材料、型钢及填料（中英文对照表一）
材料、型钢及填料（中英文对照）
材料、型钢及填料
3.1 金属材料
3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal
碳素钢carbon steel (CS)
低碳钢low-carbon steel
中碳钢medium-carbon steel
高碳钢high-carbon steel
普通碳素钢general carbon steel
优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel
普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel 合金结构钢structural alloy steel
合金钢alloy steel
低合金钢low alloy steel
中合金钢medium alloy steel
高合金钢high alloy steel
耐热钢heat resisting steel
高强度钢high strength steel
复合钢clad steel
工具钢tool steel
弹簧钢spring steel
钼钢molybdenum steel
镍钢nickel steel
铬钢chromium steel
铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel
铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel, chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)
奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel
马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel
司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite
耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy
铬镍铁合金inconel
耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy
20合金20 alloy
平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel
镇静钢killed steel
半镇静钢semi-killed steel
沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢forged steel
铸钢cast steel
铸铁cast iron (C.I.)
灰铸铁grey cast iron
可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)
球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron
熟铁.锻铁wrought iron
铸件casting
高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron
3.1.2 镀层及制造方法
渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel
镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated
镀层plating
锻造，型钢swage
锻造的，锻造forging
轧制rolling
热轧hot rolling
冷轧cold rolling
挤压extruding
冷加工cold working
热加工hot working
拔制drawing
3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal 铝aluminum
铜，紫铜copper
黄铜brass
青铜bronze
铝青铜aluminum bronze
磷青铜phosphor bronze
铝镁合金aluminum magnesium 锰青铜manganese bronze
蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel 镍铜台金nickel copper alloy
非铁合金nonferrous alloy
钛titanium
铅lead
硬铅hard lead
3.1.4 材料性能
极限强度ultimate strength
抗拉强度tensile strength
屈服极限yield limit
屈服点yield point
延伸率percentage elongation
抗压强度compressive strength
抗弯强度bending strength
弹性极限elastic limit
冲击值impact value
疲劳极限fatigue limit
蠕变极限creep limit
持久极限endurance limit
布氏硬度Brinell hardness
洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness
维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength
断面收缩率reduction of area
韧性toughness
脆性brittleness
延性ductility
冷脆cold shortness
冷流cold flow
3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material
塑料plastic
丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)
聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)
聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)
聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)
聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)
聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)
氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)
聚酰胺polyamide (PA)
聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)
氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)
聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
缩醛塑料acetal plastic
尼龙塑料nylon plastic
聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)
石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics
聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics
热塑性塑料thermoplastic
热固性塑料thermosetting plastics
胶粘剂adhesive
溶剂胶接剂solvent cement
树脂resin
环氧树脂epoxy. epoxy resin
聚酯树脂polyester resin
聚酯纤维polyester fibers
氟塑料fluoroplastics
聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane
丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin
脲醛树脂urea resin
呋哺树脂furan resin
乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶synthetic rubber
橡胶rubber
丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber
氯丁橡胶neoprene
天然橡胶natural rubber
乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)
玻璃glass
硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass
耐火砖fire brick
陶瓷ceramic
搪瓷porcelain enamel
木材wood
3.3 型材
型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage
角钢angle steel
槽钢channel
工字钢I-beam
宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beam
T型钢T-bar
方钢square bar
扁钢flat bar
角钢hexagonal steel bar
圆钢round steel. rod
钢带strap steel
钢板plate
网纹钢板checkered plate
腹板（指型钢的立板）web
翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing
3.4 填料及填料函
填料packing
石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．
O形环O-ring
自密封self-sealing
四氟带Teflon tap
带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos
浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing
金属填料metallic stuffing
填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box
填料函压盖stuffing box gland
设备布置及管道布置（中英文对照）
