考研图表作文的写法
一、命题作文-----------省略
二、图表作文
图表作文在考研中总共只出现过两次，分别是1997年与1999年，它是一种介于命题作文和图画作文之间的写作形式，再考的可能性不大，但是却对图画式作文的学习非常有益。
图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分，而当前的图表作文大多还有第三个段落。图表作文的规律性很强，不像图画式作文那样富于变化。
1．首段的写作
图表作文有表格（table）、柱形图（bar chart）、饼状图（pie chart）和折线图（diagram）之分，后三种都是属于图表的范畴（chart）。不管是chart还是table，都需要进行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量（A），每个变量有几个数据（B），不妨以A*B表示。
如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，可以描述如下：
From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.
如果是最常见的是2*3的情形，可以描述如下：
From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.
这里用了while引起从句来突显对比，是一种非常好的办法，如果用两句话来描述，也完全可以。
如果是1*n（n>3）的情形，将头与尾描述出来即可，比较好的方法就是在句中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。
碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形，大家应首先进行分类，分成上升、下降两类，或者上升、下降、不变三类，这样问题就迎刃而解了。
2．第二段的写作
第二段是解释原因的段落。我们谈谈两个问题。
首先是过渡句这个问题。这里不大可能放在第一段，因为第一段不可能象有的命题作文那样简洁（如只有一句）——例如提纲式作文中的批驳类文章中除二段首句批驳之外还有首段末句批驳，效果很强烈。
其次就是此段的主题句(topic sentence)的问题。此句或主观或客观并无拘束，只要上下文风格统一即可。主观：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows.
主观之变体（使用插入语，突显主语）：Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon.
Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon.
Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.
注意:插入语的使用属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧，可以达到很好的效果。
主观之变体（使用插入语）：Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon.
客观：Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.
在主题句之后，可以使用连接词分两个、三个或四个方面来写，其中分三个方面来写最为常见。这里就与普通的说明文与议论文一样了——可以由最重要的到最不重要的，也可以由最不重要的到最重要的，也可能平行分布，依具体情况而定，不一而足。
3．第三段的写作
第三段直接写结论的情况已基本没有了。如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，那么这一段写解决办法的可能性最大。
如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化，那么这一段很可能是两种情况——可能写负面的影响或存在的问题，或者写未来趋势或发展方向。
咱们看看很象利弊类的情况，如一篇文章的第三段：
上述情况均是依提纲而定，提纲中如果没有第三点，那么一般说来，若是问题则写办法，若是好事则写展望，根据具体情况而定。
三、图画作文
图画作文在最近八年中考了七次，可谓占据了大作文的统治地位。图画作文可分为图片、漫画与照片等多种。图画作文总体上比图表作文的结构变化更多，更为灵活，因此难度也更大。
1．描述图画
图画作文对图画的描述应在第一段进行，且最好在首句即开始。此类作文大部分是一幅图，也会有两幅图出现的情况。如果出现两幅图，则很有可能是突显对比的情况。
图画上可能没有任何文字，也可能在上面出现了一句话，也可以单个人物说话或两个人物对话，也可能在图画外写了总结性的一句话。大家注意，这一句话或两句话一般是非常重要的，应予译出。
一般说来，对图画的描写不必过长，应以简练、准确为标准。
2．图画类作文结构分析
从七年的图画作文提纲来看，可以看出，出题越来越合理，越来越符合规律，我们来看一下。
年份〖〗提纲〖〗分析
1998〖〗1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.
2. Give your comments.〖〗首段描述图画。
第二段和第三段分别写原因和危害。
2000〖〗1. Describe the pictures.
2. Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures.
