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专八 TEM8 英国文学知识

专八 TEM8 英国文学知识
专八 TEM8 英国文学知识

英国文学知识

一.古英语时期(Old English Literature 公元499—1066年)

英国文学开山之作:

头韵体诗歌(alliteration)《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf)

开德蒙(Caedmon):

《赞美诗》(Anthem)

琴涅武甫(Cynewulf):

《十字架之梦》(Dream of the Rood)

比德(Bede):

《英吉利人教会史》(Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum)

阿尔弗雷德大帝(King Alfred):

《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》(Anglo-Saxon Chronicle),被誉为“英国散文之父”(Father of English Prose)

二.中古英语时期(Medieval English Literature 公元1066年—15世纪)

头韵体诗歌:

《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight)

英国名谣:

《罗宾汉名谣集》(The Robin Hood Ballads)

威廉·兰格伦(William Langland):

《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》(The V ision Concerning piers the Plowman)

杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer):

英国中世纪最伟大的诗人,享有“英国诗歌之父”的美誉(Father of English Poetry)。代表作:八音节(octosyllabic)英雄双韵体(heroic couplet)诗歌《坎特布雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales)。

托马斯·马洛礼(Sir Thomas Malory):

英国15世纪优秀的散文家,代表作为《亚瑟王之死》(Le Morte d’Arthur)

三.文艺复兴时期(Renaissance 15世纪末—17世纪)

托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More):

伟大的人文主义者,代表作:《乌托邦》(Utopia),《国王爱德华五世悲戚的一生》(The painful Life of Edwar d Ⅴ).

托马斯·魏厄特(Thomas Wyatt)和亨利·霍华德(Henry Howard)的十四行诗(Sonnet)。

菲利普·锡德尼(Philip Sidney):

《阿卡迪亚》(Arcadia)被誉为“现代长篇小说的先驱”,《诗辨》(The Defense of Poesie)开创了近代英国的文学批评。

埃德蒙·斯宾塞(Edmund Spencer):

杰出的诗人,享有“诗人中的诗人”的美称。(poet’s poet),首创了“斯宾塞诗节”(Spencerian stanza)。代表作《仙后》(The Farie Queene)被誉为英国文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗”。他的诗歌包含了民族主义(nationalism)、人文主义(humanism)和清教徒主义(puritanism)等思想。

克里斯托弗·马娄(Christopher Marlow):

伟大的剧作家,是“大学才子”(University Wits)中最杰出的作家。代表作:《帖木儿大帝》(Tamburlaine),《浮士德博士的悲剧历史》(The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus)。

威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare):

伟大的戏剧家兼诗人。代表作有:叙事诗《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》(V enus and Adonis)和《露西克丽丝受辱记》(The Rape of Lucrece),《圣经钦定本》(The King James Bible),四大悲剧《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet)、《李尔王》(King Lear)、《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《麦克白》(Macbeth),喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of V enice)、《皆大欢喜》(As Y ou Like It)、《第二十夜》(Twelfth Night),历史剧(chronicle play)《亨利六世》(HenryⅥ)、《理查三世》(RichardⅢ)、《亨利四世》(Henry Ⅳ),传奇剧(miracle play)《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》(Pericles, Prince of Type)、《辛白林》(Cymbeline)、《冬天的故事》(The Winter’s Tale)和《暴风雨》(Tempest)。

本·琼森(Ben Jonson):

杰出的剧作家,风俗喜剧(comedy of manners)的奠基人。代表作:《人性互异》(Every Man In His Humor)。

约翰·多恩(John Donne):

杰出的诗人,“玄学派”诗歌(Metaphysical Poems)的创始人。代表作《歌曲与十四行诗》(Songs and Sonnets)。

乔治·赫伯特(George Herbert):

“玄学派诗圣”(the saint of the Metaphysical school),代表作诗集《神殿》(The Temple)。

安德鲁·马韦尔(Andrew Marwell):

“玄学派”(the saint of the Metaphysical school)诗人,代表作《致他的娇羞女友》(To his Coy Mistress)。

弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon):

