第一题，术语区分题。四组术语，24分。
1 phoneme vs. allophone
2 homonymy vs. homophony
3 illocutionary act vs. perlocutionary act
4 language switch vs. L1 transfer
第二题，选择题，考察的都是基础知识，10小题，共30分。
第三题，分析题。给出几个句子，要求先填写名词前的冠词或复数后缀-s；然后总结出使用冠词或复数后缀-s的一般模式（commonpattern）。
第四题，分析题，考察的知识点是歧义（ambiguity）。给出两句话，要求先回答这两句话有无歧义，并写出每句话的不同理解，再分析这两句话产生歧义的原因是否相同。
1 The children play near the bank.
2 The professor said on Monday that hewould give an exam.
显然，第一句话中的bank涉及lexical ambiguity, 而第二句话中的on Monday既可修饰said，又可修饰would give an exam，属于grammatical/structural ambiguity。
第五题，分析题，考察隐喻。给出美国报刊（记得好像是时代周刊）上的一段话，要求辨认那些词使用了隐喻，并写出其概念隐喻。
第六题，分析题，考察合作原则的准则，题目似乎是课本原题。给出几句话，要求辨认这些话违反了哪些准则，回答是否the hedging efforts suggest the plausibility of the CP.
第七题，分析题，考察cohesion和coherence。给出一段话，要求辨认涉及到的cohesive devices；评价其coherence；对原文修改，并说出做出修改的
理由。
第八题，分析题，考察communicationstrategy。有三问，分别是定义，5种常见类型，使用交际策略的优缺点（pros and cons）。这道题似乎也是课本原题。
2016浙大801经济学综合完美回忆版（西经部分+政经部分+计量简答及分析部分） 写在最前面： 自从浙大2014起便不对外公布真题，对我们考研同学来说是很痛苦的一件事，复习时也有种完全找不到路的感觉，想拿最近真题练手又无路可寻，笔者在考完后，本着为考研筒子谋福利的想法，努力回想一番，整理出了西经部分，政经部分以及计量除计算题以外的部分，希望为各位提供一定的帮助吧。 一、西经部分（100分） （一）、名词解释部分 1.需求弹性 2.价格上限 3.经济增长 4.人力资本 （二）计算部分 5.微观部分：微观考了一个求最大利润的问题，比较简单，参考意义并不大） 6.宏经考研计算题：（与2013年考研题类似） Y = C + I +G +NX C = 300 + 0.8Yd I = 200 – 1500r G = 200 NX = 100 + 0.04Y – 500r 税率：t = 0.2 L = 0.5Y – 1500r M = 550 P = 1 (1):求IS曲线 (2):求LM曲线 (3):求在商品市场和货币市场同时达到均衡下的r,Y是多少？ (4):求在均衡下的C,I,NX各为多少？ （三）简答部分 7.请简答价格歧视的条件 8.请简答通货膨胀能够造成正的产出效应的三个条件 （四）论述部分 9.请作图分析并论述在完全竞争市场下成本不变，成本递增，成本递减三种情形下行业的长期供给曲线如何形成并分析其特征。 10.请从寻找工作，最低工资，工会，效率工资四个方面来论述失业是如何形成的。 二、政经部分（50分） 简答题： 1.商品的使用价值及价值与劳动二重性之间的关系 2.政府失灵和市场失灵
研途宝考研https://www.doczj.com/doc/f42230021.html,/ 距离复试成绩公布已经有两个多月了，前天通知书到了终于心里面踏实了，想着该写点啥，自己也从论坛里面收获了不少，想着也该回馈一下了。不知道现在来写会不会被鄙视。废话不多说了，进入正题吧。首先介绍下，我是英语语言学方向的，是二战的，略悲剧，今年的初试成绩也献个丑吧，政治66，日语90，基础英语113，语言学109。因为是二战党，所以两年复习的方式不太一样，不过并不代表第一年的复习是徒劳的，正是有了第一年的经验，我第二年才比较顺利的。 政治 首先说说政治吧，我其实政治真的不怎么样，高中学的理科，不过，从我两年的经验来说，我觉得政治这东西说难不难的，说易不易的。我政治每次都是很晚才开始复习的，都是考前两个月突击一下的，第一年没经验报了个班，感觉没啥用。因为不喜欢政治所以很晚才开始复习，但是又因为时间很短，所以我就在考前两个月把一些重点背一背，特别是大题要多背背，我第二年就拿肖秀荣的什么重点的书背的，到时候答题就胡吹乱侃的，一些细节的东西直接pass，毕竟要充分利用好时间嘛，至于选择题可以做做真题模拟题什么的，特别推荐肖秀荣的那个押题版，我感觉他的那本书两年都救我于水火之中，我第二年考前一天晚上狂背那个最后四套题，效果是立竿见影。我政治学得挺差的，我这个是没办法的办法，大家要想多考点分就下点功夫吧。不过南大也不要求政治很高，过线即可，关键是专业课嘛。 日语 日语我可是花了不少时间了，我是从大一开始学日语的，因为本科略差，所以励志考研就很早开始准备了，日语我开始是自学新编，后来又报了班，最后选择南大之后就换成了新标了。日语首先把语法基础打牢了，主要就是新标的那些吧，然后最苦逼的就是背单词了，南大的日语词汇占了四分之一了，而且日语单词有时候读起来很熟悉，可是又想不起来，所以日语单词一定要一遍又一遍的背，我一战的时候是语法单词都顾及，到了二战的时候因为语法已经很熟悉了，几乎第二年日语就是背单词，不过单词容易忘所以特别是临考的时候要多背几遍，我考前两天就拿政治和日语单词背的。技巧方面我是这样的，把假名抄在一张纸上，然后看着假名默想汉字，反之一样，如果比较容易想起来的就可以少复习了，如果老是觉得记不起来就抄到另一张纸上作为重点背诵，就这样一遍一遍的假名汉字，汉字假名轮换的背。我感觉把假名汉字放一起好像都会，分开了就不定能想起来了。
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
