高中英语省略句专练
随堂专练：
1.Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him_ ____.
A．not to B．not to do C．not do it D．do not to
2.—Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?
—_____.
A．I believe not B．I believe not so C．I don’t believe it D．I don't believe 3.—What do you think made the girl so glad?
—_____a beautiful necklace.
A．As she received B．Receiving C．Received D．Because of receiving
4. Father advised me not to say anything until _____ at the meeting.
A．asking B．to ask C．asked D．ask
5.—Have you watered the flowers?
—No, but_____.
A．I am B．I’m going C．I’m just going to D．I will go
6. —He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
—Well, he_____.
A．should B．ought to C．ought to go D．ought to have
7.—The war is very likely to break out in the near future.
—I _____, if the situation goes as it is.
A．hope so B．hope not C．am afraid not D．am afraid so 8.—You ought to have given them some advice.
—_____, but who cared what I said?
A．So ought you B．So I ought C．So I did D．So did you
9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____.whether he was going in the right direction.
A．seeing B．having seen C．to see D．to have seen
10. _____.he come, the problem would be settled.
A．Would B．Should C．Shall D．If
11.—Can I see you at 3:00 pm next Monday?
—I_____. I will have flown to New York long before then.
A．am afraid not B．am afraid so C．am afraid to D．am afraid not to
12. —Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow_____.
—Yes, it is.
A．this B．it C．one D．the one
13. _____, I will help you with your work.
A．If am possible B．If it possible C．If possible D．Possible
14.—How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as_____.
A．plans B．planning C．planned D．to plan
15.—Are you a volunteer now?
—No, but I _____. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.
A．used to B．used to be C．used to do D．was used to
综合专练：
1. The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
2. The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought ____.
A. to
B. to be
C. be
D. have been
3. ---Did you work in the lab every afternoon?
---No, but sometimes, I wish I ____.
A. had time to
B. had time to do
C. have time to
D. have time
4. ---I hope the children won’t touch the dog.
----I’ve warned them ____.
A. not
B. not to
C. not touch
D. not do
5. Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and ____.
A. some are to America
B. some going to America
C. some to America
D. some America
6. The workers did all ___ good care of the old man.
A. they could to take
B. they could take
C. which they could to take
D. what they could to take
7. Of all the things in the world, I think life and love are ____.
A. very much precious
B. more than precious
C. the preciousest
D. the most precious
8. The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than ___.
A. the earth
B. those taken from the earth
C. those of the earth
D. of the
earth
9. why ___? It is not very serious.
A. to worry
B. worry
C. not worry
D. you are worried
10. ___ the road, don’t forget to look both ways.
A. As crossing
B. While you cross
C. While crossing
D. Cross
11. Chemistry is the science of substances ___ the science of energy.
A. and is physics
B. or is physics
C. and physics
D. or physics is
12. –Who broke the window?
--- ____.
A. Him
B. He
C. He broke
D. It is him
13. ---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
--- Why ___? John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him
B. he
C. I
D. me
14. ---How do you find your missing pen?
----___.
A. Quite by accident
B. I found it in my drawer.
C. It writes well
D. It was well kept by myself.
15. ---You must obey every word of mine.
----____ I don’t.?
A. How if
B. What if
C. Such as
D. Only if
16. When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he was going
in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
18. I won’t go to his party next time. It couldn’t have been ____ in fact.
A. any better
B. any worse
C. so bad
D. the best
19. ---Does Bill do his new job well?
---_____ his old job. I am afraid there is no hope for him.
A. Not better than
B. No better than
C. Not so well as
D. Not as well as
20. ---Leaving for Shanghai?
---____.
A. Soon
B. Lately
C. The other day
D. Sooner
21. The rent is expensive. I’ve got half the space I had at home and I’m paying ____here.
A. as three times much
B. as much three times
C. much as three times
D. three times as much
22. —Wait until we get a satisfactory one, will you?
---I couldn’t agree ___, It sounds good to me.
A. much
B. worse
C. more
D. at all
23. ——I’ll be away on a busines s trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
——Not at all. ______________.
A. I’ve no time
B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it
D. I’d be happy to
24. ——Let me introduce myself. I’m Albert.
——____________.
A. What a pleasure
B. It’s my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I’m very pleased
25. ——Do you mind my taking this seat？
——__________.
A. Yes, sit down
B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it please
D. No, you can’t take it
26. ——I usually go there by train.
——Why not _____by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
27. Unless________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
28. Though_______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
29. The research is so designed that once _____nothing can be done to change it..
A. begins B having begun C. beginning D. begun
30. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if________ whether he was
going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
31. ______, he doesn’t want to go to school and keep in touch with the bad boys.
A. As he is a student
B. He is as student
C. Student as he is
D. As students he is
32. ——The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
——_________.
A. I guess not so
B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so
D. I guess not
33. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my ______.
A. friendship
B. respect
C. support
D. favor
34. — I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?
—Don’t speak until _____.