设备布置及管道布置
Plot Plan and Piping Layout, Equipment and Piping Arrangement 5.1 设备名称Equipment Name
5.1.1 容器Vessel
(1) 塔tower, column
洗涤塔scrubber
吸收塔absorber
冷却塔cooling tower
精馏塔fractionating tower
蒸馏塔distillation tower
再生塔regenering tower
造粒塔prilling tower
汽提塔stripper
脱气塔Degassing tower--degasifier
合成塔synthesis tower
(2) 反应器reactor
聚台釜polymerizer
转化器，变换器converter
脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor
甲烷化器methanator--Methanation
(3) 气柜gas-holder
螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder
湿式气柜wet gas-holder
干式气柜dry gas-holder (4) 槽罐
贮罐tank; storage tank
缓冲罐knock out drum
球罐spheroid, spherical tank 罐drum
接受槽receiver
计量槽measuring tank
加料槽feed tank
排污罐blow down tank
闪蒸罐flash drum
汽包steam drum
溶液贮槽solution storage tank 地下槽slop tank
(5) 其它设备
分离器separator
旋风分离器cyclone
分子筛molecular sieve
脱氧器deaerator
搅拌器agitator
干燥器dryer
混合器mixer
萃取器extractor
结晶器crystallizer
澄清器gravity settler
净化器purifier
气化器vaporizer
吸附器adsorber
融解槽melter
减温器desuperheater
升压器booster
喷射器ejector
喷头sprayer
火炬flare
消声器silencer
(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器
换热器heat exchanger
空冷器air cooler
水冷却器water cooler
冷凝器condenser
螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator
再沸器reboiler
急冷器quencher
深冷器chiller
预热器preheater
再热器reheater
加热器heater
电加热器electric heater
过热器super heater
给水加热器feed water heater
中间冷却器inter cooler
后冷却器after cooler
5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉
炉子furnace
烧嘴burner
锅炉boiler
烟囱stack
废热锅炉waste heat boiler
辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler
省煤器economizer
回热炉direct-fired heater
辐射段radiant section
对流段convection section
裂化炉reformer
焚烧炉incinerator
回转窑rotary kiln
炉管furnace tube
吹灰器soot blower
观察孔observation door, peep door
防爆门explosion door
5.2 辅助用房名称
5.2.1 生产用房
分析室analyzer room
变压器室transformer room
配电室，变电所substation, switch room
蓄电池室battery room
控制室control room
通风室ventilating room
贮藏室storage room
维修间maintenance room
办公室office
5.2.2 生活用房
更农室locker room
盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet
5.3 图名
管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)
管道布置piping layout
轴测图isometric drawing
分区索引图key plan
初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)
内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）internal approval plot p lan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)
确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)
研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)
设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)
施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)
5.4 厂房、站、单元
压缩机房compressor house (room)
泵房pump house (room)
洗眼站eye washer station
泡沫站foam station
软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station
成套设备package unit
设施facilities
罐区tank yard
空分装置air separation facility
5.5 设备布置
设备位号equipment item number
工厂plant
工厂区界plant limit
项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)
项目区界battery limit (BL)
区界area limit
区域边界zone limit
界外off site
东east (E)
西west (W)
南south (S)
北north (N)
上up
下down
工厂北向plant north
真实北向true north
道路road
小过道cat walk, cat way
走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑（井）sump pit
集水池catch basin
沟槽through
预留区trough
场地future area
铺砌区paving area
非铺砌区unpaved area
碎石铺面gravel paving
橡皮铺面rubber paving
面积，区域area
体积，容积volume (VOL)
5.6 管道布置
管道设计piping design
管道研究piping study
走向研究routing study
重要管道critical piping
地上管道above ground piping
地下管道under ground piping
管网network of pipes
管廊pipe rack
管沟piping trench
管间距line spacing
管道跨距line span
总管header, manifold
旁路by pass
排液drain
放空vent
上升管，垂直管riser
导管conduit
裸管bare line
管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)
管段，接口spool piece, spool
取样接口sampling connection
集液包drip leg
伴热管tracing pipe
蒸汽伴热steam tracing
热水伴热hot-water tracing
电伴热electrical tracing
夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed
平面plan
详图detail
视图X view “X”
剖视A-A section “A-A”
连接图hook up drawing
接续图continue on drawing (COD)
接续线match line (M.L.)
比例scale
图例legend
符号symbol
管口表list of nozzles
方位orientation
管口方位nozzle orientation
定位location
相交intersection
水平的horizontal
垂直的，立式的vertical
垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular
平行，平行的parallel
水平安装horizontal installation
垂直安装vertical installation
对称的symmetric
相反（的），对面（的）opposite
顺时针方向clock wise
逆时针方向counter clock wise
计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD)
5.7 图面标注
绝对标高absolute elevation
海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL) 标高，立面elevation (EL)
混凝土顶面top of concrete
架顶面top of support (TOS)
钢结构顶面top of steel
梁项面top of beam (TOB)
支撑点point of support (POS)
管顶top of pipe (TOP)
管底bottom of pipe (BOP)
沟底bottom of trench
管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平flat on bottom (FOB)
顶平flat on top (FOT)
工作点working point (W.P.)