3. Suggest your countermeasures.〖〗首段描述图画。
第二段推测绘画者意图。
第三段提出解决办法。
2001〖〗1. Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,
2. Give a specific example, and
3. Give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.〖〗首段描述图画、指出图画的象征意义。
第二段举例说明主题。
第三段指出献爱心的最好办法，深化主题。
2002〖〗1. Describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and
2. Give your comment on the phenomenon.〖〗第一段描述图画。
第二段解释含义。
第三段对此现象做出评论。
2003〖〗1. Describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2. Point out its implications in our life.〖〗第一段描述图画。
第二段类比于生活中孩子的教育问题，并分析此现象出现的原因。
第三段做结。
2004〖〗1) Describe the drawing
2) Interpret its meaning, and
3) Support your view with examples.〖〗第一段是描述图画。
第二段是类比于人类一条永恒的真理。
第三段是举例说明。
2005〖〗1) Describe the drawing,
2) Interpret its meaning, and
3) Give your comment on it.〖〗第一段是描述图画。
第二段是类比于孩子不孝敬老人的现象。
第三段发表评论。
我们想象中的最典型最理想的图画题提纲应该是下面这样：
1．描述图画
2．推导绘画者的意图
3．做出评论
对于这一提纲我们来做具体分析，其中第三点更要细致研究。首先由图画引出一种社会现象或社会问题，可以是好的，也可以是不好的。在推导绘画者的意图时多是展开说此现象或问题的表现，以证明其引人注目。还有一种可能性是说此现象或问题产生的原因，提纲可直接列出，或还用上述提纲。这时可把简单意图推导直接放到第一段描述图画之后，而在第二段中说原因。
第三段做出评论，有可能只是简单评论、深化主题就结束，但这种可能性越来越小了。这一部分很可能说的是办法，不好的事情就是如何解决的办法，好的事情就是如何进一步发展的方法。
通过上述列表，我们可以看出，多年以来，真实的提纲是怎样一步步地向我们想象中的理想模式靠近的。对于提纲里面出现的变化和规律，我们来分析一下。
我们仔细分析，会发现历年考研真题基本上都呈现“现象或问题——原因解释——解决办法”这样的模式，但变化非常多。因为我们谈论的既可以是一件值得弘扬的好事，也可能是一个令人忧心忡忡的社会问题；针对后者我们极有可能需要提出做法；而对于前者，可能解释一下就结束了，也可能要写出相应的做法。综上所述，可以看出，比起图表作文来，图画作文要更灵活，更富于变化。我们一定要多练习以达到一看到图画（含图中和图边文字）和提纲（有时有文章标题）就能有效地审题解题，构造出合理的具体段落的目的。
这里面还有个问题，就是举例子，近年来已明确出现了两次，这一点大家一定要多练习。
Directions1
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
2. interpret their meaning, and
3. point out the reasons for such phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
审题：
这道题包含两幅对比鲜明的图画，指令要求在描述图画后阐明含义并给出该现象的原因。我们应该这样来构造全文：第一段描述图画；第二段发表自己对图画的看法；第三段给出该现象的原因；第四段下结论，简要提出解决问题的办法。经过学习之后，大家就会知道这是一个极为重要的模式，请大家用心掌握。Sample:
As is depicted by the two pictures, a sharp contrast is shaped between the parents and the son. In the left drawing, the parents are working hard in the field, bending over and sweating heavily. Near them is a basket with very simple food in it. However, in the right drawing, their son is squandering the money on luxurious food and chatting on mobile phone.
How pitiful the parents are! They spare no efforts to earn money in order to support their son’s study and life in university. They seem to be willing to do everything that is helpful to their beloved son. But, in return, the son spends the money as he likes without knowing how hard his parents work for it and how he should use it to better prepare himself for future career.
In my opinion, the reasons for this phenomenon come down to one essential point—failure of both family and school educat ion. For one thing, quite a lot of Chinese parents spoil their children. All parents’ love for children is
the same, but different is the way of showing it. Many parents hope too much that their children will have a bright future, which, in their eyes, means key universities, hot majors, good salaries and so on. So they try their best to satisfy the children’s demands instead of teaching them to struggle for future with their own hands. For another, centered on exam marks, the school education also fails, to a large extent, to impart moral standards to the children, especially the conception of self-reliance and hard struggle.
In a word, to change the phenomenon described by the above pictures, a reform in our current education system is not only necessary but urgent.
点评：
第一段的重点是在描述时突出两幅图画之间强烈的反差，所以这里专门加上了第一句话。这一段在用词上也很考究。第二段强烈地表达了自己的感想。首句使用了感叹句。而后先说父母竭尽全力挣钱供孩子读书，后说孩子不知父母辛苦，不懂得如何正确利用父母的血汗钱。第三段给出了该现象的原因——家庭和学校教育的失败，而后分为两方面来说，结构极为清晰。最后一段只有一句话，掷地有声——要想改变现状，只能改革当前的教育体系。
心得：
全文一气呵成，读来倍感畅快。从描述图画，到发表评论，到给出原因，再到解决办法，可谓浑然一体。既有全局的考虑，又有细微处语言的运用，该文值得大家细细品味。
Directions 2
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture, and
2. point out the reasons why more and more foreigners like to live in China.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
审题：
《西湖晨景》该题目非常简洁，在提纲中已给出文章的主题，即越来越多的外国人喜爱在中国生活——在描述图画后，给出原因即可。
Sample:
What an attractive scene it is! On such a peaceful and beautiful morning by West Lake, a middle-aged foreigner is jogging—he is enjoying the fresh air, cool breeze and charming scenery. From this picture, we can see clearly that the foreigner enjoys life in this Chinese city, Hangzhou.
As a matter of fact, in the past few years, more and more foreigners have chosen to live in China. Some work here, some pursue their study in universities and even some join volunteer activities in China. The reasons why more and more foreigners like to live in China can be listed as follows. To begin with, since China’s reform and opening up in 1978, our country has witnessed great progress in nearly all aspects of the society, especially in economy, which provides a far better environment of working, investing and studying for foreigners. Second, economic globalization has made cultural blending possible and necessary. Foreigners have come to know more and more about Chinese culture and become influenced by it, which has formed the important basis of their living in China. Last but not the least; it is obvious that with every effort we have made in environmental protection, our country has become a place more and more suitable and pleasant to live in.
