第八章介词
一、概述
介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词，在句子中不能单独使用。只能与名词、代词等构成介词短语，在句中作状语、后置定语、表语和补语等。介词的作用则是表明它后面的名词或代词（或相当于名词的其它词类、短语或从句）与其它句子成分的关系。单音节词一般不重读，具有两个或两个以上音节的介词有一个音节要重读。
-What do you want with those old boxes? --你留着那些箱子干什么用？（作状语）
-To put things in when I move to the new flat. --搬家时放东西用。
I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.我坐在一把有网眼的新式椅子上等候着。（作chairs的定语）
She is among my most welcome visitors.她是我最欢迎的来访者之一。（作表语）
I found myself in hospital when I came to myself.我醒来时发现自己躺在医院里。（作宾补）
二、介词的位置
1、介词通常位于名词或代词前
The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光从天窗穿射入，照亮了整个房间。
This work is beyond my grasp.这件工作非我力所能及。
Shall we rest in the shade beneath these trees? 我们在树下阴凉处休息一下好吗？
2、在某些结构中介词可以放在句尾
（1）在特殊疑问句中
在特殊疑问句中，介词可以放在句尾，和宾语分开，但依然存在着介宾关系。
Who (m) were you speaking to just now? 你刚才在和谁说话？
Which desk did you put the book on? 你把书放在那个桌子上了？
Who is she talking with? 她在和谁说话？
注意：介词也可放在句首疑问词之前连同疑问词一起引起疑问句。
With whom did you go to the cinema? 你和谁一起去看电影的？
Since when have you lived here? 从什么时候你住在这里？
（2）在定语从句中
在定语从句中，位于关系代词之前的介词，可以放在句尾，这种情况下关系代词可以省略；也可以放在关系代词前引导定语从句，介词不可放在that之前。
The room I live in is quite damp.我住的房子很潮湿。（关系代词which/that省略）
= The room in which I live is quite damp. (但不能用in that)
He is the man whom you can turn to for help.
He is the man to whom you can turn for help.他是你可以求助的人。
（3）某些wh-词引导的名词性从句中，关系代词为介词宾语位于句首时，介词后置Money is what he is badly in need of at present.目前，钱是他最需要的。
I don't know what he looks like.我不知道他长什么样？
（4）动词不定式作状语，需要介词同句中的主语构成动宾关系时，介词后置
The room is comfortable to live in.这间房子住起来和舒服。
The lake is safe to swim in.在这个湖里游泳很安全。
The man is hard to deal with.这个人很难对付。
（5）动词不定式作定语，需要介词同不定式所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，介词后置
It's a nice restaurant to eat at.在这家饭馆吃饭真好。
In those days he even had no money to buy food with.那时，他甚至连买饭的钱都没有。
3、在某些“（不及物）动词+介词”结构中介词紧跟动词后面
The thief broke into the room.小偷闯入了哪个房间。
He had to look after his sister.他要照看他妹妹。
三、介词短语在句中的作用
1、介词的宾语（prepositional phrase）
介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫做介词宾语，介词宾语不仅是名词和代词，还可以是其他词类或句子
（1）名词
The word "write" has the same pronunciation as the word "right". “w rite”这个单词与“right”这个词发音一样。
I have lived in Beijing since 1996.自1996年以来我就居住在北京。
The mayor intended to get to the bottom of the matter.市长打算将此事寻根究底。
（2）代词
Give the book to him. 把这本书给他。
Wherever he went, he carried the camera with him.不论他到哪里，他都带着相机。
（3）形容词
In short, I have done my best. 简而言之，我已经尽力了。
His pronunciation is far from perfect.他的发音远不是完美的。
（4）副词
It's far away from here.离这很远。
Since then, he has developed another bad habit.自那以后,它养成了另一种坏习惯。
（5）动词的-ing形式
I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。
I insist on your being there. 我坚持要你在那里。
（6）不定式
He had no other choice but to sleep. 除了睡觉他没有别的选择。
I've done everything you wanted except make the bed.你要我干的是我全干了，只是没铺床。（7）介词短语
He lived from across the street.他从街对过住。
She pull him out from under the table.她从桌下把他拖出来。
He read till into the night.他一直读到深夜。
（8）数词
In nine out of ten he won't come.十之八九他不来。
The students are walking in the garden in twos or threes.学生三三两两的在公园里散步。
It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
He left on Monday and returned after three days.他星期一走的，三天后回来的。
（9）疑问词+不定式
That depends on which method to take.这取决于采用那种方法。
I have informed her of when to start.出发的时间，我已通知他了。
（10）wh-词引导的从句
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。
I have no interest in what he said.我对他的话不感兴趣。
