人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理及练习
adj.官方的；正式的；公务的
. There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进行正式调查。
【拓展】official 或officer两者都有官员的意思，但是所指不同。
official常指政府官员或行政官员officer常指身特定制服的官员，如军官或者警官等。
【练习】My father is an________ in the army, while his father is an________ in the government.
2. voyage n.航行；航海；航天
辨析：voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour
1) voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行make a voyage 进行一次航行
. Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942.
2) journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行，距离较远，多指陆地
. They will make a journey to Beijing by train.
3) travel: 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游. We had six days’ travel by car.
4) trip: (短途)旅行. The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall.
5) tour:为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行
. We will make a tour of Hainan next week.
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow.
2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months.
3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend.
4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle.
3. because of 因为；由于
. They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。
[短语归纳] because of 是复合介词。because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。[练习] He came late to school again _______ he got up too late.
The girl cried __________ what the teacher said.
We have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather.
because of的近义词组因为；由于
as a result of 由于…的原因
by reason of 因为
due to 因为，由于
归功于…
Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多亏了他的帮助，我按时完后了任务。
I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天气原因我只能呆在家里。
4. native adj. 本国的；本土的n.本地人，本国人
. Finally, she returned to her native land.
The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。
【注意】native 做形容词用时，只能做前置定语。
be native to 意为（动植物）是…特有的，原产于…. The tiger is native to India. up走近；上来；提出
. The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. [短语归纳] come across邂逅偶遇come about发生
come at向…扑来,攻击come from 来自
come out 出版;开花；结果是come up with想出
come true实现come down下来；传承
[练习] 用come构成的词组填空。
1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him.
2). The magazine __________ once a month.
3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday.
4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy.
5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning.
6. actually adv. 实际上；事实上（=in fact/ as a matter of fact）
. He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.
【其他】actually adv.居然；竟然
. He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然指望我给他付票钱。actual adj. 实在的；实际的. What were his actual words? 他到底怎么说的？
7. base vt. 以…为基础
base sth on sth 以某事物为另一事物的根据或基础be based on 以…为基础
. One should always base one’s opinions on facts.
The story is based on facts.
n.基础；基地；an air base 空军基地
8. at present现在，目前
present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送
. The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.
I am afraid I can’t help you at present.
[重点用法] at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在
be present at 出席；到场(反义:be absent from)
present sb. with sth. = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
【注意】present作为adj.“现在的；当前的”讲时，常做前置定语；而做“出席的，到场的”讲时，常做后置定语。
. He doesn’t know how to deal with the present problem.
The people present at the meeting are advanced workers.
9. gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
. Things gradually improved. 情况已经渐渐地改善。
This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother.
10. especially/ specially
especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要
specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事
【练习】1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring.
2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help.
11. make use of利用；使用
[短语归纳] use前可加形容词，表示不同程度的利用。
make good use of 好好利用
make full use of 充分利用
make the best/most of 充分利用
use up 用尽，耗尽
. You are not making the best (use) of your talents.
12. latter adj. 较后的；后半的；后者的
. She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life.
【注意】the latter (已提到的两者中的)后者，通常与the former(前者)相对应They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favor the latter. 13. such as例如；像这种的
辨析：such as/for example/that is/and so on
(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用that is或namely。
(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。
(3)that is 相当于namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。
(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on 进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。
【练习】
(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________，Chinese, maths, English and P．E.
(2)Overcooking(烹饪过度), ____________，destroys many nutrients(营养素).
(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.
(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.
14. frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的
. His visit became less frequent as time passed.
frequently adv. 常常；频繁地
Buses run frequently from the city to the airport. 公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。n.使用；用法；词语惯用法
. It’s not a word in common usage.这不是一个常用词。
【辨析】use和usage 作为名词，两者都有“使用”之意，但是用法略有不同。usage做“用法”讲的时候，侧重某物的使用方法或惯用法，做“使用，利用”的时候，侧重于事物的使用频率。
use做名词用时，意为“用，使用，得到利用”，强调的是某物“被使用的事实或状态”。
current English usage 当代英语惯用法land usage 土地的利用
I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time. 我不能肯定我的时间这样安排是最有价值的。
【例题】I don’t know the _____ of the word.
