I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊
英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） 英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） Chapter 1第一章 Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5. The monwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has about 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931 年，至1990年止已有约50个成员国。 Chapter 2 第二章 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）
人文知识 英国： 概述 简称：UK，Britain（英国，不列颠）, United Kingdom （联合王国）; 全称: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国) . 地理位置：位于欧洲大陆临近西北海岸线的国家 a state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe ; surrounded by （被…包围）the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋)，the North Sea(北海)，the English Channel（英吉利海峡）and the Irish Sea(爱尔兰海)。 Four parts: England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 与爱尔兰共和国（The Republic of Ireland）接壤：the only part of UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state. 国旗（National Flag）: Union Flag, Union Jack. Made up of the individual Flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 国歌（National Anthem）: God Save the Queen/King(天佑女王/吾王) A patriotic song first performed in 1745; became known as the National Anthem from the beginning of the nineteenth century. 国庆日（National Day）: 无正式国庆日；the Queen’s Official Birthday(the second Saturday of June)英女王的官方诞辰即6月第二个星期六。（6 2 6）
世界旅游地理
英国旅游资源介绍 ( xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx学院 xx级xxxxxxxx班 xxxxxxxx xxxxx ) 摘要：英国是个旅游资源丰富的国家，文物古迹比比皆是，自然风景秀色可餐，还有着独特的社会风情，旅游资源十分丰富。本论文将从英国的自然环境、人文概况、社会风情、著名景点四个方面来分析英国得天独厚的旅游资源。 关键词：英国景点旅游资源 一、自然环境 英国是欧洲西部、大西洋中的岛国，由大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛东北部及附近的一些小岛组成。 英国属于典型的温带海洋性气候，多云雾。英国受盛行西风控制，全年温和湿润，四季寒暑变化不大。每年二月至三月最为干燥，十月至来年一月最为湿润。塞文河、泰晤士河为境内主要河流，湖泊众多。 东南部的田园风光有“英格兰花园”之誉，“花园”中一座四季如春的小城坎特伯雷是英国基督教圣地;西南拥有全国最温暖的海滨和历史名城巴斯；北部奔宁山西侧是山清水秀、风光迤逦的大片湖区；南部的埃夫伯里及巨石阵遗址世界闻名；苏格兰地区山高谷深、林草茂密，其迷人的自然风光和尼斯湖水怪吸引了世界各地的游客；南部的爱丁堡是著名的文化名城，其峭壁嶙峋的死火山、冰川侵蚀的山谷、巍峨的宫殿教堂和丰富的收藏以及古风犹存的建筑使爱丁堡赢得了“欧洲最美丽的城市”及“北方雅典”的美誉。 二、人文概况 英国是个有着深厚文化底蕴的国家，文物古迹众多，人文资源丰富。许多城市，如“万城之花”伦敦、“北方雅典”爱丁堡、大学城牛津、剑桥、古色古香的约克城、莎翁故乡斯特拉特福都是享有世界声誉的旅游名城。 伦敦从古代罗马帝国以来一直保持着自己的悠久传统，这里的每一个角落都有历史遗痕在诉说过去，这里的大街小巷都流露着历尽霜雪的风采。如果到伦敦塔或威斯敏斯特大教堂去探寻游览，一刹那间，你会觉得似乎又回到了数百年前，而为迎接千禧年而建造的英航“伦敦眼”则会令你为之一振。 而伯明翰呈现出来的则是另一番景象。这里只有少数的高楼大厦，大部分建筑都是维多利亚式的二层楼房，古朴典雅。伯明翰是英国近年来发展迅速的文化
英美概况（英国篇5:大英帝国的兴衰 ) I. Whigs and Tories 辉格党人和托利党人 These two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688). 这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。 The Whig were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal Party. 辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。辉格党人在 19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组盟组成自由党。 The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party. 托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。托利党是保守党的前身。 I. Agricultural Changes in the Late 18th Century 18世纪末的农业革命 During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the "open-field" system ended when the Enclosure Act was passed. The movement lasted for centuries. Agricultural enclosure had good as well as bad results: 18世纪末、19世纪初的农业革命期间，随着《圈地法》的颁布，传统的"开放田地"制结束。圈地运动持续了将近一个多世纪。农业圈地运动的利弊共存： （1） Farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small; 由于大农场兼并了小农场，农场成为越来越在的生产单位； （2） More vegetables, more milk and more dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied; 人们消费的蔬菜，牛奶及奶制品越来越多，饮食种类愈加丰富； （3） Enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands by the enclosures. These peasant farmers were forced to look for work in towns. Enclosure led to mass emigration, particularly to the New World; 圈地对佃家而言是场灾难，他们被赶出土地，被迫到城镇找工作。圈地运动导致了大规模的移民，尤其是移民至新大陆。 （4） A new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships. 农村关系中产生了新的阶级对立。 II. The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830) 工业革命（1780-1830） 1．The industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 工业革命指的是17世纪末、18世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。