杰出的散文家,哲学家,被誉为现代科学和唯物主义哲学(materialism)的创始人。散文有:《随笔》(Essay)、《论学习》(Of Study)、《论真理》(Of Truth),哲学著作有:《学术的推进》(The Advancement of Learning)和《新工具》(The New Instrument)。

四.资产阶级革命及启蒙时期(Revolutionary and Enlightenment Period 17世纪—19世纪)

约翰·弥尔顿(John Milton):

杰出的清教徒诗人,是英国历史上仅次于莎士比亚的伟大作家。代表作有《为英国人民而辩》(Defence of the English People),《为英国人民再辩》(Second Defence of the English People),《失乐园》(Paradise Lost),《复乐园》(Paradise Regained),诗剧(poetical drama)《力士参孙》(Samson Agonistes)。

约翰·班扬(John Bunyan):

杰出的清教徒散文家,代表作《天路历程》(Pilgrim’s Progress)。

约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden):

桂冠诗人(poet laureate)、戏剧家、文艺批评家。代表作颂诗《亚历山大的宴会》(Alexander’s Feast),政治讽刺诗《押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔》(Absalom and Achitophel),文学评论作品《论戏剧诗》(An Essay of Dramatick Poesie),“英雄悲剧”《印第安女王》(The Indian Queen)、《印第安皇帝》(The Indian Emperor)、《格兰纳达的征服》(The Conquest of Granada)、《残酷的爱情》(Tyrannick Love)和《一切为了爱情》(All for Love)。

亚历山大·蒲柏(Alexander Pope):

杰出的诗人,是英国新古典主义(Neo-classicalism)诗歌的重要代表。擅长写讽刺诗和运用“英雄双韵体”(heroic couplet),被伏尔泰誉为“欧洲最伟大的诗人”。代表作《田园组师》(Pastorals),讽刺诗《卷发遇劫记》(The Rape of the Lock)、《愚人记》(The Dunciad),哲理诗《批评论》(Essay on Criticism),《人论》(Essay on Man),翻译作品《荷马史诗》(Homer Epics)(包括《伊里亚特》(The Iliad)和《奥德赛》(The Odyssey))。

托马斯·格雷(Thomas Gray):

“感伤主义”(Sentimentalism)诗人。代表作《墓园挽诗》(An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)。

威廉·布莱克(William Blake):

诗人,代表作《天真之歌》(Songs of Innocence),《经验之歌》(Songs of Experience)。

罗伯特·彭斯(Robert Burns):

苏格兰杰出的农民诗人。作品:《一朵红红的玫瑰》(A Red, Red Rose),《昔日的好时光》(Auld Lang Syne)。

理查德·斯蒂尔(Richard Steel)和约瑟夫·艾迪生(Joseph Addison):

合伙创办了《闲谈者》(The Tatler)和《旁观者》(The Spectator)。

塞缪尔·约翰逊(Samuel Johnson):

著名的词典编撰家、散文家、文艺批评家。代表作《英语词典》(A Dictionary of the English Language),《致切斯特菲尔德爵爷书》(A Letter to Lord Chesterfield),《诗人传》(The Lives of the Poets)。

丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe):

英国现实主义小说家奠基人之一。代表作《罗宾逊漂流记》(The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe),《铲除非国教教徒的捷径》(The Shortest Way with the Dissenters),《摩尔·弗兰德斯》(Moll Flanders)。

乔纳森·斯威夫特(Jonathan Swift):

杰出的讽刺小说家、散文家。代表作《一个小小的建议》(A Modest Proposal),《格里佛游记》(Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Lemuel Gulliver),《桶的故事》(A Tale of a Tub)。

塞缪尔·理查森(Samuel Richardson):

英国现代小说创始人。代表作《帕米拉,或美德有报》(Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded),《克拉丽莎》(Clarissa),《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士的历史》(The History of Sir Charles Grandison)。

亨利·菲尔丁(Henry Fielding):

英国现代主义小说理论的奠基人。代表作《约瑟夫·安德鲁》(Joseph Andrews),《爱米莉亚》(Amelia),《汤姆·琼斯》(The History of Tom Jones)。

托比亚斯·斯摩莱特(Tobias Smollett):