面至面face to face (F-F)
中心至端面center to end (C-E)
中心至面center to face (C-F)
中心至中心.中至中center to center (C-C) 坐标coordinate
坐标原点origin of coordinate
出口中心线center line of discharge
入口中心线center line of suction
中心线centerline (CL)
入口inlet, suction
出口outlet, discharge
排出口exhaust
距离distance
5.8 相关专业的专业词汇
5.8.1 工艺
(1) 图及表
流程图flow diagram
工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)
管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument flow diagram (PID) 公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD)
管线表line list; line schedule
命名表；管道表nomenclature
设备表equipment list (schedule)
(2) 流体fluid
空气air
仪表空气instrument air
工艺空气process air
低压蒸汽low pressure steam
中压蒸汽medium pressure steam
高压蒸汽high pressure steam
伴热蒸汽tracing steam
饱和蒸汽saturated steam
过热蒸汽superheated steam
氧气oxygen
氢气hydrogen
氮气nitrogen
燃料气fuel gas
天然气natural gas
火炬气flare gas
酸性气sour gas
液化石油气liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
氨气ammonia gas
冷却水cooling
循环水circulating water
锅炉给水boiler feed water
热水hot water
蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate 盐水brine
工艺水process water
化学污水chemical sewage
防腐剂corrosion inhibitor
重油heavy oil
石脑油naphtha
燃料油fuel oil
润滑油lubricating oil
密封油sealing oil
冷冻剂refrigerant
载热体heating medium
溶剂solvent
溶液solution
母液mother liquor
单体monomer
聚合物polymer
均聚物hotopolymer
共聚物copolymer
工艺液体process liquid
工艺气体process gas
硫酸sulphuric acid
盐酸chlorhydric acid
硝酸nitric acid
烧碱caustic soda
(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics 蒸汽压vapor pressure
临界温度critical temperature
临界点critical point
临界压力critical pressure
比热specific heat
湿度humidity
密度density
比重specific gravity
粘度viscosity
闪点flash point
融点melting point
凝固点freezing point
浓度concentration
爆炸极限limit of explosion
有毒的toxic
可燃的；易燃的flammable
(4) 其它
回收recovery
再生regeneration
循环circulation
再循环；再生recycle
补充make-up
制备preparation
蒸汽吹扫steaming out
吹扫purge
抽空；排空evacuation
吹出blow-off
排污blow down
破真空vacuum breaker
大气腿barometric leg
备用stand-by
化学清洗chemical cleaning
净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed
成品product
污染contamination
大气污染atmospheric pollution
环境温度ambient temperature
5.8.2 建筑、结构
建筑物building
钢结构steel structure
已有钢结构existing steel structure
钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction 楼面floor
平台platform (PF)
地面ground level
栏杆handrail
楼梯stair. stair way
直梯ladder
柱column; post; stanchion
基础foundation; footing
粱beam
斜撑；支撑bracing
桁架；主粱girder
构件member
隔墙partition wall
墙wall
篦子板grate; grating
吊装孔erection opening
吊梁hoisting beam
棚shelter
窗window
天窗skylight
门door
防火门fire door
地漏floor drain
防火层fire-proofing
总图general plot plan
路肩shoulder
桩pile
灌浆grouting
风荷载wind load
雪荷载snow load
动力荷载dynamic load
静荷载dead load
活荷载live load
风速wind velocity
主导风向most frequent wind direction
5.8.3 仪表
盘（操作盘）panel
就地盘local panel
仪表盘instrument panel
常开normally open
常闭normally closed
电缆槽（架）cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架）instrument cable tray (duct)
常用原材料英文缩写与中文名称对照表A 英文缩写全称 A/MMA 丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 AA 丙烯酸 AAS 丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物 ABFN 偶氮(二)甲酰胺 ABN 偶氮(二)异丁腈 ABPS 壬基苯氧基丙烷磺酸钠 B 英文缩写全称 BAA 正丁醛苯胺缩合物 BAC 碱式氯化铝 BACN 新型阻燃剂 BAD 双水杨酸双酚A酯 BAL 2，3-巯(基)丙醇 BBP 邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯 BBS N-叔丁基-乙-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺 BC 叶酸 BCD β－环糊精 BCG 苯顺二醇 BCNU 氯化亚硝脲 BD 丁二烯 BE 丙烯酸乳胶外墙涂料 BEE 苯偶姻乙醚 BFRM 硼纤维增强塑料 BG 丁二醇 BGE 反应性稀释剂 BHA 特丁基-4羟基茴香醚 BHT 二丁基羟基甲苯 BL 丁内酯 BLE 丙酮-二苯胺高温缩合物 BLP 粉末涂料流平剂 BMA 甲基丙烯酸丁酯 BMC 团状模塑料 BMU 氨基树脂皮革鞣剂