2008年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解 I. Write the international phonetic alphabet for the following words. (12/150) (1) hypothesis (2) academician (3) verbatim (4) technique (5) capacity (6) standardize (7) guarantee (8) paradigm (9) primarily (10) rhetoric (11) procedure (12) originate 答案： (1) [] (2) [] (3) [] (4) [] (5) [] (6) [] (7) [] (8) [] (9) [] (10) [] (11) [] (12) [] II. It often happens in English that when two words are put together in a compound word, the pronunciation of the compound word will be different from that of the two separate words. For instance, cup+board→cupboard; the pronunciation will become/. Similar changes will happen when two words are put together in a phrase. Transcribe the underlined part of each of the following phrases in the International Phonetic Alphabet as they are actually pronounced. (16/150)
复旦大学 英语语言文学考研经验
从决定考研开始就一直查各种资料和各种考验心得，经常在high研看师哥师姐们的热血经历，也得到了很多师哥师姐们的帮助，在这里先谢谢大家了。 我准备考研比较早，元旦左右就开始了，因为大三课比较多，所以前期复习时间较短，速度有点慢，因此，如果大家已经有目标，建议越早开始越好The early bird catches the worm! 政治： 暑假开始复习政治，一直到最后都是跟着肖秀荣老师的书在走，1000题很重要，可以抓很多细节性的知识，建议不要在书上直接写，方便后期反复利用。暑假期间可以先看去年大纲，大概有个印象，最后冲刺时四八套题一定要好好背，今年肖老师大题基本都中了。政治最好每天都分配一定的时间，这一科记得快忘的也快。 考研政治每门课都是一个庞大的体系，有着大量的内容。因此需要建构每门课的大体系框架，通过一个框架把整门课连接起来，背李凡政治新时器就够了。以中国近现代史纲要为例，以时间顺序可以把中国近现代史纲要分为两部分，即以1949年10月为分界限的中国近代史和中国现代史。 中国近代史又可分为两部分，即以“五四运动”为界限的旧民主主义运动和新民主主义运动两部分。在这两个阶段有一条非常明显的主线：列强对中国的侵略和中华民族各个阶层为了中国的独立所做出的努力。 根据这条主线旧民主主义运动又可以分为几个部分，即地主阶级、资产阶级维新派、资产阶级革命派、农民阶级做出的尝试，分别是“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“辛亥革命”“太平天国运动”和“义和团运动”。“五四运动”后的新民主主义运动也可根据主线分为几个阶段，即第一次国内革命战争时期，国共十年对峙时期，抗日战争时期，解放战争时期。 中国现代史就是新中国的建设史，可以根据这条主线分为几个阶段，即1949~1956年的过渡时期，1956~1966年的社会主义建设时期，1966~1976年的“十年文革”时期，1976以后的社会主义建设新时期。 二外法语： 本科学校教材是新大学法语，我复习用过的资料有：考研必备，二外法语考研综合（肖红），和圣才出版的名校历年二外真题，不过这些书提供的答案有些
英语专业考研语言学复习题附答案 Chapter I Introduction I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Ch omsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language. https://www.doczj.com/doc/f42230021.html,ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless
I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang
2011年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷 (总分：54.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00) 1.Define the following terms. Support your definition with one or two appropriate examples.Ambiguity（分数： 2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.metalanguage（分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.minimal pair（分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.neologism（分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.euphemism（分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、单项选择题(总题数：10，分数：20.00) 6.The word "edit" is formed through the process of______.（分数：2.00） A.blending B.back-formation https://www.doczj.com/doc/f42230021.html,pounding D.derivation 7.By______, it is sometimes meant that the form of a word or sign partially or fully conveys the meaning of the word or sign.（分数：2.00） A.arbitrariness B.creativity C.duality of structure D.iconicity 8.Assimilation occurs in the articulation of the word "______".（分数：2.00） A.invincible B.inconvenience C.inherent D.inadequate 9.Deletion occurs in the articulation of all the words below except "______".（分数：2.00） A.debt B.rhetoric C.style D.flight 10.The primary stress of the word "______" falls on the first syllable.（分数：2.00） https://www.doczj.com/doc/f42230021.html,parable B.resistible C.considerable D.negotiable 11.All the following words except "______" are dynamic verbs.（分数：2.00） A.boost B.discourage C.unpack D.concern