●Great Britain ●Geographical features and the People 1.The British Isles are situated in the northwest part of the Europe. 2.Britain ruled an empire that had 1/4 of the world’s people and 1/4 of the world’s land area. It had colonies in North America, Asia, Africa and Australia. 3.The empire maintains links through a loose organization—Commonwealth of Nations英联邦. 4.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 5.大不列颠和英国的关系：Great Britain【England+Scotland+Wales(英伦三岛)】 +Northern Ireland=The UK 6.The UK—Capital:London Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. --Capital: Edinburgh. Wales is in the west of Great Britain. -- Capital: Cardiff 7.Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. --- Capital: Belfast. 8.英国地势：-- Rising in North-West causes highlands -- Sinking in South-East causes lowlands 9.英国地势优点Advantage: No part of Britain is very far from the coast and it provides a valuable resource. The British coast is long and has good, deep harbors. Sea routes extend far inland, providing cheap transportation. 10.最重要河流：The Thames – the best-known 最长河：The Severn – the longest river 最高山：Ben Nevis(位于Scotland)-the highest mountain 最大山脉：Pennines奔宁山脉(位于England) Pennines: the backbone of England 11.Scotland：Capital--Edinburgh 1)the 2nd largest of the 4 nations 2)famous for its great castle 3)尼斯湖水怪(Loch Ness-Nessie) 12.Wales：Capital:--Cardiff 威尔士人是凯尔特人(Celt)的后裔，会讲Celtic(凯尔特语). 13.英国气候:maritime climate海洋性气候 14.London:世界第四大城市，世界三大经融中心之一，政治经济文化中心 标志性建筑：Buckingham Palace,Big Ben,London Eye,Tower of London,Tower Bridge 15.The United Kingdom has been a member of European Union since 1973 Britain is now a Multiracial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity. London plays a significant role in Britain’s economic and cultural life. It’s not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.
英国概况 1，英国名称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) 2，地理位置：Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles, the largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe, with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part of the territory of the state known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded by over 1,000[citation needed] smaller islands and islets. 或者回答British mainland western Europe from Great Britain and Ireland, north-east and many nearby islands， She east by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, up to the North Atlantic off Iceland, Yugoslavia and the European continent, separated only by a strip of water, the English Channel 3, 英国首都：London 4,组成部分：England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 5,民族：England Welsh、Scotch、Irish 6, 英国国旗：the Union Flag英国国歌：God Save The Queen 天佑女7，三次外族入侵：ⅠRoman Conquest；43AD, the roman empire
英美概况复习 此为大学英语专业考试内容，下文含翻译。 USA I. Geography 1. Geographic Features 1.1 The Eastern Highlands Formed by the Appalachian Range.? 1. An average elevation of 800 meters above the sea level.? 2. The highest peak:? Mount Mitchell (1856 m)：the highest peak of the Appalachian Range ? 3. East: the narrow Atlantic Coast plain 1.2 The Central Plains 1. Vast plains between the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains? 2. Drained by the Mississippi River and its tributaries? 3. Usually divided into two regions:? 1) the Great Plains in the west: vast treeless prairies in the west and agricultural areas in the east? 2) the Central Lowland in the east: from the five Great Lakes to central Texas 1.3 The Western Mountains High plateaus and mountainous country? 1. The Rocky Mountains: over 3,000 meters above the sea level? The continental divide of the United States ? 2. West of the Rockies:? the Columbia Plateau in the north ? the Colorado Plateau in the south Grand Canyon,the Great Basin in between? The Pacific Mountain System consists of three regions: The Cascade Range, the Sierra-Nevada, and the Pacific Coast Range.? The Sierras contain Mount Whitney (4421m), the highest peak in the US outside Alaska.? Death Valley in eastern California, 85 meters below sea level 2. Climate The United States has a large size and a wide range of geographic features. Every type of climate is represented in the country: The climate is temperate in most areas, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semi-arid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in Coastal California, arid in the Great Basin? Extreme weather is common: the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes occur within the continental United States, primarily in the Midwest.
