UCP6０0得规定,开证行对其指定或授权得其她银行在接到撤销或修改通知前,已经根据表面上符合信用证得单据所进行得付款、承兑或议付,仍予以承认并负责偿付。 本案中,议付银行就是在议付了5万美元后才收到开证行得撤销信用证得通知,所以开证行应该进行偿付、 【案例分析5－７】
国际贸易实务心得体会 国际贸易实务心得体会一 回顾整个学期的外贸实践课，感触是很深的，收获也是丰硕的。这学期的外贸实践课，主要是通过模拟的形式学习现在中外贸工作的流程，通过看各种外贸订单、商业邮件、各种原始合同，进行各种数据输入，让我对实际的外贸工作有了一个感性的认识，针对不懂的问题我会及时请教老师和其他同学，并将自己在书上学到的知识与当天模拟课中了解到、所学到的结合在一起，使我对外贸这个专业有了更加深入的了解。 通过整个学期的外贸实践课，我又第一次课的模糊，对什么事情单据都不认识，转而逐渐适应这样的流程，做事情有按部就班，循序渐进。这次的外贸实践课，让我懂了很多，知道了许多。课本的知识与实际的外贸有一定的差距，让我明白了外贸模拟的重要性，也让我明白了，培养主动学习能力和创造性的重要性，我必须努力提高自身的综合素质，适应时代的需要。 通过本次的外贸实践，我还发现了自己以前学习中所出现的一些薄弱环节，并为今后的学习指明了方向，同时也会为我将来的工作打下一个良好的基础。之前，每次填单总是填补完整，而且会出现很多小错误，经过这学期的训练，我已经可以比较正确的填制一些必要的单据。虽然我还未真正
参与到现实的外贸业务中，只是做了一些模拟，但这次的模拟为我提供了一个很好的锻炼机会，使我们及早了解一些相关知识以便以后与用到现实外贸中去。通过这次的模拟实践，我可以熟练掌握实物的基本流程，同时让我懂得只有通过刻苦的学习，加强对业务知识的熟练掌握程度，在现实的工作中才会得心应手、应对自如。 总体来说，这次实习不仅仅是锻炼了我在外贸操作方面的一些技能，同时，经过这次外贸实践课，让我学到了很多课本上所没有提及的知识，还有就是在就业心态上我也有了很大的改变，因为我对外贸流程熟悉了解，让我为外贸工作有了更大的信心。 国际贸易实务心得体会二一、学习《国际贸易实务》的目的与意义 国际贸易这门课是一门理论与实务紧密结合的学科，通过系统地学习国际贸易理论和实务，我们了解了国际贸易的基本理论，掌握了国际贸易的基本程序、基本做法，熟悉了进出口业务的各个环节，同时掌握了国际上一些通行的惯例和普遍实行的原则。经过近一学期的国际贸易理论课的学习，同时在老师平时的悉心教导下，我对国际贸易这门学问有了崭新的认知与了解，并对这门学科产生了更加深刻的感想，也为我们将来能够找到一个好工作打下良好的基础。 二、《国际贸易实务》课程的主要内容
《国际贸易实务》案例分析 第六章国际货物运输 【案例1】我公司与外商签订销售合同，出售中国大米10000公吨，合同规定：“自2月份开始，每月装船1000公吨，分十批交货。”卖方从2月份开始交货，但交至第五批大米时，大米品质霉变，不适合人类食用，因而买方以此为由，主张以后各批均应撤销。 问：在上述情况下买方能否主张这种权利？为什么？ 【分析】买方可以撤销第五批以后的各批货物。依据国际贸易惯例对分批装运的规定，如果合同和信用证中规定出允许分批装运，并规定了具体的装运时间和每批的数量，只要其中任何一批为按合同规定的条款交付货物，则本批及以后各批均告失效。 在本案例中，第五批大米虽然按时装运，但货物品种不符合合同要求，所以该批以后各批都违背了合同及信用证要求。买方可以予以撤销。 【案例2】有一批货物共1000箱，自A国港口装运至B国某港口，承运人签发了“已装船清洁提单”，但货运到目的港后，收货人发现下列情况：（1）少10箱货；（2）20箱包装严重破损，内部货物大部分散失；（3）50箱包装外表完好，箱内货物短少。 试问上述三种情况是否应属承运人的责任？为什么？ 【分析】在本案例所列的几种情况中，属于承运人责任的是（1）和（2）。因为提单是承运人或其代理人在收到货物后签发给托