The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in _____ today.
16. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握
[重点用法] command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制
in command of 控制…
be at one’s command 听任某人支配
have / take command of…指挥…
[特别提醒] command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气should(not)+动词原形，should
可省略. The general commanded that we (should) attack at once.
[练习] 用适当的介词填空
1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.
2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command.
3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.
17. request n.& v. 请求；要求
[重点用法] at the request of sb. = at one’s request 按照某人的要求/请求
in request 有需求，受欢迎
by request 依照请求，应邀
request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事(被动形式：sb be requested to do sth) request that sb. (should) do 要求某人做某事
request做动词，如后接从句作宾语，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分要用should(not)+动词原形，should可省略
. She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision until the next meeting. 【扩展】像request /command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有：
一个“坚持(insist)”；两个“命令(order，command)”；三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；
【练习】：He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation.
He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation.
The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports.
n.词语；表达；表示；表情
. He looked at me without expression. 他毫无表情地看着我。
Do you know that expression? 你知道这个表达吗？
a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
. She plays an active part in local politics.
She played a major part in the success of the scheme.
[短语归纳] take part (in sth)参加, 参与（某事物）
the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半
the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）
for my part就我来说
20. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
[重点用法] recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物
be recognize…as sth 被承认某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承认…是
recognize +宾语从句意识到；承认
. I recognized her by her red hat.
Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.
【辨析】recognize/realize/know
(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。
(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。
(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解。
【练习】
(1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health.
(2)I've ________________ Tom for years.
(3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room
21. straight adj.笔直的；正直的adv. 直接；挺直
. This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。
She went straight from school to university.
22. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块
. He lives three blocks away from here.
A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits.
[重点用法] a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁；封闭block up 堵塞；阻碍
语法讲解引语的概念
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。直接引语通常都用引号括起来。
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
She said, “I like singing. ”She said she liked singing
She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”She said she was waiting for a bus.
总结：直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
She asked, “Have you seen the film?”She asked me whether\if I had
seen the film.
She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”She asked us where we were
going to get off.
总结：直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。
练习
asked ____ for the violin.
A Did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
3. Can you tell me ____?
A. how good is his spoken English
B. how well his spoken English is
C. how well he speaks English
D. how good he can speak English
4. He said that he had bought the jacket____.
A .before three days B. three days before C. three days ago D. last week
5. Did you say_____?
A. that what he said was true
B. that it was true that he said
C. what did he say was true
D. what he said it was true
6. Please tell me ____ from.
A .where do you come B. where you come
C. where you will come
D. there you come
7. Ask her ____ come with us.
A if she will B. if or not she will C. that if she will D. whether will she
8. The driver said that he ____ pick ____ a passenger at west street.
A will, up B. would, up C. will, out D. would, out
9. He said he ___ in 1993.
A .has born B. had been born C. had born D. was born
10. John ___ me he was going to help me with my English.
A. explained
B. spoke
C. told
D. said
单元小测
课文单词填空
At the end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from England. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people__1___ (speak) English may be in China. A lot of Chinese people speak English__2___ their foreign language. ___3___English language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries. Old English sound more __4___less like German for it was __5__on German, but modern English sounds more like French than German __6___England was once ruled by the French. Two people had great effects on the English changes. One was Shakespeare, who ___7_____(large) the English _____8_____(词汇), the other was Noah Webster, ___9_____wrote a dictionary __10_____gave American English its own identity.
单词拼写
1)．A lot of students p_______________ at the meeting took part in the discussion.
2)．The tall tree was struck by l___________ and broke.
3)．The robber was caught when he was filling his car with p__________ at the filling
station.
4)．Go up in an e_______________ to the fifth floor.
5)．He looked calm, but a__________ he was very nervous
6)．In the word “happy”the _________(重音) is on the first syllable.
7)．He has a poor _________________(词汇), so he can't express himself correctly.