A. speaking
B. spoken to
C. spoken
D. speaking to
35. —How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans
B. planning
C. planned
D. to plan
36. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _____, refusing them when the y turn to him.
A. if never
B. if ever
C. if not
D. if any
37. While _____ holding talks with President Hu Jintao, US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.
A. he is
B. he was
C./
D. B or C
38. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I mea nt _____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere
A. to thank
B. to
C. /
D. thanking
39. When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
40. I wonder why you won't do it as _____. It's the third time you have done s o.
A. told to
B. be told
C. told you
D. you told
41. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _____ is more true than any other.
A. once gained
B. when to gain
C. after is gained
D. while gaining
42. You may take them all home _____.
A. if possible
B. if can
C. if impossible
D. if you are possible
43. Water, _____ enough, can change into vapor quickly
A. when heated
B. while heating
C. when to be heated
D. when is heated
44. —Should I look up each word that I don’t understand?
—No, turn to your dictionary only when _____.
A. you are necessary
B. you need
C. necessary
D. you are needed
45. —You seem to have lost your way. _____?
—I'm looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for
B. Need help
C. Why so
D. Where to
随堂专练答案与解析：
1．A 不定式作宾语补足语时，其后的内容常被省略，只保留不定式符号to。
2．A
3．B Receiving a beautiful necklace后面省略了前文中的made the girl so glad。4．C 状语从句中省略了I was。
5．C
6．D 承前省略的不定式后有助动词have时，不定式等号to后要保留have。
7．D
8．C
9．C as if to see是as if he was going to see的省略说法。
10．B 此处是对将来情况的假设。虚拟条件句的谓语部分有should, had或were时，可把if省去，而把should, had或were放在从句的主语之前，构成主谓部分倒装。
11．A
12．B
13．C If possible是If it is possible的省略说法。
14．C
15．B
综合专练参考答案：
1-5ABABC 6-10ADBBC 11-15CADCB 16-20ADBBA 21-25DCDCB 26-30DACDD 31-35CDABC 36-40CDBBA 41-45AAACB
省略和替代THOMAS.2007/12/28
一、省略
省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。
一、词法上的省略
1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：
These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。
2）名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：
at the doctor's 在诊所
at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家
to my uncle's 到我叔叔家
at the barber's 在理发店
2. 冠词的省略
1）为了避免重复
The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（thunder前省略了定冠词the）
2）在the next day (morning, week, year...)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the 常可以省略。如：
We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。
3）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如：
She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。
4）在某些独立主格结构中。如：
Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.) 我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
5）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。
3. 介词的省略
1）both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。如：
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如：
These shoes are worn out. They have
lasted (for) a long time. 这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。
3）被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。如：
The letter was posted (by me) yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。
4）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing..., have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。如：Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。
4. 动词不定式中的省略
1）有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。如：
I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy. 他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
2）感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：
They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。
注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。
3）在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to。如：
We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。
He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
4）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：
I'm really puzzled what to think or say.我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：
I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。
5）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：
Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？
Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？
6）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：
They may go if they wish to(go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。
在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。如：
-Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？
-Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you). 我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容词，如：afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：
-Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？
-Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。
有些动词，如：tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid 等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形，保留动词不定式符号to。如：
He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come). 尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。
注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。如：
-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？
-No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。
二、句法中的省略
在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。
1．简单句中的省略
１）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如：
What a hot day (it is)!多热的天啊！
How wonderful!多妙啊！
２）在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：
-（Will you）Have a smoke? 你抽烟吗？
-No. Thanks. 不，谢谢了。
（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？
2．并列句中的省略
1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：
Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）. 杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
3．复合句中的省略
1）名词性从句中的省略
（1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：
Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it). 有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。
He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
（2）有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：
（I'm）Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。
（3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。如：
It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely. 我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。2）定语从句中的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。如：The man(who / whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
Where is the book (which) I bought this morning? 今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？
（2）关系副词when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school 等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that。如：
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair. 他来这么早是他自己的事。
The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable. 你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。3）状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
（1）在as, before, till, once, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。如：
While（I was）waiting, I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。
（2）在though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。如：
Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
（3）在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。如：
You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited. 除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。
（4）在as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。如：
He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
（5）在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。如：
I know you can do better than he (can do). 我知道你能比他做得更好。
This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does). 这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。
三、替代性省略
在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe，第二页guess等后常常和so，not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：
-Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？
-I suppose not. 我认为不会。
高考题链接及能力拓展训练：
一、在含有状语从句的复合句中
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春)
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
二、在限定性定语从句中
9. -You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.
- ________ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)
A. Anything
B. Something
C. All
D. That
10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷)
A. Something
B. All
C. Both
D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you. (NMET 2004全国卷)
A. something
B. anything
C. all
D. that
三、在感官动词或短语中
(如:在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词或短语及make，have，let等使役动词之后的"宾语+不定式作宾语补足语" 结构中，不定式前省略to；有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号；不定式在tell，ask，advise，wish，permit，force等动词后面作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to；不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。)
14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷)
A. to show
B. show
C. showing
D. showed
15. -I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
-Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)
A. I have no time
B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it
D. I'd be happy to
16. -Does your brother intend to study German?
-Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
A. /
B. to
C. so
D. that
17. -Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
- ________ . (NMET 1999上海卷)
A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won't
D. That's right
18. -You should have thanked her before you left.
-I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing to
四、在if引导的虚拟条件句中
19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷)
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷)
A. If it is not
B. Were
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
五、在否定结构中
21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ . (NMET 2004 江苏卷)
A. anyone
B. anyone else
C. no one
D. no one else
22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ________ any end to their influence on man's lives. (NMET 2004 广东卷)
A. there is
B. there are
C. is there
D. are there
23. -I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
- ________ . (NMET 2004全国卷III)
A. Nor am I
B. Neither would I
C. Same with me
D. So do I
诊断练习：
1. ---Do you happen to have twenty dollars on you?
--- ________ ?
---I want to buy a reference book.
A. Want the money
B. What to do
C. What for
D. How much
2. ---What kind of food would you like to have?
--- ________ but Japanese.
---How about Korean, then?
A. Anything
B. Something
C. Everything
D. Nothing
3. ---Why didn't you go to the cinema yester- day?
---I ________ , but my wife returned from France the moment I was leaving.
A. was going to
B. will
C. did
D. had
4. -Good bye! I'm glad _______ you.
- ________ , too.
A. to see; I
B. to have seen; Me
C. to be seen; Me
D. seeing; I
5. ________ we move the picture over there? Do you think it'll look better?
A. What about
B. How far
C. What if
D. How come
6. The river is smooth where ________ .
A. deeply
B. deep
C. to be deep
D. run
7. ---May I take your order?
---Yes, I'd like a cup of coffee, a hot dog and some salad. What about you, Lisa?
---________ .
A. Me, too
B. Same again, please
C. It's all the same
D. The same to me
8. ---I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.
--- ________ , let's go and see him.
A. What's more
B. If so
C. Where possible
D. When necessary
9. ---Why didn't you come to Mike's birthday party yesterday?
---Well, I ________ , but I forgot it.
A. would
B. must
C. should have
D. must have
10. I hear Mr. Smith was writing a story last year and he still ________ .
A. do
B. does
C. is
D. am
11. ---I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?
---Don't speak until ________ .
A. speaking
B. spoken to
C. spoken
D. speaking to
12. ---Why do you want the book so much?
--- ________ , sir.
A. Studying
B. Studies
C. Studied
D. To study
13. ---How are you getting on with your work?
---Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as ________ .
A. plans
B. planning
C. planned
D. to plan
14. I wonder why you won't do it as ________ . It's the third time you have done so.
A. told to
B. be told
C. told you
D. you told
15. ---Are you a teacher?
---No, but I ________ . I worked in a middle school for three years.
A. am
B. will
C. do
D. was
16. The dying old man opened his mouth as if ________ something.
A. to say
B. saying
C. to have said
D. was saying
17. This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ________ .
A. to leave untreating
B. left untreated
C. leaving untreating
D. is left untreated
18. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, ________ is more true than any other.
A. once gained
B. when to gain
C. after is gained
D. while gaining
19. ---I didn't do well in the last English test. How about you?
--- ________ .
A. I'll do better next time
B. I like English, though
C. A lot better
D. Even worse
20. ---You seem to have lost your way. ________ ?
---I'm looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for
B. Need help
C. Why so
D. Where to
21. ---Which would you like, chicken or fish?
--- ________
A. I don't think so.
B. What if?
C. Both.
D. Neither can I.
22. You may take them all home ________ .
A. if possible
B. if can
C. unless so
D. even if you can
23. ---Hello, may I speak to Bill, please?
--- ________ .
A. Bill speaking
B. That's Bill
C. Speaking to Bill
D. I'm speaking
24. ---I think you look very nice in the red dress.
--- ________ .
A. Oh, no, not nice at all
B. Glad you think so
C. Don't like red
D. You are kind, indeed
25. ---I'm so tired, working all morning on the farm.
---Why not take a rest, then?
---________ .
A. Because I can't afford it
B. Maybe I should
C. I don't know
D. Sorry, I can't tell you
26. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you'll find it more attractive than commonly ________ .
A. supposing
B. to suppose
C. supposed
D. is supposed
27. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don't take medicine ________ .
A. like directed
B. to be directed
C. as directed
D. so that directed
28. The man stopped from time to time ________ whether he was being followed.
A. as if found
B. as to find C as if to find D. when found
29. To tell the truth, I won't go to the party ________ .
A. so as to invite
B. even if invited
C. if inviting
D. if invite
30. Water, ________ enough, can change into vapor quickly
A. when heated
B. heating
C. though to be heated
D. when is heated
第三页二、替代
替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代；同理，替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。此外还有状语的替代。
一、名词性替代
用名词性替代词one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。1．名词性替代词
例1：The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)
例2：His novel is a bad one for children. (one = novel)
2．某些不定代词
在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。例如：
I don't want any more food. I’ve ha d enough.