In my opinion, the arrival of foreigners brings more chances and opportunities of economic development. So why not seize such chances to embrace our bright future?
点评：
第一段描述图画。这一段写得非常精彩，先以感叹句开头，而后描述图画，最后小结——这位外国人喜爱在杭州的生活。
第二段前两句总结了外国人来我国的现象。第三句是原因类的模板句，而后分三点来说：第一点是说改革开放后我国经济发展迅速，给外国人提供了很好的工作、投资和学习环境；第二点是说经济全球化促进文
化融合——外国人对中国文化了解更多，这构成了他们在中国生活的重要基础；第三点是说环境保护效果显著，居住条件自然改善了。
最后一段说外国人的到来带到了更多的经济发展的机会，所以为什么不抓住这些机会来拥抱我们美好的明天呢？
心得：
要写出好文章，首先要对文章的基本结构非常熟悉，而后再做出一些变化，这些变化通常就是亮点。比如第一段先使用了一个感叹句，立即吸引了读者的注意力。第三段第二句使用了反问句，效果非常强烈。Directions 3
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. Describe the drawing,
2. Analyze the reasons why it is difficult for university graduates to find a job, and
3. Point out the possible ways to solve the problem.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
审题：
《招员工七名》这篇文章关注的是当前重要的就业难问题。它的要求非常明确，在描述图画后，先给出原因，再给出解决办法，这是非常常见的文章模式。
Sample:
The recruiting fair in the above drawing is filled with young graduates each holding a pile of resumes in their hands. Around a desk in the front of the drawing, there are dozens of students waiting to hand in their resumes but only seven are wanted by the company as is written on a board beside the desk.
It is clear that the drawer wants to draw our attention to the difficulty that today’s university graduates are faced with in finding a job. In fact, in many universities and colleges, the employment rate of graduates is lower than 50% and much fewer can find a satisfactory job. The reasons for this situation can be listed as follows. In the first place, the enrolment expansion of universities and colleges has resulted in a great increase in the number of graduates every year, which has exceeded the increase in positions in the job market. What makes things worse is that quite a lot of students like to choose those hot majors when they enter the university and to look for jobs in big developed cities when they graduate. So it is even more difficult for them to find a suitable job.
From my point of view, the society and the graduates need to join their hands in the endeavor to solve this problem. On the one hand, the society should continue to focus on economic development so as to provide bigger employment chances for the graduates. On the other hand, the students should choose the majors that they are really interested in and well capable of and broaden their horizon when looking for jobs. Only in this way can they gain larger space for their future career.
点评：
该文分为三段，第一段描述图画，第二段对此问题进行了小结，而后给出了原因。第三段提出了解决问题的办法。
第一段共用两句话，第一句是远景，第二句由远及近，展示了求职者之多与实际招聘人数之少。第二段共分六句话，前两句总结了大学毕业生就业难这一情况，第三句话是原因类的模板句。第四句话说扩招带来的影响。第五句话和第六句话说大学生选择热门的专业，使就业难的矛盾更加突出。第三段共分四句话，第一句话是总括句，说社会和毕业生应携起手来解决问题，而后分两句话分别说明。最后一句话是总结，使用了语气强烈的倒装句。
心得：
这是常考的模式，望大家用心学习。
Directions 4
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. Describe the table,
2. Suggest possible solutions to the problem of the heavy burden of university tuition in China.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
国家大学年平均学费国民人均年收入比值
美国4，700美元35，000美元1/8
英国1，500英镑15，000英镑1/10
中国7，500元7，500元 1
审题：
在审题的环节中，我们应当将读图表（图画）和看提纲有机地结合起来。有的时候，提纲中会把文章的主题直接给出来，这时我们文章的整体布局就会容易得多。在这道题的提纲中，就出现了“中国大学学费负担沉重的问题”的字样，这就是该文的主题，我们的文章应该围绕它展开。
Sample:
From the above table we can see that in America and Britain the ratio of average annual tuition of universities to gross national income per capita is about 1 to 10, but astonishingly that in China is 1. That is to say, the burden of university tuition on Chinese families is nearly ten times heavier than that on American or British families. As a matter of fact, most Chinese families feel it difficult to afford the high tuition of their children, and some absolutely cannot afford it, which has received more and more concern from all over the country.
In order to solve this problem, I strongly suggest the following solutions. First and foremost, it is a must to reduce the cost of higher education. We need to cut down the staff in universities, most of whom now have a disproportionately large number of administrators. The now widespread corruption should also be eliminated in universities, such as unnecessary tours and banquets at public expense. Moreover, much importance should be attached to the reform of management system of higher education. The national government should not only increase financial investment in higher education but also optimize the distribution of such money.
To sum up, it is high time to pay enough attention to the problem of the heavy burden of university tuition in our country, and to solve it a comprehensive educational reform is essential.
