英语主语和主语从句精简讲解
01英语主语
句子成分概述
S十V主谓结构S十V十F主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
主语
主语指句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，从句等充当。
(一) 词类作主语
1．名词作主语
Tom, uncle, friend, horse, whale, insect, tree, flower, house, idea, light, honesty,British等
The hunter killed the lion. (The city famous for its beauty) is not far away.
2．代词作主语
they, ours, both, everybody, that, some, who, which, few等
I am hungry. Which is the best?
3．数词作主语
three, first, two-thirds, percent, quarter等
(Two-thirds of the students )are boys in our school.
4．the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作主语。
(1) The young should respect the old . (2) The dying and the wounded needed help.
(3) The wounded have been sent to hospital and the lost are being searched for.
(二) 非谓语类作主语
1．不定式作主语(通常用it作形式主语)
(1) To remember to switch off the electricity is important.
(2) It is a pity not to go to the concert with you. (3) It took us five hours to get here.
疑问词+ to 复合结构What to do next hasn't been decided
2．V-ing（动名词）作主语(通常用it作形式主语)
Smoking is bad for your health. Buying clothes cost her a lot of money.
(1) It is no good complaining. (2) It is no use arguing with him.
注意：
(1) It is important learning foreign languages. (误)
(2) It is important to learn foreign languages. (正)
V-ing作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式结构作主语通常表示具体动作。
(1) It's no use crying over spilt milk.
(2) He realized that to go on like this was no use.
(三) 从句类作主语
1．that从句作主语(通常用it作形式主语)
(1) That he will succeed is certain. That he came late made us worried.
(2) It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
[注意] that从句放于句首时，that不能省略。
2．wh-从句作主语注意用陈述语序主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外
What we need is time. What we need are good doctors.
What caused the accident remains unknown.
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
It is not clear who was responsible for the accident.
It is not known when he did it.
It is not important whether you are a male or a female in the job.
3．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who)
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that)
(四) it用作形式主语接从句句型
1. It+be+形容词+that从句。
(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, ) It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
It is probable that he told her everything.
2. It+be+名词词组+that从句。
(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)
It’s a pity that we can’t go. It’s no surpri se that our team should have won the game.
3. It+be+P.P+that从句。
(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
It is v-ed that … (should)…用虚拟语气
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
4.It+seems+that从句。(seem后接that从句或as if从句)。
(look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow, etc.)
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.
It happened that I was out that day.
5.几种特殊的形式主语或固定句型
It+doesn’t matter+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
if it were not for…(若不是因为)，
if it were not for the fact that you are ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
it’s time that…(该…了)等。
It's time that we set about doing our homework.. =It's time that we did our homework.
(五) 误用形式主语的几种情形
I.在该用it作形式主语的地方而误用其他词。
Is ______ necessary to tell his father everything? A
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. he
II.在不该用形式主语的地方而误用形式主语。
______ must be something wrong with the machine. A
A. There
B. It
C. He
D. That
III.比较以下两组句子。
______ is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun. C
______ is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun. A
A. It
B. Which
C. As
D. That
______ is difficult to persuade her to stay. A
______ is difficult is to persuade her to stay. B
A. It
B. What
C. He
D. That
02英语主语从句
主语从句指一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语。
一. That陈述结构在主语从句中
that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。谓语用三人称单数。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
That we need more equipment is quite obvious.
二. Wh疑问结构在主语从句中
主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，谓语用三人称单数。
What，who, which, when, where, why, how, whether等连接词，有疑问含义，充当各种成分。What he said/did was right.
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference.
Where she has gone is not known yet.
Why he did it will remain a puzzle for ever.
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.不能用if. Whether he will join us won't make too much difference.
三. What专项讲解
What he is thinking is unknown.
What he said was reasonable.
What we need is a book/are good doctors.
What he was doing/has done was right.
What we called computer was invented 50 years ago.
What was called computer was invented 50 years ago.
We finally reached what was called wasteland.宾语从句
We finally reached what was wasteland.宾语从句
What seemed like 3 years was indeed 3 days.
It is different from what it used to be.宾语从句
The village was different from what it is now.
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
四. -ever关系结构在主语从句中
whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever,whenever 不含疑问意义，作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who; whichever=anything which;
Whenever=the time when; wherever=the place where。
What he said was right. Whatever he said was right.
You must do whatever is best for you. 宾语从句
Whoever wants it may have it.
Whichever he likes will be given him.
Wherever you are will not affect my love for you.