He has done everything except what I asked him to do.他什么都做了，就是没做我让他做的。That depends on whether he has his persistence.那要取决于他是否能坚持到底。
（11）that引导的从句
that引导的从句，除了in that, except that, save that, but that, notwithstanding that外，作其他介词宾语时，必须在介词和that之间架上先行词一般式it。
His report is correct except that some details are omitted.除了有些细节未提到之外,他的报导是正确的。
Man differs from other animals in that man can think and speak.任何其他动物的区别在于人能思维能讲话。
比较：
We may depend on that they will do as they have promised. (误)
We may depend on it that they will do as they have promised.（正）我们可以相信他们按他们所许诺的那样去做。
2、介词短语的功能
（1）作主语
From my home to the school is two hours' walk.从我家到学校要走两个小时。
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.故意的和无意的迥然不同。
（2）作表语
Mr. Smith is from America.史密斯先生是美国人。
The stamp is of great value.这枚邮票很珍贵。
He looks like his father.他像他爸爸。
（3）作宾语
I'll give you until tomorrow.我给你限期到明天。
A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.从帘子后面走出一位美女。
She pulled him out from under the bed.她把他从床底下拉出来。
（4）定语
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真知。
The man with glasses on there is Mr. John.那边戴眼镜的男人是约翰。
（5）状语
Because of the warm and sunny weather oranges grow very well here.由于天气暖和，日光充足，这里的桔子生长良好。
She sat in the shade under a tree. 她坐在树阴下。
（6）补语
We regard him as our friend.我们把他看作朋友。
They found themselves in a dark wood.他们不觉走入一座黑暗的树林。
四、介词的分类
1、从构成上分
（1）单介词（simple preposition）
in, at, from, on, since等，单一介词。
（2）复合介词（compound preposition）
as for至于, as to关于，至于onto到…上面去，within在…之内，nearby在…附近等，由两个介词组成。
（3）二重介词（double preposition）
from behind从…的后面until after直到…之后from among从…当中，等由两个介词搭配而成，但没有符合借此那样固定。
（4）短语介词（phrase preposition）
owing to 由于，instead of 代替，而不in spite of，不顾、尽管，in favor of赞成by means of依靠in front of 在……之前，according to按照、依靠in addition to加之于…上，除…外，等由短语构成。
（5）分词介词（participle preposition）。
considering考虑到，regarding关于，including包括，等由动词的-ing形式转化而来。
2、从词义上分
（1）表示位置、地点、地方、距离等的介词。
aboard, about, across, after, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, by, down, for ,from, in, inside, near, of, off, out of, through, under, up, with, without, within等。
（2）表示钟点、日期、时间、时期等的介词。
about, after, around, as, at, before, behind, between, by, during, for, from, in, into, of, over, past, since, through, throughout, till, until, towards, within等。
（3）表示状态、形势、情况、境遇、形式、形状的介词。
about, above, after, against, as, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, by, for, from, in, of, outside等。
（4）表示方向、倾向、方法、途径、目的、对象等的介词。
after, against, along, at, for, in, over, out of, to, up, with等。
（6）表示原因、理由、条件、影响、结果的介词。
after, at, behind, between, by, for, from, into, of, through, to, towards, with, without等。
（7）表示方式、方法、手段、工具的介词。
after, against, among, at, between, by, for, in, on, over, through, to, under, with等
（8）表示程度、水平、标准、等级、次序、选择、比较的介词。
above, after, against, at, before, behind, below, beside, beyond, in, from等
（9）表示数量、量度、单位、价值、比率的介词。
above, around, at, below, by, for, over, to, under等。
（10）表示归属、所有、含有等的介词。
between, of, to, under, with等。
（11）表示规律、法则、合约、命令、习惯的介词。
against, by, within等。
（12）表示根源、出处等的介词。
among, from, in, of, out of等。
（13）表示分离、区分、排除、让步的介词。
after, besides, between, beyond, but, except, from, off, outside等。
（14）表示转化、变化、代替的介词。
for, from, into, of, to等。
（15）表示相互之间关系的介词。
about, after, between, by, considering, for, in, of, on, regarding, to, with等。
（16）表示手段的介词。
by, for, to, with等。
五、使用介词注意的几点
1、介词可兼作副词和连词
介词“支配”着宾语，所以它总是与名词、名词短语、代词或动名词有关；而副词不“支配”宾语，因此它与动词的关系较为密切。
