上海财经大学2009年招收攻读博士学位研究生
入学考试试题
科目代码：1001
科目名称：英语
招生专业：全校各专业
Ⅰ.Vocabulary (15 points)
Part A (5 points)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET.
Example: She prefer foreign win to that produced______.
A. previously
B. virtually
C. primarily
D. domestically
1. He was _____ when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.
A. incredible
B. inevitable
C. incredulous
D. indifferent
2. We had a marvelous holiday; only the last two days was slightly ____ by weather.
A. damaged
B. enhanced
C. spoiled
D. diminished
3. NASA is casting a wider net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft
to swing out of control and _____ moments before it was to land.
A. disassemble
B. disembark
C. disintegrate
D. disinherit
4. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ____ we had to stop for refereshments.
A. at large
B. at ease
C. at randoms
D. at intervals
5. A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northen Railway spokesman, the death ______ is expected to rise.
A. figure
B. toll
C. Span
D. yield
6. Particpants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum____ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.
A. cursed
B. echoed
C. bounced
D. haileld
7. Turning cultivitaed land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem oil _____ and desertification in the long run.
A. erosion
B. depletion
C. violation
D. delusion
8. The discrepanct in the company accounts is so____ that no auditor could have failed to notice it.
A. spontaneous
B. conspicuous
C. notorious
D. superfluous
9. Russian women had to wear protective masks as they walked in Moscow, which was _____ by
a heavy smog yesterday.
A. shrouded
B. unveiled
C. decayed
D. deprived
10. In that country, a person who marries before legal age mast have a parent’s _____ to obtain a license.
A. sanction
B. warrant
C. malgnace
D. affirmation
11. He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage the ______ peasants.
A. animated
B. rebellious
C. creased
D. impassive
12. The company will ______ to its agreement , no matter how costly the process may be.
A. retain
B. alter
C. abandon
D. adhere
13. The drug store at the corner of our street sells aspirins and _____ penicillin prescriptions.
A. dispenses
B. disposes
C. disperses
D. dispatches
14. AIDS is causing great public concern because the _____ fatal disease hits primarily young
people.
A. invariably
B. imperatively
C. transiently
D. deceptively
15. The houses in this area were all rected in ____ of ousing regulations.
A. compliance
B. defiance
C. alliance
D. obedience
16. He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5%raise wouldhave to _____
A. suffice
B. satisfy
C.gratify
D. delight
17.The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their _____ cooperation.
A. ethical
B. bilateral
C. mandatory
D. subisdiary
18.It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terorism on the b asis of the UN____ and other international laws.
A. Charter
B.Constitution
C. Concordance
D. Custody
19.When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall ____ in all three.
A. rare
B. lacking
C. short
D.scarce
20. Three weeks after the suicide bombing,the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were_______.
A. on the verge of
B. on the sly
C. on the spot
D. on the loss
21. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__patriotism.
A. obsolete
B. aggressive
C. harmonious
D. amiable
22. One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.
A. dilemmas
B. countenances
C. concessions
D. junctions
23. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form
of an exaggerated lust for power.
A. strive
B. ascertain
C. justify
D. adhere
24. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife ______for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.
A. conservation
B. maintenance
C. storage
D. reserve
25. According to the latest report, consumer confidence_______ a breathtaking 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.
A. soared
B. mutated
C. plummeted
D. fluctuated
26. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.
A. genius
B. virus
C. disease
D. bacteria
27. The_______ emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of competition in schools.
A. negligent
B. edible
C. fabulous
D. disproportionate
28. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived.
A. reconciled
B. consolidated
C. deteriorated
D. attributed
29. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to practice his Chinese.
A. passed on
B. passed up
C. passed by
D. passed out
30. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be distributed.
A. paradoxes
B. legacies
C. platitudes
D. analogies
ⅡDirections(10 points): Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANWER SHEET.
Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know 21 personal exzperience how difficult this really is. For more tha a year, I was 22 hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing the market. It seemed so easy. I dreamed of 23 my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams 24 to a sudden and dramatic end when a stock I 25, Texas cellular phone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent 26 a one year period. On the 27 day, it plunged by more than $15 a share. There was rumor the company was 28 sales figures. That was when I learned how quickly Wall street 29 companies that misrepresent the 30.In a 31, I sold all my stock in the company, paying 32 margin debt with case advances from my 33 card. Because I owned so may shares, I 34 a small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a 35, the next a loser. This one big loss was my first lessonin the market.
My father was stockborker, as was my grandfather 36 him. ( In fact, he founded one of
Chicago’s earliest brokerage firms.) But like so many thing in life, we don’t learn anything until we 37 it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner 38 of the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing 39 and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. It’s when all your stocks are losing and everyone is questioning your
stock-picking 40 that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.
31. A. atB. inC. fromD. by
32. A. making B. spendingC. sellingD. buying
33. A. losingB. retiringC. gettingD. quitting
34. A. turnedB. cameC. wentD. seemed
35. A. owned B. owedC. rentedD. sold
36. A. overB. byC. fromD. with
37. A. busyB. slowC. worstD. fast
38. A. cheatingB. exaggeratingC. announcing D. beating
39. A. punishesB.defeatsC. tellsD. shows
40. A. tradeB. truthC. lieD.lies
41. A. despair B. worryC. panicD. moment
42.A. allB. offC. overD. up
43.A creditB. idnetityC. identification D. loan
44.A. wonB.lostC. gainedD.found
45.A. winnerB. champagne C. geniusD. mentor
46.A. afterB beforeC. forD. and
47. A.remember B. liveC. imagineD. experience
48. A. workingsB. inningsC. priceD. shares
49. A. moreB. greatC. muchD. up
50.A. facility B. facultyC. abilityD. power
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: Read the following passage, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squre bracket on ANSWER SHEET.
Passage one
The Commerical Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master craf\smen, had grown selfish and exclusive. Memberhip in them was commonly resticted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild systme. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated bny technical advances, such as the invent5ion of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wne metod of making brass, wich asved about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since.
But the most typical form of indutrial production in the Commerical Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The demestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task
for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yam would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavrs, fullers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.
51. According to the ariticle, what changes did the Commerical Revolution bring about?
A. Methods of production.
B. Appearance of craft guilds
C. Increased trade volume
D. Growth of trade, banking and methods of production
52. The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means______.
A. popular
B. obsolete
C. potential
D. extensive
53. According to the article, in which area was it more energy-effective?
A. Smelting industry
B. Mining industry
C. Banking
D. Weaving
54. The author implies that ______ .
A. The guild system was more efficient
B. The domestic system was capitalistic
C. The technical advance stimulated the guild system
D. The domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system.
55. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises
B. In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners.
C. The domestic system is also known as the putting out system
D. The word “ clothier” is synonymous ot “entrepreneur” in this context.
Passage Two
And researchs say that like those literary romantics Romeo and Juliet, they may be blind to the consequences of their quests for an idealized mate who serves their every physical and emotional need. Nearly 19 in 20 never-married respondents to a national survey agree that “when you marry you want spouse to be your soul mate, first and foremost,” according to the State of our Unions: 2001 study released Wednesday bu Rutgers University.
David Popenoe, a Rutgers sociologist and one of the study’s authors, said that view might spell doom for marriages.“ It really provides a very unrealistic view of what marriage really is, “ Popenoe said. “The standard becomes so high, it’s not easy to bail out if you didn’t find a sould mate.”
The survey points to a fundamental dilemma in which younger people want more from the institution of marriage while they seemingly are unwilling to make the necessary commitments.
The survey also suggests that some respondents expect too much from a spouse, including the kind of emotional support rendered by samesex friends. The authors of the study suggest that the generation that was polled may more quickly leave a marriage because of infidelity than past generations.
Popenoe said the poll, conducted by the Gallup Organization, is the first of its kind to concentrate on people in their 20s. A total of 1,003 married and single young adults nationwide were interviewed by telephone between January and March. The margin of error was plus or minus four percentage points.
Respondents said they eventually want to get married, realize it’s a lot of work and think there are too many divorces. They believe there is one right person for them out there somewhere and think their own marriages won’t end in divorce.
Since the poll is the first of its kind, researchers say it is impossible to say if expectations about marriage are changing or static.