Whenever you are ready will be fine。
要注意和whatever, whoever引导的状语从句的区别。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）
(＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.)
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （状语从句）
(＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.)
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied.
We must camp wherever we can get water.
Whenever we see him we speak to him.
五. It形式主语构成的主语从句
1. that引导的主语从句，用it作形式主语。当主语从句不太长时，“that”可以省略
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.
It's clear (that) he has done his best.
It's a wonder (that) he didn't fail.
2. wh疑问词引导的主语从句，用it作形式主语。
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
It is not clear who was responsible for the accident.
It is not known when he did it.
It is not important whether you are a male or a female in the job.
3. 常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
(1). It+be+形容词+that从句。
(obvious, true, likely, certain, probable, )
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
It is probable that he told her everything.
I think it is likely that I will arrive tomorrow.
It is obvious that you are wrong.
It is true that there are only a few things that can make me happy right now.
以下这些词后的从句用虚拟语气，为“（should）＋动词原形”：
clear , true, wonderful , possible, necessary, important, impossible, strange, natural, essential, surprising, unthinkable, unbelievable, incredible, good ,wrong ,proper
It is necessary that you (should)master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
It’s clear that they badly need help.
(2). It+be+名词词组+that从句。
(a shame ,no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, 等)
It’s a pity that we can’t go.It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.
(3). It+be+P.P+that从句。
(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
It is v-ed that … (should)…用虚拟语气
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
(4). It+seems+that从句。(seem后接that从句或as if从句)。
(look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow, etc.)
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.
It happened that I was out that day.
(5). 几种特殊的形式主语或固定句型
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
if it were not for…(若不是因为)，= Were it not for…
it’s time that…(该…了)
6. 主语从句和定语从句区别
it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.（主语从句，有that，无逗号）As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （定语从句，无that，有逗号）7. 主语从句与强调句的区别
(1). 在强调句中，可以去掉It was ...that还像个句子。主语从句中不行。
(2). 主语从句引导词：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever
强调句的引导词只有：that, who。
主语从句：
It was strange that he had made a mistake.
It is immaterial where or when he goes. 无关紧要的
It is said/reported that he’s got married.
强调句：
It was she that had been wrong. （强调主语）
It was this novel that they talked about last night. （强调宾语）
It was in London that I first saw her. （强调地点状语）
高中英语语法主语从句 第一节主语从句 1．考点解析。 1．主语从句一般分为三类：由what等代词引导的主语从句；由连词that 引导主语从句，多数情况下由it作形式主语，that从句放到句子后面去；由连接代词或连接副词（或whether）引导的主语从句。 What they are after is beauty. It is not your fault that we can’t arrive on time. When they will arrive has not been decided. 2. 由关系代词what引导的主语从句，也可由whatever（“所…的一切”）或 whoever（“一切…的人”）引导。 Whatever he wants is your support. Whoever comes will be welcome. 3. 大多数主语从句都可用it代替，作形式主语，把主语从句放在句尾。要注意it代替主语从句和it引导的强调句的区别。强调句的结构是it is/was….+that…，强调人是可把that 换做who，whom，whose。如强调的是状语时，也只能用that,而不能用when, where, how, why等。 It was in Paris that they fell in love with each other. It is the lady who was my English teacher. It was last semester that he won the first prize. 2. 试题详解。 1．______ he needs is more experience. A. Who B. That C. What D. How 2.It was because of the heavy snow ______ the train was late. A. why B. that C. so D. thus 3．It doesn’t matter ______ he likes or not. A. whether B. what C. when D. that 4______ he has won the Noble Prize has been proved to be true. A. What B. How C. It D. That 5．What he wants _______ to sleep more. A. are B. have been C. is D. were 6．______ we can begin this investigation is still a question. A. When B. Why C. What D. That 7．It is ______ that the highway will be open to traffic nest year. A. report B. reported C. reporting D. by report 8．______ fails to see this will make a big mistake. A. Whatever B. what C. wherever D. Whoever 9．It is a mystery _____ the prisoner escaped. A. why B. how C. what D. that 10．It was last summer _____ he graduated from the college. A. that B. when C. / D. where 3. 实战演练。 1. We didn’t know ______ she didn’t come. A. why B. that C. when D. it 2. It is still doubtful _______ she would play the part.