点评：
该文共分三段，第一段是描述表格，第二段是给出解决办法，第三段是总结。
第一段是对表格进行描述——这时我们不一定要把每个数据都描述出来，而是要抓住问题的关键。这个表格的关键就是体现我国大学学费太高，依据就是学费与国民人均年收入之比。美国与英国处于差不多的水平，所以放在一起说就可以了。该段共分三句话，第一句将比例描述出来，第二句作出比较——中国家庭负担的大学学费是英美国家的十倍之多。第三句进一步说明我国大部分家庭感觉负担较重，有些家庭根本就负担不起。
第二段提出解决办法，第一句是模板句，之后分两方面来说。第一方面说的是减少高等教育的成本，分为两个方面，一是减员增效，二是消除腐败。第二方面说的是高教管理体制的改革。国家应加强高等教育的投资，并合理配置这些资金。
最后一段是总结，说解决大学学费成为沉重负担问题正值其时，全面改革势在必行。
心得：
提纲中如果出现文章主题，一定要把握住，这直接决定了文章的谋篇布局。
描述图表时不一定要面面俱到，只要抓住重点即可。
写原因或解决办法的段落时条理一定要清楚，一般分为三点（也有两点或四点的情况），不一定是权威的解释，我们并非是专门研究该问题的专家，阅卷老师也不会太苛求，只要符合情理即可。关键是语言表达一定要准确，如果要拿高分就一定要有出彩的地方。
Directions 5
Study the following reportage carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. interpret the reportage,
2. point out the reasons for the problem, and
3. suggest possible ways to solve the problem.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
题目：
本报记者报道自20世纪70年代末以来，中国的离婚率持续上升。离婚水平已超过邻国日本和韩国，与新加坡同属亚洲离婚率较高的国家。这是近日中国社会科学院人口学专家唐灿发布的调研报告中指出的。这份报告还写到，据2003年北京市统计年鉴公布的数据，2002年北京市的离婚总数为38756对，当年户籍人口为1136.3万，粗离婚率达到6.82‰；当年的结婚对数为76136对，由此计算离结率高达50.90%。也就是说，这一年平均不到两对夫妻结婚就有一对夫妻离婚，北京市的离婚率已经成为全国最高。
审题：
这是一道相当特殊的题目，是就一段汉语的新闻报道命题，提纲却是传统的模式。这类形式题目出现的比率不大，我们在本书中穿插了个别这样的题目主要是为了拓展大家的视野，而且这类题目所涉及的主题也是非常重要的，很有可能以图画题或图表题等主流形式考察到。
Sample:
According to the above news report, the divorce rate in China keeps increasing since 1970’s, and now is higher than that in Japan and Korea. It was also reported that the ratio of divorced couples to married couples reached 1 to 2 in2002 in Beijing.
From my point of view, the problem of high divorce rate in our country can be analyzed from three perspectives. To begin with, owing to economic development and women’s liberation, the traditional family mode has changed greatly. Now in most cases the two parties of a marriage are psychologically and economically independent. Second, because of the higher living standard and one child policy, many young people have shaped a
self-centered personality, which is liable to result in lack of mutual care and understanding. Third, when all the social members become more and more open-minded, people are less restricted to the traditional conception of marriage. Third parties, extramarital love and online marriage all pose great threats to the legal marriage.
As we all know, healthy marriages are beneficial not only to the couples themselves, but also to the growth of the children and to the stability of the whole society. Therefore, it is worthwhile to make efforts to reduce the divorce rate. Before they get married, young couples should be emotionally and psychologically well prepared for all possible conditions and changes in marriage. Furthermore, school and family education should help enhance the sense of responsibility, which is not only the key to a healthy marriage but also to a successful career.
点评：
文章共分三段。第一段是将新闻报道中最重要的信息提炼出来，这是看大家的基本功是否扎实。第二段给出了该现象的原因。第三段是解决问题的办法。
第一段共有两句话，第一句话说国内的离婚率一路攀升，已超过了日本和韩国。第二句话说北京的离结率已高达1∶2。
第二段是写原因的段落，共分三个方面来写。第一点写传统家庭模式的巨大变化。第二点写年轻人以自我为中心的人格的形成，容易导致相互关爱与理解的缺失。第三点说人们的传统婚姻家庭观念的松动。
第三段写解决办法。先说健康的婚姻对夫妻、孩子和社会均有益，推导至减少离婚率是很有意义的事。首先说年轻人应在结婚时做好准备，以应对婚姻中的各种情形及变化。另外，学校和家庭教育应着重加强他们的责任感，这对婚姻和事业都是大有益处的。该文是特殊的出题方式，如果我们考试中遇到特殊的形式，也不必慌乱，一定要看清楚具体的要求，这样就可以有的放矢了。看到熟悉的方式甚至题目，也不要过于欣喜，一定要把优势转化成胜势。
心得：
该文有许多好的语言点值得学习。
首段的news report相当于提纲中的reportage，意思是“新闻报道”。
次段首句的perspective意思是“角度”。第四句的one child policy表示“计划生育的一孩政策”，self-centered personality表示“以自我为中心的个性”，mutual care and understanding表示“相互关爱和理解”。第五句中的open-minded表示“思想开明的”。第六句中的pose great threats to表示“对……构成重大威胁”。
第三段中的enhance the sense of responsibility表示“加强责任感”。
Directions 6
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. Describe the two pictures,
2. Interpret their meaning, and
3. Point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
审题：
在写作中，审题这个环节是非常重要的。在图画作文中，我们不仅要仔细审视图画，而且还应将英文的提纲看清楚。这篇文章配了双图，双图多是表示对比关系，这里是凸显时间的先后。提纲包括三个部分：描写图画、阐释含义和指出后果，这就决定了我们文章的结构走向。
Sample:
Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one, a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said, “He seems to be drunk.” Another whispered, “His head and hands seem to be bleeding.” In the second picture, a policeman is asking those who were present, “Why didn’t send him to hospital?” The first one said, “I was hurrying to work.” The second one said, “I was hurrying to school.”