3. one 和ones是最常见的替代词
one的复数形式是ones.one 和ones作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词，不可用来替代不可数名词。例如：
1）The grey horse is stronger than the black one.
2）The new design is much better than the old ones.
4．名词性物主代词mine，yours
名词性物主代词mine, yours等可用来代替my +名词，your +名词等，例如：“Whose is that coat?” “It’s mine.”
二、动词性替代
用动词替代词do，do so等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。
1．谓语的替代形式
do是谓语的替代形式，有时态和人称的变化。例如：
1）Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example.
2）John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.
2．由do，so等组成的复合替代形式
（1）“so +助动词+主语”。例如：
“Mary will enter the university in September.” “So will Joan.”
（2）“so +主语+助动词”。例如：
“I’ve been to Beijing.” ”So you have.”
注：这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人，否则应像“so +助动词+主语”的结构一样，主谓要倒装。
（3）“主语+（助动词+）do + so”。例如：
“Have you sent your plan to the committee?”
“I did so yesterday.”
（4）“主语+（助动词+）do + that”。例如：
“Do you know who broke the television set?”
“I heard John did that.”
（5）“主语+（助动词+）do + it”。例如：
“My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the President.” ”I did it last week.” 注：如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示相同的看法时，则用“neither / nor +do +主语”。此时，do 不是动词替代词，而是助动词。例如：
Mary didn’t like English, neither did her brother.
3.to代替整个动词不定式
当某个动词不定式词组在句子中再次出现时，我们可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个动词不定式词组。例如：
1）I went there bec ause I wanted to. (=…because I wanted to go there.)
2）Perhaps I’ll go to Brazil this summer; I’d very much like to.
3）“Are you and Gillian getting married?” ”We hope to.”
4）I think he should get a job, but you can’t force him to if he’s not ready (to).
5）I don’t dance much now, but I used to a lot.
6）We’ll never leave home; he hasn’t got the courage (to).
注1：有时to可省略（尤其是在形容词和名词之后，见例4、6）。在某些动词（如try）之后也可省略to。例如：
“Can you start the car?” “Ok, I’ll try.”
注2：在want和would like之后，通常不能省略to。然而，当want或like 用于从句时（例如，在when, if, what, as之后），to常常省略。例如：
1）Come when you want.
2）I’ve decided to do what I like.
3）Come and stay as long as you like.
三、分句性替代
用分句替代词so或not替代整个分句的现象叫做分句性替代。例如：
Many people believe that there will be another world war before the end of the century. My father think so, but I believe not.
1．分句替代词so或not可替代that从句
so可用来替代肯定的that从句，not替代否定的that从句，它们常与I’m afraid, believe, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think等词语搭配。例如：
1）“Have we got enough money?” “I think so.”
2）“We’re not going to be in time.” “No, I suppose not.”
2. so与not可用来代替if 后面的从句
例1：Are you free this evening? If so, come and have a drink with us.
例2：Are you busy this afternoon? If not, I wish you would stay with me for a while.
3．用it, this, that, such作为替代词
例1：I f you don’t work hard, you’ll regret it. (regret it = regret not working hard)
例2：He was very tired. This explains why he went to bed early.
例3：You’re trying to cut with the back of the knife; that’s a silly thing to do.
例4：I may hurt your feelings, but such (= that) was certainly not my intention.
四、状语的替代
1．时间状语的替代形式主要用副词then
例如：We saw John at eight on Monday evening. We told him then that we could be coming to the party.
2．地点状语的替代形式主要用副词here和there
例如：Mary is in London and John is there too.
It和that有时也可以用作地点状语的替代形式，这种场合的it和that在句中作主语，并可同there交换使用，谓语动词是联系动词。
例如：They sat right in front of the stage. That / it / There was where the noise was greatest. 3．方式状语的替代形式用in that way和like that
例如：“She plays the piano with great concentration and with great energy.” “I’m afraid she
doesn’t study like that.”
专项训练
1．（2003春季全国高考题）The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having
C. to have seen
D. to see
2．（2002全国高考题）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
3．I often think of my childhood, during ________ I lived on my uncle’s farm.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. who
4．—May I help you with some shoes, sir?
—Yes, I’d like to try on those white ________.
A. one
B. ones
C. two
D. pair
5．Here are four choices, which do you think is the best ________?
A. choices
B. that
C. ones
D. /
6．—What’s the difference b etween the first house and the second?
—The first one has a garage while the second has ________.
A. nothing
B. none
C. no one
D. neither
7．—Have you ever been to Shanghai?
— ________.
A. Not yet
B. Haven’t
C. Yet not
D. Still not
8．—Don’t forget to come to my birthday party.
— ________.
A. I don’t
B. I won’t
C. I don’t forg
D. I won’t forget
9．—Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning.
—________. I’ll be as early as a bird.
A. OK. I will
B. I’m afraid 1 can
C. Of course not
D. No, I will
10．—What’s the matter with you?
—I didn’t pass the test, but 1 still ________
A. hope so
B. hope to
C. hope it
D. hope that
11．—Is she really ill?