苏格兰小说家,现实主义作家。代表作:流浪汉体裁小说(picaresque novel)《蓝登传》(The Adventures of Roderick Random),《匹克尔传》(The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle)。

劳伦斯·斯特恩(Lawrence Sterne):

杰出的感伤主义(sentimentalism)小说家。代表作《项狄传》(The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy)(开创了意识流小说(the stream of consciousness)),《感伤的旅行》(A Sentimental Journey)。

奥立弗·哥尔德斯密斯(Oliver Goldsmith):

杰出的剧作家、小说家、诗人和散文家。代表作《好心人》(The Good-Natur’d Man),《屈身求爱》(She Stoops to Conquer),《维克菲尔德牧师传》(The Vicar of Wakefield),诗歌《荒村》(The Deserted V illage),《世界公民》(The Citizen of the World)。

理查德·布林斯利·谢里丹(Richard Brinsley Sheridan):

伟大的戏剧家。作品《造谣学校》(The School for Scandal)达到了“风俗喜剧”(comedy of manners)的之巅,除此以外还有作品《情敌》(The Rivals)。

五.维多利亚时期(Victorian Era 1819年—1901年)

威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth):

“湖畔派”诗人(Lake poets),“桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate)。代表作《独自云游》(I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud),《孤寂的割麦女》(The Solitary Reaper),《丁登寺杂咏》(Lines Composed a Few Miles about Tintern Abbey),《序曲》(The Prelude)。

塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge):

“湖畔派”诗人(Lake poets)。代表作《古舟子咏》(The Rime of the Ancient Marine),《忽必烈汗》(Kubla Khan),《克里斯塔贝尔》(Christabel)。

罗伯特·索西(Robert Southey):

最年轻的“湖畔派”诗人(Lake poets),“桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate)。代表作短诗《布莱尼姆之战》(The Battle of Blenheim),《我与死者做伴的日子已经结束》(My Days among the Dead are Past),《撒拉巴》(Thalaba the Destroyer),长诗《克哈马的诅咒》(The Curse of Kehama)。

乔治·戈登·拜伦(George Gordon Byron):

伟大的诗人,英国浪漫主义文学运动的杰出代表。代表作《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》(Child Harold’s Pilgrimage),长诗《唐·璜》(Don Juan)。

波希·比希·雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley):

著名诗人,浪漫主义文学运动的杰出代表。代表作《阿多妮》(Adonais),《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind),《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound),《致云雀》(To a Skylark),《诗辨》(A Defence of Poetry)。

约翰·济慈(John Keats):

诗人,代表作《圣·阿格尼斯节前夕》(The Eve of St. Agnes),颂歌《秋颂》(To Autumn)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《希腊古瓮颂》(Ode on a Grecian Urn)。

艾尔弗雷德·丁尼生(Alfred Tennyson):

“桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate),主要作品《冲击、冲击、冲击》(Break,Break,Break),《尤利西斯》(Ulysses),《公主》(The Princess),《悼念》(In Memoriam),《毛黛》(Maud)。

罗伯特·布朗宁(Robert Browning):

著名诗人,独创了戏剧独白诗(dramatic monologue)。代表作长诗《环与书》(The Ring and the Book)。

伊丽莎白·芭蕾特·布朗宁(Elizabeth Barrett Browning):

罗伯特·布朗宁的妻子。代表作《孩子们的哭声》(The Cry of the Children),《葡萄牙十四行诗》(Sonnets from the Portuguese)。

马修·阿诺德(Matthew Arnold):

杰出的诗人和批评家。代表作《多佛海滩》(Dover Beach)。

但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂(Dante Gabriel Rossetti):

“先拉斐尔兄弟会”(the Pre-raphaelite)的创始人之一。代表作《女神》(The Blessed Damozel),《生命之屋》(The House of Life)。

查尔斯·兰姆(Charles Lamb):

著名的散文家、文学批评家。代表作《莎士比亚戏剧故事集》(Tales from Shakespeare)。

托马斯·德·昆西(Thomas De Quincey):