运人的一种证件，即承运货物收据，证明其已按提单的记载收到托运人的货物。本案例中承运人签发的是“已装船清洁提单”这说明承运人所收到的货物是“表面状况良好”的货物，即货物未受损、包装也完好。货到目的地后发行的（1）、（2）两种情况是表面状况不良好的表现，可见其责任应当由承运人承担。 【案例3】我国对澳大利亚出口1 000吨大豆，国外开来信用证规定：不允许分批装运。结果我们在规定的期限内分别在大连、新港各装500公吨于同一航次的同一船上，提单也注明了不同的装运地和不同的装船日期。 请问：这是否违约?银行能否议讨? 【分析】（1）不是真违约，银行也能议付。 （2）国际《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定，同一船只、同一航次中多次装运货物，即使提单表示不同的装船日期及（或）不同装船港口，也不作为分批装运论处。 （3）因此，符合合同规定，银行不能拒绝议付。 【案例4】外箱尺寸计算不准造成损失案 国外客户C 在2001年5 月份向A公司下了1X40’H集装箱的产品P3的订单中，由于很多产品的包装为新的包装，我司在下了订单1个月后还不能得到确切的装箱尺寸。由于其中一个工厂货物体积与刚下订单时的所报体积多出7CBM,其他部分工厂在给报装箱尺寸
国际贸易实务案例分析 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
国际贸易实务案例分析 1.我方出口苹果酒一批，国外开来信用证上货物的名称为：“Apple Wine”，于是为了单证一致，所有单据上均用了“Apple Wine”，不料货到国外后被海关扣留罚款，因该批酒的内外包装上均写的是“Cider”字样，结果外商要求我方赔偿其罚款损失——问我方对此有无责任？ （1）我方对此承担一定的责任。按照有关的法律和惯例，对成交商品的描述是构成商品说明的一个主要组成部分，是买卖双方交接货物的一项基本依据，它关系到买卖双方的权利和义务。若卖方交付的货物不符合约定的品名或说明，买方有权提出损害赔偿要求直至拒收货物或撤销合同。本案例中的“Cider”一词既有苹果酒也有苹果汁的意思，因此货到目的港后海关以货物与品名不符，对该货物扣留罚款我方应承担一定的责任。 （2）在贸易实践中如果出现此种情况，我方应在收到信用证后要求改证，即对信用证中的品名进行修改，这样既可以做到单证一致，收款有保障，同时又避免了实际货物与单据上的商品品名不符，从而遭受海关扣留罚款的不利损失。 2. “凤凰”自行车在我国可谓家喻户晓，人人皆知。可在90年代初，“凤凰”自行车参加了意大利米兰的国际自行车展览会。展览会上，与国外五颜六色、灵巧轻便、多档变速的自行车放在一起，显得品种单调、款式陈旧。尽管最后“凤凰”自行车只卖到欧美名牌自行车价格的1/10，可仍无人问津。 请分析，“凤凰”为何飞不起来呢？ 3. 我某出口公司有一批言明为降价品的罐头，英商看货后订货。但货到英国3个月后，发现罐头变质，英商要求退货。问：我方是否应该满足英商的退货要求？ 分析：我方不应退货，因为该笔交易是看货买卖，我方只需保证所交货物为买方看货时确定的商品。 4.我方某外贸公司向某外国公司出口一批货物，双方在签订合同中，明确规定了商品的规格、等级等品质标准。我方业务员在合同签订后，又给对方寄了一个样品。后我方货物运抵对方时，外方认为我方售给的商品只符合合同的品质标准，而与样品不符，要求我方赔偿。请问我方是否承担赔偿？ 5.我方一进出口公司和日本一公司签定了大米出口合同，价格条款为：US$275 per ton FOB Shanghai。问：若目标市场行情看涨，我方可能陷入何种纠纷？ 在贸易价格条款中不用ton，一般用“公吨”。 6. 2002年3月，广西某粮油进出口C公司向南非出口食糖。合同规定：食糖，数量500公吨，每公吨l20美元，可有3％增减，由卖方选择；增减部分按合同价格计算。如果在交货前食糖市场价格上涨，在不违反合同的情况下，卖方要想获利，可装多少公吨?如果市场价格下降呢?同年5月，C公司又向俄罗斯出口小麦，合同规定：数量为1000公吨，每公吨100美元，以信用证方式支付。合同签订后，俄罗斯进口商开来信用证，金额为100000美元，问我方最多、最少可交多少公吨小麦?为什么？贸易合同签订后，合同内容价格是确定的，如果在交货前食糖市场价格上涨，再按合同价格交货，应少量减少合同规定的500MT及少装3% 省下的3%可按涨价后的价格卖给别家。及可以装485MT 。如果市场价格下降，可以多装3% 及515MT 按未降前的价格结算。 在国际惯例中可以允许合同标的不大于5%的上下浮动及最多 1050MT 最少950MT的小麦，原因：国际惯例信用证条款规定允许不超过合同规定装货量5%的公差。