（1）可以兼作副词的介词
这样的词后面有宾语时，起介词作用。词后没有宾语时，它们则起副词的作用（甚至暗含有宾语时亦如此）。副词与介词不同，它在讲话中重读。最常见的可兼作副词的介词有：about, above, across, after, along, around, before, behind, below, beyond, by, down, in, inside, near, off, on, opposite, outside, over, past, round, through, under, up等。
We drove round the city.我们开车在城里四处转。
We drove round.我们开车兜风。
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.一个青年男子和一个青年女子坐在我的后面。
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind.一个青年男子和一个青年女子坐在后面。
（2）只能作介词的词
against, beside, except, for, from, into, of, onto, to, per, till, until, towards, upon等，它们需要带宾语。
We sailed against the wind. 我们逆风行船。
She walked towards the door. 她向门口走去。
（3）用作副词而不作介词的词
away, back, backward(s), downward(s), forward(s), upward(s)以及out。
As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair.我跟着她走出了集市。
He put his tongue out. 他伸出舌头。
（4）用作连词的介词有after, as, before, since, till, until等。
He has been here since 2001 .自从他就来到了这里。（since为介词）
We haven't seen each other since he left here.自从他离开这里，我们再未见面。（since为连词）I've done everything you wanted except(but) make the beds.除了铺床外，你让我做的事我都做了。
2、英语中的许多介词，往往要译成汉语中的动词
英语中的许多介词在汉语中意思几乎相同，也就是说，汉语中的一个词或短语在英语中往往有多种表达。英语的表达更侧重事物内在的关系。汉语中“在…上”，在英语中可为on, in, above，across, over等。
He came back for his book.他回来取他的书。
There is a hole in the wall.墙上有一个洞。
They are building a bridge across the river.他们正在河上建一座桥。
3、表示动态或静态的介词
（1）一个介词可根据句中不同的动词而表动态（如pass，under）或表静态（如sit under）。
有些介词既能与“动作动词”连用（如bring, fly, drive, go, come, move, rush, push, run, walk），又能与“位置动词”连用（如be, live ,keep, meet, stay, stop, work）。
We live between two high buildings.我们住在两座高楼之间。
He runs between his home and his company.他奔波于家与公司之间。
（2）有些介词，如into,onto,out of, to等，一般都与“动作动词”连用。
A cat rushed into my bedroom last night.昨天晚上一只猫窜到了我的卧室。
I drove out of the car park.我把车开出停车场。
（3）有些介词，at, in, on等，一般与“位置动词”连用。
I waited in the hotel.我在旅馆等你。
（4）那些表“有目的的动作”的动词，如lay, place, sit, stand等，不能与into, onto一类介词连用。
He laid the box on the desk.他将盒子放在桌子上。
六、常用介词的用法
1、aboard
（1）在…（船舶、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）上
（2）上（船舶、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）
I have never been aboard an airplane.我从来没坐过飞机。
The passengers went aboard the ship.乘客们上了船。
2、about
（1）在…周围；在…附近
They planted trees about the house.他们植树于房屋四周。
There is a tall tree about the house.房子旁边有一棵大树。
（2）在各处
Such posters are put up about the city.城市到处都贴了这种海报。
（3）在…身边；手头
Have you got some money about you? 你身上有钱吗？
注意：about用作“在周围、在四周”时，可以与round或around互相换用。
（4）大约
It is about eight o'clock.大约八点了。
The apple is about the size of one's fist.那苹果差不多和拳头一样大。
The price is about 100 Yuan.价格约为一百元。
（5）从事于…
What are you about? 你在干什么？
He is going about his work.他正在工作。
（6）即将
She is about to be married.她就要结婚了。
（7）关于
I have heard a lot about you from my friends.我从朋友里听到很多有关你的事。
What are you talking about? 你在说些什么？
3、above
（1）在…上方
A beautiful lamp hangs above the table.桌子上方挂着一盏漂亮的灯。
The kite is far up above the tree.风筝高高飘在树上方。
注意：above可以表示在正上方，也可以表示不是正上方，与它对应的是below。over表示正上方，与它对应的是under。
（2）超过
The meeting lasted above three hours会议开了三个多小时。
Above all, we love truth.我们爱真理胜过一切。
This problem is above my understanding.这个问题我不懂。
I'm above him by two grades in the school.我在学校里比他高两级。
4、across
（1）在…另一边，在对过
His shop is just across the street.他的商店就在街对面。
（2）和…交叉
The two roads run across each other in the field.那两条路在田野里交叉通过。
（3）横跨、横过
The villagers built a bridge across the river.村民在河上架起了一座桥。
The plane flew across the desert.那架收音机飞越了沙漠。