散文家、批评家。代表作《一个吸食鸦片的英国人的自白》(The Confession of an English Opium-Eater),《谋杀被视为一门艺术》(On Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts),《论<麦克白>中的敲门声》(On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth)。

托马斯·卡莱尔(Thomas Carlyle):

著名的散文家、文学批评家。《法国革命》(The French Revolution)。

贺拉斯·沃尔普洱(Horace Walpole):

小说家,代表作《奥特兰托城堡》(The Castle of Otranto)。

玛丽·雪莱(Mary Shelley):

小说家,代表作《弗兰肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)。

沃尔特·司各特(Walter Scott):

杰出的小说家,诗人,被誉为“历史小说之父”(Father of Historical Novels)。代表作《威弗利》(Waverley)、《罗伯·罗伊》(Rob Roy)、《艾凡赫》(Ivanhoe)。

简·奥斯丁(Jane Austen):

著名的现实主义作家。代表作《理智与情感》(Sense and Sensibility),《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice),《爱玛》(Emma)。

勃朗特三姐妹(The Bronte Sisters):

夏洛特·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)的《简爱》(Jane);艾米丽·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)的《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights);安尼·勃朗特(Anne Bronte)的《安格尼斯·格雷》(Agnes Grey)。

乔治·艾略特(George Eliot):

著名的现实主义女作家。代表作《亚当·比德》(Adam Bede),《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》(The Mill on the Floss),《织工马男》(Silas Marner),《米德尔马契》(Middlemarch—A Study of Provincial Life)。

盖斯凯尔夫人(Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell):

现实主义作家,代表作《玛丽·巴顿》(Marry Barton),《夏洛特·勃朗特传》(Life of Charlotte Bronte)。

查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)

杰出的小说家,批判现实主义(Critical Realism)的代表人物。代表作《波兹特写》(Sketches by Boz),《匹克维克外传》(The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club),《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twister),《老古玩店》(The Old Curiosity),《美国札记》(American Notes),《董贝父子》(Dombey and Son),《大卫·科波菲尔》(David Copperfield),《荒凉山庄》(Bleak House),《艰难时世》(Hard Times),《双城记》(A Tale of Two Cities),《远大前程》(Great Expectations)。

威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷(William Makepeace Thackeray):

杰出的批判现实主义(Critical Realism)的小说家。代表作唱片小说《名利场》(V anity),《亨利·艾斯蒙德》(Henry Esmond),《纽可姆一家》(The Newcomers)。

乔治·梅瑞迪斯(George Meredith):

小说家,代表作《理查德·法弗尔的苦难》(The Ordeal of Richard Feverel)。

托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy):

伟大的小说家,诗人。代表作《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess of the D’Urbervilles),《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure),《远离尘嚣》(Far From the Madding Crowd),《还乡》(The Return of the Native),《卡斯特桥市长》(The Mayor of Casterbridge),《威赛克斯故事集》(Wessex Tales),《人生小讽刺》(Life’s Little Ironies),诗歌《列王》(The Dynasts)。

约瑟夫·路德雅德·吉普森(Joseph Rudyard Kipling):

小说家,诗人,首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的英国作家。热衷于宣扬“白种人的责任”(the burden of whites),

炫耀大英帝国的军威。代表作《兵营歌谣》(Barrack-Room Ballads),《七海》(Seven Sea)。

约瑟夫·康拉德(Joseph Conrad):

小说家,他的作品被视为维多利亚小说和现代小说之间的过渡。代表作《黑暗的心》(Heart of Darkness)。

罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森(Robert Louis Stevenson):

英国新浪漫主义(Neo-Romanticism)文学的杰出代表。代表作《新天方夜谭》(New Arabian Nights)。

奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde):

著名的剧作家、诗人、小说家和文艺批评家,唯美主义(aestheticism)文学的代表。他以“为艺术而艺术”(art for art’s sake)的理论著称。代表作长篇小说《道林·格雷的画像》(The Picture of Dorian Gray),戏剧《温德米尔夫人的扇子》(Lady Windermere’s Fan),童话集《快乐王子童话集》(The Happy Prince and Other Tales)。