《国际贸易实务》双语课堂案例剖析 Chapter Two and Three General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction& Contracts for the International Trade Case One 案例一 1.Mr. Smith, an American businessman, sold a batch of IBM computers to a Hong Kong importer, Mr. Chen .The sales was concluded in the United States of America on the terms of CIF Hong Kong. During execution of the contract, disputes arose between the seller and the buyer on the form an interpretation of the contract. In such a case, did the law of the USA or the law of Hong Kong apply to the disputes? Why? Case Two 案例二 2.Mr. Anderson intended to sell a plane to Mr. Johnson. In his cable, Mr. Anderson offered: “Confirm sale of a plane…Please send 5000 pounds by telegraphic transfer.” Mr. Johnson cabled back immediately: “Confirm purchase of your plane, terms and conditions same as your cable. I’ve sent the 5000 pounds to your Account Bank who keeps your money on your behalf until delivery of the plane. Please confirm delivery within 30 days from the date of this cable.”Mr. Anderson did not reply and sold the plane to another buyer at a much higher price. Disagreements occurred between the two parties about whether the contract was concluded effectively. In such a case, was the contract concluded? Why? Case Three 案例三 3. A Chinese export company sent on July 1 an offer to a French trading company ,stipulating for the reply to reach them before July 10. The French trading company cabled its acceptance of the offer on July 8. Because of the delay by the post office, the acceptance did not reach the Chinese company till on the morning of July 11.And before receiving the acceptance, the Chinese company was informed that the prices of the said products were rising rapidly，the seller refused the acceptance immediately. Question: Was the acceptance effective? Why? Case Four 案例四 4.A French buyer visited a Chinese trading company to buy some goods in the morning. When Chinese seller offered the price, he didn’t say anything. But in the afternoon, the French buyer visited again and accepted the morning’s