5、after
（1）（地点、位置）在…后面
Please close the door after you.请随手关门。
Summer comes after spring.春天过后是夏天。
注意：after指时间次序的“在后”。指“位置”的“在后”应该用behind，但是在表示含有次序在后意思的位置时，也可以after。如上例。
（2）（时间）在…之后
He arrived there after three days.他三天之后到达那里。
I shall go there after four o'clock.四点以后我要去那里。
注意：after用于指过去的某时间以后，一般不用于将来。但如指具体的某时刻、日期等以后，则可用于将来时。
（3）依照、适合、仿照
The house was built after the Chinese style.那房子是仿中国式样盖的。
He was named after his uncle.他以叔叔之名为名。
（4）追求，追寻
Whom are you after? 你在找谁？
The police were running after the thief.警察在追小偷。
（5）因为
He ought to succeed after such hard work.他如此努力应该成功。
（6）关于
She required after your health.她问起你的健康。
6、against
（1）反对、逆
I'm against your plan.我反对你的计划。
Luck is against him.他运气不好。
He is swimming against the river.他逆水游泳。
He has sold his car against his will.他违背本意出售了自己的车。
We must fight against pollution.我们必须同污染作斗争。
（2）衬托，对照；以…为背影
The ship appeared against the sky.船出现在天际。
against a dark black ground以暗黑色为背景
（3）靠、依、接触
He leaned against the wall.他依墙而立。
Please hang this picture against the wall there.请将这幅画挂在墙上。
（4）碰（撞）在…
The rain is beating against the window.雨敲打着窗子。
The ship struck against the rock.船触礁了。
（5）以防、以备
Ants store food against the winter.蚂蚁贮存食物以备过冬。
Protect the grain against rain.护好粮食以防雨淋。
7、along沿着、顺着
She looked out sadly at a gray cat walking along a gray fence in a gray backyard.她满面愁容地呆瞅着灰蒙蒙的后院里正沿着一道灰色的篱笆走着的一只灰色的猫。
8、among
（1）在…当中
This is a common mistake among students.这是在学生当中一个普遍的错误。
That book is the best among modern novels.在近代小说中，那本书是最好的。
（2）在…所围绕之中
They built a house among the trees.他们于树林之中建一屋。
The town lies among the mountains.此镇位在群山环抱之中。
注意：among与between 的区别：among.表示三者或三者以上的中间，between表两者之间或者三者以上的两者之间。
There is a railway between the two cities.两城之间有一条铁路。
There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them.教室里课桌是如此之多，以致桌与桌之间几乎没有走动的空间了。
9、around
（1）环绕，在...的周围
She is going to travel around the world.她将作环球旅行。
Trees lie around the house.房子的四周都是树木。
The students sat around their teacher.学生坐在老师的周围。
（2）在那一边，在转过…的地方
The company is just around the corner.拐弯过去就是那家公司。
注意：around和round常可互换，英国英语中常用round和about,美国英语中常用around。round词性较多，可用作形容词、副词、介词等。around只作介词和副词。另外，表示“在附近”、“各处”等常用around，表示“圆周运动”、“测量”时用round。
（3）大约
The fighting began around eight o'clock.战斗大约在八点开始。
The trip cost me around 50 dollars.这次旅行花了我约五十美元。
10、as充当，担任，作为
Who will act as our maths teacher? 谁将做我们的教学老师？
As a teacher, I must try my best.作为老师，我当尽力。
11、at
（1）在（小地方或地理上的一个点）
I'll wait for you at the school gate.我在校门口等你。
（2）在（时间上的点，常用于几点几分）
We came here at half past nine.我们九点半到达这里。
（3）在…的旁边
They were sitting at the desk.他们正坐在桌子边。
（4）向、对准
Don't laugh at me.别嘲笑我。
The boy threw a stone at the dog.那男孩朝狗扔石块。
（5）对（一般用于表示感情的动词之后）
We are surprised at the news.听到这个消息，我们很惊讶。
The father was angry at the boy's laziness.父亲因那孩子的懒惰而生气。
（6）正在，正处在（在名词前表状态）
He is at school(work)now.现在他正在上学（工作）。
（7）表示比率、速度、价格
The car can go at 100 km an hour.这车速度可达每小时一百公里。
I bought the picture at a high price.我花大价钱买下了那幅画。
（8）依据，按照（请求、提议、吩咐、号召）
At your request, I finished the job on time.接你的要求，我及时完成了工作。
They went to Hangzhou at my suggestion.依我的建议，他们到杭州去了。
（9）处于、达到（极点、顶点）
They shouted at the top of his voice.他大声喊叫
The coat doesn't fit me at all.这衣服我穿着一点也不合适。
I suppose he is 25 at most.我以为他最多二十五岁。
12、before
（1）（位置）在前，在…面前，当…的面
She sat before me in the classroom.在教室里她坐在我前面。
They fought before the judge.当着法官的面，他们打了起来。
注意：表示位置在前面时，before是正式用词，一般情况下可用in front of替代，与之对应的词是behind；表示建筑物的前面，用in front of不用before.
