被动语态讲解
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，
be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2）has /have been done 现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时
例A new cinema is being built here．
4）was/were done 一般过去时
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5）had been done 过去完成时
例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6）was/were being done 过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7）shall/will be done 一般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8）should/would be done 过去将来时
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一
个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构
中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
It is said that… 据说, It is reported that…据报道，
It is believed th at…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，
It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，
It is suggested that…据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
（＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash
等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, take place, come out,
come true, 等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste,
look, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable
四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1．在need，want，require,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading．
（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和
句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．
(to do和things是动宾关系，和I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you ha ve a letter to be posted?
( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
被动语态专项练习
选择题
1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is ; built
B. Was ; built
C. Does ; build D .Did ; build
2.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened
B. was happened
C. is happened
D. happened
3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown
B. are grown
C .grows D. grow
4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited
B. will be visited
C. has been visited
D. was visited
5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given
B. has been given
C. will be given
D. gives
6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing
B. are being done
C. has been done
D. will be done
7.The doctor _____ for yet.
A. isn't sent
B. hasn't been sent
C. won't be sent
D. wasn't sent
8.--When ___ this kind of computer______?
--Last year.
A. did; use
B. was; used
C. is; used
D. are; used
9.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written
B. was; written by
C. did; written D .was; written
10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
A. has asked to
B. was asked to
C. is asked D .asks to
11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us
B. was told to us
C. is told us D .told us
12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump
B. jumps
C. jumped
D. to jump
13.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B .must be looked after
C. must look after D .looked after
14.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to
B. should be listen
C. be listened
D. is listened
15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.
A. has been
B. had been
C. has
D. had
17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?
A. would be completed
B. will be completed
C. had been completed
D. is being completed
18. Grea t changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.
A. have taken place; was founded
B. has taken place; was founded
C. have been taken place; founded
D. took place; founded
19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?
—She has _______ by her classmates.
A. laughed
B. laughed at
C. been laughed
D. been laughed at
20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.
A. need
B. are needing
C. are needed
D. will need
21. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care
B. be taken care of
C. take care
D. take care of
22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given
B. given
C. to give
D. be given
23. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave
B. was given
C. was giving
D. had given
24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?
A. prevent from
B. prevented from
C. be prevented from
D. to prevent from
25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. been built
D. be building
26. This bike ________ last year.
A. bought
B. has been bought
C. was bought
D. had been bought
27. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?
A. was destroying
B. destroyed
C. would destroy
D. was destroyed
28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided
B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide
D. hasn’t decided
29. The pen _______ me. It is hers.
A. isn’t belong to
B. wasn’t belong to
C. doesn’t belong to
D. didn’t belong to
30. I can’t use my bike because it _______.
A. is repairing
B. is being repaired
C. will repair
D. was repairing
31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so
as to make herself _____.
A. was expected; heard
B. had expected; hear .
C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard
32．— The window is dirty.
— I know. It _____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned
B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned
D. hasn’t been cleaned
33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in
Beijing.
A. would be completed
B. was being completed
C. has been completed
D. had been completed
34.—How long _______ at this job?
—Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D .will you be employed
35.—What happened to the priceless works of art?
—_______.
A. They were destroyed in the earthquake
B. The earthquake was destroying them
C. They destroyed in the earthquake
D. The earthquake destroyed them
36. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He _______ trying to save
a child in the earthquake.
A. killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing
37. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut
B. are cut
C. are being cut
D. had been cut
38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.
A. is changing
B. has changed
C.