—________. She’s in hospital.
A. I hope so
B. I’m sure
C. 1 don’t think so
D. I’m afraid so
12．I am happy if you ________.
A. happy
B. are
C. will
D. be
13．—I say it is your turn to be on duty today.
— ________?
A. Mine
B. I
C. Myself
D. Me
14．Don’t come in unless ________.
A. inviting
B. inviting to
C. invited to
D. being invited to
15．—I usually go there by train.
—Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. try to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
16．The doctor did what he could ________ the boy, but in vain.
A. save
B. to save
C. saving
D. saved
17．He spent most of his spare time ________ novels.
A. to read
B. reading
C. to reading
D. for reading
18．All the girl want ________ do is ________ stay at home and study hard.
A. /; to
B. to; to
C. to; /
D. either B or C
19．—Why did you take a taxi?
—I ________. I was late.
A. have to
B. have to do
C. had to
D. had to do
20．—Why didn’t you do your homework yesterday?
—But ________, sir.
A. I did so
B. I didn’t do it
C. I didn’t forget
D. I did do it
21．He is very famous here, so we had no trouble ________ him yesterday.
A. to find
B. finding
C. found
D. in founding
22．—How often do they give the concert?
— ________.
A. For twice a month
B. In twice a month
C. Twice a month
D. Twice month
23．He is not ________ his sister, but ________.
A. taller than; stronger
B. so tall as; strong
C. taller than; is stronger
D. as tall as; stronger
24．—You look happy today, Mary.
—I like my new dress and Mother ________, too.
A. likes
B. does
C. is
D. do
25．—What do you think made Mary so upset?
— ________ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
26．—Who’s got all my money?
—He ________.
A. does
B. is
C. was
D. has
27．The children are made ________ twelve hours a day.
A. to work
B. work
C. working
D. worked
28．We often hear him ________ English songs.
A. to sing
B. sing
C. singing
D. to be singing
29．I’m very busy preparing for the exam, so I can’t help ________ the house work.
A. doing
B. do
C. did
D. done
30．What doctors can do is ________ people’s life.
A. save
B. saving
C. to save
D. A or C
31．Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell
B. told
C. was told
D. having told
第四页32．Ask him to take you home ________ possible.
A. at
B. while
C. if
D. if they
33．The English book for kids is the best of its kind ________.
A. that has ever been made
B. ever made
C. ever been made
D. has ever been made
34．—Will Susan win the Nobel Prize this time?
—It is likely that she ________.
A. will
B. does
C. will do
D. wins it
35．I prefer the climate of Kunming to ________ of Wuhan.
A. it
B. one
C. this
D. that
36．—Mr. Black has just arrived.
—Really? ________. He didn’t accept our invitation.
A. I can’t imagine it
B. 1 don’t think so
C. I hope so
D. I don’t believe him 37．They live on a busy main road. ________ must be very noisy.
A. There
B. It
C. That
D. They
38．We don’t go to the cinema as much as ________.
A. we used to go
B. we used to do
C. used to
D. we used to 39．Canada has a large area than ________ China.
A. that of
B. the one of
C. it of
D. /
40．________, I’ll have a letter sent to your company.
A. If necessary
B. If it were necessary
C. As I’m necessary
D. Unless it is necessary
41．—Shall I invite Mike to my party?
—Yes, it will be nice if you ________.
A. invited
B. do invite
C. are . invite
42．—Have you been here long?
— ________.
A. No, not very
B. Not much
C. Yes, only little
D. No, only yesterday 43．—Do you follow me?
—Yes, ________.
A. it is good
B. I will
C. perfectly
D. very good
44．Look out for cars ________ the street.
A. when crossed
B. when crossing
C. if you crossed
D. while you are crossing
45．She worked very hard ________ still rather poor in health.
A. though she
B. although she
C. though
D. although was
46．—Is the stamp very unusual?
— ________.
A. Yes, very much
B. Yes, it is so
C. Yes, very
D. Yes, not very 47．—Can you climb that tree, my boy?
— ________?
A. I
B. Mine
C. Myself
D. Me
48．—Will you waste your time and money on that?
—Certainly ________.
A. will not
B. no
C. it
D. not
49．—What happened to the boy? He’s making so much noise.
—He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him ________.
A. not
B. to
C. not to
D. 不填
50．—Shall I wake you up tomorrow morning?
—Yes, ________.
A. please do
B. you shall
C. you will
D. you may
51．You have three children, but I have only two ________.
A. one
B. ones
C. /
D. child
52．—Mary said the lecture was boring.
—Yes, I said ________.
A. so
B. this
C. the kind
D. the same
53．—Alice, why didn’t you do it the day before?
—I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had
B. would
C. was going to
D. does
54．—Do you need a new tie to go with your new suit, Mr. Smith?
—No. ________.
A. I’m having plenty of ties
B. I have lots of ties to do it
C. I think I have several that will do
D. There are lots of ties to do it
55．—Are you a film star?
— ________.