（2）（时间、次序）在…以前，先于
Please come here before six o'clock.请在六点以前到这里来。
You should do thinking before act.你该三思而后行。
His name comes before yours on the list.在名单上他的名字列在你的名字前面。
13、behind
（1）（位置）在后、在背后
The boy hid behind the door.那男孩躲在门后。
The village is behind the hill.村庄在山后面。
（2）（遗、留）在…身后
He left his hat behind him in a hurry.仓促之间他把帽子丢下了。
Martin Luther King left behind him a great thought for us .马丁·路德·金给我们留下了伟大的思想。
注意：表示建筑物的后面用at the back of,但是和表示在建筑物前面不能用before不同，说在建筑物后面却可以用behind。
（3）支持，作…后盾
Because you are behind us ,we are not afraid .有你支持，我们不害怕。
（4）落后于…，不如…
I'm behind Xiao Liu in English.我英语不如小刘学得好。
We are still behind some advanced countries in some fields.在一些领域里我们仍落后于一些发达国家。
14、below
（1）在…下面、低于（等级、职务、程度、水平）
He went below the deck.他到甲板下面去了。
The temperature drops to below zero.气温降到零度以下。
He is very kind to those below his rank.他对下级很和善。
I'm below him in English.我英语不如他。
（2）不足…（数量、价值等）
The number of students in our class is below sixty.我们班学生不足六十人。
They will not sell it below the price of 100 dollars.价格低于一百元他们不卖。
15、beside
（1）在…的旁边
Come and sit beside me.过来坐在我身边
（2）离开（范围），与…无关
The discussion is beside the question.讨论离题了。
They agreed beside the point.他们议论得不贴题。
（3）与…相比
Beside his efforts ours seem small.与他们的努力相比，我们的努力微不足道。
16、besides除…之外
Besides English, he would like to study German and Japanese.除了英语他还想学德语和日语。Besides giving the patients medical treatment, the doctor also made scientific.医生除了给病人治病以外还从事科学研究。
注意：besides与except同可译为“除…以外”。Besides有“包括在内”之意，而except则无。
17、between
（1）在两者之间（时间、距离、情感等）
Do you know the differences between American English and British English? 你知道美国英语和英国美语的不同吗？
We have our breakfast between seven and half past seven.我们在七点到七点半之间吃早饭。between five and six km五、六公里之间
（2）在（两人）之间
A look passed between them.他们彼此递了个眼色。
the relation between teachers and students师生关系
18、beyond
（1）越过，在…之较远的一边
He lives three doors beyond this place.他住在过此三家之处。
They live beyond the river .他们住在河那边。
（2）为…所不能及，出乎…之外
What you did is beyond my imagination.你的行为出乎我的想象。
The dying boy is beyond help.这个将夭折的孩子无法挽救。
This book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。
（3）高于，超出
He is far beyond me in maths.他的数学比我强多了。
He asked a price beyond what I can pay.他所要的价，我付不起。
（4）除…之外
I'll pay nothing beyond this.我只付这些。
（5）较…更远
His home is beyond the station.他的家比到车站还远。
高考英语专题练习（五） 介词与介词短语 1．The university started some new language programs to cater _______ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt. 2．The whole team count _______ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. 3．Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _______ Thomas Edison. 4．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _______ animals both on land and sea? 5．Most people work because it's unavoidable. _______ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work. 6．We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _______ our emotions than for straight facts. 7．These comments came in response _______ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 8．This meeting room is a non－smoking area. I would like to warn you _______ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 9．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃_______ the average. 10．The little pupil took his grandma _______ the arm and walked her across the street. 11．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃____ the average. A．below B．on C．at D．above 12．September 30 is the day ______ which you must pay your bill. A．by B．for C．with D．in 13．These comments came _______ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. A．in memory of B．in response to C．in touch with D．in possession of 14．What we expect from you is working hard hardly working? A．less than B．rather than C．as well as D．as much as 15．_______ a common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform. A．of B．on C．to D．with 16．Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ______ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting. A．in demand B．in store C．on loan D．on sale 17．Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _______ sale. 18．But Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution _______ these villages without a local shop. 19．When Jane got home, with her small but well－chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _______ table having supper. 21．Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads _______ greater success in one's life. 22．Respect is very important _______ home, at school, and everywhere you go.