But scholars say the search for sould mates has increased over the last generation ---- and the last century ---- as mariage has become an institution centering on romance rather than utility. “ One hundred years ago, people married for financial reasons, for tying families together, they married for political reasons,” Said John DeLamater, a sociologist at the University of Wisconsin. “ And most people had children.”
Those conditions are no longer the case for young adults like David Asher, a 24-year waiter in a Trenton café who has been in a relationship for about two years. He wants to wait to make sure he’s ready to change vows “ I know a lot of it has to do with financial reasons,” he said. “ Maybe
if you’re going to have children, marriage is the best bet.” But the main reason for matrimony: “ If you’re in love with someone, it’s sort of like promising to them you are in love.”
That’s all well and good, said Heather Helms-Erikson, an assistant professor of human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, but passion partly in endorpin- caused physiological phenomenon—has been known to diminish in time.
56. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. Marriage Scholars Worry Search for “Soul Mates” is Uneralistic
B. People Should Seek for Romantic Love like Romeo and Juliet
C. Marriage Should Hppen between Soul Mates
D. Search for “Soul Mates” Should be Superseded by Reality.
57. The new study in this passage shows that______.
A. many American are very practical when they search for a spouse
B. American 2-somethings have a largely romantic view of marriage
C. Romantic view of marriage might lead marriage to a happy ending
D. Americans are fond of marriage life so they will not care cohabitation
58. It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements regarding marriage?
A. It usually involves idealized mates who can serve their every physical and emotional need.
B. It may not be realized unles the couple consider carefully about therir responsibility and commitment.
C. It becomes more unrealistic nowadays than in the past because most people center on romance instead of utility.
D. It results from many reasons such as financial reasons, family reunion, an political reasons.
59. Which of the following is not one of the differences between this generation and the past generations as far as marriage is concerned?
A. The young people nowadays require more from marriage but they seem not to be willing to
make necessary commitments.
B. This generation expects too much from their spouse and they can not keep to be faithful to their husbands or wives.
C. The young people at present pay more attention to look for soul mates than the past generations when they search ofr partners.
D. Now some young people usually marry for the same reasons as the older generations such as financial ones and children.
60. Which of the following sentences will Heather Hems-Erikson use to illustrate her own argument?
A. Ten years into a marriage, you will still have great passion and you notice sometone else and say, “Only my wife or husband is my soul mate.”
B. “ The romantic part of marriage -= while it can be there – should not be substituted by other things such as shared values and social status.”
C. “The couple should focus on the ‘three Cs’ – communication, copnflict resolution and commitment to make marriage the first priority.”
D. “Ten years into a marriage, you don’t have that any more and you notice someone else and think, ’ maybe this person is my soul mate.”
Passage Three
Visiting a National Park can be realxing, inspiring and rejuvenating, but it can also be disturbing. As you drive into Rocky Mountain National Park, and you will see starving el, damaged meadows and ying forests. Our parks are growing old because we have mistakenly protected them from national Parks, the National Park Service must change its management priorities to prevent over population of animals and to restore natural process in the forest in orer to prevent their stagnation and “death” by old age. We must act soon: our parkes are dying of old
age because we have altered the forces in nature that keep them young and strong.
By tracing the history of our National Parks, we can understand the problem and see why we need active management. In the early part of the 20th century, settlers exploited wildlife heavily, resulting in near-extinction of many species. Therefore, several National Parks were established
by Congress primarily to save endangered animals. However, stricter wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management technique resulted in greater populations of animals overcrowding in areas of high concentration, such as the yellowstone elk herds. Complicating the problem, the National Park
Service in the early part of the 20th century adopted a policy of aggressive predator elimation, thus reducing natural wildlife population control. Subsequently, elk and deer population exploded in many National Parks, resulting in severe damage to native vegetation. Vigorous forest fire and insect suppression in the National Parks throughout the 20th century further altered the natural environment by allowing forests to over-mature, without natural thinning processes. Park managers thought that they were protecting the land, but actually they were removing important controls from the forest ecosystem.