8)．The gentlemen disclosed their own __________(身份)．
9)．Anyone who wants to learn English well must remember the ___________(惯用法) of English.
10)．Though he is not a ___________(本国的) English speaker, he can speak English very fluently.
单项选择
1．(2009·安徽卷)－Do you think it’s a good idea to make friends with your students? －______，I do. I think it’s a great idea.
A．Really B．Obviously C．Actually D．Generally
2．His uncle made a film ______ his story in his childhood.
A．based on B．was based on C．basing on D．to base on 3．(2010·山东潍坊质量监测)It could be judged from her eyes ______ she was very satisfied with her performance.
A．what B．which C．that D．where
4．The money collected should be made good use ______ the people in Sichuan Province who suffered a lot in the earthquake.
A．of helping B．to help C．to helping D．of to help
5．During the flight to the Moon, Chang’e I Satellite ______ adjusts her direction so that she can go into her programmed orbit and then circle around it at the most appropriate angle(角度)．
A．eventually B．gradually C．constantly D．continuously
6．I’m Chinese and I do feel ______ Chinese language is ______ most beautiful language. What’s your opinion?
A．the; a B．/; the C．the; / D．/; a
7．______ as a serious problem at present, it has drawn a lot of people’s attention. A．Recognize B．Recognized C．Being recognized D．Having recognized 8．The army received a command that they ______ to the front immediately. A．would march B．must march C．should march D．were marching 9．The newly－founded chess club formally ______ us to attend the opening ceremony.
A．requested B．required C．demanded D．commanded 10．(2009·江西一模)Films, ______ the one you told me about yesterday or the one that will be on, ______ not worth seeing.
A．including; is B．as well as; are C．besides; is D．such as; are 11．The part that China ______in the international affairs ______ in the international society.
A．plays; is widely praised B．plays; is wide praised C．takes; widely praised D．takes; wide praised
12．______，a sleepy driver killed twenty－two students and teachers in a traffic accident in Shanxi Province.
A．What's more B．After all C．Believe it or not D．More or less 13．Many students make great progress in listening ______ the large amount of time devoted to it.
A．because of B．instead of C．in case of D．in spite of
14．—Oh, it's you! I ______ you. —I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.
A．didn't recognize B．didn't know C．haven't recognized D．haven't known 15．He won't change his mind ______ you go and try to persuade him yourself. A．since B．until C．as if D．even if
完形填空
For the past weeks, Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea (ROK), had been swept with anger. Tens of thousands of people 21 by candlelight with banners，saying "Mad cow drives us mad.”About 1000,000 people filled the streets to 22 the government's beef import from the United States. Several countries had 23 imports from America following a case of mad cow disease in 2003. But in April the ROK's government agreed to continue the 24 . The protests soon grew into a 25 one against President Lee Myung-bak's polices on everything from democracy to 26 reform. Last December when Lee won the election he was thought by people in the country as a(n) 27 leader who could save the ROK from 28 economic growth and cold ties with the United States. Since taking office, Lee opened doors for foreign companies, and reformed the teaching of English. He also became the first leader to be invited to the US presidential retreat of Camp David. The night before his visit, he agreed to lift the ban on American beef to show his eagerness to 29 ties. But this time, his people felt he had gone too far. "What he did was little different from an old Korean king offering tribute to a Chinese emperor,' said Kim Spooky, who joined the protest with her two children. "It's 30 .
21. A. fought B. marched C. celebrated D. sang
22. A. protect B. support C. protest D. defend
23. A. stopped B. continued C. restricted D. controlled
24. A. exportation B. production C. importation D. sale
25. A. fiercer B. broader C. narrower D. stronger
26. A. laws B. customs C. trade D. education
27. A. wise B. violent C. cruel D. aggressive
28. A. steady B. proper C. healthy D. low
29. A. destroy B. rebuild C. break D. value
30. A. persuasive B. controversial C. ashamed D. impressive
语法填空
In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 31 spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation.
32 , we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success 33 language learning. 34 good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and 36 meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. 37 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of38 (advise) for those 39 are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practice speaking and 40 (write) the language whenever we can.