It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes, their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers, even their lives.
This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First, when people refuse to take care of the strangers, the danger of accidents will be much higher, because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time, and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second, the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.
If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
点评：
这篇文章最终写成了四段，结构非常清晰。第一段分别描写了两副图画，语言简洁流畅。注意这一段不宜过长。
第二段是测度作者的意图，共三句话，第一句是一个经典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to... 这句话直指图画所揭示的社会现象，后面两句来具体说明：先说许多人千方百计找理由以逃避帮助他人；然后解释原因，他们认为……注意段中句子之间的逻辑关系，这是非常重要的。
第三段写了该现象引起的有害的后果，该段的首句是个经典的模板句，后分两点来说明。第一点说明当人们不愿意帮助他人时，事故所造成的危险就会大得多，因为那样的话每个人能依靠的人（即亲人和朋友）是非常有限的。这一点的第二句话是个难句，展现了很强的句子内部的逻辑，希望大家用心学习。这句话的意思是：每个人都会遇到事故，而相互帮助可以避免大部分的事故造成毁灭性的后果。到这里，我们可
以看出，思想是由语言表达的，要想深刻地表达思想，一定要多模仿、多操练。第二点是从更广阔的角度去考虑问题，说明获得幸福生活的可能性减小了。社会充满了自私的人们，获得成功的社会成本陡增。
末段是结语——如果我们想要享受幸福的生活，我们应向他人（包括陌生人）伸出援手。
第二段的第二句中的shirk one’s responsibility表示“逃避责任”。第三段第二句的emergency表示“紧急情况”。第三句的destructive表示“造成重大损害的”。第五句的in face of表示“面临”。最后一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示“合作成为一种习惯”。
心得：
1．文章的结构层次一定要清楚，这是充分理解提纲与图画构成语境的结果。
2．学习写作主从复合句，充分理解句子内部的逻辑关系。通过本文，重点学习条件状语从句。
典型的条件状语从句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people.
嵌套原因状语从句的条件状语从句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves. Directions 7
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
2. interpret their meaning, and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
审题：
提纲包含了三个部分，这篇文章可以分为四段来写，其中末段是结语。真实写作中前三段可以与提纲有明显的对应关系，这样的安排思路清晰，易于把握。
Sample:
In the pictures, we see clearly a person who claims to begin his grand scheme tomorrow. In the first picture, he claims that he will begin tomorrow because he is not yet well prepared today. In the second picture, when tomorrow really comes, he again says he will begin later because he is not feeling well at the moment.
What can we say at seeing such pictures? We can always find excuses for our mistakes, failures and inaction, but how can we make real progress in our life? We will never ever grow up if we keep on finding excuses instead of looking directly into the matter, analyzing the situation objectively and taking action as soon as possible.
Delay has a lot of bad consequences. In many cases, we will lose the chance to succeed forever. Time is limited, and so are youth and enthusiasm. When we form a plan, we should always try our best to put it into practice immediately. We should not worry about failure, because we can always learn from it. Only if we keep on trying and never stop, will we make progress and eventually turn our dream into reality.
The important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. Without action, a great aim will be nothing more than a castle in the air.
点评：
第一段分别描述了两幅图画，独特之处在于首先将两副图画的共同之处提取出来——描写一个人说明天就要开始宏伟的计划，而后分别描述两副图画的不同之处——这样做的好处是使段落的条理清晰。
第二段的首句使用了设问句，一下子引起了读者的兴趣，而后自己给出答案——我们总是能为错误、失败和无行动找到理由，可是我们又怎能取得进步呢？这个句子中使用了平行的名词和反问句，效果强烈，非常引人注目。该段第三句进一步说明，使用instead of强化了对比关系——如果一直寻找借口而不是直接查清事实、客观分析情况和尽快采取行动的话，我们永远也无法成长。注意句中否定意义的表达：
We will not grow up if...
We will never grow up if...
We will never ever grow up if...