Clearly, we must immediately if we want to pass down to our children and grandchildren the green legacy of our National Parks; we must step in and restore the natural processes wich we have altered through our well-intentioned, but misguided, policies in the past.
61. According to the aritcle, strict wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management techinques_____.
A. caused the near extinction of the endangered animals.
B. intervened the natural process.
C. made the visit of National Parks relaxing, and inspiring and rejuvenating.
D. saved the elks in the Rocky Mountain Park form starvation.
62. According to the author, there would not be starving elks, damaged meadows or dying forests in Natioanl Parks if ______.
A. the government introduced stricter wildlife laws.
B. the National Park Service employed more wildlife management technique.
C. the natural processes were restored
D. if we continued to improve our natural environment.
63. According to the ariticle, the population explosion of elk and deer was caused also by _____.
A. the adoption of a policy of aggressive predator elimination.
B. the increased number of National Parks.
C. the deceasing number of visitors to National Parks.
D. the heavy exploitation of endangered animals in the 20 century.
64. From the article, we can deduce that the author ______.
A. is in support of the resent policies.
B. Appreciates the present management techniques
C. Thinks that the forces in nature should be altered
D. Is strongly in favor of the natural processes.
65. Which one of ther following statements is NOT true according to the article?
A. Park managers interrupted the forest ecosystems through out the 20th century.
B. Flesh-eating animals should not be elimated.
C. Insect suppression may cause the forests to over-mature.
D. Severe damage to native vegetation in the forest is caused by fire.
Passage Four
At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our prupose was to consider ow social science historians might contribute tro the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debagte. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially cholars such as Gary Klck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite prodound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. It their
survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense- a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraind to attack potentially rmed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992,when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that eacho of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationsip between violent crime and unemployment.
Contray to Klect and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and American’s “gun culture’ are responsible for American’s high rates of murder. In Bellesiles’s opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, expecially among white, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assume guns and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Bellesiles’s low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with thouse of every istorian who has previously studied the subject and have thus far proven irreproducible.
Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong. Given the influene of Kjeck, Lott, Beliesiles, and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the hisrtory of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.
66. Which of the following statement is true about the public debate over gun control?
A. It has little influence on the forum sponsored by the Crime and Justice network.
B. Neither supporters or opponents of gun control cite the works of scholars.
C. The works of mainstream social scientists have great impact on it.
D. Many social science historians have so far failed to take part in it.
67. The author mentions Kleck, Lott, and Bellesiles mainly to ______.
A. illustrate the influence they have on the issue of gun control
B. refute the claim that private ownership of firearms will deter violent crimes.
C. Support thethesis that gun ownership leads to more violence
D. Demonstrate why research methods should be improved in the study of the gun ownership history
68. The author’s main criticism of John Lott is that he ______.
A. advocates private ownership of firearms
B. is not objective in his analysis
C. has analyzed a wrong period
D. has cited dubious statistics
69. With which of the following will Bellesiles most probably agree?
A. Gun control should be tightened
B. Guns have little to do with murder
C. “Gun culture” was the result of high homicide rates in America
D. The statistics that earlier istorians produced of gun ownership is reliable
70. The passage is primarily concerned with_____.
A. resolving a public dispute over gun control
B. descvribing the effects of earlier studies on gun control
C. analyzing the flaws in the previous theories about gun control
D. summarizing the recent development in the studies of gun control
Ⅳ Writing （15 points）
Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words
1．盗版现象日益严重
2．盗版造成的后果
3．我对抵制盗版问题的看法
Ⅴ Translation (20 points)
Part A(10 points)
Direction: Translation the following Chinese paragraph into Englih on your ANSWER SHEET.
中国已经成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。
Part B(10 points)
Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on youy ANSWER SHEET The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new acievements in art, literature, cience, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideals and attitudes that gave it the impres of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualismp; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values. It was a term derived rom Cicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man.