BN 氮化硼 BNE 新型环氧树脂 BNS β－萘磺酸甲醛低缩合物 BOA 己二酸辛苄酯 BOP 邻苯二甲酰丁辛酯 BOPP 双轴向聚丙烯 BP 苯甲醇 BPA 双酚A BPBG 邻苯二甲酸丁(乙醇酸乙酯)酯 BPF 双酚F BPMC 2-仲丁基苯基-N-甲基氨基酸酯 BPO 过氧化苯甲酰 BPP 过氧化特戊酸特丁酯 BPPD 过氧化二碳酸二苯氧化酯 BPS 4，4’-硫代双(6-特丁基-3-甲基苯酚) BPTP 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯 BR 丁二烯橡胶 BRN 青红光硫化黑 BROC 二溴(代)甲酚环氧丙基醚 BS 丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物 BS-1S 新型密封胶 BSH 苯磺酰肼 BSU N，N’-双(三甲基硅烷)脲 BT 聚丁烯-1热塑性塑料 BTA 苯并三唑 BTX 苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物 BX 渗透剂 BXA 己二酸二丁基二甘酯 BZ 二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌 C 英文缩写全称 CA 醋酸纤维素 CAB 醋酸-丁酸纤维素 CAN 醋酸-硝酸纤维素 CAP 醋酸-丙酸纤维素 CBA 化学发泡剂
建筑材料供应合同（中英文） 建筑材料供应合同（中英文） CONTRACT OF PURCHASE BUILDING MATERIAL 买方 Buyer (以下简称“买方”hereinafter, the “Buyer”)地址 Address : 电话 Tel : 传真 Fax : 卖方 Seller : 地址 Address : 电话 Tel : 传真 Fax :
本合同经买、卖双方友好协商后在年月日签订。根据本合同签订的条款，买方同意向卖方购买、卖方同意向买方提供下列轻钢结构系统建筑材料一套（以下简称“钢结构”）： This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and Seller on ___________, 1997 after friendly negotiations. The Buyer hereby agrees to purchase from the Seller, and the Seller hereby agrees to sell to the Buyer, the following set of metal building system (hereinafter, the “Metal Building System”) on the terms and conditions set forth in this Contract: 第一条项目名称Article 1. Name of Project 1.1 本项目名称为：The name of this project is: 1.2 本项目位于（以下简称“工地现场”）。 This project is located at (hereinafter, “the Site”). 第二条卖方供货范围Article 2. Scope of Supply from Seller 2.1 在提供钢结构时，卖方应负责： In supplying the Metal Building System, the Seller shall be responsible for: 2.1.1 设计并制造供应本项目地面以上的全部钢结构（详见附件一）；及 the design and manufacture of this project’s entire above-ground structure (see Attachment 1 for details); and 2.1.2 所提供钢结构部件及材料的□必要包装□运输□运输的保险。
色彩常用术语中英文对照 2007-08-06 16:48:16 (已经被浏览7次) 一.红色类红色red 朱红vermeil; vermilion; ponceau 粉红pink; soft red; rose bloom 梅红plum;crimson;fuchsia red 玫瑰红rose madder; rose 桃红peach blossom; peach; carmine rose 樱桃红cherry; cerise 桔红reddish orange; tangerine; jacinth; salmon pink; salmon 石榴红garnet 枣红purplish red; jujube red; date red 莲红lotus red 浅莲红fuchsia pink 豉豆红bean red 辣椒红capsicum red 高粱红Kaoliang red 芙蓉红hibiscus red; poppy red; poppy 胭脂红rogue red ; carmine; cochineal; lake 鲑鱼红salmon 玳瑁红hawksbill turtle red 海螺红cadmium orange 宝石红ruby red 玛瑙红agate red 珊瑚红coral 金红bronze red 铁红iron oxide red 铁锈红rust red 镉红cadmium red 铬红chrome red 砖红brick red 土红laterite; reddle 郎窑红lang-kiln red 均红Jun-kiln red 釉底红underglaze red 威尼斯红Venetian red 法国红French vermilion 茜红alizarin red; madder red 洋红carmine; magenta 品红pinkish red; magenta 猩红scarlet red; scarlet; blood red 油红oil red 紫红purplish red; madder red; wine red; wine; carmine;amaranth; claret; fuchsia;
英文简称英文全称中文全称 ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate 丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物 AES Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene 丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物 AMMA Acrylonitrile/methyl Methacrylate 丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物ARP Aromatic polyester 聚芳香酯 AS Acrylonitrile-styrene resin 丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂 ASA Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate 丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物 CA Cellulose acetate 醋酸纤维塑料 CAB Cellulose acetate butyrate 醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料 CAP Cellulose acetate propionate 醋酸-丙酸纤维素 CE Cellulose plastics, general 通用纤维素塑料 CF Cresol-formaldehyde 甲酚-甲醛树脂 CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素 CN Cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素 CP Cellulose propionate 丙酸纤维素 CPE Chlorinated polyethylene 氯化聚乙烯 CPVC Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) 氯化聚氯乙烯 CS Casein 酪蛋白 CTA Cellulose triacetate 三醋酸纤维素 EC Ethyl cellulose 乙烷纤维素 EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid 乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物 EP Epoxy, epoxide 环氧树脂 EPD Ethylene-propylene-diene 乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物 EPM Ethylene-propylene polymer 乙烯-丙烯共聚物 EPS Expanded polystyrene 发泡聚苯乙烯 ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene 乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物 EV A Ethylene/vinyl acetate 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 EV AL Ethylene-vinyl alcohol 乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物 FEP Perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) 全氟（乙烯-丙烯）塑料 FF Furan formaldehyde 呋喃甲醛 HDPE High-density polyethylene plastics 高密度聚乙烯塑料 HIPS High impact polystyrene 高冲聚苯乙烯 IPS Impact-resistant polystyrene 耐冲击聚苯乙烯 LCP Liquid crystal polymer 液晶聚合物 LDPE Low-density polyethylene plastics 低密度聚乙烯塑料 LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene 线性低密聚乙烯 LMDPE Linear medium-density polyethylene 线性中密聚乙烯 MBS Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene 甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MC Methyl cellulose MDPE Medium-density polyethylene 中密聚乙烯 MF Melamine-formaldehyde resin 密胺-甲醛树脂 MPF Melamine/phenol-formaldehyde 密胺/酚醛树脂 PA Polyamide (nylon) 聚酰胺（尼龙）
保留建筑EXISTING BUILDING 已建建筑AS-BUILT 新建建筑NEW BUILDING 道路ROADWAY 绿化LANDSCAPE 汽车流线CAR ACCESS 行人流线WALK ACCESS 消防车流线FIRE BRIGADE ACCESS 货车流线TRUCK ACCESS 自行车流线BICYCLE ACCESS 消防车道FIRE WAY 主出入口MAIN ENTRENCE 保安室NO.1 GUARD HOUSE 主出入口 1 EXIT 1 地下车库出口BASEMENT PARKING EXIT 自行车停车场BICYCLE PARKING 自行车停车位BICYCLE STAND 总停车位CAR PARK 其中INCLUDE 地上停车位AT-GRADE CAR PARK 地下停车位UNDERGROUND CAR PARK 空调管线AIR CONDITIONING 强电电缆LV 10KV 弱电电缆ELV 电缆10KV HV 供水管SUPPLY WATER 污水管WASTE WATER 雨水管RAIN WA TER 消防管线FIRE HYDRANT 西门子(中国)总部SIEMENS CENTER BEIJING 说明NOTE 1.本图依据城市道路高程及市政管线标高等 资料并结合场地排水、场地地形、土方平衡 等因素进行竖向设计。 1.THE DRAWING WITH "VERTICAL HEIGHT DESIGN" IS BASED ON CITY ROADWAY ENGINEERING WITH CITY BUREAU PIPELINE HEIGHT INDICATION DOCUMENT SITE DRAINAGE, SITE TOPOGRAPHY, AND SOIL BALANCE ARE INCORPORA TED INTO THE DESIGN. 2.本图所用坐标系统为北京市城市坐标系统， 所用高程为规划高程。 2.THE DRAWING INCORPORATES BEIJING CITY COORDINA TE SYSTEM. ALL THE INDICATIVE HEIGHTS ARE PLANNING HEIGHTS. 3.图中道路横坡按1.5%设计，最小纵坡为 0.2%。 3.ALL THE ROADWAY INDICATED ON THE DRAWING IS BASED ON 1.5%HORIZONTAL SLOPE.THE SMALLEST VERTICAL SLOPE IS 0.2%. 4.图中标注单位均为米。 4.BASIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IS METRIC. 保留建筑EXISTING BUILDING 已建建筑AS-BUILT 新建建筑NEW BUILDING 道路ROADWAY 绿化LANDSCAPE 地下车库入口BASEMENT PARKING ENTRANCE 坡道RAMP 消防车道FIRE WAY 紧急出口EMERGENCY EXIT 3 2#保安室NO.2 GUARD HOUSE 停车场PARKING 工程地点位置图SITE LOCATION 图例LEGEND 自行车停车场BASEMENT EXIT 1 BICYCLE PARKING H=4.8M 地下室出入口 2 BASEMENT EXIT 2 主出入口 4 PARKING EXIT 4 主出入口 1 EXIT 1 道路ROADWAY 实土绿化COMPACTED SOIL LANDSCAPE 敷土绿化DEPOSITED SOIL LANDSCAPE 通风井VENTILATION OUTLET 冷却塔(两组) COOLING TOWER(2 UNITS) 紧急通道EMERGENCY ACCESS 绿地LANDSCAPE 围挡BARRIER 停车场PARKING 地下车库出入口PARKING ENTRENCE 主出入口MAIN ENTRENCE 1#保安室NO.1 GUARD HOUSE 说明NOTE 1.图中所标注建筑尺寸为外墙皮尺寸. 1.DIMENSIONS INDICA TED ON THE PLAN ARE MEASURED TO EXTERNAL EDGE OF THE BUILDINGS. 2.建筑的坐标点为轴线交点坐标. 2.ARCHITECTURE COORDINATES = INTERSECTION OF THE BUILDINGS AXIS. 3.本图以米为单位,%%P0.000相当于绝对标 高37.75. 3.METRIC SYSTEMS ARE THE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT. 4.本项目对周边现状及规划建筑日照影响满 足相关法规及规范要求, 即日照时数满足大寒日最低2小时的日照要 求. 4.DESIGN COMPLIES WITH LOCAL REGULATION OF SUN SHADING TO NEIGHBORHOOD. 保留建筑面积EXISTING BUILDING 容 积率PLOT RATIO 建筑占地面积BUILDING COVERAGE 建筑密度BUILDING DENSITY 绿化面积GREEN AREA 绿地率GREEN RATIO 总人数TOTAL USERS 机动车停车位CAR PARK 地上其辆65 65 LOTS ABOVE GROUND 地下辆564 中INCLUDE UNDERGROUND 564 LOTS 200辆自行车停车位BICYCLE STAND 200 LOTS 地上辆200 200 LOTS ABOVE GROUND 服务中心SERVICE CENTRE 1号办公楼OFFICE 1 地上