在上述三种表达方式中，我们可以看出，最后一种不仅语气强烈，而且极富韵律。
第三段先说了拖延的坏处，而后说了我们正确的做法。
最后一段做结，共两句话。第一句是引用了歌德的名言，而第二句是反过来说——如果没有行动，伟大的目标就只能是空中楼阁。
心得：
要想写好文章，就要先写好句子，再写好段落。文章大的结构的确定是不难的，关键是写好单个的句子后再将它们有机地组成完美流畅的段落。
第三段就是一个好的例子，这一段分成两个部分，各有三句话，有机地结合在了一起。第一句先是讲拖延有很多坏处，第二句直接解释第一句——在很多情况下，我们就永远失去了成功的机会。注意这句话的写法，首先，使用in many cases表示“在很多情况下”，显得客观，因为不是所有的情形均是如此。其次，使用forever表示“永远”，加强了语气，并且恰如其分地指出了人生的悲怆，点出了韶华易逝的真谛。第三句是对第二句的补充说明——时间是有限的，青春和激情也是如此（句子的后部使用了倒装）。第四句笔锋一转，说明我们一旦有了计划，应当全力以赴立即将其付诸实践，注意这里使用了immediately，是反过来与该段的第一句话进行呼应。第五句说明我们不该担心失败，因为我们总能从中学到东西。末句是以only 开头的倒装句，说明行动和结果之间的关系，语气很强。
图表作文写作指导 图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分，而当前的图表作文大多还有第三个段落。图表作文的规律性很强，不像图画式作文那样富于变化。 1．首段的写作 图表作文有表格（table）、柱形图（bar chart）、饼状图（pie chart）和折线图（diagram）之分，后三种都属于图表的范畴（chart）。不管是chart还是table，都需要进行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量（A），每个变量有几个数据（B），不妨以A*B表示。 如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，可以描述如下： From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004. 如果是最常见的是2*3的情形，可以描述如下： From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state-owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period. 这里用了while引起从句来突显对比，是一种非常好的办法，如果用两句话来描述，也完全可以。 如果是1*n（n>3）的情形，将头与尾描述出来即可，比较好的方法就是在句中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。 碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形，大家应首先进行分类，分成上升、下降两类，或者上升、下降、不变三类，这样问题就迎刃而解了。 2．第二段的写作 第二段是解释原因的段落。我们谈谈两个问题。 首先是过渡句这个问题。这里不大可能放在第一段，因为第一段不可能像某些命题作文那样简洁（如只有一句）——例如提纲式作文中的批驳类文章中除第二段首句批驳之外还有首段末句批驳，效果很强烈。 其次就是此段的主题句(topic sentence)的问题。此句或主观或客观，并无拘束，只要上下文风格统一即可。 主观：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows. 主观之变体（使用插入语，突显主语）：Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon. Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon. Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon. 注意:插入语的使用属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧，可以达到很好的效果。
考研英语作文范文和模板：图表作文 图表作文 1.写作攻略图表作文是考研英语写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型。这类作文可综合提供题目、数据、图像、提纲，形式多样，但实际上只涉及5个方面：描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议，而每次考试只是从这5个方面的内容中选出3个结合在一起。从写作类型来看，基本上属于说明文。要求考生围绕题目将有关信息转化为文字形式，考生应该具有一定数据分析和材料归纳的能力，同时会运用一定的写作方法。考研试题一般以三段式写作方法来组织文章，第一段总结归纳信息反映的整体情况，点出主题思想，第二段回答第一段所得出的问题，对数字、数据等做出有条理的分析比较，第三段做出总结或给以简单的评论。表格和图表题型写作要点：(1)考生应仔细研究题目以及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。(2)考生应该仔细研究图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。切忌简单
地罗列图表所给出的信息。(3)图表作文一般采用的时态为一般现在时，但如果图表中给出了具体时间参照，考生则应对时态进行相应的调整。(4)图表作文有一些固定句型和表达法，考生应对此融会贯通。(5)图表作文可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和饼形图。除了上述共同要点，考生还应了解这四种图在写作方面的不同特点。——表格可以表示多种事物的相互关系，所以考生要对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。——曲线图常表示事物的变化趋势，考生应认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。——柱形图用来表示各种事物的变化情况及相互关系，要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，因此考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。——饼形图表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系，旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的饼形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。(6)列出各段主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开做好铺垫。(7)围绕主题句完成段落的展开。尽量做到主题明确、条理清楚、文字简练。(8)检查与修改。对图
5、图表作文：人口快速增长带来的问题 Directions: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay should cover these points; 1. effect of the country's growing human population in its wildlife 2. possible reasons for the effect 3. your suggestion for wildlife protection (15 points) 【参考范文】the ups and downs of population growth As is seen from the two graphs, it is clear that with the rapid growth of U.S. population from 1800 to 1990, the number of its wildlife species no longer existing soared during the same period. Naturally, we can draw the conclusion that the sharp decline of wildlife species resulted from the population growth. Two reasons may account for this phenomenon. To begin with, as the population grows, people consume much more natural resources, which often leads to excessive hunting. Second, with the increase of human activities, modern people take up more and more space. Which has a great impact on other species. Finally, the problem of pollution becomes more and more serious with the development of modern industry. More and more animals have to adapt themselves to the decaying environment or move to a totally different place, but not all of them are fortunate enough to survive the changes. Solving this problem calls for, above all, the government’s efforts to control population growth, to decrease industrial pollution and to enhance the laws to forbid wildlife hunting. Moreover, common citizens should be aware of this ecological crisis and take on the responsibility of wildlife protection. In a word, only when the government and the common people make joint e f forts can we hope to find a satisfactory solution to this problem. 6、图表作文：居民日常生活花消表 Study the following table carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words. Your essay must be written on Answer Sheet? Your essay should meet the requirements below. 1. Changes in people' s daily expenses in the past five years 2. Give possible reasons for the changes. 3. Draw my own conclusions ［参考范文］ In the past five years, there have been great changes in people’s daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 1998. However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 17% in 1998. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses. What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons.
宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第1篇 Study the following pie carefully and rite an essay in which you should 1)describe the pie, 2)interpret its meaning, and 3)suggest counter-measures. You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) ［参考范文］(291 words) 爱滋病的感染途径 As is obviously betrayed in the pie above, the main contagion (接触传染) channels among China’s HIV positive cases are drug injection (43.9%), comme rcial blood donors (24.1%), and sexual contact (19.8%). The statistics have indicated the reality that we are facing and have profound implication for us in terms of AIDS control and prevention. The implied meaning of the pie above which demonstrates how victims were usually infected in the year of 2004 is far-reaching. In the first place, the contagion channel of drug injection should be the top on our agenda. The channel of infection ranks first in the pie above currently in our society the availability of drugs are getting easier. If enough attention is not attached to the control of drug injection, China’s HIV positive cases will rocket to an alarming figure, which is bound to threaten the stability of our society. What’s more, the contagion chan nels — commercial blood donors and sexual contact —should not be ignored by us. The two channels of infection rank second and third respectively. In fact, blood and sex are part of people’s life so that it is more difficult for us to always watch out. However, constant watching-out has become a must due to the cruel reality which is
# 43. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table below shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the European Union. The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds being spent on different forms of transport. You should write at least 150 words.
model answer: The chart shows CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre for variuos methods of transport in the European Union while the pie chart shows European Union spending on transport. Flying by air produces by far the greatest CO2 emissions, approximately three times as much as passenger cars which are the next largest producers. Very little is spent by the EU on air travel while roads make up more than half of the EU transport budget. Trains produce about three times less CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre than passenger cars and eight times less than air travel. Nearly a third of EU transport funds are spent on railways. Ships are a clean form of transport and produce about the same amount of CO2 per passenger kilometre as trains do. However, only 2 percent of EU funds are spent on ports. A further one percent is spent on inland waterways. Coaches are the cleanest form of transport. Emissions of CO2 per passenger kilometre from coaches are half those of buses. Buses emit less than half as much CO2 per passenger kilometre as cars. The European Union spends 10 percent of its transport budget on public transport, such as buses and coaches. (197 words)
How People Spent Their Holidays As can be seen from the table, the past decade have witnessed dramatic changes in the way people spent their holiday between 1990 and 2000.In 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure dropped considerably to 24% in 2000. It is obvious from the table that people tended to be more and more mobile, and they wanted to get entertainment in the outside world. What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, with the rapid development of economy, people earn by far more money than they used to. Thus, people are able to afford traveling expenses. Secondly, people think it important to get well-informed about the outside world in this new era when everything is on the move. Traveling, of course, is a sure way to achieve this goal. What's more, in this competitive society, people are usually under great stress. However, it is not difficult to find traveling an effective way to relieve people's stress and get relaxation. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to both their health and peace of mind. In conclusion, people prefer to go traveling rather than stay at home during holidays for a combination of reasons. Moreover, it seems that this trend will last in the foreseeable future. 人口增长对野生动物的影响（99年真题） [2.图画/图表描述段] From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the gro wth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and so me species have even vanished from our planet. [6.原因列军段]Why does this phenomenon appear? There are several possible reasons for this. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to mov
图表作文第一段 例1 the table below summarises some data collected by a college bookshop for the month of February 1998. 例文 the table describes some sales figures gathered by a college bookstore for February, 1998.