英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.doczj.com/doc/f42230021.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title
一、选择题1*30分 难度较高，跟我们平时做的专四词汇不一样，感觉像是从外刊上直接摘抄下来的句子，有几句是从同一篇摘抄出来的。考点语法点并不是很明晰，做这30道题我用了半个多小时……感觉广外这两年风格越来越偏向务实了。 二、阅读题4篇文章，共40分 材料生词较多，内容也比较新颖，感觉还是从外刊上摘出来的文章。但是题不难。 三、写作30分 题目大概是“some people believe that if a couple have a regular job, they will have a more harmonious family relationship, while others have totally different opinion.”让你针对此观点写一篇400词的作文，这里的a regular job个人感觉不好理解，考场上我内心那个纠结的呀…… 一、词汇翻译（抄在准考证上带出来的=。=） 【汉译英】1*15 1 大众创业 2 中澳自贸协定 3 一带一路 4 城镇化 5 世界反法西斯战争 6 新常态 7 命运共同体 8 经济发展快车道 9 产能过剩 10 多边贸易体系 11 千年发展目标 12 生态足迹 13 董事总经理 14 商务部部长助理 15 区域经济一体化 【英译汉】1*15 1 United Nations Economic and Social Council 2 pro vice chancellor 3 the ASEAN Community 4 mutural but distinctive responsibility 5 corrupt fugitive repatriation
人员构成： 姓名性别出生年月职称学科专业在教学中承担的工作 丁言仁男1948.11 博导应用语言学“英语语言通论” 陈新仁男1967.10 教授语用学、修辞学“英语语言学导论”“英语语言通论” 王文宇女1974.1 副教授应用语言学“英语语言通论”、“论文写作与研讨” 周丹丹女1970 讲师英语语言文学“英语语言学”网络课程答疑张翼男1980.3 助教理论语言学“英语语言学”网络课程更新 教学队伍整体结构 本课程的教学队伍中有2名正教授，1名副教授，1名讲师，1名助教，其中博导1人，硕导2人，博士4人，硕士1人，有2人从事英语理论语言学研究，3人从事英语应用语言学研究，50岁以上1人，30-50岁以上3人，不足30岁1人，主持课程负责人毕业于美国哥伦比亚大学，主讲教师陈新仁毕业于广东外语外贸大学，其他三位教师毕业于南京大学，因此，整个队伍学缘结构、学历结构、知识结构、职称结构、年龄结构等都非常合理，既有经验丰富、成果累累的老教师，也有年富力强的青年教师。师生比例1：10左右。队伍中，陈新仁博士多来一直从事“英语语言学概论”的教学工作，对该课程的教学工作形成了比较多的感性认识，并从2002年起开始参与“英语语言通论”王文宇博士擅长外语学习与教学研究，参与“英语语言通论”团队教学工作，并独立承担“论文写作与研讨”系列讲座。周丹丹博士主要负责“英语语言学概论”网络课程的答疑。张翼硕士目前主要参与实践环节的指导，同时协助维护“英语语言学概论”网络课程的更新。 教学改革与教学研究 1、重新定位“英语语言学”课程定位和目标，将该课程从选修课提升为专业必修课，将该课程从一门知识型课程界定为一门知识传授
语言学的资料很少，看完书后想找些习题或往年试题做做，可以起到练兵，巩固所看书本知识的作用。我收集了一些高校语言学的往年试题供大家参考，讨论，交流一下做题的感受，也希望大家可以把自己所考学校的往年试题发表在上面，给大家一起讨论。 1 One of the main features of our human language is arbitrariness .Can you briefly explain what is this feature refers to ? Give examples if necessary(10 points). < 北师大2003年试题） 2 In english we can describe a story as "a successful story" or "a success story ".Do you think they mean the same ? Please explain and give your reasons(10 points) ,< 同上》 3 Expain the following terms ,giving examples where necessary.(50 points) <中山2003》 design feature macrolinguistics vowel minimal pair folk etymology aspect anopho r error analysisr metaphor 4 Language can change through blending ,metanalysis ,back-formation, analogical creation and borrowing.Give two english words for each of them ( 5 points) 清华 2000年试题 5 Answer the following question briefly.clearly,grammatically and correctly.(10 Points ) 湖南师大2003年 What is it wrong to assume that the meaning of a sentence is the sum of the meaning of the words which compose it ? 7 Define the following terms.(10 points) 中国海洋大学1999 Phoneme ,consonant,morpheme,lexicon,syntax,endocentric construction,semantics,hyponymy ,language ,design feature 8 Define the following terms .(20 points) 苏州大学1997 allophone morpheme assimilation internal authority interlanguage phatic communion closed-class word government semantica triangic lingua franca
英语语言学试题（2） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called