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb16056939.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part One: Listening Comprehension略 Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%) Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21._________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together. [A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive [C] Were they arriving [D] Were they to arrive 22._________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent. [A] He would leave school [B] He left school [C] He had left school [D] He has left school 23.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________. [A] to be shown [B] to have been shown [C] to have shown [D] being shown 24.__________ that should be given priority to. [A] It is the committee has decided [B] It is only the committee has decided [C] It is what the committee has decided [D] It is what has the committee decided 25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work. [A] less local free-spiritedness than [B] less local free-spiritedness than to [C] to less local free-spiritedness than to [D] less to local free-spiritedness than to 26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again. [A] has treated spectators with [B] has treated spectator for [C] has treated spectators [D] has treated spectators to 27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports. [A] as hardly culturally enriching as [B] as hardly enriching culture as
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb16056939.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb16056939.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
北京大学英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题huazi 发表于2007-1-20 11:00:00 推荐 北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题 Part One: Structure and Written Expression Direction: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably comp lete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the AN SWER SHEET. (20%) 1 . The doctor's ___ is that she'll soon be as good as new if she takes insul in and watche s her diet. A.agnosticism B. anticipation C. diagnosis D. prognosis 2.It is understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of m his hearing wi11 remain forever unspoken. A.uncommunicatively B. acceptab1y C. tacitly D. taciturnly 3. ___ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous. A. A compliment B. An adulatory C. Flattery D. Praise 4.Leaving for work m plenty of time to catch the train will _____ worry about being late. A.rule off B. prevent C. avoid D? obviate 5.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe. A. vociferously B. patriotically C. verbosely D. loquaciously 6.People suffering from prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken m 1arge public buildings and open fields.
08重庆大学博士英语考试试题 2008年重庆大学博士入学考试英语试卷 (Time Limit: 180 minutes) Part I: Reading Comprehension 40 % Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. Passage One Problems and discouragements will face the leader, but he can overcome them with staying power. It seems as if many of the world’s famous people faced some of the greatest difficulties and discouragements in carrying out their visions. Christopher Columbus, for instance, concluded from the information he acquired from his travels and from studying charts and maps, that the earth was round and that he could reach Asia by sailing west. But he needed a patron to finance such an expedition. He first tried John II., King of Portugal, without success, and then, the Count of Medina Celi in Spain. The Count encouraged Columbus for two years, but never actually provided him with the money and supplies he needed. Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Castile in Spain, were then contacted. A review of Columbus’ plans by a committee appointed by the queen
历年真题 2000年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 PartⅡStructure & Written Expression Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (25%) 1．Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to know their yearnings, their impulses, and their warts-this was effective______． A．motivation B．point of view C．characterization D．background 2．The appeal to the senses known as______is especially common in poetry． A．imaginative B．imaginable C．ingenious D．imagery 3．If you've got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and______with him．A．tell it B．have it out C．say it D．have it known 4．There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colors and styles in men's clothing, but none of them______． A．has caught on B．has caught him out C．has caught up D．take roots 5．The retired engineer plunked down＄50,000in cash for a mid-size Mercedes as a present for his wife______a purchase with money made in the stock market the week before． A．paid off B．paid through C．paid out D．paid for 6．He has courage all right, but in matters requiring judgment, he has often been found sadly______． A．lack it B．absent C．in need of it D．wanting 7．Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation______themselves now on the verge of losing the war． A．only found B．finding only C．