offer. At this moment, Chinese company found the price of this goods on the international market was rising, so how could the Chinese trading company deal with? Why? Case Five 案例五 5. Our company made an offer with Italian buyer, which is valid before 10th of this month. Because of the post bureau’s late in delivery, we have received the acceptance on 11th. At this
国际贸易实务单证实务学习心得 弹指瞬间，一个学期的国际贸易单证实务课即将结束了.通过郭老师结合自身体会的悉心授课，使我深深体会到国际贸易学有多么的错综复杂。 学习国际贸易单证实务课前，我对国贸的认识是很表面的，认为就是单纯地做国际交易买卖.经过一个学期的学习后，我才领悟到，国际贸易学是一门覆盖面广（包括经济学、会计学、法律学、保险学、管理学等），细节颇多的交叉学科.课堂上老师除了给我们讲授纯粹的理论知识外，还会结合一些典型的贸易案例分析，感觉身临其境一样，不仅巩固了我的理论知识，还吸取了在以后业务上的经验.案例分析，让我领略到了，国际市场不只是一个聚宝合，稍有不慎，就会造成巨大的损失.这就要求业务员除了拥有一定的专业知识外，还需要细心谨慎，有高度的责任感。这门课程主要教授我们要能进行简单的国际贸易交易磋商，会根据交易磋商的内容拟制外贸合同，运用所学知识合理选择贸易的结算方式；能根据进口合同的要求申请开立信用证；能按要求分析信用证的基本内容，会根据外贸合同审核信用证；能根据不符点和修改意见撰写改证函并处理信用证修改；能根据合同、信用证和货物的实际情况，正确缮制发票、包装单据、出口托运单、产地证明书、出口报检单、出口报关单、运输单据、保险单据、汇票等出口单证；能按流程规范缮制全套进口单证；能根据单证审核的基本要求和方法快速审核相关单据并找出其不符点；能按信用证指示或合同条款交单并按业务和其他部门要求将各类单证归档。同时也要了解外贸单证工作的基本要求及重要性，熟悉单证的含义和种类；掌握国际贸易磋商的基础知识，熟悉国际贸易交易前的准备工作，掌握合同订立和履行的基础知识，掌握汇款和托收这两种支付方式的含义及业务流程；掌握信用证的含义、内容、性质及操作流程，熟悉申请开立信
国际贸易实务案例分析题 第一章国际贸易术语与价格 1．按CIF贸易术语出口，卖方按照合同的规定装船完毕取得包括提单在内的全套装运单据．但是，载货船舶在启航后第二天就触礁沉没．买方闻讯后提出拒收单据、拒付货款．试问，卖方应如何处理?为什么? 买方必须收取单据，并支付货款。 因为以CIF术语达成交易，货物风险和费用的划分点在装运港船舷，买方承担越过船舷以后的风险。 CIF贸易术语下交货属象征性交货，卖方凭单据交货，买方凭单据付款。只要卖方提交的单据齐全且正确，卖方无权拒收拒付。 2．有一份CFR合同，甲公司出口卡车500辆，该批货物装于舱面．这500辆卡车中有40辆是卖给某国的乙公司的．货物运抵目的港后由承运人负责分拨．航行途中遇到恶劣气候，有50辆卡车被冲进海中．事后甲公司宣布出售给乙公司的40辆卡车已在运输途中全部损失，并且因为货物已经越过船舷，甲公司未履行交货义务，要求赔偿损失．请叛别孰是孰非?为什么? 第二章商品的品质，数量与包装 1．中方某公司与国外某客商成交龙井茶一批，合同要求二级茶叶．卖方实际交货时发现二级茶叶库存已罄，便在未征得买方同意情况下，以一级茶叶抵充二级茶叶交货，并电告买方“一级茶叶仍按二级茶叶计价，不另外收费”。问：卖方这种做法是否妥当?为什么? 中方公司的这种做法不妥当. 因为在合同达成后,卖方交货品质低于合同的要求是违约行为.未经买方允许,擅自将品质高于合同规定的货物交付买方同样也构成违约.尽管中方所交茶叶适用于原来的用途,并且在价值上还高于二级茶叶的价值,但卖方已经违约,在市场行情的变化不利于买方,或由于卖方交货品质高于合同的规定使买方在办理进口清关手续中遇到麻烦时,往往会成为买方拒收货物并要求赔偿损失的借口. 2．合同中数量条款规定“10 000M／T 5％ MORE OR LESS At SELLER'S OPTION．”卖方正待交货时，该货物国际市场价格大幅度上涨，问(1)如果你是卖方拟实际交付多少数量?为什么? (2)如果站在买方立场上，磋商合同条款时，应注意什么? 答：（1）可交付9500公吨，作为卖方，此时尽可能在合同允许范围内少装货物， 因为该商品国际市场价格大幅度上涨，使订约时合同价格对卖方不利，多交 意味着多损失。 （2）作为买方，为了避免卖方利用市场行情的变动获得额外的利润，在磋商 合同时，可在合同中规定，溢短装部分的货价按装运时的市场价格计算。