六.20世纪的英国文学(English Literature of Twentieth Century)

威廉·勃特勒·叶芝(William Butler Y eats):

爱尔兰诗人、剧作家、散文家,象征主义(Symbolism)诗歌代表人物,1923年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。代表作《肉体的秋天》(The Autumn of the Body),《芦苇中的风》(The Wind Among the Reeds),《驶向拜占庭》(Sailing to Byzantine)。

约翰·高尔斯华绥(John Galsworthy):

杰出的现实主义(realism)小说家,剧作家,1932年诺贝尔文学奖获得者,与H.G.威尔斯(Herbert George W ells)、阿诺德·贝内特(Arnold Bennett)20世纪英国现实主义三杰。代表作《福尔赛世家》(The Forsyte Saga)三部曲(trilogy)包括《有产业的人》(The Man of Property)、《进退维谷》(In Chancery)和《招租出让》(To Let)。

赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯(Herbert George Wells):

被誉为“现代科幻小说”(modern science fiction)的鼻祖。代表作《时间机器》(The Time Machine)。

阿诺德·贝内特(Arnold Bennett):

现实主义小说家。代表作《老妇谭》(The Old Wives’ Tale)。

威廉·萨默赛特·毛姆(William Somerset Maugham):

小说家、戏剧家。《人生的枷锁》(Of Human Bondage),《月亮和六便士》(The Moon and Sixpence),《寻欢作乐》(Cakes and Ale),《刀锋》(The Razor’s Edge)。

亨利·詹姆斯(Henry James):

现代主义小说(modernism)的先驱者,代表作《小说的艺术》(The Art of the Novel),《黛西·密勒》(Daisy Miller)。

凯瑟琳·曼斯菲尔德(Katherine Mansfield):

优秀的短篇小说家。代表作《幸福集》(Bliss and Other Stories)。

戴·赫·劳伦斯(D. H. Lawrence):

劳伦斯的作品达到了英国现实主义文学的巅峰。代表作《儿子与情人》(Sons and Lovers),《虹》(The Rainbow),《恋爱中的女人》(Women in Love),《查泰来夫人的情人》(Lady Chatterley’s Lover)。

詹姆斯·奥古斯丁·艾洛依休斯·乔伊斯(James Augustine Aloysius Joyce):

爱尔兰作家、诗人。代表作《都柏林人》(Dubliners),《一个青年艺术家的画像》(A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man),《芬尼根守灵夜》(Finnegans Wake),《尤利西斯》(Ulysses)。

弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫(Virginia Woolf):

20世纪英国最伟大女作家,也是现代英国文学史上的一位意识流大师。代表作《雅各布的房间》(Jacob’s Room),《达罗卫夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway),《到灯塔去》(To the Lighthouse),《浪》(The Waves)。

艾·摩·福斯特(E. M. Forster):

小说家,代表作《通往印度之路》(A Passage to India)。

乔治·伯纳·萧(George Bernard Shaw):

杰出的现实主义讽刺戏剧家,1925年诺贝尔奖获得者。代表作《鳏夫的房产》(Widower’s Houses),《华伦夫人的职业》(Mrs. Warren’s Profession),《英国佬的另一个岛》(John Bull’s Other Island),《圣女贞德》(Saint Joan),《匹格梅里恩》(Pygmalion),《人与超人》(Man and Superman),《易卜生注意精华》(The Quintessence of Ibsenism)。

约翰·米灵顿·辛格(John Millington Synge):

杰出的戏剧家。代表作《峡谷的阴影》(In the Shadow of the Glen)。

肖恩·奥凯西(Sean O’ Casey):

剧作家,小说家。代表作《枪手的影子》(The Shadow of a Gunman),《朱诺和孔雀》(Juno and the Peacock)。

伊夫林·沃(Evelyn Waugh):

杰出的社会讽刺小说家,代表作《衰亡》(Decline and Fall),《一捧尘土》(A Handful of Dust)。

乔治·奥威尔(George Orwell):

著名的政治小说家,现代散文家。代表作政治讽刺诗《动物庄园》(Animal Farm)。

金斯利·艾米斯(Kingsley Amis):