A. Yes, I was
B. I used to be
C. I used to
D. I’m used to
56．—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all. ________.
A. I’ve no time
B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it
D. I’d be happy to
57．—I’m going to dig it up.
—What ________? A. with B. by C. at D. from
58．Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl did not dare ________ in her room. A. sleeping
B. to sleeping
C. sleep
D. slept
59．—They have done a good job.
—________. Let’s go to congratulate them.
A. So they have done
B. So they have
C. So have they
D. So is it
60．He smokes a lot. Does his father ________?
A. smoke so
B. smoke that
C. do so
D. did that
插入语用法之小结
在英语学习中，插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实，插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。
例1 _____the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.
A.General speaking
B.Speaking general
C.Generally speaking
D.Speaking generally
解析：本题答案为C.generally speaking为分词短语，意思是“一般来说”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为），judging from……（根据……判断）等。
例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.
A.In fact
B.Luckily
C.Unfortunately
D.Naturally
解析：本题答案为C.unfortunately为副词，意思是“令人遗憾地，不巧，可惜”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily （happily）for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（简单地说）等。
例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard，_____，you failed.
A.in the end
B.after all
C.in other words
D.at the same time
解析：本题答案为C.in other words为介词短语，意思是“换句话说”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short （简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先），in addition（此外），of course （当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her regret（使她遗憾的），for example（例如）等。
例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What‘s more
B.That is to say
C.In other words
D.Believe it or not
解析：本题答案为D.believe it or not为一分句，意思是“信不信由你”，在句中作插入语。
小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure （我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I’m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what’s more（而且），what’s worse （更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等。
例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare.
A.To be frank
B.What’s more
C.In addition
D.However
解析：本题答案为A.to be frank为不定式短语，意思是“坦率地说”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure（无疑地），to sum up（概括地说），to tell the truth（老实说）等。
例6 _____，he should have done such a thing.
A.Speaking general
B.Strange to say
C.Luckily
D.Of course
解析：本题答案为B.strange to say为形容词短语，意思是“说也奇怪”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say （不用说），most important of all（最为重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。
【试题设计】
1._____，he often forgot to turn off the lights.
A.Even better
B.Strange
C.However
D.Fortunately
2.Greenland，_____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers.
A.it is the largest
B.that is the largest
C.is the largest
D.the largest
3.An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day.
A.does
B.did
C.has to
D.had to
4.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，she ____ something she would regret later.
A.had said
B.said
C.might say
D.might have said
5.Boris has brains. In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ.
A.a high
B.a higher
C.the higher
D.the highest
6.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_____，of course，made the others envy him.
A.who
B.that
C.what
D.which
7._____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A.Given
B.To give
C.Giving
D.Having given
8._____，success results from hard work.
A.Worse still
B.Sure enough
C.To sum up
D.What’s worse
9.As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood.
A.no such
B.no a
C.not such
D.no such a
10.He made another wonderful discovery，_____ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is
B.which I think it is
C.which I think it
D.I think which is
11.One day，_____，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.
A.to sum up
B.what’s more
C. it is said
D.in addition
【省略替代参考答案】
诊断练习1～5 BDBDB 6～11 DACAAC
参考答案
1~5 DBABD 6~10 BABAB 11~15 DBACD 16~20 BBDCD 21~25 BCABC 26~30 DABBD
省略句 必修一 烛之武退秦师 晋军(于)函陵,秦军(于)汜南(省略介词“于”) （烛之武）辞曰：“臣之壮也，犹不如人；……”（省略主语） 敢以（之）烦执事（省略介词宾语，以之） 荆轲刺秦王 秦王购之( 以) 金千斤 欲与( 之) 俱 见燕使者（于）咸阳宫 而（群臣）卒惶急无以击轲 鸿门宴 必修二 游褒禅山记 不随以止也（省略句） 必修三 琵琶行 送客（于）湓浦口。省略介词。 本(是)长安倡女。省略谓语。 送客(于)湓浦口。省略介词。 使(之)快弹数曲。省略宾语。 沉吟放拔插(于)弦中。省略介词 寡人之于国也 可以无饥矣。省略句，省略宾语。
劝学 学不可以已。 輮以为轮。 无以至千里。 过秦论 南取百越之地，以（之）为桂林、向郡。省略句，省略宾语。 铸以（之）为金人十二。定语后置句；省略句，省略宾语。 倔起（于）阡陌之中。省略句，省略宾语。 威振（于）四海。省略句，省略宾语。 身死（于）人手。省略句，省略宾语。 委命（于）下吏。省略句，省略宾语。 师说 吾从而师之。省略句，省略宾语“之”。 今其智乃反不能及。省略句，省略宾语“之” 必修四 廉颇蔺相如列传 传（之）以（之）示美人及左右。 今君乃亡（于）赵走（于）燕。 秦王会（于）渑池。 因厚遇之，使（之）归赵 既归，赵王以（之）为贤大夫 宁许（之）以负秦曲。 张衡传 视事三年，上书乞骸骨（省略主语“张衡”）
讽议左右（省略介词“于”） 举孝廉不行，连辟公府不就（省略主语“张衡”）必修五 归去来兮辞 童仆欢迎，稚子候(于)门 滕王阁序 物（有）华天（有）宝 十旬休假，胜友如云（聚集） 渔舟唱（于）晚，响穷彭蠡之滨 所赖君子安（于）贫 逍遥游 翱翔（于）蓬蒿之间。 陈情表 谨拜表以闻（陛下） 逮（臣）奉圣朝，沐浴清化 则告诉（陛下）不许 少仕（于）伪朝
高考英语语法——省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现。 简单句中的省略 1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (It) Doesn’t matter. (4) (I) Beg your pardon. 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking . (2) (Is there) Anything wrong ? (3) (Will you) Have a smoke ? (4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? (5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have: (1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there). (2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. (4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have. 4、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). 5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. (2) –-Have you finished your work ? ---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 1、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so. (2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us. (3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not. (4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. (3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. 1、连词的that省略 (1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。