国际贸易实务案例分 析
1.某进出口公司欲进口包装机一批，对方发盘的内容为：“兹可供普通包装机200台，每台500美元CIF青岛，6至7月份装运，限本月21日复到我方有效。”我方收到对方发盘后，在发盘规定的有效期内复电：“你方发盘接受，请内用泡沫，外加木条包装。” 问：我方的接受是否可使合同成立？为什么？ 答：我方的接受可使合同成立。 根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，受盘人对货物的价格、付款、品质、数量、交货时间与地点、一方当事人对另一方当事人的赔偿责任范围或解决争端的办法等条件提出的添加或更改，均视作实质性变更发盘条件。受盘人在接受中的添加或更改，如果在实质上变更了发盘条件，就构成了对原发盘的拒绝，其法律后果是否定了原发盘，原发盘即告失效，原发盘人就不再受其约束。本案我方在接受通知中，表示对包装条件的添加，并不构成实质性变更发盘条件，不属于还盘性质，除非发盘人在合理的时间内及时地表示不同意受盘人的添加，否则，该接受仍具有接受的效力。因此，我方的接受可使合同成立。 2.我某公司按FCA条件进口一批化工原料，合同中规定由卖方代办运输事项。结果在装运期满时，国外卖方来函通知，无法租到船，不能按期交货。因此我公司向国内生产厂家支付了10万元违约金，问：对我公司的这10万元损失，可否向国外的卖方索赔？ 答：不能，FCA条件下卖方可以代替买方按通常条件定立运输契约，但费用和风险要由买方承担。 3.我某公司向国外某客户出口榨油大豆一批，合同中规定大豆的具体规格为含水分14%，含油量18%，含杂质1%。国外客户收到货物不久，我方便收到对方来电称：我方的货物品质与合同规定相差较远，具体规格为含水分18%，含油量10%，含杂质4%，并要求我方合同金额40%的损害赔偿。问：对方的索赔要求是否合理？合同中就这一类商品的品质条款应如何规定为宜？ 答：对方的要求是合理的。因为我方交货的品质不符合合同的规定，理应给予对方一定金额的损害赔偿，但是否为合同金额的40%，应根据具体情况而定。合同中就这一类较难掌握交货品质的出口商品的品质条款，应采用规定品质公差或品质机动幅度的方法，来避免因交货品质难以掌握给我方交货带来的困难。 4.北京某公司出口2000公吨大豆，国外来证规定：不允许分批装运。结果我方在规定的期限内分别在大连，上海各装1000公吨于同一航次的同一船只上，提单上也注明了不同的装货港和不同的装船日期，试问：我方做法是否违约？银行能否议付？ 答：我方并不违约，银行可以议付。题干中表明，本次货物在两个不同装运港
学习《国际贸易实务》课程的总结 一、学习《国际贸易实务》的目的与意义 国际贸易这门课是一门理论与实务紧密结合的学科，通过系统地学习国际贸易理论和实务，我们了解了国际贸易的基本理论，掌握了国际贸易的基本程序、基本做法，熟悉了进出口业务的各个环节，同时掌握了国际上一些通行的惯例和普遍实行的原则。经过近一学期的国际贸易理论课的学习，同时在老师平时的悉心教导下，我对国际贸易这门学问有了崭新的认知与了解，并对这门学科产生了更加深刻的感想，也为我们将来能够找到一个好工作打下良好的基础。 二、《国际贸易实务》课程的主要内容 这学期学习了六章国际贸易实务知识，虽然看上去很少，但是这六章里包含的知识却很多很充实。第一章学习的是国际贸易术语，对六种常见的贸易术语FOB、CFR、CIF、FCA、CPT以及CIP有了深刻的了解。第二章学习的是商品的名称、品质、数量与包装，从中对商品的这一系列的特性有了更深的了解。第三章是国际货物运输，我们学习运费的计算以及各种运输单据。第四章讲的是国际货运保险，通过本章的学习我们懂了保险公司的承保范围，能让我们在以后的工作中减少损失。第五章是进出口商品的价格，这章我们学习了很多的计算以及将来在工作中遇到进出口贸易货币问题时不会亏本。最后一张学习的是国际货款的支付，教会了我们在国际贸易中怎样支付。 三、学习《国际贸易实务》的主要收获 掌握国际贸易的理论和国内外常用的贸易政策，认识和理解国家有关贸易政策的理论依据及其对经济的影响，同时启发加入WTO后我国贸易体制和贸易政策的改革，让我们真正做到理论和实践相结合。