C. will have changed
D. will change
39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B will be lost
C. are lost
D. will lose
40. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built
B. is built
C. has been built
D. is being built
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B D A
C C B B B B B B
D B A B B B A D C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B A B
C B C
D A C B A D D B A C C A B D
初中被动语态讲解 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
被动语态 一．概念： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 例：1. They make trains in Xi’an. >> Trains are made in Xi’an by them. 2.Xm beats Xx evey day. >> Xx is beaten by Xm every day. 二．构成 be + done (p.p.--及物动词的过去分词） 一般现在时—— am／is ／are + v.p.p. 一般过去时—— was／were +v.p.p. 一般将来时—— will be／be going to be + v.p.p. 过去将来时——would be/was,were going to be + v.p.p 现在进行时——am/is/are being + v.p.p. 过去进行时——was/were being+ v.p.p. 现在完成时—— have/has +been+ v.p.p 情态动词—— aux.v. (must／can／could／may…) + be + v.p.p. 三．被动语态的使用 1. 当我们不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时； 例：1. His car was stolen last night. 2. Basketball is played in most countries. 2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心（常由by引起） 例：1. A lot of articles (that) we have learned were written by Lu Xun. 四．不用被动语态的情况 1. 某些及物动词+ adv表主动，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write，wear，wash，photograph, clean, cook, cut 例：1. This book sells well. 2.Your pen writes really well/smoothly. 3.This dress (that) my mom bought for me wears well 4.She does not photograph well. 5.The cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 句子是主谓结构时，不用被动语态。常见的谓语动词有：happen, take place, (dis)appear, rise, break out, come about, come true, come out, run out, turn out 例：1. A traffic accident happened just now. 2. Great changes are taking place in my hometown. 3. He disappears. 4. When a gay person comes out, they let people know that he is a gay. 3. 连系动词无被动：感官系动词：look、feel、sound、smell、taste “表变化的系 动词”：become、grow、turn、fall、get “表保持的系动词”：keep, reamain, stay ④ prove + 形容词，名词或不定式 五．注意
(2018?山东莱芜) 33- — Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years. 一Yes. And the high-speed rail _______ in 2020. A. completes B. is completed C. will be completed D. will complete 33. C【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：——在过去的几年里，莱芜发展变化很大。——是的。并且在2020年高铁将要建成通车。主语the high-speed rail和谓语动词complete之间是被动关系，in 2020是表示将来的时间状语，故动词要用一般将来时的被动语态will be completed。故选C。 32.（2018?云南曲靖)Nowadays China ____ for its new “four great inventions”—shared bicycle, electronic payment, high-speed railways and online shopping. A. was knowing B. was known C. is knowing D. is known 32. D 考查动词的语态。句意：如今，中国以其新的“四大发明”而闻名——共享自行车、电子支付、高速铁路和网上购物。be known for意为“因……而知名”，由时间状语nowadays 可知用一般现在时，故选D。 28.（2018?新疆乌鲁木齐）--Can you go to the movies with me tonight? --I have to ask my mum. If I , I will go with you. A.allow B. allowed C. am allowed D. was allowed 28. C 考查动词的语态。句意：——今晚你可以和我去看电影吗？——我得问问我的妈妈。如果我被允许，我会和你去。该句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，故排除B、D两项；又结合句意应为被动语态，故选C。 30.（2018·广西玉林）—What do you know about the 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup? —Oh, I only know that the last game ________ on July 15. A. was played B. is played C. will be played D. will play 30. C 考查句子的时态及语态。句意：—你知道2018年在俄罗斯举办的世界足球杯吗？—奥，我只知道最后一场决赛将在7月15进行。最后一场足球赛与谓语动词play属于被动关系，7月15日是一个表示将来的时间，故用一般将来时被动语态，构成为：will be+过去分词，故选C。 13.(2018·辽宁葫芦岛)—Light-rail vehicle（轻轨）in our city in two years. —Good news. A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built 14.C【解析】考查一般将来时的被动态。句意为：轻轨列车在两年后在我们城市。好消息。builds建造，一般现在时；built建造，一般过去时；will be built将被建造，一般将来时的被动态；is built被建造，一般现在时的被动态。从时间状语in two years在两年后可知此处时态应与一般将来时且主语与build之间存在被动关系，因此需用一般将来时的被动态。故选C。 9. (2018·辽宁辽阳)As far as we know, the 2022 Winter Olympics △in China. A. hold B. are hold C. will hold D. will be held 9. D考查动词的语态。句意：众所周知，2022年冬奥会会在中国举行。结合句意可知，2022年表将来，冬奥会被举行，表被动，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。 8. (2018·辽宁盘锦)—______ the theme park ______ in Shanghai two years ago? —Yes, it's about Chinese traditional culture. A. Does; build B. Did; build C. Is; built D. Was; built 8. D考查动词时态辨析。句意：—上海的主题乐园2年前建成了吗？—是的，是有关中国传统文化的。根据two years ago可知用一般过去时，又句子的主语与动词谓语为动宾关系，
初中被动语态详细讲 解
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例 如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语 就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。
一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4） was/were done 一般过去时 5） had been done 过去完成时 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。 例My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
被动语态专题 ◆定义 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 ◆被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 ◆被动语态的时态： “主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表： ◆主动语态变被动语态的方法 第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。 第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。 第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。 第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。
请对比下面的主动句和被动句： 主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China. 被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China. 随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句） 1.Bruce writes a letter every week. → 2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. → 3.We grow trees every spring. → 4.My mother cleans our room every morning. → 补充： ①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring ……. 用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook …… to him by Mary. for her by her father. 随堂演练： （1）He gave me a book. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语) （2）My father bought me a new bike. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