省略句练习与答案 自我检测 1. －What’s the matter with John? －He didn’t pass the test but he still____. A. hopes so B. hopes to C. hopes it D. hopes that 2. －She must look like a very pretty girl. －Yes, I imagine__________. A. to B. that C. it D. so 3. This is an illness that can result in total blindness__________ left untreated. A. after B. if C. since D. unless 4. －What will John Smith be doing in the fall of this year? －_________ mathematics at a high school. A. Teaching B. To teach C. Be teaching D. Teac 5. －Better not have the operation right now. －________. A. I mustn’t B. I shouldn’t C. I won’t D. I can’t 6. －Will you go to the party? －Of course I will if_________. A. I was invited B. invited C. having invited D. I will be invited 7. The special medicine for the disease was difficult to find though________ everywhere. A. sought B. having sought C. being sought D. having been sought 8. Taking such kind of medicine, if _______ , will possibly do you great harm. A. continue B. to continue C. continued D. continuing
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
详解高中英语中省略句的问题 莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。 一、省略的目的 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的： A．避免重复，减少累赘。 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。 -- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了)— What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么 —An apple. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然） B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑） In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night，上下文连接更加紧密） 省略： 回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。 C．强调重点，突出信息。 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了too loud） — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗 — Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet ) 二、可省略的成分 省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。 A．功能词的省略 功能词指的是没有完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，首先表现在功能词的省略上。 1．冠词的省略 They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
省略句练习题 1. ____ time, he’ll make a first –class tennis player. A. Having given B.To give C. Giving D. Given 2.—Susan,go on. Your sister is cleaning the yard. ---Why____? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me 3.Generally speaking, ____according to the direction, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 4. Unless ____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 5.—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? -- _______. A. I guess not so. B. I don’tguess
C. I don’tguess so D. I guess not. 6.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 7.When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 8. The director gave me a better offer than _____. A. that of Dick’s B. Dick’s C. he gave Dick D.those of Dick 9. ---Does your brother intend to study German? ---Yes, he intends_____. A. / B. to C. so D. that 10.--Alice, why didn’tyou come yesterday? ---I ____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
省略 语法点1 简单句中的省略 特点： 1.名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅，店铺，数学或上文已经暗示或者确指出错过的 事物时，常常可以省略。 2.在以what, how开头的感叹句中，常常可以省略句子的主语it和连系动词be. 3.如果主语是all one can do, the first (only) thing to do, what one does to do 等形式，作表语 的动词不定式用来说明上文do的内容时，不定式符号to可以省略，可以不省略。4.在前面出现过的动词在下文再次出现时，可以单独使用动词不定式to，表示省略了一 个不定式结构。 5.在独立结构中have和having beening可以省略。 6.祈使句通常省略主语you. 7.感叹句，部分文句。部分第一人称陈述句常有省略成分。 8.用so, not或者其他手段来代替上文或问句中的一部分或整个句意。 9.在某些动作后的宾语补足语中可以将to be 省略。 例如 I had managed to get the job at my uncle’s (store). 我好不容易才到我叔叔的商店里找到了着粉工作。 We can meet at Tom’s. 我们可以在汤姆家见面。 I’m thinking of going to the barber’s.我在考虑要去理发店。 What a wonderful victory (it si ) for me! All you have to do is (to ) go back to work. Will you play with them?你和他们一道玩吗？ Well, I’d love to ( play with them). 唔，我想和他们一道玩。 The work (having been) done, they went home one after another. 干完了工作，他们陆续回家了。 What next?下一步怎么办？ Why so? 为什么这样呢？ How come?怎么回事？ Glad to see you. 很高兴见到你。 Sorry, the line is busy. 对不起，占线了。 Can he do this work?他能做这件工作吗？ I think so. (= I think he dan do this work.). 我想他行。 Can you do this work? 你能做这件工作吗？ I am afraid not. 我怕不能。 The film is thought (to be) very valuable. 人们认为这部影片很有价值。 They found the answer (to be)correct. 他们认为答案是正确的。 语法点2 并列句中的省略 特点 1.在并列句中，第二分句（或第三，四分句）往往可以省略与前句相同的一些成分。 2.有的并列句的省略部分在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。例如 Jim came in september but Bob (came) in October. 吉姆是九月来的，但是鲍勃是十月来的。Bob works (in Shanghai), and Peter lives, in Shanghai.鲍勃在上海工作，而彼得住在上海。
高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis） 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语，只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时， 省略时应保留have；不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时，也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
省略句 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。 Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is， there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法 关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略 1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形 成倒装句。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句 中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略 1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定 式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch) 2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, sh e couldn’t help but cry. 3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope， try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。 E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to. Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
