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加速模型外推风险研究

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加速模型外推风险研究

作者:张哲玮孙权冯静

来源:《科技视界》2012年第29期

【摘要】加速试验利用高应力水平下的产品可靠性信息,外推正常使用应力下产品的寿

命和可靠性特征。外推所得产品可靠性特征值是否准确、可信程度高低是评判加速模型适用性与合理性的重要依据。本文采用不确定度评定理论对加速模型的外推风险进行了研究,详细介绍了加速模型以及测量不确定度的发展、定义、来源、分类等方面,重点介绍了测量不确定度的评定步骤与评定方法,并从中得到合理的定量描述加速模型外推风险的方法。以Arrhenius

模型为例,定量描述了在可靠性验证试验中应用加速方程外推所得产品可靠性特征值时带来的生产方风险与使用方风险。

【关键词】加速方程;外推风险;使用方风险

Research on Prediction Error of Accelerated Equation

ZHANF Zhe-wei SUN Quan FENG Jing

【Abstract】Accelerated test is used to predict the product’s l ife and reliability characters under the usual stress level, according to the reliability data of products under high stress level. The accuracy and credibility of this prediction is an important basis of the rationality and applicability of the accelerated equation. The theory of evaluation of uncertainty in the prediction error of accelerated equation is analyzed in this dissertation, including accelerated model, development, definition,origin and the classification of the uncertainty in measurement, especially focusing on evaluation methods and step for measurement uncertainty. A reasonable method for quantitatively describing prediction error of accelerated equation can be proposed though above theory. By analyzing Arrhenius model,consumer’s risk and producer’s risk from the prediction uncertainty when using accelerated equation in reliability demonstration test are quantitatively described.

【Key words】Accelerated equation;Prediction error;Consumer’s risk

1 加速模型

加速试验方法的基本思想是在不改变产品失效机理的前提下,通过加大产品的敏感应力激发产品潜在缺陷,缩短试验时间,并利用高应力水平下的产品可靠性信息,外推正常使用应力下产品的寿命和可靠性特征。其关键在于建立寿命特征与应力水平之间的关系,由此实现外推正常应力水平下寿命特征的目的。

加速模型分为物理、经验和类物理模型三种[1]。物理模型一般是表征某种具体失效机理

的情况,当通过物理(含化学)分析已知产品失效的关系时,可选用物理模型作为加速模型;

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