The application of constructional material 建筑材料的应用 The availability of suitable structural materials is one of the principal limitations on the accomplishment of an experienced structural engineer. Early builders depended almost exclusively on wood, stone, brick, and concrete. Although iron had been used by humans at least since the building of the Egyptian pyramids, use of it as a structural material was limited because of the difficulties of smelting it in large quantities. With the industrial revolution, however, came both the need for iron as a structural material and the capability of smelting it in quantity. John Smeaton, an English civil engineer, was the first to use cast iron extensively as a structural material in the mid-eighteenth century. After 1841, malleable iron was developed as a more reliable material and was widely used. Whereas malleable iron was superior to cast iron, there were still too many structural failures and there was a need for a more reliable material. Steel was the answer to this demand. The invention of the Bessemer converter in 1856 and the subsequent development of the Siemens-Martin open-hearth process for making steel made it possible to produce structural steel at competitive prices and triggered the tremendous developments and accomplishments in the use of structural steel over the next hundred years. The most serious disadvantage of steel is that it oxidizes easily and must be protected by paint or some other suitable coating. When steel is used in an enclosure where a fire could occur, the steel members must be encased in a suitable fire-resistant enclosure such as masonry, concrete. Normally, steel members will not fail in a brittle manner unless an unfortunate combination of metallurgical composition, low temperature, and bi-or triaxial stress exists. Structural aluminum is still not widely used in civil engineering structures, though its use is steadily increasing. By a proper selection of the aluminum alloy and its heat treatment, a wide variety of strength characteristics may be obtained. Some of the alloys exhibit stress-strain characteristics similar those of structural steel, except that the modulus of elasticity for the initial linearly elastic portion is about 10,000,000 psi (700,000 kgf/cm*cm) or about one-third that of steel. Lightness and resistance to oxidation are, of course, two of the major advantages of aluminum. Because its properties are very sensitive to its heat treatment, care must be used when riveting or welding aluminum. Several techniques have been developed for prefabricating aluminum subassemblies that can be readily erected and bolted together in the field to form a number of beautiful and well-designed shell structures. This general procedure of prefabrication and held assembly by bolting seems to be the most promising way of utilizing structural aluminum. Reinforced and prestesses concrete share with structural material. Natural cement concretes have been used for centuries. Modern concrete construction dates from the middle of the nineteenth century, though artificial Portland cement was patented by Aspidin, an Englishman, about 1825. Although several builders and engineers experimented with the use of steel-reinforced concrete in the last half of the nineteenth century, its dominant use as a building material dates from the early decades of the twentieth century. The last fifty years have seen the rapid and vigorous development of prestressed concrete design and construction, founded largely on early work by Freyssinet in France and Magnel in Belgium. Plain (unreinforced) concrete not only is a heterogeneous material but also has one very serious defect as a structural material, namely, its very limited tensile strength, which is only of the order of one-tenth its compressive strength. Not only is tensile failure in concrete of a brittle type, but likewise compression failure occurs in a relatively brittle fashion without being preceded by the forewarning of large deformations. (Of course, in reinforced-concrete construction, ductile behavior can be obtained by proper