《英语国家概况》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程编码：B170832223 课程类别：专业基础课 课程名称：英语国家概况 课程性质：必修 适用专业：翻译 开课学期：第三学期 总学分：2 总学时：32 先行课程：英语语法、英语口语、英语听力、英汉翻译 课程简介：本课程属于翻译专业教学课程体系中的专业基础课。该课程旨培养学生实际运用语言的能力，帮助学生打下坚实的专业基础，达到专业四级水平；同时培养学生良好学习作风和正确学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立工作能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性。 推荐教材：王恩铭. 英语国家概况[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2013 参考书目： [1] 来安方. 英美概况[M]. 河南: 河南人民出版社, 2007 [2] 余志远. 英语国家概况主编[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2000 [3] 朱永涛. 英国社会与文化[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003 二、课程总目标 以《英语国家概况》（王恩铭著）为蓝本。本课程主要是为了使英语专业学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况，了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他情况。本课程是一门实用性很强的文化知识课。一方面通过英语阅读主要英语国家的背景材料扩大知识面，另一方面通过学习文化知识进行语言基本功的训练，巩固和提高英语水平。 三、教学指南 课程重点：本课程教学的重点使英语专业学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况，了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的 其他情况。 课程难点：在使学生了解英语国家主要的地理、历史、经济和政治等方面的概况同时，还要培养学生良好学习作风和正确学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立 工作能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性。 教学方法和手段：讲授+讨论+练习
I.Whigs and Tories 辉格党人和托利党人 These two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688). 这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。 The Whig were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal Party. 辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。辉格党人在19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组盟组成自由党。 The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party. 托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。托利党是保守党的前身。 I. Agricultural Changes in the Late 18th Century 18世纪末的农业革命 During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the "open-field" system ended when the Enclosure Act was passed. The movement lasted for centuries. Agricultural enclosure had good as well as bad results: 18世纪末、19世纪初的农业革命期间，随着《圈地法》的颁布，传统的"开放田地" 制结束。圈地运动持续了将近一个多世纪。农业圈地运动的利弊共存： （1）Farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small; 由于大农场兼并了小农场，农场成为越来越在的生产单位； （2）More vegetables, more milk and more dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied; 人们消费的蔬菜，牛奶及奶制品越来越多，饮食种类愈加丰富； （3）Enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands by the enclosures. These peasant farmers were forced to look for work in towns. Enclosure led to mass emigration, particularly to the New World; 圈地对佃家而言是场灾难，他们被赶出土地，被迫到城镇找工作。圈地运动导致了大规模的移民，尤其是移民至新大陆。 （4）A new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships. 农村关系中产生了新的阶级对立。 II. The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830) 工业革命（1780-1830） 1．The industrial Revolution refers to the mechanisation of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 工业革命指的是17世纪末、18世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。 2．Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors: 英国成为第一个工业化的国家，原因如下： (1) Favourable geopraphical location. Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade;
Chapter 1 第一章 Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names：the British Isles，Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain （the larger one）and Ireland，and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain：England，Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 （1）England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest，most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 （2）Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones （the Highlands in the north；the Central lowlands；the south Uplands）Capital：Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain （1，343m）。 本尼维斯山为苏格兰，也是英国最高峰，海拔1，343米。