介词 一．介词的定义和特征 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介 词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如: Most of the students went to the classroom.大部分学生去了教室。 We play basketball on the sports ground.我们在操场上打蓝球。 介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。 belong to 属于，rely on 依靠，talk to 同...谈话，be afraid of 害怕，be strict with对... 严格... 介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。 Where do you come from?你是哪儿人? Who are you talking to?你在跟谁谈话呢? What do you study for?你为了什么而学习? 介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义: about关于,附近,大约,周围,随身 I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。 There are about fifteen trees in the picture.图片里大约有十五棵树。 above在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游 The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。 I think the man is above sixty years old. 我想那人有六十多岁了。 across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面 Can you swim across the river？你能游过河吗？ We live across the street. 我们住在街的对面。 after在...后面,依照 He went home after school.他放学后就回家了。 Read after me, please. 请跟我朗读。 against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背 The car hit against the tree. 汽车撞了树。 He is standing against the wall. 他靠墙站着。 along沿着,顺着 They are walking along the river. 他们沿着河行走。 among在...当中 He is the tallest among them. 他是他们当中个子最高的。 around在...的周围,在...那一边 They sat around the table talking the news.他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。 There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角处有一家药店。 as 作为 He doesn't like people treat him as a child. 他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
高考英语语法填空之介词及介词短语专项练习 1.I began ________ a calculating machine ________ France ________ 164 2. 2.Spielberg is such a famous director that we're all looking forward to ________(see)his new films. 3.Driving cars instead of taking buses is harmful ________ our environment. 4.As far as I know, the little boy has a strong desire ________ knowledge. 5.On the contrary, most electronic media such ________ television, recordings, and radio make fewer demands on their audiences. 6.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun ________each other. 7.________ tradition, Chinese people will have a family reunion, admire the moon and share the mooncakes. 8.Nanjing is an old city which lies ________ the Yangtze River. 9.Ensure the guard is ________ place before operating the machine. 10.We must wake up to the fact that this kind of animal is ________ danger of dying out. 11.He was tired ________ the city life and hoped to move to the country. 12.He couldn't hold back his tears when he recalled what he had gone ________ during his childhood. 13.She adapted herself quickly ________ the new life in London. 14.The teacher came in________ a book in his hand. 15.________ memory of the dead soldiers, a grand memorial was built on the spot of the great campaign. 16.Doctors should be patient ________ their patients. 17.After I was programmed ________ an operator who used cards ________ holes，I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. 18.Instead ________ going ________ a diet, she eats less fat and sugar and exercises more. 19.There were scores of scenes in this film where I was moved ________ tears. 20.With the Chinese people _______(unite) as one, any attempt to separate China is bound to fail. 21.As we approach our teenage years, we have to go ______ many physical and emotional changes.
高考英语介词专题复习 一﹑考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 （1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。 介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、throughout 等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。 分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、疑问词加不定式等。 （2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。 2、介词搭配 （1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。（2）常见“形容词+ 介词”搭配。 （3）“名词+ 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。 3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析 （1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。 表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。 （2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。 (3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。 注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如： next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day one day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before （4）till、until、to的用法。 ①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。 但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。 ②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。 （5）in、after、later ①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。 ②一段时间+ later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。 ③after + 一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。 另外，in + 一段时间+ ’s + time 与within + 一段时间的用法如下： in a week’s time = in a week They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用) My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表语） I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内) （6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。 （7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率相当高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在一轮的备考中必须逐一掌握每个高频介词的用法；弄清楚易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。常用介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是介词考查的主要方向。 一、介词的分类与语法功能 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。 介词分为：简单介词，如at，in，for等；合成介词，如within，inside，onto，throughout 等；短语介词，如according to，out of，by means of，in spite of，instead of等；双重介词，如from behind /above /under，until after等；分词介词，如considering，including，judging (from/by) 等。 二、介词的意义 1．表示时间的介词 (1)in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”，如用在月、季、份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示从说话起的若干时间内。如： in July/summer//ancient times The bus will be here in ten minutes. (2)on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如：on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st (3)at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如： at six o'clock, at Easter (4)over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。如：