Hacker 黑客，最初是指发现网络系统安全漏洞并进行修补的人，而现在多指利用系统安全漏洞对网络进行攻击破坏或窃取资料的人 HomePage 主页，通过万维网(Web)进行信息查询的起始信息页 HTML Hypertext Markup Language超文本链接语言HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol超文本传输协议ICP Internet Content Provider Internet内容提供商ICQ I seek you网上寻呼 Internet国际互联网，因特网 internet 互联网，泛指由多个计算机网络相互连接而成的一个网络 I Phone Internet Phone一种通过Internet进行语音通讯的技术 IP电话利用Internet技术传输话音信号的一种电话 IRC Internet Relay Chat Internet实时网上交谈系统ISP Internet Service Provider Internet服务提供商 MUD Multi-User Dungeon多用户网络游戏 NII National Information Infrastructure 国家信息基础结构，俗称信息高速公 路 POP Post Office Protocol邮局协议 Proxy Server 代理服务器，一种代表客户机转送服务请求的服务器，它也可以通过在送出信息内容前对其进行审查，从而在因特网和专用网之间提供防火墙安全性 PSP Platform Service Provider平台服务供应商 Telnet远程登录 UNINET中国联通互联网 URL Uniform Resource Locator网站地址 VST Virtual Space Teleconferencing虚拟空间会议 Web环球网 WWW World Wide Web万维网 技术标准 Big5台湾流行的汉字内码标准 CMM Capacity Maturity Model 软件过程能力成熟度模型，一种评测软件开发能力与质量的方法 DES Data Encryption Standard数据加密标准 GB国家标准汉字内码GMT Greenwich Mean Time格林威治时间 IEEE Institution of Electrical and Electronics 电气和电子工程师学会（美国） ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织 ISO 9000一种质量管理标准 JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图象专家组规范，一种图象压缩 标准 MP3MPEGAudioLayer3一种音乐格式，它能够将CD品质的数字录音压缩成原来的1/12大小，令其容易存储和在网上传输 MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group 一种活动图象和声音的压缩标准，其中MPEG1是最常用的，为VCD所采用，MPEG2则为DVD所采用 Open System Interconnect 开放系统互连，用于各种型号计算机
碳钢弯头 Carbon Steel Elbow 不锈钢弯头 Stainless Steel Elbow 高压弯头 High-Pressure Elbow 同心异径管 Concentric Reducers 偏心异径管 Eccentric Reducers 高压异径管 High-pressure Reducers 不锈钢等径三通 Stainless Straight Tee 碳钢等径三通 Carbon Straight Tee 不锈钢等径四通 Stainless Straight Cross 高压三通 High-pressure Tee 锻制三通 Forged Tee 异径接头 Template 管帽 Caps 法兰flange 长径和短径弯头 long and short radius elbows 同心和偏心异径接头 concentric and eccentric reducers 等径和异径三通 straight and reducing outlet tees 大小头 CONCENTRIC REDUCER 相等的三通Tee Equal 等径三通Straight Tee 异径三通Reducing Tee 等径四通Straight Cross 90°短半径弯头90°SS Elbow(SR) U型管Return Bend
90°长半径弯头90°SS Elbow (LR) 高压厚壁弯头Thickness Elbow 盲法兰Blank Flange 弯管Bends 翻边stub ends 异径接头reducers 公称通径 nominal diameter 外径(mm) outside diameter 中心距至端面的距离 center to end 理论重量(kg/pcs) approx weight 类种description 标准Standard 类型Design 材质Material 双丝头 Nipple 同心异径短节 SWAGE Nipple 活接头 Union PLUG HEX HEAD六角管堵 PLUG HEX HEAD SCRD六角螺纹管堵 MPT螺纹 RC螺纹螺桩 stud SWAGE (CONC)同 心异径短节 单承口管箍 Half-Coupling 异径管箍Coupling, Reducing 盲板 Blind Flange 带双圈的盲板spectacle blind 偏心的Ecentric 等径直通equal coupling 内牙直通 female coupling 外牙直通 straight tube with outside 90等径弯头 90 equal elbow 45等径弯头 45 equal elbow
VRAY渲染器中英文对照表一 VRay的渲染参数 这些参数让你控制渲染过程中的各个方面。VRay的控制参数分为下列部分： 1. Image Sampler (Antialiasing) 图像采样（抗锯齿） 2. Depth of field/Antialiasing filter景深/抗锯齿过滤器 3. Indirect Illumination (GI) / Advanced irradiance map parameters 间接照明（全局照明GI）/高级光照贴图参数 4. Caustics散焦 5. Environment环境 6. Motion blur 运动模糊 7. QMC samplers QMC采样 8. G-buffer G－缓冲 9. Camera摄像机 10. System 系统 1. Image Sampler (Antialiasing) 图像采样（抗锯齿） VRay采用几种方法来进行图像的采样。所有图像采样器均支持MAX的标准抗锯齿过滤器，尽管这样会增加渲染的时间。你可以选择Fixed rate采样器，Simple two-level采样器和Adaptive subdivision采样器。Fixed rate 采样 这是最简单的采样方法，它对每个像素采用固定的几个采样。 Subdivs –调节每个像素的采样数。 Rand –当该选项选择后，采样点将在采样像素内随机分布。这样能够产生较好的视觉效果。Simple two-level 采样一种简单的较高级采样，图像中的像素首先采样较少的采样数目，然后对某些像素进行高级采样以提高图像质量 Base subdivs –决定每个像素的采样数目。 Fine subdivs –决定用于高级采样的像素的采样数目。 Threshold –所有强度值差异大于该值的相邻的像素将采用高级采样。较低的值能产生较好的图像质量。 Multipass –当该选项选中后，当VRay对一个像素进行高级采样后，该像素的值将与其临