“愤怒的青年”(angry young men)的代表人物。《幸运儿吉姆》(Lucky Jim)。

艾伦·西利托(Alan Sillitoe):

“愤怒的青年”(angry young men)的另一位作家。代表作《星期六晚上和星期天早上》(Saturday Night and Sunday Morning),《开门的钥匙》(Key to the Door)。

威廉·戈尔丁(William Golding):

被誉为“语言编撰家”,1983年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。《蝇王》(Lord of the Flies),《继承者》(The Inheritors),《平切尔·马丁》(Pincher Martin),《自由坠落》(Free Fall)。

穆丽尔·斯巴克(Muriel Spark):

代表作《安慰者》(The Comforters),《基恩·布劳迪小姐的盛期》(The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie)。

艾里斯·默克多(Iris Murdoch):

英国当代女性小说家,哲学家。代表作《网下》(Under the Net)。

多丽丝·莱辛(Doris Lessing):

极具独创精神的女作家。代表作《金色笔记本》(The Golden Notebook)。

格雷厄姆·格林(Graham Greene):

战后做杰出的作家。作品涉猎范围甚广,包含小说、剧本、游记、儿童读物等等。代表作《喧哗4月》(Babbling April)。

约翰·福尔斯(John Fowles):

60年代杰出的小说家。代表作《法国中尉的女人》(The French Lieutenant’s Woman)。

玛格丽特·徳莱布尔(Margaret Drabble):

小说家,代表作《夏日鸟笼》(A Summer Birdcage)。

约翰·奥斯本(John Osborne):

“愤怒的青年”在戏剧创作领域的领袖。代表作《愤怒的回报》(Look Back in Anger)。

阿诺德·威斯克(Arnold Wesker):

二战后影响力最大的剧作家,同时也是“愤怒的青年”中的一位代表剧作家。代表作《威斯克三部曲》(The Wesker Trilogy)。

约翰·阿登(John Arden):

战后较为激进的剧作家。代表作《穆斯格雷夫中士的舞蹈》(Sergeant Musgrave’s Dance)。

塞缪尔·贝克特(Samuel Beckett):

杰出的剧作家、小说家、诗人,“荒诞派”(absurd drama)戏剧的奠基者,1969年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。代表作《等待戈多》(Waiting for Godot),《残局》(Endgame)。

哈罗德·品特(Harold Pinter):

西方荒诞派(absurd drama)戏剧的代表人物,被誉为是继萧伯纳之后最重要的剧作家。代表作《看管人》(The Caretaker),《送菜直升机》(The Dumb Waiter),《背叛》(Betrayal)。

汤姆·斯托帕德(Tom Stoppard):

杰出的当代英国剧作家。代表作《罗森克兰兹和戈尔登斯死了》(Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead),《莎翁情史》(Shakespeare in Love)。

卡莉尔·丘吉尔(Caryl Churchill):

当代最有才华的女性戏剧家。代表作《拥有者》(Owner)。

托·斯·艾略特(Thomas Stearns Eliot):

被誉为“现代主义诗歌”最高成就的代表,1948年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。代表作《阿尔弗瑞德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》(The Song of J. Alfred Prufrock),《荒原》(The Waste Land),《四个四重奏》(The Four Quartets)。

迪伦·托马斯(Dylan Thomas):

威尔士著名诗人,代表作《黄昏时分面向东方》(Altarwise by Owl-light)。

泰德·休斯(Ted Hughes):

享有世界声誉的当代作家,代表作《雨中之鹰》(The Hawk in the rain)。

威·休·奥登(Wystan Hugh Auden):

杰出的诗人,代表作《看吧,陌生人》(Look, Stranger),《另一次》(Another Time),《暂时》(For the Time Being),《忧郁的时代》(The Age of Anxiety)。

塞·戴·刘易斯(Cecil Day Lewis):

30年代著名的左翼诗人,1968年获“桂冠诗人”称号。代表作《山毛榉守夜和其它诗作》(Beechen Vigil and Other Poems)。

菲利普·拉金(Philip Larkin):

英国50年代放浪漫主义诗歌运动的倡导者,“运动派”(The Movement)诗人的领袖。代表作《最后通牒》(Ultimatum)。

西莫斯·希尼(Seamus Heaney):

北爱尔兰诗人,1995年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。《一个自然主义者之死》(Death of a Naturalist)。

道格拉斯·邓恩(Douglas Eaglesham Dunn):

杰出的诗人、剧作家、文学评论家。代表作《特利大街》(Terry Street)。

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡:英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡,分割英法两国,连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口:是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法:1801年英国议会通过法令,规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语:是盖尔特语言的一种,在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.