高考英语最新省略句知识点技巧及练习题 一、选择题 1．Although not as such, those large-scale military exercises with America were partly aimed at scaring the North Korea. A．being advertised B．advertising C．having advertised D．advertised 2．—Those senior citizens cheated should have been warned of illegal fund-raising. —________. But few could resist the temptation. A．They were B．They should C．They must D．They did 3．Tom told the news to everybody in the classroom. Why didn’t you tell him _______? A．not to be done B．not do it C．not to D．do not to 4．The flowers he bought will die unless every day. A．watered B．watering C．being watered D．to water 5．Our bedroom ________ 8 metres across, if ________ in metres. A．is measured; measured B．is measured in; measuring C．measures; measured D．measures in; measuring 6．I decide I will not attend her birthday party ________. A．if inviting B．when inviting C．unless invited D．while invited 7．---Are you a teacher? ---No, but I ________. A．used to B．was used to C．used to be D．used to do 8．If _____ green, the door might look more beautiful. A．paint B．painted C．to paint D．painting 9．Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when ______. A．touching B．touched C．is touched D．to be touched 10．Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited 11．It has been said that “happiness is like a butterfly, which, when _ _, is always beyond our grasp but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you．" A．pursuing B．pursued C．to pursue D．having pursued 12．Jerry has promised to keep the secret, so he won't tell anyone even though . A．asking to B．to be asked
高中英语特殊句式练习题 1．Word came ______ our duties would be changed. A. that B. which C. whether D. when 2．Every year a great number of foreign tourists pay a visit to _____ we Chinese call Heaven Lake. A. where B. which C. what D. that 3．A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might use the picket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 4．When ________ questions in class, one should answer them as clearly as possible. A．asking B．to ask C．to be asked D．asked 5．It is the first time that we ________ a film in the cinema together as a family．A．see B. had seen C．saw D．have seen 7．After the exam, my teacher told me that failure ____ the mother of success. A. was B. is C. be D. been 8．It was only when I reread his poems recently ______ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. that B. until C. then D. so 10．Our teacher said to us that the earth _________ around the sun. A. travelled B. travels C. is traveling D. was traveling 12．The Frenchman pointed to the spoon and asked me＿＿＿to call that in Chinese. A. whether B. where C. which D. what 13．—Dock doesn't know much about computers. —. A.So he did B.So does Mary C.Neither do I D.Nor will Mary 14．Before I left home, my mother taught me ________some simple dishes, such as noodles and garlic with vegetables. A. what cooking B. how cooking C. what to cook D. how to cook 15．Making great efforts to struggle hard in your study，if ______，will possibly lead to your great success in the college entrance exam next year. A. continued B．to continue C．continues D．continuing 16．It was many years ____ American women were given the rights to vote. A. when B. since C. before D. as 17．Don’t worry！There is still a great chance we can make up for the lost time. A．which B．that C．where D．when 18．Her last book sold five million copies and we hope this one will be＿＿＿＿popular. A. so B. as C. such D. much 19．--- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________. A. I not B. don’t C. not D. no 20．______, I suppose, and the housing problems for the low-income families could be solved. A. If you double your efforts B. To make some more efforts
高考中的省略 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况： 一、简单句中的省略 1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语，如：What a hot day ! How wonderful! 2）在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分，如：Anything else ? —Are you feeling better now ? —Much better . This way, please. 二、并列句中的省略 1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分，如：John must have been playing basketball and Mary doing her homework. 2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略，如：His advice made John happy, but Mary angry. 3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语，如：He gave up drinking for several days, but soon returned to his old ways. 4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同，that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分，如：Jack will danceat the party, but I know Tom won't . 三、复合句中的省略 I）名词性从句中的省略 （1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语，如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who . He has gone, but no one knows where. （2）引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that 也能省略，如: He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. （3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一个坚持(insist)，二个命令(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise )，四要求(demand, require, request, ask) ，如：It's important that we speak to the old politely. Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination. (4) It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主语从句中，如: It is necessary that the problem be solved at once. (5)有时也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分，如：Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.
高中英语省略句 莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。 一、省略的目的 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的： A．避免重复，减少累赘。 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。 -- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了) — What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么？ — An apple. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然） B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑） In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在 帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night，上下文连接更加紧密） 省略： 回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that 勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。 C．强调重点，突出信息。 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了too loud） — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗？ — Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet ) 二、可省略的成分 省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。 A．功能词的省略