高考英语介词知识点专项训练及答案(4) 一、选择题 1．For students who don't intend to improve themselves in study and always participate in various social activities, college is______ a social center. A．at lowest B．at best C．at least D．at worst 2．In the dancing party, my dress is out of ________, so I feel a bit embarrassed. A．order B．date C．control D．reach 3．You say the manager might not agree to the plan? ________, I will not put it forward in the meeting tomorrow morning. A．In no case B．In any case C．In case D．In that case 4．We can communicate________people in every part of the world ________the Internet. A．with；with B．with；through C．through；through D．through；with 5．_______ the right decision _______ our future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our life. A．Making, concerned B．Make, concerning C．To make, concerned D．Making, concerning 6．The comments which he made _________ marketing bothered his boss greatly. A．being concerned B．concerned C．be concerned D．concerning 7．Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination. A．to B．at C．by D．as 8．When a bird spots a hunter, _____ just flying away, it calls out in alarm and warns other birds. A．regardless of B．other than C．instead of D．rather than 9．As far as she could _______, there was nothing ______ low huts. A．turn out; besides B．make out; besides C．turn out; but D．make out; but 10．______ figure skating and gymnastics, there are no subjective votes made by judges in swimming. A．In contrast to B．In proportion to C．In association with D．In defense of 11．In case you feel nervous during the interview, you can make full preparations . A．in return B．in time C．in common D．in advance 12．Many video websites announce that viewers can watch shows and movies for free ________ watching advertising. A．in spite of B．on behalf of C．with the purpose of D．in exchange for 13．He helped me when I was in trouble, but asked for nothing . A．in relief B．in return C．in addition D．in charge 14．Running a company calls for intelligence, patience and a lot of experience._______, it's not an easy thing.
【英语】历年全国高考英语介词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择介词 1．On Wednesday, the World Health Organization announced that the number of people killed by Ebola has now risen to over five thousand, with more than fourteen thousand ______. A．having infected B．to infect C．infected D．infecting 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查with的复合结构。With+宾语+宾补，宾语补足语可以是不定式（表将来），过去分词（表被动或完成），现在分词（表主动或进行）。主句时态为一般过去时，动作已完成。句意：世界卫生组织宣布因埃博拉病毒致死的人数截止上周三达到了五千多人，并有超过一万四千人感染病毒。故选C。 考点：考查with的复合结构 2．Bless your heart, I know you didn’t break the vase ________. Don’t cry！ A．on purpose B．by accident C．on business D．by mistake 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意：好了好了，我知道你不是故意打破花瓶的。别哭了！A.故意地；B.偶然；C.出差；D.错误地。根据Don’t cry！可知，打破花瓶不是故意的。故选A。 3．A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little man. A．under B．with C．on D．by 【答案】D 【解析】 考查介词的用法。“借助某种方法和手段”常用“by ”; 而"with" 强调使用工具,常与 with this method 搭配。 4．（浙江卷）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us. A．on B．in C．at D．about 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】
2019年高考英语语法必考考点（4）：介词含解析 李仕才 【考点解读】 介词无法在句中独立担当成分，其后一般接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，还可接不定式（如：except, but）或that引导的从句作宾语，构成介词短语，有时还可接另外一个介词短语（如：from among the trees）。 一、介词的分类： 1. 从结构上分，可分为：简单介词（如：at, in, on, for, over, up）、合成介词（如：inside, outside, within, without）、以-ing结尾的介词（如：concerning, including, excluding, following）和短语介词（如：according to, because of, apart from, in case of）。 2. 从含义上分，可分为表示时间（如：at, in, on, before, between）、地点（如：at, in, on, under, behind）、趋向（如：to / towards, across, off, up）、原因（如：for, with, due to）、让步（如：despite, in spite of）和条件（如：in case of, without, but for）等的介词。 二．核心介词必备清单： 1)表示“时间”的介词： (1) at，on，in
at：用在钟点、黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜、节日等时间名词前或表示一段时间的开头或结尾。 at 12：00，at noon，at night，at midnight, at dawn，at daybreak，at sunrise，at the weekend，at Christmas on：用在具体的某一天、星期几及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词前，即on 表示具体的时间。 on October 1st，on a rainy day，on National Day，on the morning of January 3rd，on the afternoon of his arrival in：用在某年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词以及较长的时间如世纪、朝代之前。 in the Tang Dynasty，in September，in the morning/afternoon/evening 注意: 当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，some，every等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。 (2) for，during，through for：指某个动作或状态持续了多少时间。 during：指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。 through：在……期间；从……开头到结尾(最后那天包括在内，此时与throughout相同) (3) from，since from: 只用作介词，表示某动作或情况自某时开始，不表示什么时候结束。