化工原料中英文词汇对照表 灭滴灵Metronidazole 柠檬酸Citric Acid 硝酸钙calcium nitrate 癸二酸Sebacic Acid 冰醋酸glacial acetic acid 维生素C磷酸镁Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate 对苯二酚Hydroquinone 环丙沙星盐酸CIPROFLOXACIN HCL 氢氧化钠Sodium Hydroxide 吗菌灵醋酸盐dodemorph acetate 烯酰吗啉dimethomorph 百菌清Chlorothalonil 尼索朗hexythiazox 哒螨灵pyridaben 葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯glucono delta lactone 硫酸粘杆菌素colistine sulfate 恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin Base 土霉素盐酸OxyTetraCycline HCl 黄磷Yellow Phosphorus 索布瑞醇Sobrerol
焦棓酸PYROGALLOL 硫乙醇酸THIOGLYCOLLIC ACID 茴香硫醚THIOANISOLE 1-溴-3-氯丙烷1-BROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE 氟苯FLUOROBENZEN 叔丁基胺tert-butylamine 丙烯酸树脂Acrylic resin 顺铂Cisplatin 卡铂Carboplatin 依托泊苷Etoposide 食用乳糖EDIBLE LACTOSE 十六烷醇cetyl alcohol 甘油Glycerine 过硫酸铵ammonium persulfate 三聚磷酸钠Sodium tripolyphosphate 氧化镁Magnesium oxide 97% 硅酸乙酯Ethyl silicate 40 青蒿琥酯Artesunate 磷酸三钠triSodium Phosphate 对苯二酚hydroquinone 月桂醇硫酸钠sldium lauryl sulfate 对羟基苯甲酸para hydroxy benzoic acid
"R，L Co.,Ltd" 模具常用术语中英文对照 模芯Parting Core 局部视图Partial View 冷料# Cold Slag 线切割 Wire 轮廊Contour 螺纹孔 Tapping Hole 连接件 Fittings 斜针Angle Pin 接合Engage 替换镶件Interchangeable Mold Inserts 指定吨位的注塑机Specific Press 水嘴接头Water Fittings 螺纹Eyebolt Thread 回针Stop Pin 二级顶出针Sub-Leaderd Pin 镶件Mold Insert 加硬Harden 唧嘴Sprue 设计筒图Design Preliminary 名称块表Title Block 版本标识Revision Level 材料清单Stock List 制模Build Mold 手动滑块Hand Slide 漏水测试Leak Test 流道排气Runner Vents 抛光Draw Polish 侧抽芯 Side Action 加强筋 Reinforcing
三角撑 Gusset 柱子Bossed 出模斜度Draft 外廊Contour 落单会议Kick-Off Meeting 装卸孔 Handling Hole 运输安全带Moldstrap 码模槽 Clamp Slot 撑头Support Pillar 螺牙1/2-13 Eye Bolt 1/2-13Tap 导柱位 Leader Pin Location 耐落胶 Teflon Paste 偏移量 Offset 水塞Water Line Plug 撬模脚 Ppy Slot 重新加工Reworked 配件Components 补偿Compensation 平面度 Parallel 倒角Chamfer 模胚Mold Base 热嘴Hotnozzle 火花机 Edm 熔接线 Weildline 压机Press 晒纹Texturing 梯形Trapezoid 凸缘、法兰Flange 方铁Spacer Block 顶针板Ejector Plate 顶针底板Ejector Retainer Plate 垫板Retainer Plate
MENU 冷菜Cold Dish 白切鸡Boiled Chicken with Sauce 川北凉粉Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce 夫妻肺片Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce 酱香猪蹄Pig Feet Seasoned with Soy Sauce 老醋泡花生Peanuts Pickled in Aged Vinegar 泡椒凤爪Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers 五香牛肉Spicy Roast Beef 盐焗鸡Baked Chicken in Salt 炸花生米Fried Peanuts 酱猪肘Pork Hock Seasoned with Soy Sauce 凉拌黄瓜Cucumber in Sauce 糖拌西红柿Tomato Slices with Sugar 糖蒜Sweet Garlic 热菜Hot Dishes 东坡方肉Braised Dongpo Pork 鱼香肉丝Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork 糖醋排骨Sweet and Sour Spare Ribs 毛家红烧肉Braised Pork，Mao’s Family Style 红烧狮子头Stewed Pork Ball in Brown Sauce 回锅肉片Sautéed Sliced Pork with Pepper and Chili 京酱肉丝Sautéed Shredded Pork in Sweet Bean Sauce 酸豆角肉沫Sautéed Sour Beans with Minced Pork 杭椒牛柳Sautéed Beef Filet with Hot Green Pepper 青椒肉丝Sautéed Shredded Pork with Green Pepper 水煮牛肉Poached Sliced Beef in Hot Chili Oil 葱爆羊肉Sautéed Lamb Slices with Scallion 红焖羊排Braised Lamb Chops with Carrots 烤羊腿Roast Lamb Leg 手扒羊排Grilled Lamb Chops 烤羔羊Roasted Lamb
中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Reinforced Concrete Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including the United States and Canada, reinforced concrete is a dominant structural material in engineered construction. The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and the constituents of concrete, gravel, sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction, and the economy of reinforced concrete compared to other forms of construction. Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, buildings of all sorts underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures, dams, and even in ships. Reinforced concrete structures may be cast-in-place concrete, constructed in their final location, or they may be precast concrete