即通过课程学习，使我们既有国际贸易和投资的基本理论知识，以便能为其他经济类课程的学习奠定基础。同时又有较强的操作能力和分析解决问题的能力，成为符合社会主义市场需求的新型人才。 国际贸易实务与现实的联系非常紧密，操作性非常强，有助于强化我们的动手实践的能力，巩固和深化已学过的理论、方法，提高发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。在这门课程中，我自己认识与了解了进行国际货物买卖实务的具体操作，熟练了运用进出口的成本核算、询盘、报盘、还盘等各种基本技巧，还熟悉了国际贸易的物流、资金流和业务流的运作方式，体会国际贸易中不同当事人的不同地位、面临的具体工作和互动关系，学会了外贸公司利用各种方式控制成本以达到利润最大化的思路。通过调整商品成本和价格、调整汇率、业务费用、海运费、保险费率及突发事件等让我们了解到在相关法律下要充分发挥主观能动性，真正掌握和吸收课堂中所学的知识，为将来步入工作岗位打下良好基础。 国际贸易实务主要包括国际贸易术语、国际货物运输、国际货物运输保险以及合同条款和付款方式等。 贸易术语是构成国际贸易单价的重要组成部分,故又称为价格术语或价格条件;同时还是用以划分买卖双方在交接货物过程中各自应承担的责任、风险和费用。而交货地点往往成为划分责任、风险、费用的界点。商品交换离不开运输,对外贸易运输是外贸业务中的一个重要环节。对外贸易运输方式种类很多,其中,海洋运输占有重要的地位。货运保险与货物运输一样,是国际贸易一个不可缺少的组成部分。保险涉及的范围很广,内容也较复杂且技术性强。货运保险的种类取决于运输方式,而海运又是国际货物运输的主要方式,海运货物保险在国际贸易中便具有突出的重要意义。价格、装运、结汇是国际贸易中的三大问题, 在国际贸易中,大多以汇票作为支付工具、以信用证(L/C)作为支付方式进行货款的结算。货款的收付不单纯是一个技术问题
国际贸易实务案例分析 1. 我方出口苹果酒一批，国外开来信用证上货物的名称为：“Apple Wine ”，于是为了单证一致，所有单据上均用了“ Apple Wine”，不料货到国外后被海关扣留罚款，因该批酒的内外包装上 均写的是“ Cider”字样，结果外商要求我方赔偿其罚款损失一一问我方对此有无责 任？ （1）我方对此承担一定的责任。按照有关的法律和惯例，对成交商品的描述是构成商品说 明的一个主要组成部分，是买卖双方交接货物的一项基本依据，它关系到买卖双方的权利和 义务。若卖方交付的货物不符合约定的品名或说明，买方有权提出损害赔偿要求直至拒收货 物或撤销合同。本案例中的“Cider” 一词既有苹果酒也有苹果汁的意思，因此货到目的港 后海关以货物与品名不符，对该货物扣留罚款我方应承担一定的责任。 （2）在贸易实践中如果出现此种情况，我方应在收到信用证后要求改证，即对信用证中的 品名进行修改，这样既可以做到单证一致，收款有保障，同时又避免了实际货物与单据上的商品品名不符，从而遭受海关扣留罚款的不利损失。 2. “凤凰”自行车在我国可谓家喻户晓，人人皆知。可在90年代初，“凤凰”自行车参加 了意大利米兰的国际自行车展览会。展览会上，与国外五颜六色、灵巧轻便、多档变速的自 行车放在一起，显得品种单调、款式陈旧。尽管最后“凤凰”自行车只卖到欧美名牌自行车价格的 1/10，可仍无人问津。 请分析，“凤凰”为何飞不起来呢？ 3. 我某出口公司有一批言明为降价品的罐头，英商看货后订货。但货到英国3个月后，发现罐头变质，英商要求退货。问：我方是否应该满足英商的退货要求？ 分析：我方不应退货，因为该笔交易是看货买卖，我方只需保证所交货物为买方看货时确定的商 品。 4. 我方某外贸公司向某外国公司出口一批货物，双方在签订合同中，明确规定了商品的规 格、等级等品质标准。我方业务员在合同签订后，又给对方寄了一个样品。后我方货物运抵 对方时，外方认为我方售给的商品只符合合同的品质标准，而与样品不符，要求我方赔偿。 请问我方是否承担赔偿？ 5. 我方一进出口公司和日本一公司签定了大米出口合同，价格条款为: US$275 per ton FOB Shanghai。问：若目标市场行情看涨，我方可能陷入何种纠纷？ 在贸易价格条款中不用ton，一般用“公吨”。 6. 2002年3月，广西某粮油进出口C公司向南非出口食糖。合同规定：食糖，数量500公吨，每公吨120美元，可有3%增减，由卖方选择；增减部分按合同价格计算。如果在交货前食糖市