we can see from the table that the non-book club member figures are made up of sales to college staff, college students and members of the public. more specifically, college staff bought 332 magazines, 44 fiction and 29 non-fiction books while college students bought 1249 magazines, 194 non-fiction books and 31 fiction books. more magazines were sold to college students than any other group of customers. in contrast, although non-fiction books were sold to members of the public, they bought 122 non-fiction books and 82 magazines. 例2. The graph below shows the number of people at a London underground station from 6:00 to 22:00. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. 图表上课画在黑板上。
英语考试作文 9分雅思图表写作范文全集之地图篇学校 变迁 9分雅思图表小作文范文全集之地图学校变迁The diagrams below show the site of a school in 2004 and the plan for changes to the school site in 2024. 真题传送门：2017全年雅思写作真题范文大汇总（第一时间更新） 范文集结：全部9篇9分雅思写作地图范文汇总放送 范文 The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in the year 2004 with a proposed site design for the year 2024. It is clear that the main change for 2024 involves the addition of a new school building. The school will then be able to accommodate a considerably larger number of students. In 2004, there were 600 pupils attending the school,
and the two school buildings were separated by a path running from the main entrance to the sports field. By 2024, it is expected that there will be 1000 pupils, and a third building will have been constructed. Furthermore, the plan is to join the two original buildings together, creating a shorter path that links the buildings only. As the third building and a second car park will be built on the site of the original sports field, a new, smaller sports field will need to be laid. A new road will also be built from the main entrance to the second car park. Finally, no changes will be made to the main entrance and original car park. (183 words, band 9)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graphs below provide information on global population figures and figures for urban populations in different world regions. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. model answer: The first graph shows the trend in world population growth between 1800 and 2100, while the second graph gives predicted urban population figures for the next 25 years. The world population has experienced continuous growth since 1800. Between 1800 and 1950, the population grew slowly from just under 1 billion to 2.5 billion people. After that, the growth rate increased and currently the figure is around 6.5 billion. Projections show a continued increase in population in the near future, but a steady decline in the population growth rate. The global population is expected to peak at 8.2 billion by 2050, and then decline to around 6.2 billion by 2100. The predictions also show that almost all urban population growth in the next 25 years will occur in cities of developing countries. In developed regions, on the other hand, the urban population is expected to remain unchanged at about 1.3 billion people over the next two decades. The graphs show that the global population increase will not occur evenly throughout the world, but will be greater in some areas than others. (180 words)
一、图表作文写作常识 1、图形种类及概述法： 泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/cha rt/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart 直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histog ram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve dia gram 表格图：table 流程图或过程图：flow chart / seque nce diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diag ram 2、常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph show s （that） According to the table/chart diagr am/graph As （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/char t/diagram/graph/figures， figures/statistics shows （tha t）…… It can be seen from the figures/st atistics We can see from the figures/statis tics It is clear from the figures/stati stics It is apparent from the figures/st atistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures （that）…… table/chart/diagram/graph shows/d es cribes/illustrates how…… 3、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法 数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes ov er time 持续变化的data在不同情况下： 增加：increase / raise / rise / go up …… 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall …… 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undula te / wave …… 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ……
英语四级图表作文讲解及参考范文 图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。 第一节图表作文的出题形式和写作要领 一、图表作文常见出题形式 图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们： 1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势; 2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。 图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。 写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。 二、图表作文的写作步骤 写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤： 1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系; 2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据; 3)编列文章的提纲; 4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡; 5)检查与修改。
三、图表作文的篇章结构 写图表作文时，常采用三段式的陈述方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想 第二段：分析产生的原因 第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议 四、图表作文常用的句型 (1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法) ① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that …根据该表/图，我们可知…… ② The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that …该表/图表明…… ③ As we can see from the table … As can be seen from the line/bar graph … As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart … 如表/图所示，…… (2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 ① Compared with … is still increased by … ② The number of … grew/rose from … to … ③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of … ④ In … the number remains the same/drops to … ⑤ There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. ⑥ There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year). 来看一篇范文： ⑴ From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. ⑵ The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. ⑶ The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷ From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. ⑸ After
考研英语二图表作文预测：全国出境游 Topic 3: The boom of overseas traveling industry From the bar chart given above, we can observe that the number of people traveling abroad experienced some changes during the past several years. From 1999 to 2000, the number of Chinese people traveling abroad increased rapidly from 7.5 million to 10 million, and then to 12.1 million in 2001. The bar chart reveals that people in mounting numbers are going to travel abroad. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: for one thing, the authorities have issued some preferential policies to promote the development of the overseas tourism industry, which encourages a sudden emergence of travel agencies that can provide customers with convenient overseas tourism services. Additionally, with the improvement of financial status and purchasing power, a considerable number of Chinese people can afford the once-deemed-expensive traveling expenses. Last but not least, as there exists huge difference in cultures, customs and landscapes between China and overseas countries, quite a few people hold that overseas traveling is not only a perfect way to relax oneself, but also enrich their knowledge and expand their horizons. By observing the past trends, we may forecast that the growth tendency will continue. However，it is also a highly variable industry which is vulnerable to seasons and climates，international political situation，fluctuations in exchange.
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: 1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化； 2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)； 3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 范文1 Student Use of Computers There has been a tremendous growth in the student use of computers since 1990. The past 12 years has witnessed a sharp increase in the hours students spend on computer per week from 3.6 to 12. To account for this phenomenon, people have come up with various reasons listed below. To begin with, computers can help us accomplish many tasks, including both work and study. We used to do homework on paper while now we could just finish it with computer and e-mail to teachers. What’s more, computers are getting increasingly cheaper and more college students can afford it. Disadvantages also accompany with the wide use of computers. Many college students may be addicted to playing computer games and neglect their study. We should strike a balance between using computer and study itself.