英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

Old English Literature 古英语文学 (450-1066年) Beowulf (贝奥武甫)---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学(1066-1500) Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟,c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰,1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴(16-17世纪) William Shakespeare (莎士比亚,1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福,1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ,an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹,1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy (《商第传》). Oliver Goldsmith (哥尔德斯密斯,1728-1774)English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 ),an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a

专业八级英国美国文学知识考点

英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066) 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝:英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪) 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》

《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活;现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人;斯宾塞体诗节; 5、莎士比亚: 长篇叙事诗:《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧:哈姆雷特、尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧(comedy of manners)《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人 9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣 10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期(18世纪) 1、约翰、弥尔顿:《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬:《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿:英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人;

《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏:英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表;英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用;《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷:感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克:天真之歌、经验之歌; 7、罗伯特、斯:格兰最杰出的农民诗人; 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一;《鲁滨逊漂流记》;《铲除非国教徒的捷径》,仪表达自己的不满; 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》;《格列佛游记》;《桶的故事》; 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人;帕米拉;克拉丽莎;查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史; 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人;《约瑟夫。安德鲁》;《汤姆.琼斯》,英国现实主义小说的最高成就; 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩:感伤主义小说的杰出代表,《项狄传》,第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品;《感伤的旅行》

英语专八人文知识考试总结

英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期: 1. Old and Medieval English Literature(中古英国文学)。 2. The Renaissance Period(文艺复兴时期)。 3. The Neoclassical Period(新古典主义时期)。 4. The Romantic Period(维多利亚时期)。 5. The Victorian Period(维多利亚时期)。 6. The Modern Period(现代时期)。 美国文学主要分为四个时期: 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence(独立革命前后的文学)。 2. American Romanticism(美国浪漫主义文学)。 3. American Realism(美国现实主义文学)。 4. American Modernism(美国现代主义文学)。 语言学,考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学,音位学,形态学,句法学,语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况,英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程,但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况,不光包括英国和美国,还有其他一些说英语的地区,包括爱尔兰概况,加拿大概况,澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france

专八人文知识(英国文学)

The old and medieval English literature(8th-14th century ) The renaissance period(14th –mid17th c) The neoclassical period(mid17th -18th c) The romantic period(mid18th -mid19th c) The Victorian period(1836-1901) Modern period(20th - ) 注:【后面的Matp指主要作品】 一.The old and medieval English literature(8th-14th century) 1.The Venerable Bede(A.D673-735) “father of English history”《the essiesiastical history of the English people》《the anglo-sarxon chronic》epic——Beowulf 2.mid11th-mid14th 亚瑟王和圆桌骑士《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,高文爵士和绿衣骑士》 3.Geoffy Chaucer(杰弗利·乔叟,1343-1400)“the father of English poetry” ;“the first one who used London dialect ” in《The Canterbury Tales,坎特伯雷故事集》(1387-1400,a prologue\24 tales,描写14th 英国现状) 二.The renaissance period (14th –mid17th c) 1.Sonnet:contains 14 lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in various patterns 14行5音步抑扬格诗行(ababcdcdefefgg) e.g: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 2.Thomas More(托马斯·莫尔1478-1535) Matp:《Utopia,乌托邦》(in Latin) 3.Francis Bacon(培根1561-1626) “杰出essayist in English history”《the essays》 4.Edmund Spenser(埃德蒙·斯宾赛,1552-1599) “the poet’s poet”;Matp:《The Faerie Queen,仙后》(1579);create “Spencerian Stanza ,斯宾塞诗体”。

专八英国文学考点

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