动词语态 英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如： They speak English.他们讲英语。 主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示； English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。 主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。 He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、被动语态的构成 1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和 时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 二、主动语态变被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。 （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 They held a meeting yesterday. →A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 三、各种时态的被动语态 1、一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。 2、一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。 3、一般将来时：will be+过去分词 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。 4、现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。 5、过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词
被动语态 一、概念： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 二、主动句变为被动句的步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 三、被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 We clean our classroom every day. My mother asks me to study hard. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词 不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动 语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many people speak English．（主动语态） English is spoken by many people．（被动语态） 1．被动语态的构成 由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。 注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如： My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。） The door is open．（门开了。） 2．主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．） Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如： They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang． He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short． They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如： We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of． 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如： People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．） 3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法： 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如： History is made by the people．The people make history． 4．不能用于被动语态的情况 1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost，suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如： They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。 My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much／What does it cost这值多少钱 Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。 This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。 2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：
初中英语被动语态讲 解原版
初中英语被动语态讲解原版 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.[少儿英语口语的提高，如果方法对还是很快的，最好的方法就是让他沉浸在一 个英语的环境中，现在最多人用的类似UIABC 这样的外教一对一教学平台，在一对一的教学中 建立一个纯正的说英语环境，15元/节的价格，也是还算比较经济的。] 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为 被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能 省略。
Grammar Review the Passive Voice(复习被动语态) ★被动语态的基本形式: 英语中的被动语态由be done(vt.的过去分词) 构成。其人称、数和时态的变化通过be 的变化表现出来的。以实义动词do 为例，在常见时态中，其被动语态的基本形式如下： ㈠谓语动词的被动语态 注 get lost/ married/ paid/ hurt/ burnt/ broken/ drunk/ killed drowned/ cheated/ separated/dressed/ injured 等等。
looks taste feels eg: ① How did you get lost in the mountain ？ ② They got married two months after their first sight. ㈡ 非谓语动词的被动语态 ★ 主动语态表被动意义的情况： ① 感官动词, 系动词 feel, look, taste, smell, sound ， 动词 read ，write ，sell, wash, clean, lock, dry, wear 等表主语的属性特征； 表示开始，结束，运动的动词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等; 用作谓语时，句子主语含有被动关系，但并不表示动作被执行，故不需用被动语态。如： 1. W hat he said 2. T he water in winter to be reasonable. cold. 3. W hatever my mother cooks delicious. 4. Y ou hairstyle vary fashionable. 5. T his pen writes well. 6. T he door won’t lock. 7. T he red coat of mine washes well. 8. T he shop closes at 10 o’clock every morning. 9. T he meeting ended in an friendly atmosphere. ② sb./sth. + be+ adj. to do , 此句中不定式 to do 与主语 sb./sth. T he text is easy to understand. (The text is easily to be understood.) T he water here isn’t fit to drink. ③ 少数动词如 print, build, cook, hang, make T he book is printing. 这本书正在排印中。 proved
被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被 动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种 特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义 一、语态结构比较 语态 时态主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时①am\is\are ②do/does(V.\V.s) am\is\are+done(V. p.p) 一般将来时will\be going to\be(about)to+do(V.) will+be+done(V. p.p) 一般过去时①was\were ②did(V.-ed) was\were+done(V. p.p) 现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing) am\is\are+being+done(V. p.p) 过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing) was\were+being+done(V.p.p) 现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p.) have\has+been+done(V. p.p) 过去完成时had+done(V. p.p.) had+been+done(V. p.p.) 情态动词情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+done(V. p.p.) 过去将来时would/should +V. would/should be +done(V. p.p.) 二、变被动句步骤 1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 主动语态变为被动语态例句： 一般现在时：主：We believe him. 被：He is believed by us. 一般过去时：主：He bought his children some pens. 被：Some pens were bought for his children by him. 一般将来时：主：Everyone will know the truth soon . 被：The truth will be known by everyone. 现在进行时：主：Mary is making a doll. 被：A doll is being made by Mary.