only to find D．have only found 8．The once separate issue of environment and development are now______linked． A．intangible B．indispensable C．inextricably D．incredibly 9．The need to see that justice is done______every decision made in the courts． A．implants into B．imposes on C．impinges upon D．imprecates upon 10．Two thirds of the U. S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater______the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance． A．was it not because of B．had it not been for C．were it not for D．would it not have been for 11．No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything______going on in the world． A．it is B．there is C．as is D．what is 12．If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle______the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected． A．on B．for C．against D．with 13．Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, ______occupations for which technical training is necessary． A．so too there are B．so also there are C．so there are too D．so too are there 14．It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administration to ignore requirements for______drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests． A．specific B．generic C．intricate D．acrid 15．The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial wars that______Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one an other． A．pitted B．drove C．kept D．embarked 16．The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest______without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association． A．is not possible B．would not be possible C．will not be possible D．cannot be possible 17．From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics______in tum evolved the politics of our modern world． A．of which B．from which C．on which D．by which 18．The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel that
北京邮电大学2012-2013 学年秋季学期 2012级《博士英语写作》期末考试试卷 Name in Chinese ___________________ Name in pinyin: ___________________ Student no __________________ Class no :_______ School / Institute ___________________ 1 / 9
PART A : Controlled Writing i)ARTICLES: Fill in the gaps with an article as appropriate: the / a / an OR 0 (no article) 15points (10 points) 2 / 9
ii)REGISTER: Re-write these sentences in a more formal register (e.g. using PASSIVE form, formal register vocabulary items, etc.) (10 points) 1.Obesity is getting a lot of attention nowadays in modern society. 2. 3. 4.. 5. 6. 7. 8.. 9. 10. 3 / 9
iii)LINK WORDS: Complete these texts by choosing the most appropriate LlNK WORD or PHRASE (10 points) Even though computers are clever machines, they cannot understand ordinary spoken English or any other natural language. 1)Yet / Likewise / In fact, the only language central processors can understand consists of a series of binary digits. Such a language can be understood directly by a machine. The instructions are 2)also / therefore / actually said to be in “machine code”.However, machine code as a means of communication is very difficult to write. 3) So / And / Instead we use symbolic languages that are easier to understand. By using a special program, these languages can then be translated into machine code. 4) Similarly / Hence / For example, the so called “assembly languages”use abbreviations such as ADD, SUB, MPY to represent instructions. 5)In other words / In brief / In this case, they are labels which can be easily associated with the items to which they refer. 4 / 9
博士研究生英语教学 一．教学目的及目标 以感受语言，认识语言，应用语言为主导，以提高学生的实际应用能力为目标。在反思语言习得的过程中，探索一种全新的教学模式（源于且高于单一语言层面的教学，即基于语篇层面的文本结构，在语篇层面上对文本进行三位一体的诠释，了解英美族人的思维方式），增强论文和学术研究中的批判性思维的意识，培养批判性思维的习惯（通过洞察力达到更深层次的知识和理解），强化创造性技能（区别于侧重于以听力和阅读为主导的接受性技能），即提高学生交际和写作的能力，使之符合清晰性、准确性、精确性、相关性、深度、广度、逻辑和意义的评价标准（限于课时，故侧重于理念教学，本源教学，形态教学，方法论教学，从认识论的角度培养学生的解构能力）。 二．教学理念 从传统的侧重于语言层面的教学观念转移到以思维层面为主导，兼顾语言层面的全新的教学观念，即了解英美族人怎么想、怎么组织思想、怎么表达的思维层面，从而实现正确的交际目的（怎么用），完善学习的对象（学以致用），而不只停留在单一的体现语法与词汇的语句即语言层面。语言是表达思想的物质载体, 是逻辑思维的工具, 是思维过程的再现；而思维对世界的反映是借助于语言来实现的。 三．教学定位
以思维模式为切入点（显著区别于本科生，即通过纯粹的联想或死记硬背以及练习来完成的低阶段的学习；硕士生，即大量的知识积累却缺乏知识自身的相关逻辑；以及其他兄弟院校的英语教学，具有武汉大学特色的博士研究生英语教学），提高学生的综合分析能力，倡导英语学习的方法论，以期突破英语学习的瓶颈问题。知其然更力求知其所以然，强化实践过程中的批判性思维能力（分析性、逻辑性、系统化）。 四．教学手段/方法 以三位一体（角度的界定，文献的摘录，功能的区分）的训练方法完成对文本的解构，运用批判性思维的分析能力，以期了解英美族人的思维方式即what to write，组织布局即how to write和结构功能即why to write。如下所示： 五．教学内容及计划 在一学期的课堂教学实践中，重点比较，解析不同文章（分别为不同风格的书籍、评论及演讲的体裁，以及兼顾文理学科的有关计算机、经济与哲学的不同题材），通过异同点的比较，
2017年上海交通大学博士入学测试英语试题回忆 阅读理解Passage One Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II. In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level. In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters. One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability —rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The construction of apartments in the United States. (B) Causes and effects of rent control (C) The fluctuations of rental prices (D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States. 2. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California? (A) rapid population growth (B) inflation (C) economic conditions during wartime (D) record-high housing prices 3. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to (A) protect tenants