主语从句练习题 一．翻译 1．(谁将去接他)_______________________________________________ is not decided. 2．(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)__________________________________ is not clear . 3．(他能否买到飞机票)______________________________________ doesn’t matter much. 4．(我们如何去那里)__________________________________________ is a question. 5．(你刚才告诉我的)_______________________________________ was really a surprise. 6．(他什么时候出国)_______________________________________ is being discussed 7．(他为什么哭)___________________________________________ is not clear. 8．It is clear______________________________________________(他是一个乞丐). 9．(你要请谁)______________________________________________ is not important. 10．(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)____________________________________ is not clear. 二．找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词，并且指出引导词是否充当成分，充当什么成分。 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 3. It is certain that we shall be late. 4. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 5. Is it possible that they will come tomorrow？ 6. It is clear that he was telling the truth. 7. It’s probable that we’ll be a little late. 8. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 9. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 10. It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was. 11. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 12. It’s a pity that you can’t go with us. 13. What he did is not yet known. 14. It is said that he has been there many times. 15. It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident. 16. When they will have the sports meet is still a question. 17. It seems that he has lost something. 18. What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone. 19. What caused the accident was a broken bottle. 20. It remains a problem whether it is true. 21. Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished. 22. What she looks like doesn’t matter.
xx考研英语语法复习主语从句 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。具体形式为：引导词引导一个从句作主语;或者it作形式主语+谓语/系表结构+引导词+从句。 ⑴陈述句充当主语从句，连词为that(that没有实际含义，在从句中只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何语法成分)，从句为"that+陈述句"，that不能省略。 【例句】 That Chris Lee won the champion of Super Girl in xx arouse wide public concern. 李宇春赢得xx年超女冠军这件事引起了社会的广泛关注。 ⑵一般疑问句充当主语从句，连词为whether(whether"是否"的含义，在从句中只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何语法成分)，从句为"whether+陈述句语序"，whether不能省略。 【例句】 Whether this is true or not remains a mystery. 这是对是错还是个谜。 ⑶特殊疑问句充当主语从句，连词为特殊疑问词(特殊疑问词都有自己的含义，在从句中作一定的语法成分)，从句为"特殊疑问词+陈述句语序"，特殊疑问词不能省略。 【例句】 例1 --what
What caused the aident remains unknown. 是什么引起了这一事故仍然。 例2--where Where my wife and I should enjoy our honeymoon is still unsettled. 我太太和我应该去哪享受我们的蜜月还没有最后决定。 例3 --which Which university I should choose to continue my further education is a question of great importance. 我应该考哪个大学的研究生是个很重要的问题。 例4--when When and where the test will be given is not yet decided. 什么时候在什么地方进行考试还没定下来。 例5---ever Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do. 任何得到这份工作的人都将要有很多工作要做。 例6--how How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. 我们怎样才能保护粮食不受潮需要讨论讨论。 3.It句型
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以下是一些基本的从句知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例：The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 格先行词主格宾格所有格 人who whom whose 物which which whose 、of which 人、物that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和whose的用法 1）who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。2）whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式 英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） 3）whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad.
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
英语语法: 英语从句完全汇总 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不
主语从句详解 一、概述 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句.根据它们在句中的语法作用, 这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句. 二、主语从句主要有四类 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省. 例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle. （2）用连词whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省. 注意：引导主语从句, 不能用if, 只能用whether. 例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matt er too much. （3）用连接代词引导的主语从句 在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中, 其连接代词在句中起名词性作用, 担当一定成分. 例如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people. 注：whatever / whoever的功用 whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义.它引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等. whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who.要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别. Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句） （＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句） （＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ） （4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语.) 例如:Where we should leave it is a problem. When they will come hasn’t been made pubic. 三、注意点: it构成的主语从句 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句, 在多数情况下放到句子的后面, 而用代词it作形式主语. 例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all. =It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解 小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) 1.引导词 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。 Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there. (2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。 Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography. I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . I’m not sure whether he will come or not. 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I can?t say whether or not he will come on time c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay. (3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。 特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. E.g. …What do you want?? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I don?t know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 2.宾语从句时态 a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制 eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? I?m sorry to hear that your father is ill. She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态 She didn?t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）
考研英语主语从句翻译方法 一、关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其他成分 它们一般是译在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。这样的词有关联词what, which, how, why, where, who, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever及从属连词that, whether, if.如：What we now will describe is how the magnetic nature of iron oxide can uniquely be exploited as a separation process utilizing a magnetic filtration system. 参考译文：现在我们所要介绍的是如何奇特地利用氧化铁的磁性而提出一种使用磁力过滤系统的分离法。 分析：其中关联词可译为：...所。 二、it+谓语+that(whether)引导的从句 如果先译主句，可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句。如果先译从句，便可以在主句前加译"这"。如： It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards. 参考译文：可以看出，这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗选将不能降低到完全接近标准规定的水平。 It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 分析：有时为了使译文成分完整，可以补充上泛指的主语（如人们...、大家...）。 参考译文：物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。类似的结构还有：it is (universally) known that...大家都知道...it is believed that...人们都相信...