高考英语介词知识点专项训练(2) 一、选择题 1．____ making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because in the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didn't require such an ability of the human brain. A．On behalf of B．In contrast to C．In salute to D．In terms of 2．We can communicate________people in every part of the world ________the Internet. A．with；with B．with；through C．through；through D．through；with 3．School was dismissed an hour earlier __________ the bad weather yesterday. A．on account of B．in case of C．in contrast of D．on the basis of 4．You cannot imagine how she finished the race _____ her foot wounded so badly. A．for B．when C．with D．while 5．He gave me an apple _____ a cake. A．by means of B．in place of C．with regard to D．in exchange for 6．The tiger, once a ____ animal to humans, is now ____of disappearing on the earth. A．dangerous; danger B．in danger; in danger C．dangerous; in danger D．danger; in danger 7．It’s a mistake to think of Harbin only ______ its ice-snow tourism. A．at the thought of B．in terms of C．with the exception of D．in response to 8．______ figure skating and gymnastics, there are no subjective votes made by judges in swimming. A．In contrast to B．In proportion to C．In association with D．In defense of 9．This play is________ a success_______ _the famous actress' absence. A．far from；due to B．by far；owing to C．above all；because of D．far away from；thanks to 10．We didn't travel much during the holiday, ______ because of the tight budget, but also because of the huge crowds. A．in turn B．in vain C．in part D．in effect 11．For students who don't intend to improve themselves in study and always participate in various social activities, college is______ a social center. A．at lowest B．at best C．at least D．at worst 12．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ______ the average. A．below B．above C．about D．on 13．Privilege comes from Latin privilegium, meaning a law for just one person, and means a benefit enjoyed by an individual or group ________ what's available to others. A．within B．considering C．despite D．beyond 14．It seems that number sense is something we have ________ with many animals in the world. A．in common B．in turn C．in charge D．in return
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—介词 介词---基础篇 一．介词at/ in /on. 1. 表示时间： 1). 表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄 at six o’clock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night 2) in表示时间段, 一天的三个时间段以及月份, 年, 季节, 世纪, 人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) in the morning/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties 3) on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上, 表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时. On Monday on New Year’s Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night on the evening of April 1st, 2007 2. 表地点: 1) at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置 at the station at the cinema 2) in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里. in China in the classroom 3) on 指在某物体的表面上.
on the desk 注意: 写街道时, 若有门牌号用at , 否则用on / in 都可. He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street. 二. 介词in /on / to 表方位: 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内. (包含关系) Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China . 2. on表示A, B地接壤. (外切关系) Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan . 3. to表示A, B两地有一定的间距. (外离关系) Japan is _____ the east of China . 三. between / among 在……之间： 1. between: 指两者之间. 在…….之间. 2. among : 用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中. You sit _____ him and me . The song is popular ______ the students. 四. after / in 在……之后： 1. after 1) after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时. 2) after 作介词. after doing sth 2. in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时. He came back ______ two days .
高考英语最新介词知识点专项训练 一、选择题 1．This play is________ a success_______ _the famous actress' absence. A．far from；due to B．by far；owing to C．above all；because of D．far away from；thanks to 2．If we surround ourselves with people _____our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement. A．in sympathy with B．in terms of C．in honour of D．in contrast with 3．China successfully launched a spacecraft on the far side of the moon, which, _____ misunderstanding, is not always dark. A．similar to B．familiar to C．contrary to D．superior to 4．The moonlight came in the windows in the roof and lit up my room. A．above B．across C．over D．through 5．Summer is already approaching, but the garden’s construction is________completion. A．apart from B．regardless of C．on account of D．far from 6．We had to break _______ our house after our vacation because we had lost the key on our way back home. A．in B．out C．down D．into 7．We teachers are encouraged to apply modern technology _______ classroom teaching. A．for B．to C．with D．on 8．The band was ____________ big, but they had a following in the Northwest and in various college towns between here and Chicago. A．in exchange for B．by no means C．in terms of heartbreak D．on behalf of 9．The food in this restaurant is good and the same is true_________ the service. A．about B．of C．over D．at 10．_______ the right decision _______ our future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our life. A．Making, concerned B．Make, concerning C．To make, concerned D．Making, concerning 11．_______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A．Because of B．Besides C．As for D．With 12．According to Baidu, the high-quality content of Cloud Music will reach massive users _______ Baidu’s app and video platform. A．in honor of B．in view of C．by virtue of D．by way of 13．Now, I doubt if there’s anybody here who is indifferent between the choices, indifferent _______the choice between these two lives. A．in favor of B．in honor of C．in place of D．in regard to