Chapter One British Section one :the country and its people https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee14417164.html, and position : name : The United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (U.K) position：To the west and off the European Continent, containing the Great Britain and the northern part of Ireland. Territory proportion: approximately 240,000 square km. Population : 62.262million Three political parts: England, Wales and Scotland England (capital city: London):the biggest ,the most developed as well as the most populated country in the U.K (capital city: London) Scotland (capital city:Edinburgh): Wales :smallest part Ireland :Henry VIII was the first king to bring Ireland under control; gain its independence in 1927. 2.Geographic Features:
Chapter 1 General Introduction to Physiographical Features of the UK ?The Locations of the UK ?The Physiographical Features of the UK ?Rivers and Mountains ?Climate and weather ?Population ?The Major Cities ?Exercises and Answers Focus questions ?What is the full name of the British state? ?What countries does it consist of? ?What is the total population of the United Kingdom? Where do most British people live? What is the most densely populated area of Britain? What is the least populated? ?What are the major cities in Britain? Three terms The complicated full name of the UK The location of the UK ?Britain is situated in western Europe and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. ?It is an insular country. Its coastline runs 12,429 km, It is one of the countries with longest coastline. ?To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America. The Physiographical Features of the UK ?Varied landscape ?Flatlands in England ?Mountains in Scoltland and Wales
英国国家概况及英国文化、教育简介 国名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 ( The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) 国旗：呈横长方形，长与宽之比为２∶１。为“米”字旗，由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。此旗产生于１８０１年，是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。 国徽：即英王徽。中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金地上半站立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴，象征爱尔兰。盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言，意为“恶有恶报”；下端悬挂着嘉德勋章，饰带上写着“天有上帝，我有权利”。盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。 国歌：《上帝保佑女王》 "god save the queen"（如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为"god save the king"） 国花：玫瑰花 国鸟：红胸鸽 国石：钻石 科学节：１８３１年开始，一年举办一次 科学周：１９９４年开始，在每年的３月举办 自然地理：２４．４１万平方公里（包括内陆水域），英格兰地区１３.０４万平方公里，苏格兰７. ８８万平方公里，威尔士２. ０８万平方公里，北爱尔兰１. ４１万平方公里。位于欧洲西部的岛国。由大不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）、爱尔兰岛东北部和周围一些小岛组成。隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。海岸线总长１１４５０公里。全境分为四部分：英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。主要河流有塞文河（３５４公里）和泰晤士河（３４６公里）。北爱尔兰的讷湖（３９６平方公里）面积居全国之首。属海洋性温带阔叶林气候，终年温和湿润。通常最高气温不超过３２℃，最低气温不低于－１０℃，平均气温１月４～７℃，７月１３～１７℃。多雨雾，秋冬尤甚。年平均降水量约１０００毫米。北部和西部山区的年降水量超过１６００毫米，中部和东部则少于８００毫米。每年三月至六月最为干燥，九月至来年一月最为湿润。 人口：５８８３万（２０００年７月），其中英格兰人４９３０万，苏格兰人５１０万，威尔士人２９０万，北爱尔兰人１７０万。官方和通用语均为英语。威尔士北部还使用威尔士语，苏格兰西北高地及北爱尔兰通用盖尔语。居民多信奉基督教新教，主要分英格兰教会（也称英国国教圣公会，其成员约占英成人的６０％）和苏格兰教会（也称长老会，有成年教徒６６万）。另有天主教会和印度教、犹太教及伊斯兰教等较大的宗教社团。 首都：伦敦(london)；人口：７２８．５万（１９９９年）。最热月份为７月，一般气温在１３℃－２２℃；最冷月份为１月，一般气温在２℃－６℃。 行政区划：分英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰四部分。英格兰划分为４３个郡，苏格兰下设２９个区和３个特别管辖区，北爱尔兰下设２６个区，威尔士下设２２个区。苏格兰、威尔士议会及其行政机构全面负责地方事务，外交、国防、总体经济和货币政策、就业政策以及社会保障等仍由中央政府控制。伦敦称“大伦敦”(Greater London)，下设独立的３２个城区(London boroughs) 和１个“金融城”(City of London)。各区议会负责各区主要事务，但与大伦敦市长及议会协同处理涉及整个伦敦的事务。此外，英国还有１２个属地。