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。今天我们就来重点讲一下其中的主语从句。 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。它的具体表现形式是：引导词引导一个从句作主语；或者it作形式主语+谓语/系表结构+引导词+从句。 【例1】that That Chris Lee won the champion of Super Girl in 2005 arouse wide public concern.李宇春赢得2005年超女冠军这件事引起了社会的广泛关注。 【例2】what What caused the accident remains unknown.是什么引起了这一事故仍然未知。 【例3】where Where my wife and I should choose to continue my further education is a question of great importance.我太太和我应该去哪享受我们的蜜月还没有最后决定。 【例4】which Which university I should choose to continue my further education is a question of great importance.我应该考哪个大学的研究生是个很重要的问题。 【例5】when When and where the test will be given is not yet decided.什么时候在什么地方进行考试还没定下来。 【例6】-ever Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.任何得到这份工作的人都将要有很多工作要做。 【例7】how How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.我们怎样才能保护粮食不受潮需要讨论。 【例8】whether Whether this is true or not remains a mystery.这是对是错还是个谜。 It句型 有的时候主语从句过长，根据人类短暂记忆规律，主语过长会影响理解和阅读，往往会用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句尾，加以强调，是为it句型。 【例】 It is a pity that we won’t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.我们不能去南方度过我们的暑假很遗憾。 为表示强调，常以形式主语it引导从句。It+谓语+引导词+从句。由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式，形式主语代表真正的主语，因此要用it。因此形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语均为第三人称单数形式或过去式。 英国桂冠诗人约翰·梅斯菲尔德说：“快乐的日子使人睿智。”很多考生可能觉得这句话应该反过来说，但其实复习过一段时间以后，面对着越来越复杂的难题，你就会发现，保持快乐的心态，复习效率自然而然就会提高。
初中英语语法状语从句讲解专项练习选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。 spends a lot of money on books______he is not rich. fell into sleep ______she was listening to the music. David at school today ----No. He is at home ______he has a bad cold. , won't have supper ______my mother comes back. to him slowly ______he may understand you better. 6. ______ she doesn't come on Sunday, I'll go fishing by myself. is four years ______I had left that small village. 8. ______the air moves, it is called wind. will go to the park ______it doesn't rain tomorrow. boys did ______much work. are few new words in the passage ______we can't understand it. ? back ______you come from. reached the station ______the train had left. you have a swimming pool ----No, we don't. At least, not ______big ______yours. me your paper ______you have finished it. is raining hard, ______we have to stay at home. 17. ______you work harder, you'll never pass the final exam. after the children ______I am out. ' village is ______far away ______I can't get there on foot. is ______an interesting book ______I can't stop reading it. 能力提高练习 1 ( ) 1 The meeting didn't start___ everyone was there. A. because B. until C. why D. if ( ) 2 The boy ___ to bed ___ his mother came in. A. went not; until B. didn't go; after C. went; until D. didn't go; until ( ) 3 I won't believe you___ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when ( ) 4 He ___ home ___ she was satisfied ___ his answer yesterday. A. didn't go; until; with B. wasn't go; after; to C. doesn't go; before; with D. didn't go; until; to ( ) 5 He ___ back until the work ___ done. A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is ( ) 6 They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if 2 ( ) 1 Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to ( ) 2 I'm sure he'll come to see me before he ___ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves ( ) 3 I will tell him the news as soon as he___ back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 3 ( ) 1 Tom has got a watch. He ___ it for two years. It _______ by his father. A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought , C. was bought; has bought . D. has had; was bought "' ( ) 2 When he got to the station, the train ___. A. left B. had left C. leaves D. has left
（精华版）初中英语语法基本从句汇总从句的共同特点 从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。 从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。 从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语He在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher?主语He在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。) 1宾语从句 宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up. 宾语从句的特点： ①宾语从句有自己的连接词 ②宾语从句用陈述语序 ③宾语从句的时态 1
①宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。 ②宾语从句的语序; A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后),如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him. ③宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现” A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时) B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。 如：He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时) C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。 如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth. 2状语从句 2